| leishmania (viannia) lainsoni: first isolation in peru. | surveys were conducted from 1986 through 1992 to define the etiology and geographic distribution of human leishmaniasis in peru. lesion aspirates and skin biopsies were obtained from clinically diagnosed cases of leishmaniasis and tested for promastigotes by standard culture techniques. the isozyme profile of the isolates was determined by the cellulose acetate electrophoresis technique. data indicated that the isozyme profiles for leishmania isolates from six patients were similar to that of re ... | 1994 | 7985744 |
| coexistence of two species of leishmania in the digestive tract of the vector lutzomyia ovallesi. | leishmania isolated from the digestive tract of a naturally infected lutzomyia ovallesi sand fly were cultured in blood agar for rapid growth, cloning, and subsequent identification through schizodeme analysis, dot-blot hybridization, use of monoclonal antibodies with various specificities and absorbed polyclonal antibodies. twenty-three clones isolated from the primary culture were identified. the results showed that parasites belonging to some clones corresponded to the l. mexicana complex, wh ... | 1994 | 7985760 |
| isolation of bis-indole alkaloids with antileishmanial and antibacterial activities from peschiera van heurkii (syn. tabernaemontana van heurkii). | extracts from leaves and stem bark of peschiera van heurkii (muell. arg.) l. allorge (syn. tabernaemontana van heurkii muell. arg., apocynaceae) have been assayed for antileishmanial and antibacterial activities. the activities were concentrated in the alkaloid fractions which yielded 20 indole and bisindole alkaloids. the strongest leishmanicidal and antibacterial activities were observed with the dimeric alkaloids conodurine (1), n-demethylconodurine (= gabunine) (2), and conoduramine (3). wea ... | 1994 | 7997477 |
| cd23 and ige expression during the human immune response to cutaneous leishmaniasis: possible role in monocyte activation. | leishmania brasiliensis causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in humans. during this infection, a variety of inflammatory mediators are produced by t cells and monocytes/macrophages. in the present study, we analysed serum ige levels and their correlation with in situ expression of the low affinity receptor for ige (fc epsilon rii/cd23) in patients infected with l. brasiliensis before and following therapy. these analyses were compared to in situ expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alp ... | 1994 | 8008965 |
| efficacy of a short course (10 days) of high-dose meglumine antimonate with or without interferon-gamma in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in guatemala. | sixty-six guatemalan men with parasitologically confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis, due most commonly to leishmania braziliensis, were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatment regimens: meglumine antimonate (meglumine) for 20 days; meglumine for 10 days; and meglumine for 10 days plus alternate-day injections of interferon-gamma. in each group, meglumine was given intravenously as 20 mg of antimony/(kg of body weight.d). all treatment regimens were associated with similar response rate ... | 1994 | 8011819 |
| clinical and immunopathological aspects of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the clinico-pathological and immunological findings in eight patients from bahia, brazil with disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis are described. this condition differs from anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) and from classical american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). the number of lesions in these patients ranged from 75 to 800 and were characterized by papules and an acneiform type of lesion with a few ulcers rather than nodules that are the main characteristic of dcl. on the other h ... | 1994 | 8023755 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in ceara state in northeastern brazil: incrimination of lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) as a vector of leishmania braziliensis in baturite municipality. | baturite is an important endemic zone of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of ceara, where an entomologic survey has been carried out to obtain information about transmission of the disease. from october 1989 through august 1991, natural infections with flagellates were detected in 34 of 3,000 lutzomyia whitmani, five of 1,667 lu. migonei, three of 5,278 lu. wellcomei, one of 646 lu. shannoni, and one of 21 lu. evandroi. thirty-five infections were peripylarian (i.e., behind the pylo ... | 1994 | 8024061 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis: in situ characterization of the cellular immune response with time. | the cellular nature of the infiltrate in the skin of patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis was characterized by immunohistochemistry. the study population consisted of patients in ceara, brazil, an area where leishmania braziliensis is endemic. biopsies were taken from lesions present for 0.5-4 months duration and sections were stained with antibodies to t cells, t cell subsets, b cells, and macrophage markers to quantitate these cell types. the t cells accounted for 37.0 +/- 7.6% (mean ... | 1994 | 8024068 |
