| anophelines in the state of acre, brazil, infected with plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, the variant p. vivax vk247 and p. malariae. | anophelines collected indoors and in the peri-domiciliary area in 3 localities in the amazon region, state of acre, brazil, from august 1990 to january 1991 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the repeats of the circumsporozoite proteins of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. vivax v247, and p. malariae. of the 3056 specimens collected, 2610 were anopheles oswaldoi, 362 a. deaneorum, 60 a. triannulatus and 24 were a. da ... | 1993 | 8249059 |
| use of the quantitative buffy coat system for detection of parasitemia in patients with babesiosis. | quantitative buffy coat analysis and blood smears were performed on a total of 47 blood samples. the technique showed 100% correlation with the blood smears in 9 samples containing babesia and 10 samples containing malaria, with some differential features distinguishing the two infections. quantitative buffy coat analysis provides a simple and rapid method for the detection of parasitemia in cases of babesiosis. | 1993 | 8253995 |
| [plasmodium prevalence and parasitic burden in blood donors of brazzaville, congo]. | to assess the frequency of malaria-infected blood donations in brazzaville (congo) thick films from all blood donors (n = 12,375, minimum per month: 857, maximum per month: 1,295; sex ratio: 9.6) at the brazzaville university hospital were examined quantitatively for plasmodium (screening threshold: 20/microliters of blood) over one year (1989). the overall prevalence rate for all species of plasmodium was 8.5%. it varied according with age but not with sex. p. falciparum predominated (92%), fol ... | 1993 | 8279865 |
| the diagnosis and treatment of malaria in australia. | the number of reported malaria cases is increasing each year with several deaths reported recently. this article reviews the types of malarias, including their incidence, prevention, presentation and the standard treatment protocols. | 1993 | 8280001 |
| [malaria indices, larval ecology and trophic activity of anopheles mosquitoes in djohong (adamaoua, cameroon) in the rainy season]. | in djohong in the wet season the prevalence of malaria is 17.5% for plasmodium falciparum and 1.1% for plasmodium malariae. in children 2 to 9 years of age the plasmodic index is 38.6% (mesoendemicity) for the children of the peasants and 9.4% for those belonging to other socioeconomical groups. in infants less than 12 months old, the plasmodic index is 9.3%, this relatively high rate corresponding to the high transmission period of the rainy season. anopheles gambiae is the mosquito species mos ... | 1993 | 8289630 |
| [estimation of the parasitological incidence and recovery rates of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae and p. ovale among children living in a malarial holoendemic zone in congo]. | the incidence and recovery rates of p. falciparum, p. malariae and p. ovale parasitaemia among schoolchildren from a congolese village where malaria transmission is intense and perennial were studied from longitudinal data. time intervals between sampling were two days, eight days, two weeks, two months and four months for the different surveys. values derived from the model of bekessy et al. (1976) showed a great range of variation for p. falciparum (daily incidence rate h: 0.0119-0.0529; daily ... | 1993 | 8292913 |
| the importance of sensitive detection of malaria parasites in the human and insect hosts in epidemiological studies, as shown by the analysis of field samples from guinea bissau. | a method based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for highly sensitive detection and identification of human malaria parasites was applied to blood and mosquito samples obtained from a village in guinea bissau. the prevalence of parasites in the human population was shown to be greatly underestimated by microscopical examination. in particular, a high incidence of plasmodium malariae and p. ovale parasites was revealed only by the pcr assay. preliminary evidence was obtained to show that the ... | 1993 | 8296364 |
| problems in the therapy of mixed malarial infections: a case of infection with plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae treated with mefloquine and halofantrine. | | 1993 | 8296379 |
| the china i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in aotus monkeys and chimpanzees. | five aotus monkeys and two chimpanzees were infected with plasmodium malariae isolated from a patient who acquired her infection approximately 50 years ago. all animals were splenectomized. the chimpanzees supported the highest parasite densities of 22,271/microliters and 18,544/microliters. three aotus monkeys with a previous history of infection with p. vivax had maximum parasite counts of from 1,818/microliters to 2,909/microliters, whereas two monkeys not previously infected had maximum para ... | 1994 | 8304570 |
| a study of polymorphism in the circumsporozoite protein of human malaria parasites. | we have characterized the circumsporozoite (cs) gene sequences of plasmodium malariae china-1 cdc, isolated recently from a person who was infected 50 years ago in china, and p. vivax chesson, isolated 48 years ago from a patient who had returned from new guinea. these protein sequences were compared with the cs protein sequences of recently isolated p. vivax and p. malariae parasites. in a similar manner, we compared the previously characterized cs protein gene of p. falciparum clone 7g8, deriv ... | 1994 | 8304571 |
| [the diagnosis of malaria by the thick film and the qbc: a comparative study of both technics]. | the diagnosis of paludism is important because of the severity of the clinical picture caused by plasmodium falciparum, the increasing number of travellers to endemic zones and the emigration from these zones. a comparative study of the qbc techniques (staining with acridin orange and observation with ultraviolet light) and the thick film with giemsa staining was carried out. | 1993 | 8315991 |