| natural leishmania infection of lutzomyia spp. in peru. | natural infection of lutzomyia spp. with leishmania was studied with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in chaute, lima, perú, a locality endemic for andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (uta). the pcr, with primers specific for the l. braziliensis complex, was applied to sandfly pools. sandflies were sampled from april 1990 to may 1991 with cdc light traps in homes, and from near homes with a shannon trap using protected human bait. lu. verrucarum (4 pools) and lu. peruenis (2 pools) from ... | 1994 | 8036658 |
| eustachian tube blockage with consequent middle ear infection in mucosal leishmaniasis. | | 1994 | 8073152 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis l(v)b in três braços, bahia-brazil. | brazilian mucosal leishmaniasis is briefly reviewed, emphasis being given to recent advances clinical management. patients continue to occupy much hospital bed space and in some cases are notoriously difficult to treat. indefinite follow up is recommended. many aspects of the aetiology remain mysterious although leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the most common organism isolated. perspectives for a more effective treatment, oral and cheap, are still remote. | 1994 | 8073158 |
| [the therapy of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]. | | 1994 | 8076505 |
| does lipophosphoglycan enhance the t cell-stimulatory activity of lipophosphoglycan-associated proteins? | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 13 american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) patients and two healthy controls were tested in in vitro proliferative response assays with crude lipophosphoglycan (lpg), purified lpg, lpg-associated proteins (lpgap) and synthetic lpgap from l. donovani. cells from another group of six atl patients were similarly tested with lpgap obtained from l. major. l. major lpgap was more stimulatory than l. donovani lpgap. crude lpg from l. donovani was signific ... | 1994 | 8081281 |
| [intracellular calcium homeostasis. calmodulin and ca(2+)-atpase of the plasma membrane of trypanosomatids]. | the intracellular ca2+ concentration in all eukaryotic cells so far studied is 4 orders of magnitude lower than in the extracellular milieu. in trypanosomatids, the intracellular concentration of this cation is around 50 nm, even lower than in higher eukaryotics. this differential concentration is maintained by diverse transport systems at the plasma membrane level and at certain intracellular organelles. in the case of trypanosomatids it have been identified the presence of an electrophoretic u ... | 1993 | 8085408 |
| leishmania braziliensis in blood 30 years after cure. | | 1993 | 8098463 |
| ecology of sandflies in a recent focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in paraty, littoral of rio de janeiro state (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae). | | 1993 | 8107595 |
| relationships between cell surface protease and acid phosphatase activities of leishmania promastigote. | a correlation between the ratio of the cell surface protease activity to phosphatase activity and the complexity of the pattern of cell surface exposed polypeptides of leishmania promastigotes was demonstrated for various strains grown under similar conditions. the ratio of the cell surface protease activity to acid phosphatase activity was high for l. major and l.b. panamensis and it correlates with the expression of a single polypeptide of 63 kda on their cell surface. intermediate and lower r ... | 1993 | 8114687 |
| [accidental cutaneous leishmaniasis]. | the authors report the 3rd case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to accidental contamination of a student of biological sciences during laboratory research. the inoculation occurred when amastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis from infected hamsters were injected in healthy animals. at this stage, the student had her glove bitten by a healthy hamster and the infection was probably conveyed by the direct contact of the inoculum with the skin. | 1993 | 8115802 |
| [outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in itaporanga, são paulo (brazil)]. | an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a small rural settlement, located in the southern of são paulo state-brazil was observed. this region has basic agricultural activities, and has no forests. two hundred and thirty one persons were evaluated, and the following aspects were observed. 1) 67 individuals (29%) had skin lesions, confirmed by histopathologic study and the montenegro skin test; 2) of these cases, 40 (59.7%) were males; 3) the youngest patients were 2 years (5 cases), and the old ... | 1993 | 8115812 |
| the identity of leishmania isolated from sand flies and vertebrate hosts in a major focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in baturite, northeastern brazil. | during a field investigation carried out in baturite, brazil from 1989 to 1991, sand flies, sympatric rodents, domestic dogs and humans were surveyed for leishmaniasis. twenty strains of leishmania were isolated by in vitro culture from lutzomyia whitmani, three strains were obtained from rattus rattus, two strains from dogs, and five strains from humans. the isolates were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis by hybridization with kinetoplast dna-specific probes. all the samples were ident ... | 1994 | 8116807 |
| [disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania viannia braziliensis in the state of maranhão, brazil]. | the authors describe a case of a patient from barreirinhas, ma with disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, who presented 58 lesions spread all over his body, with many different aspects, but ulcerative lesions were predominant. they discuss the difficulty of laboratory diagnosis in the beginning of the investigation and its therapeutics implications. the parasite isolated was identified as leishmania viannia braziliensis using monoclonal antibodies in the fluorescent antibody test. this form of t ... | 1993 | 8128071 |
| antileishmanial activity of a tetralone isolated from ampelocera edentula, a bolivian plant used as a treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the stem bark of ampelocera edentula kuhlm. (ulmaceae) is used by the chimanes indians from bolivia for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan leishmania braziliensis. a chloroform extract of the stem barks was found to be active against extracellular forms of leishmania ssp. and trypanosoma cruzi at 50 micrograms/ml. bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract allowed us to isolate one active compound. its structure was elucidated by spectral and chemical studies as ... | 1994 | 8134421 |
| development of colombian isolates of leishmania (viannia) panamensis, le. (v.) guyanensis and le. (v.) braziliensis in the sandfly lutzomyia intermedia (lutz & neiva, 1912) under experimental conditions. | the development of colombian leishmania species of the subgenus viannia in lutzomyia intermedia was similar to that observed with brazilian le. (v.) braziliensis: colonization of the pylorus by paramastigotes; promastigotes in the midgut and massive infection of stomodeal valve. difference was observed in the number of paramastigotes colonizing the pylorus, which was smaller in colombian leishmania species than brazilian le. braziliensis. | 1993 | 8139462 |
| human cutaneous leishmaniasis due to a new enzymatic variant of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis occurring in pernambuco, brazil. | | 1993 | 8139470 |
| delayed hypersensitivity skin-test using leishvacin for epidemiological survey of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in a rural area of minas gerais state, brazil. | | 1993 | 8139471 |
| [an evaluation of the effect of a bark extract from the cashew (anacardium occidentale l.) on infection by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis]. | this paper presents an evaluation of the therapeutic effect of an hydroalcoholic extract of a. occidentale l. bark against leishmania (viannia) brasiliensis. the extract showed high activity in the in vitro model against the promastigotes of this species. however in the in vivo model no curative activity was observed. | 1993 | 8146389 |
| [lymphadenopathies in american cutaneous leishmaniasis: comments on 2 cases]. | two patients, with cervical lymphadenopathies and a presumptive diagnosis of lymphoma or scrofula, were submitted to biopsies of the affected lymph nodes. unexpectedly, the histological picture revealed a necrotic-granulomatous reaction and the presence of leishmania (amastigotes) in some vacuolated macrophages. the patients were from different endemic areas of leishmaniasis in brazil, and had no perceptible cutaneous or mucosal lesions. later, however, one of them developed such lesions, probab ... | 1993 | 8146393 |
| a general classification of new world leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy. | more than 250 strains of leishmania isolated from different localities and hosts in the new world were analyzed by enzyme electrophoresis, and their electromorphic profiles were compared with 19 reference strains representing most of the described species of this parasite. the 18 enzymic loci analyzed were very polymorphic, and the strains were classified into 44 zymodemes, each grouping strains with the same enzyme profiles. each zymodeme was considered as an elementary taxon and the phenetic a ... | 1994 | 8147488 |