| [malaria in the saharan region of senegal. 2. parasitological indices]. | the malaria parasitological indexes have been studied in three villages situated in the senegal river central valley. near one of them an irrigated rice field has been operational since july 1989. each village has its own health care unit and the consumption of antimalarial drugs, especially chloroquine, is important. the parasitological indexes in children 0 to 9 years old and in patients presenting with symptoms evocative of malarial attacks are low. irrigation of the rice field area does not ... | 1993 | 8323406 |
| malaria morbidity among children exposed to low seasonal transmission in dakar, senegal and its implications for malaria control in tropical africa. | to measure morbidity due to malaria and to study its relationship with transmission and parasitemia in children living in an area of low malaria endemicity, a cohort study of 343 schoolchildren was undertaken during a one-year period in dakar, senegal. from parallel investigations on transmission and the frequency of malaria as a cause for outpatient visits, three different seasons were chosen for close monitoring of different clinical parasitologic, and sero-immunologic parameters. the daily in ... | 1993 | 8333568 |
| imported plasmodium malariae malaria. | | 1993 | 8358132 |
| splenic complications in malaria: case report and review. | clinicians are increasingly confronted with diagnosis and management of malarial complications. in nonfalciparum malaria, severe complications usually involve the spleen, most notably among them the condition termed spontaneous splenic rupture. a case of infection due to plasmodium malariae resulting in a symptomatic splenic hematoma is presented. malarial splenic enlargement and pathology are reviewed, as well as splenic complications such as spontaneous rupture, hematoma, hyperreactive malaria ... | 1993 | 8443301 |
| [halofantrine in the treatment of imported malaria in nonimmune travelers]. | the efficacy (criteria: cure rate, time to resolution of fever or absence of parasites) and safety (criteria: clinical side effects, altered laboratory parameters) of halofantrin were investigated in a multi-centre study of 96 non-immune patients (71 men, 25 women, mean age 34.3 [21-62] years) with malaria imported from regions of high resistance into germany or switzerland. the initial 63 patients received one-day treatment (three doses of 500 mg halofantrin), while the last 33 patients receive ... | 1993 | 8444102 |
| materno-fetal transmission of pregnancy malaria: an immunoparasitological study on 202 parturients in maputo. | a total of 202 delivering mothers and their newborns were studied with the intention to follow the materno-fetal transmission of malaria. malaria infection was encountered in 35 cases (17.3%) in which plasmodium falciparum predominated in peripheral blood while p. malariae predominated on the placental surface. in cord blood p. falciparum was encountered in 1.5% of the cases. there was slightly more maternal infection in rural (23%) than in suburban areas (19%). less malaria infection was encoun ... | 1993 | 8449440 |
| experimental infection of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles freeborni and anopheles stephensi with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum. | susceptibility to infection of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae s.s., an. freeborni and an. stephensi, was determined for 2 closely related malaria parasites, plasmodium malariae and p. brasilianum. neither strain of an. gambiae supported development of oocyst densities as great as the other 2 anopheline mosquitoes. the zan strain of an. gambiae s.s. from zanzibar was more susceptible to infection with the strain of p. malariae from uganda than the g-3 strain of an. gambiae s.s. from the gambia. a ... | 1993 | 8468576 |
| risk factors of malaria infection during pregnancy in burkina faso: suggestion of a genetic influence. | a cohort of 570 untreated pregnant women from burkina faso was studied to assess the influence of epidemiologic factors on malaria infection, which was quantified as the mean of serial, season-adjusted parasitemia measurements (mean parasite density [mpd]) carried out during the last five months of gestation. a significant effect of the area of maternal residence on the mpd was found (p < 0.003) and was probably due to geographic differences in mosquito transmission conditions. the strong relati ... | 1993 | 8470773 |
| sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in pregnant women in zaria, northern nigeria. | thirty-five pregnant women with plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia were treated with chloroquine 25 mg/kg body weight over 3 days. they were followed up in vivo by use of a modified 14-day who extended field test. in vitro sensitivity of the parasite isolates to chloroquine was assessed by using the who microtest method. all pregnant women were aparasitaemic by day 7 and there was no parasite reappearance throughout the 14-day observation period. the mean parasite clearance time (mpct) was 3.2 + ... | 1993 | 8511811 |
| seasonal characteristics of malaria infection in under-five children of a rural community in southern ghana. | in a quarterly survey of malaria infection in the under-five children conducted at gomoa onyadze/otsew jukwa, a rural community in the central region of ghana from december, 1986 to september, 1987, crude parasite rates ranged from 19.6 to 33.5 per cent in the dry season (december and march) and 33.0 to 44.0 per cent in the wet season (june and september). p. falciparum was the predominant parasite species by parasite formula analysis with higher rates in the rainy season (94.2 to 95.8 per cent) ... | 1993 | 8512880 |
| high human malarial infectivity to laboratory-bred anopheles gambiae in a village in burkina faso. | the malarial infectivity of an african village population was tested by selecting a demographically representative sample of individuals for study, regardless of parasitemia or gametocytemia. the infectivity of this population people to laboratory-bred mosquitoes was investigated using membrane feeding techniques. tests on 322 subjects (greater than four years of age) indicated that approximately 48.4% were capable of infecting mosquitoes. there were similar proportions of infectious individuals ... | 1993 | 8517489 |