| vector competence of some neotropical sandflies for the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex. | to evaluate the vector competence of some lutzomyia spp. (diptera: psychodidae) for leishmania (viannia) spp. (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), experimental infections of anthropophilic sandflies from the colombian pacific coast were performed, through membrane feeding and xenodiagnosis on hamsters infected with le. (v.)braziliensis or le. (v.)panamensis. wild-caught or f1 generation females of lutzomyia gomezi, lu. hartmanni, lu.panamensis and lu.trapidoi were allowed to feed on hamster lesio ... | 1994 | 8161835 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in tachira state, venezuela. | cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniases are widely spread in the mountainous andean regions of south america. in venezuela, these regions consist of the coffee-growing states of trujillo, merida and tachira. entomological and parasitological investigations in three geographically different climatic zones (lomas bajas, delicias and la grita) in tachira state have shown a predominance of the sandfly species lutzomyia spinicrassa (verrucarum group) and two leishmania species, leishmania mexicana ... | 1994 | 8192512 |
| marmosets in new world leishmaniasis research. | in leishmaniasis, the search for a suitable experimental animal model is highly recommended, especially in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (l. (v) b) research. diverse species of neotropical primates have increasingly been used as experimental hosts of leishmania. this article describes aspects of parasite l(v)b and marmoset, callithrix penicillata (primates, callithricidae), interaction and summarizes the biology of parasitism in this primate model. results of recent studies on primary infect ... | 1993 | 8201929 |
| binding of c-reactive protein to leishmania. | | 1994 | 8206251 |
| [canine leishmaniasis in paraná state, southern brazil]. | | 1993 | 8209172 |
| leishmania (viannia) panamensis-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in balb/c mice: pathology. | leishmania (viannia) panamensis infected balb/c mice developed a progressive swelling in the injected footpad that grew to a tumour-like lesion from day 80 onwards. we did not observe any typical ulcera, necrosis or metastasis to other parts of the skin. neither did we observe any histopathological changes in liver or spleen during the experiment. at the site of injection, we observed progressive changes ranging from a moderate, mixed inflammatory infiltrate with few leishmania amastigotes in th ... | 1993 | 8217783 |
| metacyclogenesis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in vitro: evidence that lentil lectin is a marker of complement resistance and enhanced infectivity. | axenic culture in modified grace's medium was used to induce metacyclogenesis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in vitro. morphological characteristics, lectin agglutination profiles, susceptibility to complement lysis, and infectivity in vivo were compared between metacyclic promastigotes and promastigotes in mid-log phase growth. short, arrow-like promastigotes and round, oval promastigotes were defined as putative metacyclic forms on the basis of being highly motile and free swimming, with ... | 1993 | 8236409 |
| antigenic analysis of leishmania isolates from tachira state, venezuela. | studies of cutaneous leishmaniasis in 3 endemic foci in tachira state, western venezuela have revealed sympatric populations of parasites causing both cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease. immunological techniques and measurement of protease/acid phosphatase activities have been used to detect species-specific parasite antigens from 3 isolates from tachira. identified antigens of particular interest had molecular masses of 100, 82, 66, 50 and 27 kda, but there was a high degree of heterogeneity b ... | 1993 | 8249092 |
| molecular karyotype variation in leishmania (viannia) peruviana: indication of geographical populations in peru distributed along a north-south cline. | forty-one leishmania peruviana isolates were selected along a north-south transect which crossed areas endemic for uta in three different biogeographical regions in the peruvian andes. the isolates were analysed by molecular karyotyping and hybridization with three chromosome-derived dna probes. all the isolates could be distinguished from l. braziliensis by their plb-134 hybridization patterns. however, the patterns with the other probes (plb-168 and -22) could be used to cluster the peruvian i ... | 1993 | 8250624 |
| heterogeneity of cysteine proteinases in leishmania braziliensis and leishmania major. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) with acrylamide copolymerized with gelatin (substrate-sds-page) was used to compare promastigote proteinases from two leishmania species (l. braziliensis and l. major-like). substrate-sds-page resolved at least 6 distinct proteinase activities with relative molecular masses between 20 and 65 kda. the profile of proteinase activity was the same for both species, although qualitative differences were observed. l. major-like expre ... | 1993 | 8257917 |
| antimonial treatment of hamsters infected with leishmania (viannia) panamensis: assessment of parasitological cure with different therapeutic schedules. | the objective of the study was to establish the effective dose and route of administration of glucantime for treating hamsters infected with leishmania (viannia) panamensis and to use this method to test new treatment regimens to attain clinical and parasitological cure. in the first experiments animals were inoculated subcutaneously in the hind foot with 5 x 10(6) promastigotes of l. panamensis (hom/col/84/1099) from a 6 d culture. one month after inoculation, glucantime was administered intram ... | 1993 | 8266413 |
| leishmaniasis recidiva cutis in american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis recidiva cutis (lrc) consists of active lesions around or inside the scar of classical cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). in the literature it is considered as an hyperergic form of cl because the patients show a strong response to intradermal testing with leishmania antigen and, histologically, the parasites are scarce or absent; a well-organized granuloma is always observed. | 1993 | 8270337 |
| hyperbaric hyperoxia enhances the lethal effects of amphotericin b in leishmania braziliensis panamensis. | leishmania braziliensis panamensis promastigotes were exposed in vitro to amphotericin b (amb), menadione, or phenazine methosulfate under normoxic conditions. promastigotes were also exposed to hyperoxia alone (100% o2 at total pressures of 101.3 or 253.3 kpa), or combined with drugs. after incubation for 24 h at 27 degrees c, viable promastigotes were stained with fluorescein diacetate and counted using epifluorescence microscopy. hyperbaric hyperoxia alone (po2 = 229.3 kpa) was as effective a ... | 1993 | 8286986 |
| leishmania braziliensis causing visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, identified with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction. | this study describes a male patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection, grade iv-c (oropharyngeal moniliasis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), associated with visceral involvement produced by leishmania braziliensis which was identified by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization after the polymerase chain reaction had been performed. the patient was treated with molgramostim in association with meglumine antimonate to enhance macrophage destruction of parasites. | 1993 | 8296358 |
| human monocyte infection by leishmania (viannia) panamensis. role of complement receptors and correlation of susceptibility in vitro with clinical phenotype. | peripheral blood monocytes (pbms) from healthy individuals who had experienced distinctive clinical outcomes after natural infection with leishmania (viannia) were evaluated in vitro with respect to susceptibility to infection by stationary phase promastigotes of l. (v). panamensis. concomitantly, the role of complement receptors (cr) cr1 and cr3 in the attachment and entry of l. (v). panamensis into human monocytes was analyzed using mabs to cr1 (cd35) and cr3 (cd11b) to inhibit competitively t ... | 1994 | 8301130 |
| detection of leishmania rna virus 1 proteins. | polyclonal antiserum was raised against the peak viral fraction of a sucrose gradient from lrv1-4-infected cells and used in western immunoblot analysis to identify viral proteins from various isolates. consistent with this result, in vitro-translated protein from cloned rna was immunoprecipitated with the same antiserum. the putative capsid at times appeared as a doublet; relative amounts of the two species varied, depending on the method of purification. | 1993 | 8350417 |
| [epidemiological, clinical and biological features of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in bolivia after a 221 patient sample]. | the authors present a clinical, biological and epidemiological study of 221 cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis observed in bolivia between january 1990 and april 1991. the patients exhibited cutaneous lesions in 136 cases and mucous involvement in 85 cases. it is stressed on the severity of the disease in bolivia. | 1993 | 8353467 |
| epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: a longitudinal study of the natural history, prevalence, and incidence of infection and clinical manifestations. | this prospective study measured the incidence of leishmania infection, by leishmanin skin test (lst) conversion, and leishmaniasis, by new acquisition of lesions, in a leishmania braziliensis endemic area of colombia, during 7243 person-years. the incidence rate of infection and leishmaniasis varied greatly by village, ranging from 2.8 to 23.0/100 person-years and 0.0 to 20.4/1000 person-years, respectively. adult males experienced greater rates of both infection and leishmaniasis. most primary ... | 1993 | 8354912 |
| epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: environmental and behavioral risk factors for infection, clinical manifestations, and pathogenicity. | through a longitudinal, active surveillance for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (viannia) panamensis infection and lesions on the pacific coast of colombia, risk factors for infection (leishmanin skin test conversion), leishmanial lesions, and pathogenicity were examined. risk factor information was obtained prior to and independently of case ascertainment. similar factors were associated with acquisition of infection and of leishmaniasis, including male sex, age > 10 years, and ... | 1993 | 8354913 |