| malaria epidemiology in the province of moyen ogoov, gabon. | in the course of epidemiological and immunological baseline studies parasitological surveys were conducted, in 1992, in three localities situated in our near rain forest in the area of lambaréné, gabon, western central africa. anopheles gambiae s.s. and a. funestus are considered to be the main vectors of malaria. the three localities represent strata with obvious differences in the intensity of malaria transmission. the lowest parasite rates were recorded in the village around the albert-schwei ... | 1995 | 8525289 |
| naturally acquired concomitant infections of bancroftian filariasis and human plasmodia in orissa. | blood smears collected from fever cases for detection of malaria parasites during daytime showed concomitant infections of wuchereria bancrofti from 1989 to 1991 in bisra phc of district sundargarh, orissa. of the total 51,448 blood smears examined, 18,444 (35.84%) were positive for malaria parasites which comprised 3401 (18.44%) plasmodium vivax, 14,524 (78.75%) p. falciparum, 156 (0.84%) p. malariae and 363 (1.97%) mixed plasmodial infections. only 240 (0.46%) cases were positive for w. bancro ... | 1995 | 8549837 |
| parasitized erythrocyte membrane antigens of plasmodium brasilianum: relationships with the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | an antigen, designated here as the parasitized erythrocyte membrane antigen (pema), is present in the erythrocyte membrane surrounding all intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium brasilianum. an antibody specific for pema appeared in 21 (50%) of 42 antisera from saimiri sciureus monkeys naturally infected with p. brasilianum. of these 42 sera, nine (21.4%) contained antibody to the ring-infected erythrocyte membrane antigen (resa); of these nine sera, six did not react with pema. sera of humans i ... | 1995 | 8561264 |
| malaria in a rural area of sierra leone. ii. parasitological and related results from pre- and post-rains clinical surveys. | the prevalence of plasmodium falciparum in a cohort of over 900 nought to seven-year-old children living in a rural area of sierra leone was found to be approximately 61%, both before and after the rainy season. plasmodium malariae rates measured in the same children were approximately 12%, and p. ovale rates averaged about 1%. spleen rates averaged 44% for the two surveys; the age prevalence spleen profiles closely matched those for p. falciparum. the overall gametocyte rates for both p. falcip ... | 1993 | 8561520 |
| the use of the polymerase chain reaction for more sensitive detection of plasmodium falciparum. | the prevalence of plasmodium falciparum in children and adults living in a malaria-endemic area in papua new guinea was determined by microscopy and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the sensitivity of detecting p. falciparum infections increased two-fold with pcr. undetected infections by microscopy were more frequent in adults (including adolescents) than in children. detecting this subpatent parasitaemia by pcr resulted in an equal p. falciparum prevalence in children and adults; in childre ... | 1995 | 8571678 |
| a field trial of the parasight-f test for the diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum infection. | the rapid manual parasight-f test for plasmodium falciparum is an antigen capture test detecting trophozoite-derived histidine rich protein ii, is simple and provides a definitive diagnosis within 10 min. compared with 913 thick blood film examinations, the parasight-f test had 93.4% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity. compared with 520 blood samples within the same study examined with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction, the parasight-f test had 91.6% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity. the ... | 1996 | 8758063 |
| a seroprevalence and descriptive epidemiological study of malaria among indian tribes of the amazon basin of brazil. | data on the seroprevalences of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, and p. malariae in four isolated indian tribes of the amazon basin in brazil, as determined by ifat, were re-analysed. age-, sex- and tribe-specific geometric mean antibody titres and externally standardized prevalence ratios were calculated for each parasite species. correlation coefficients and prevalence odds ratios were also calculated for multiple infections with different combinations of the three plasmodium species. titres of ... | 1996 | 8762403 |
| a case of plasmodium malariae infection in the dooars region of west bengal, india. | | 1996 | 9014400 |
| atovaquone plus proguanil is an effective treatment for plasmodium ovale and p. malariae malaria. | | 1996 | 9015517 |
| high annual and seasonal variations in malaria transmission by anophelines and vector species composition in dielmo, a holoendemic area in senegal. | we conducted a three-year entomologic study in dielmo, a village of 250 inhabitants in a holoendemic area for malaria in senegal. anophelines were captured on human bait and by pyrethrum spray collections. the mosquitoes belonging to the anopheles gambiae complex were identified using the polymerase chain reaction. malaria vectors captured were an. funestus, an. arabiensis, and an. gambiae. anopheles funestus was the most abundant mosquito captured the first year, an. arabiensis in the following ... | 1997 | 9129525 |
| comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis (diptera:culicidae) in barkedji, a sahelian area of senegal. | the ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a sahelian village of senegal. anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. mosquitoes belonging to the an. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. of 26,973 females, an. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than an. gambiae after the rains terminated. there ... | 1997 | 9220672 |
| [biology of the vectors and transmission of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae and p. ovale in a village in the savanna of west africa (dielmo, senegal)]. | from april 1990 to march 1992 a longitudinal entomological study was carried out in dielmo village, senegal, an area of sudan-type savanna. mosquitoes were sampled by night-bite collections and pyretnrum spray collections. seven anopheles species were identified: an. gambiae s.s. an. arabiensis, an. funestus, an. pharoensis, an. rufipes, an. squamosus and an. ziemanni. present throughout the year, an. gambiae s.l. and an. funestus represented more than 98% of anopheles captured on man. a yearly ... | 1994 | 9235206 |