| leishmania (viannia) panamensis-specific ige and iga antibodies in relation to expression of human tegumentary leishmaniasis. | leishmania (viannia) panamensis-specific ige and iga antibodies were quantified in patients with parasitologically confirmed american tegumentary leishmaniasis using a radioallergosorbent test (rast) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), respectively. the rast values, presented as the mean +/- sem percentage of total isotope added, were significantly elevated in patients having disease evolution greater than 12 months (3.14 +/- 0.91), as compared with those with an evolution time of ... | 1993 | 8357080 |
| karyotype polymorphism and conserved characters in the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex explored with chromosome-derived probes. | molecular karyotype of 45 reference populations of neotropical leishmanias was analyzed with ethidium bromide staining and with 6 chromosome-derived probes selected from a genomic library of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. size-conserved patterns were identified and found to be specific to subgenus viannia and to its constitutive species. an important issue for epidemiology and clinical investigations was the discrimination between l. (v.) peruviana and l. (v.) braziliensis, 2 species found v ... | 1993 | 8368887 |
| antigen-reactive gamma delta t cells in human leishmaniasis. | the importance of ag-specific gamma delta t lymphocytes in human immune responses to pathogenic organisms is unknown. in the present study the expression of gamma delta tcr on t lymphocytes from patients with cutaneous, mucosal, or visceral leishmaniasis was examined. all of these patient groups had elevated levels of gamma delta t cells in peripheral blood. patients' gamma delta t cells included cd8+ as well as null cells. the percentage of t cells expressing gamma delta tcr was increased signi ... | 1993 | 8376802 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in british troops from belize. | the medical records of 306 british soldiers in whom a clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis had been made following a tour of duty in belize were analysed. parasitological confirmation of the diagnosis was established in 187 cases; leishmania were cultured in 117 cases and leishman-donovan bodies were identified histologically in a further 70 cases. leishmania braziliensis braziliensis was identified in 78 cases and leishmania mexicana mexicana in a further 29 cases. seventy-one per cent ... | 1993 | 8381299 |
| diagnosis of leishmania using the polymerase chain reaction: a simplified procedure for field work. | oligonucleotide primers directed to the minicircle kinetoplast dna of leishmania strains supported enzymatic amplification of this dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a single product of 70 basepairs was obtained from parasites belonging exclusively to the l. braziliensis complex. direct sequencing of the amplified product confirmed its minicircle origin. skin biopsy specimens from human patients were used directly for the pcr. a pulse incubation of such specimens with deoxyribonuclease ... | 1993 | 8396860 |
| [the virulence, metacyclogenesis and respiratory enzymes of leishmania isolated in culture from laboratory animals]. | it has been shown that an increase of virulence of leishmania major, l. tropica, l. braziliensis as a result of passing through animals and its decrease during the cultivation are accompanied by certain changes of biochemical characteristics of these promastigotes. in the former case the activity of nadp-h-diaphorase and peroxidase of promastigotes and their ability to be transformed into final (invasional) metacyclic forms increase and in the latter case these characteristics decrease. the leve ... | 1993 | 8414649 |
| identification of two distinct cysteine proteinase genes of leishmania pifanoi axenic amastigotes using the polymerase chain reaction. | a developmentally regulated cysteine proteinase associated with an unique lysosomal organelle, the megasome, has been described for the intracellular amastigotes of the leishmania mexicana complex; this proteinase appears to be important in the survival of the parasite. degenerate primers encoding the active sites residues have been used to amplify cysteine proteinase cdna sequences from axenically cultured amastigotes of leishmania pifanoi, a member of the l. mexicana complex. based on sequence ... | 1993 | 8426606 |
| uptake and metabolism of s-adenosyl-l-methionine by leishmania mexicana and leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. | promastigotes of leishmania mexicana and leishmania braziliensis incorporate s-adenosyl-l-[3h-methyl]methionine (adomet) against a concentration gradient through a saturable system. this concentrative uptake requires metabolic energy and is sensitive to temperature and sulfhydryl reagents such as n-ethyl maleimide. intracellular adomet exchanges with external adomet. at steady state, unaltered adomet in the intracellular pool is at about a 1800-fold concentration in relation to that found in the ... | 1993 | 8459824 |