| mixed-species plasmodium infections of humans. | we analyzed point-prevalence data from 35 recent studies of human populations in which plasmodium falciparum and one other plasmodium species were the reported causes of malaria infections. for the p. falciparum-plasmodium vivax pair, higher overall prevalence in a human population is associated with fewer mixed-species infections than expected on the basis of the product of individual species prevalences. this is not true for p. falciparum-plasmodium malariae. | 1997 | 9267397 |
| antibodies anti bloodstream and circumsporozoite antigens (plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae/p. brasilianum) in areas of very low malaria endemicity in brazil. | during 1992-1994, 33 malaria cases were reported in two regions in brazil where few sporadic atypical cases occur, most of them in home owners, who are weekenders, while home caretakers live there permanently. indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), with plasmodium vivax, and enzime linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with repeat peptides of the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of the 3 known p. vivax variants and p. malarie/p. brasilianum, were performed on 277 sera, obtained within a 5 to 10 k ... | 1997 | 9332584 |
| pyronaridine for treatment of plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae infections. | the clinical efficacy of oral pyronaridine was assessed in 22 symptomatic cameroonian patients infected with plasmodium ovale or plasmodium malariae. all patients were cured on or before day 4. in vitro drug assays confirmed the sensitivity of p. ovale and p. malariae isolates to chloroquine and pyronaridine. | 1997 | 9333075 |
| plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, and p. malariae: a comparison of the active site properties of plasmepsins cloned and expressed from three different species of the malaria parasite. | aspartic endopeptidases (plasmepsins) have been implicated in the degradation of hemoglobin in the erythrocytic stage of infection by plasmodium falciparum. to develop new targets for drug development, these enzymes have been isolated and cloned, expressed, and studied structurally and enzymatically. this study expands this approach to two other species of the malarial parasite, p. vivax and p. malariae. expression of cloned genes from these species, utilizing methodology similar to that employe ... | 1997 | 9371083 |
| diagnosis of plasmodium malariae infection by the polymerase chain reaction. | | 1997 | 9373635 |
| infection of anopheles freeborni mosquitoes on new world monkeys infected with the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes fed during 85 primary and 26 recrudescent infections of the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in saimiri and aotus monkeys were examined for the presence of oocysts. of these, 42 primary and 14 recrudescent infections were infective. mosquitoes were more frequently infected when fed upon a. lemurinus griseimembra animals. a retrospective examination indicated the greatest mosquito infectivity occurred before the maximum parasite count. mosquito infection w ... | 1997 | 9406786 |
| transmission of mixed malaria species and strains by mosquitoes, as detected by pcr, in a study area in guinea-bissau. | parasites present in blood samples of asymptomatic carriers and in the midgut of mosquitoes collected within a few days from the same households, have been analysed by pcr. a high prevalence (32%) of infected mosquitoes was observed and, in half of these, two parasite species were found simultaneously. the distribution of parasite species in the mosquito correlated with that found in the infected persons. genotype patterns of plasmodium falciparum populations were however found to be different i ... | 1997 | 9419850 |
| plasmodium malariae infection in an asymptomatic 74-year-old greek woman with splenomegaly. | | 1998 | 9449730 |
| [a case of hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly]. | | 1997 | 9513164 |
| heterogeneity in the circumsporozoite protein gene of plasmodium malariae isolates from sub-saharan africa. | polymorphism of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of plasmodium malariae was characterized by comparing gene sequences of twelve field isolates obtained in yaoundé, cameroon, central africa, and one clinical isolate originating from côte d'ivoire, west africa. the length of the csp gene ranged from 1266 to 1302 bp. the size polymorphism was due to variation in the number of tandem repeat units. all p. malariae isolates displayed a highly conserved 5' non-repeat region. seven non-synonymous and ... | 1998 | 9574911 |
| plasmodium inui is not closely related to other quartan plasmodium species. | plasmodium inui (halberstaedter and von prowazek, 1907), a malarial parasite of old world monkeys that occurs in isolated pockets throughout the celebes, indonesia, malaysia, and the philippines, has traditionally been considered to be related more closely to plasmodium malariae of humans (and its primate counterpart plasmodium brasilianum), than to other primate plasmodium species. this inference was made in part because of the similarities in the periodicities or duration of the asexual cycle ... | 1998 | 9576499 |
| high prevalence of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale in malaria patients along the thai-myanmar border, as revealed by acridine orange staining and pcr-based diagnoses. | the prevalence of the four human malaria parasites was investigated among malaria patients at northern, central and southern towns in thailand along the border with myanmar between september 1995 and may 1996. thin smears obtained from 548 thai and burmese patients were reviewed by an acridine orange staining method, and many mixed infections with two to four species, including p. malariae and p. ovale, were detected. these diagnostic results were compared with those by two pcr-based diagnoses, ... | 1998 | 9623932 |
| [malaria surveys in a humid savannah region in côte d'ivoire]. | the purpose of this report is to describe six surveys carried out from march 1993 to march 1994 to assess seasonal variations in parasite indexes and malaria morbidity rates in children between the ages of 0 and 14 years living in the village of alloukoukro in the wet savannah region of cote d'ivoire. results demonstrated the presence of both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae. no case of infection only by plasmodium malriae was observed. parasite indexes were greater than 50% in all ... | 1998 | 9718556 |
| the role of four anopheline species (diptera: culicidae) in malaria transmission in coastal tanzania. | malaria is holoendemic in coastal tanzania with anopheles funestus and members of the a. gambiae complex being mainly responsible for transmission. over a 4 months' sampling period 2222 anopheline mosquitoes were collected using light-traps and indoor resting catches, of which 58.6% were a. gambiae, 7.6% a. arabiensis, 6.9% a. merus and 26.9% a. funestus. plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite antigen (csa) rates were: a. funestus 6.05% (n = 479), a. gambiae 8.4% (n = 1042), a. arabiensis 7.3% ( ... | 1998 | 9764318 |
| sequence variation in the small-subunit rrna gene of plasmodium malariae and prevalence of isolates with the variant sequence in sichuan, china. | by two pcr-based diagnostic methods, plasmodium malariae infections have been rediscovered at two foci in the sichuan province of china, a region where no cases of p. malariae have been officially reported for the last 2 decades. in addition, a variant form of p. malariae which has a deletion of 19 bp and seven substitutions of base pairs in the target sequence of the small-subunit (ssu) rrna gene was detected with high frequency. alignment analysis of plasmodium sp. ssu rrna gene sequences reve ... | 1998 | 9774600 |
| malaria epidemiology, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and human settlement in the vanuatu archipelago. | vanuatu is located at the southeast margin of the malarious band extending from southeast asia to eastern melanesia. we analysed the malaria situation on different islands of vanuatu, using passive case detection and malariometric survey data from 1985 to 1992, i.e. after the ddt residual programme ceased and before the impregnated bed-nets programme started on a larger scale. malaria was mainly hypo-mesoendemic but with hyperendemic spots in certain years and on some islands. the transmission w ... | 1998 | 9777715 |
| current status and prospects of malaria vaccines. | malaria is a parasitic disease caused by four plasmodium species infecting humans, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium malariae. the parasite is transmitted by the anopheles mosquitoes that flourish in warm climates. these vectors thus are present in many tourist areas of the world, including africa, asia, and south america. known in china, as far back as 2700 bc, malaria was controlled by medicinal plants or drugs. this was until drug resistance occurred, b ... | 1995 | 9815369 |
| [prevalence of malaria in the senegal river basin in 1991]. | in order to determine the prevalence of malaria and its epidemiological characteristics, a survey was carried out in 11 villages situated in all the basin of river senegal (b.r.s.). 3306 (0-14 years) children are examined. the results show that malaria is hypo-endemic in the b.r.s. with a plasmodic index of 8.6% and a splenic index of 9.9%. but these malariametric indexes change according to the areas visited. thus, malaria prevails at a hypo-endemic level in dagana and podor districts while at ... | 1997 | 9827125 |
| all four species of human malaria parasites form rosettes. | | 1998 | 9861369 |
| retrospective study of malaria cases treated in newcastle general hospital between 1990 and 1996. | malaria, in particular falciparum malaria, continues to pose a substantial risk to travelers to endemic areas. | 1998 | 9876194 |
| semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of human malaria parasites and evidence of plasmodium vivax infection in equatorial guinea. | a semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on the amplification of the sequences of the 18s small subunit ribosomal rna (ssrrna) gene was tested in a field trial in equatorial guinea (a hyperendemic focus of malaria in west central africa). the method uses a primary pcr amplification reaction with a universal reverse primer and two forward primers specific for the genus plasmodium and to mammals (the mammalian-specific primer was included as a positive control to distinguish ... | 1999 | 10072133 |
| [the proper use of antimalarial drugs currently available]. | french medical practitioners have at their disposal several antimalarial drugs for giving chemoprophylaxis to people travelling to a malaria endemic country or treating an imported malaria case in a patient. the choice depends on the contre-indications and indications of each drug, essentially subordinated to the presence and level of plasmodium falciparum chemosensitivity in the visited area. for prevention, chloroquine alone can be taken in the areas where p. falciparum is absent or not chloro ... | 1998 | 10078393 |
| multispecies plasmodium infections of humans. | we analyzed point-prevalence data from 19 recent studies of human populations in which either plasmodium ovale or plasmodium vivax co-occur with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae. although the only statistical interactions among, sympatric congeners are pairwise, the frequencies of mixed-species infections relative to standard hypotheses of species sampling independence show no strong relation to overall malaria prevalence. the striking difference between the p. falciparum-p. malaria ... | 1999 | 10207356 |
| [important parasitic nephropathies: update from the recent literature]. | renal involvement in parasitic infections are polymorphic. plasmodium malariae often leads to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis whereas acute tubular necrosis or post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis are observed with plasmodium falciparum. urogenital taxis of schistosoma haematobium is responsible for frequency of chronic tubular and interstitial nephritis. without specific treatment, the renal function progressively deteriorates and urological complications appear. schistosoma manson ... | 1999 | 10227026 |
| plasmodium malariae--a case report from district nainital, uttar pradesh. | | 1998 | 10319561 |
| increased frequency of th2-type cytokine-producing t cells in microfilaremic loiasis. | the frequency of cytokine-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed in 28 subjects with microfilaremic loiasis and in 14 amicrofilaremic individuals. in addition, a subgroup of seven microfilaremic individuals coinfected with plasmodium malariae was evaluated. by using flow cytometry for the intracellular detection of cytokines, a more pronounced t helper (th)2 cell-type response with the expansion of interleukin (il)-4, il-10, and il-13 expressing cd4+ cells in the microfilaremi ... | 1999 | 10348248 |
| the effect of delivery mechanisms on the uptake of bed net re-impregnation in kilifi district, kenya. | the results of recently completed trials in africa of insecticide-treated bed nets (itbn) offer new possibilities for malaria control. these experimental trials aimed for high itbn coverage combined with high re-treatment rates. whilst necessary to understand protective efficacy, the approaches used to deliver the intervention provide few indications of what coverage of net re-treatment would be under operational conditions. varied delivery and financing strategies have been proposed for the sus ... | 1999 | 10351466 |
| [treatment of malaria in the 19th and 20th centuries]. | | 1999 | 10367548 |
| the blood-stage dynamics of mixed plasmodium malariae-plasmodium falciparum infections. | we present the first mathematical model of the within-host dynamics of a mixed-species malaria infection in a human: the blood-stage population dynamics of a dual infection with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum. our results reproduce several important features of such infections in nature, including the asymmetry of species asexual-form densities, inter-specific suppression through interactions with the human immune system, and seasonal alternations in species prevalence. most impor ... | 1999 | 10373354 |
| rare quadruple malaria infection in irian jaya indonesia. | we report an exceptional finding from a blood slide collected in a remote area in the western half of new guinea island (irian jaya province, indonesia). one adolescent patient was found patently coinfected with all 4 known human malaria species, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. diagnostic erythrocytic stages of all 4 species were clearly seen in the peripheral blood. a nested polymerase chain reaction, using species-specific primer pairs to det ... | 1999 | 10386460 |
| karyotype and synteny among the chromosomes of all four species of human malaria parasite. | the karyotype and chromosomes of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have been well characterized in recent years. here we present karyotype maps of the three other human malaria species, p. vivax, p. malariae and p. ovale. chromosomes of these species were found to be of significantly higher molecular weight than those of p. falciparum. some 14 p. vivax chromosomes were distinguishable, and 12-14 p. malariae and p. ovale chromosomes. the chromosome location of 15 genes, known to be ... | 1999 | 10413040 |
| [the stubbornness of alphonse laveran]. | | 1999 | 10416343 |
| a retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with plasmodium falciparum in patients previously infected with heterologous species of plasmodium: effect on development of parasitologic and clinical immunity. | a retrospective examination was made to determine parasitemia and episodes of fever in 97 patients, previously infected with plasmodium malariae, p. ovale, and/or p. vivax, who were reinfected with p. falciparum for treatment of neurosyphilis, the standard treatment at the time. data were collected at the national institutes of health laboratories in columbia, south carolina and milledgeville, georgia during the period 1940 to 1963. results were compared with observations recorded for patients f ... | 1999 | 10432043 |
| high rate of mixed and subpatent malarial infections in southwest nigeria. | the rate of malarial parasitemia in children and adults was assessed by microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction in a holoendemic area in nigeria. a high rate of subpatent plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (19.6%) was found. plasmodium malariae and p. ovale infections were common in a rural area (26.1% and 14.8%) but were observed sporadically in individuals from an urban area. simultaneous infections with p. falciparum, p. malariae, and p. ovale were frequent in the rural area (11.7% triple ... | 1999 | 10463691 |
| how prevalent are plasmodium ovale and p. malariae in east asia? | plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae, two of the four human malaria parasites, are usually found at very low prevalence in east asia, even in areas with intense malaria transmission. in this article, fumihiko kawamoto, qing liu, marcelo ferreira and indah tantular review data obtained in recent field surveys, using alternative diagnostic methods such as acridine orange staining and pcr-based methods, to evaluate the prevalence of these two malaria species in east asia. they argue that these ... | 1999 | 10481157 |
| usefulness of seminested multiplex pcr in surveillance of imported malaria in spain. | the use of a new pcr-based method for the diagnosis of malaria in the spanish malaria reference laboratory has promoted an increase in confirmed cases of malaria. from august 1997 to july 1998, a total of 192 whole-blood samples and 71 serum samples from 168 patients were received from the hospitals of the spanish national health system. most of the patients came from west-central african countries (85%). this molecular method showed more sensitivity and specificity than microscopy, detecting 12 ... | 1999 | 10488189 |
| insecticide-treated curtains reduce the prevalence and intensity of malaria infection in burkina faso. | a large, randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of insecticide-treated curtains (itc) on child mortality was conducted in an area of seasonal, holoendemic malaria in burkina faso. 158 communities totalling some 90,000 people were censused and grouped into 16 geographical clusters, 8 of which were randomly selected to receive itc in june-july 1994, just prior to the rainy season. in september-october 1995, at the peak period of malaria transmission, a cross-sectional survey was con ... | 1999 | 10499079 |
| a comparison of thick smears, qbc malaria, pcr and path falciparum malaria test trip in plasmodium falciparum diagnosis. | blood samples from 182 patients presenting at the out-patient clinic in richard-toll. senegal were analysed by thick smear microscopy, the qbc, pcr and the new dipstick path malaria assay which detects the histidine rich protein ii antigen of plasmodium falciparum. thick smear microscopy was used as the reference method. sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative values were 100%, 83.6%, 93.4% and 100% qbc respectively; 100%, 72.7%, 89.4% and 100% for pcr; 96%, 92.7%, 96.8% and 9 ... | 1999 | 10511977 |
| spatial and temporal patterns of imported malaria cases and local transmission in trinidad. | over a 30-year period (1968-1997) 213 malaria cases in trinidad were investigated by the trinidad and tobago ministry of health. using a global positional system and a geographic information system, we mapped the precise location of all reported malaria cases, and associated them with breeding habitats of anopheline vectors. the majority of the cases (138, 63%) were individual imported cases around the big port cities. plasmodium falciparum was the most common parasite, and africa the most commo ... | 1999 | 10548282 |
| igg reactivities against recombinant rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rrap-1) are associated with mixed plasmodium infections and protection against disease in tanzanian children. | a cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was performed in magoda, tanzania, an area where malaria is holoendemic. blood samples were collected from children (1-4 years) and tested for igg antibody reactivity against 2 recombinant protein fragments of plasmodium falciparum rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rrap-1). the data were related to the prevalence of malarial disease and single p. falciparum or mixed plasmodium infections. fever (> or = 37.5 degrees c) in combination with parasite densitie ... | 1999 | 10581610 |
| cloning and characterization of iron-containing superoxide dismutase from the human malaria species plasmodium ovale, p. malariae and p. vivax. | the iron-containing superoxide dismutase (fesod) gene from three human malaria species, namely plasmodium ovale, p. malariae and p. vivax, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and then sequenced. comparisons of their deduced amino acid sequences with that of the fesod from p. falciparum revealed a very low polymorphism at the fesod locus in human malaria species. one p. ovale and the p. vivax fesod genes presented the same nucleotide sequence as that of the p. falciparum strain hb3 ... | 1999 | 10599926 |
| short communication: plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae infections in isolates from sickle cell gene carriers living in a hyperendemic area of gabon. | | 1999 | 10632997 |
| cross-species interactions between malaria parasites in humans. | the dynamics of multiple plasmodium infections in asymptomatic children living under intense malaria transmission pressure provide evidence for a density-dependent regulation that transcends species as well as genotype. this regulation, in combination with species- and genotype-specific immune responses, results in nonindependent, sequential episodes of infection with each species. | 2000 | 10657296 |
| factors influencing resistance to reinfection with plasmodium falciparum. | a treatment-reinfection study design was used to investigate the relationships between host immunologic and/or genetic factors and resistance to reinfection with plasmodium falciparum. sixty-one children in gabon were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to measure the prevalence of each human plasmodial species. all were given amodiaquine for radical cure of parasites, and 40 were subsequently followed-up for 30 weeks. successive blood smears were examined to measure the delay of reappearance in ... | 1999 | 10674672 |
| re-emergence of plasmodium malariae in trinidad, west indies. | a focus of plasmodium malariae infection has recently occurred on the island of trinidad, some 30 years after a successful eradication programme. examination of bloodsmears revealed 22 cases of p. malariae in the nariva-mayaro area of trinidad between august 1994 and september 1995. most (77%) of the cases were male and, as seven were aged < 25 years of age, it appeared that transmission had been renewed, probably by the vector anopheles bellator. however, none of the 3000 mosquitoes tested by e ... | 1999 | 10690242 |
| [malaria in the americas]. | in 1996, malaria involving plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, and, to a lesser extent, plasmodium malariae was endemic in 21 countries in the americas. the amazon river basin and bordering areas including the guyanas were the most affected zones. until the mid 1970s, endemic malaria appeared to be under control. however in the ensuing 15 year period, the situation deteriorated drastically. although trends varied depending on location, aggregate indexes indicated a twofold increase with rec ... | 1999 | 10701211 |
| concentrations of chloroquine and malaria parasites in blood in nigerian children. | consumption of chloroquine (cq) and subtherapeutic drug levels in blood are considered to be widespread in areas where malaria is endemic. a cross-sectional study was performed with 405 nigerian children to assess factors associated with the presence of cq in blood and to examine correlations of drug levels with malaria parasite species and densities. infections with plasmodium species and parasite densities were determined by microscopy and pcr assays. whole-blood cq concentrations were measure ... | 2000 | 10722478 |
| malariometric update for the rainforest and savanna of ashanti region, ghana. | the epidemiological features of human infection with plasmodium were studied in a community-based survey of 35 villages in the ashanti region of ghana. the overall prevalences of malarial parasitaemia in subjects aged > or = 2 years were 50.72% in forest areas and 49.72% in savanna. plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species everywhere, followed by p. malariae in the savanna and p. ovale in the forest. the highest prevalence of asexual parasitaemia (of any species) occurred in the younges ... | 2000 | 10723520 |
| monkeys of the rainforest in french guiana are natural reservoirs for p. brasilianum/p. malariae malaria. | monkey blood samples were collected from 214 monkeys relocated as part of the wildlife rescue organized in french guiana during the filling of the petit saut dam on the sinnamary river. these samples were tested for malaria parasites by microscopy of thick blood filsm and by nested pcr for small subunit rrna genes (ssurrna). parasitic blood forms similar to plasmodium brasilianum were detected in 4 monkey species: alouatta seniculus macconnelli, saguinus midas midas, pithecia pithecia and ateles ... | 2000 | 10726261 |
| malaria "unleished". | | 2000 | 10747328 |
| malaria infections in japan. | | 1999 | 10808257 |
| [current epidemiology of parasitic diseases and tick-borne encephalitis in the lvov region]. | | 2000 | 10808720 |
| random distribution of mixed species malaria infections in papua new guinea. | plasmodium falciparum (pf), p. vivax (pv), p. malariae (pm), and p. ovale (po) infections are endemic in coastal areas of papua new guinea. here 2,162 individuals living near dreikikir, east sepik province, have been analyzed for complexity of malaria infection by blood smear and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnoses. according to blood smear, the overall prevalence of plasmodium infection was 0.320. most individuals (0.283) were infected with a single species only. the prevalence of mixed s ... | 2000 | 10813477 |
| reactivation of plasmodium malariae infection in a trinidadian man after neurosurgery. | | 2000 | 10877649 |
| [congenital malaria due to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae]. | increasing tourism and growing numbers of immigrants from malaria-endemic countries are leading to a higher importation rate of rare tropical disorders in european countries. we describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of connatal malaria in austria. the patient is the first child of a 24 year old mother who was born in ghana and immigrated to austria one and a half years before delivery. she did not stay in an endemic region during this period and did not show fever or any other s ... | 2000 | 10890139 |
| [the malaria situation in turkey]. | turkey is the last country in the temperate zone on the edge of the european continent in which malaria is prevalent at endemic and occasionally epidemic proportions. malaria was the most significant vector borne disease constituting a serious healthy problem until it was suppressed in 1965. following the establishment of malaria eradication program in 1957 which began operation in 1960 after many years of malaria control, the incidence of malaria decreased annually and the stricken areas became ... | 2000 | 10900916 |
| frequent umbilical cord-blood and maternal-blood infections with plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, and p. ovale in kenya. | the prevalence of malaria infection in 102 paired maternal-blood and umbilical cord-blood samples was assessed by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in a holoendemic area in kenya. plasmodium falciparum single-species infection was detected in maternal peripheral blood (3.4%), whereas microscopy indicated that no plasmodium species were in cord blood. in contrast, maternal-blood samples showed a pcr prevalence of 48% for p. falciparum, 25% for p. malariae, and 24% for p. ovale, and c ... | 2000 | 10915089 |
| comparison between anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) caught using different methods in a malaria endemic area of papua new guinea. | the mosquito sampling efficiency of cdc (centers for disease control) miniature light traps hung adjacent to mosquito nets, was compared with that of both indoor and outdoor human-bait collections in ten villages in the wosera area of papua new guinea. the most frequently collected anopheline in the matched indoor and light trap samples was anopheles koliensis owen, followed by a. punctulatus dönitz, a. karwari (james), a. farauti laveran (sensu lato), a. longirostris brug and a. bancroftii gile ... | 2000 | 10996862 |
| malaria in a trinidadian man. | | 2000 | 11023401 |
| malaria in a trinidadian man. | | 2000 | 11023402 |
| malarial acute renal failure. | | 2000 | 11053494 |
| canadian recommendations for the prevention and treatment of malaria among international travellers. committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel catmat), laboratory for disease control. | | 2000 | 11055082 |
| how prevalent is plasmodium malariae in rondônia, western brazilian amazon? | we have compared results of plasmodium species identification obtained with conventional on-site microscopy of giemsa-stained thick smears (gts) and a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 96 malaria patients from rondônia, western brazilian amazon. mixed-species infections were detected by pcr in 30% patients, but no such case had been found on gts. moreover, p. malariae infections were detected in 9 of 96 patients (10%) by pcr, but were not identified by local microscopists. the poten ... | 2000 | 11064586 |
| age- and species-specific duration of infection in asymptomatic malaria infections in papua new guinea. | the burden and duration of asymptomatic malaria infections were measured in residents of the malaria endemic village of gonoa, madang province, papua new guinea. plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae infections in people aged 4 years to adulthood were compared. frequent sampling at 3-day intervals for up to 61 days allowed assessment of individual episodes of infection. statistical assessment of p. falciparum detection revealed a periodicity consistent with synchronous replication of t ... | 2000 | 11085245 |
| failure of the 'pan-malarial' antibody of the ict malaria p.f/p.v immunochromatographic test to detect symptomatic plasmodium malariae infection. | | 2000 | 11132380 |
| the potential utility of the semi-nested multiplex pcr technique for the diagnosis and investigation of congenital malaria. | we report three cases of congenital malaria involving two malarial immune mothers living in spain. diagnostic pcr and genotyping pcr for merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 were essential to show that mothers and new-borns had different plasmodium population parasites at the moment of the delivery, and that the infection was acquired earlier in gestation by transplacental transmission. in the first case the plasmodium species founded in both, mother and child were different. malaria in the twins ... | 2000 | 11146249 |