| induction and modulation of the immune response to leishmania by montenegro's skin test. | the intradermal inoculation in naive or in previously sensitized individuals of small amounts of leishmania extract (montenegro's skin test) induced or modulated, respectively, the immune response to leishmania, as assessed by subsequent montenegro's skin tests. these phenomena could hinder the interpretation of montenegro's skin tests in a population already subjected to the test in the past and, in addition, could affect in an unknown way the development of mucosal lesions in people infected w ... | 1993 | 8465411 |
| cytokine patterns in the pathogenesis of human leishmaniasis. | the host response to infection appears to be regulated by specific patterns of local cytokine production. in the mouse, resistance to many pathogens including leishmania is associated with a th1 cytokine profile, il-2 and ifn-gamma; whereas susceptibility to infection is associated with production of th2 cytokines, il-4, il-5, and il-10. to determine the cytokine patterns of the local immune response to leishmania infection in humans, we used the polymerase chain reaction to compare cytokine mrn ... | 1993 | 8473490 |
| nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive but often unrecognized syndrome. | to describe nodular lymphangitis by reviewing the clinical and epidemiologic features of this disease with an emphasis on distinguishing specific etiologic agents. | 1993 | 8480962 |
| mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: a clinicopathologic classification. | leishmaniasis, a chronic parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomus sandflies, affects millions of patients. mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania brasiliensis is endemic in much of south america. | 1993 | 8496456 |
| outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rio doce valley, minas gerais, brazil. | | 1994 | 8524056 |
| leishmania braziliensis: isolation of carbohydrate-containing antigen and possibility of its use in the immunodiagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmania braziliensis is a causative agent of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). the 034-jcg strain, isolated from a patient from the northern region of paraná state, brazil, was cultivated in blood agar base medium, lyophilized and submitted to phenol-water extraction. the extract was treated with rnase i. the carbohydrate containing-antigen (ag-cho) was immunogenic to rabbits and showed at least a fraction with some negative charge at ph 8.2. this antigen showed cross-reactivity with th ... | 1995 | 8525271 |
| [leishmania braziliensis: isolation from lesions by inoculation of hamsters with and without addition of salivary gland lysate from lutzomyia youngi]. | homogenized biopsy tissue from the cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions of 50 patients from trujillo, venezuela, were inoculated subcutaneously into the tarsi of male hamsters. homogenized tissue either alone or mixed with salivary gland lysates of lutzomyia youngi were used for inoculation. homogenized tissue alone yielded 58.5% of infections with a mean of twelve weeks for prepatency, while those mixed with sandfly lysate resulted in 92% of infections with a mean prepatency of three weeks. | 1995 | 8525308 |
| visceral leishmaniasis due to a leishmania variant that shares kinetoplast dna sequences with leishmania braziliensis and leishmania mexicana in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus: identification of the leishmania species with use of the polymerase chain reaction. | | 1995 | 8527582 |
| putative leishmania hybrids in the eastern andean valley of huanuco, peru. | during an outbreak of tegumentary leishmaniasis that developed in the 1990s in the eastern andean valley of huanuco, peru, the coexistence of andean (uta) and sylvatic leishmaniases was suspected for ecological and geographical reasons, and sympatric sampling was carried out. seven human isolates of leishmania were characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, random amplification of polymorphic dna and molecular karyotyping. the three methods identified 3 isolates as l. braziliensis, and ... | 1995 | 8533665 |
| the development of species of leishmania ross, 1903 in lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). | the development of four isolates of leishmania from foci of american cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied in lutzomyia longipalpis. the suggestion that the differences in the development of the leishmania in the invertebrate host are of great taxonomic significance was confirmed. the pattern of development of three strains was typical of parasites of the subgenus leishmania, the other was similar to leishmania of the subgenus viannia. the identification of the strains using other criteria is in a ... | 1995 | 8544741 |
| presence of leishmania braziliensis in blood samples from cured patients or at different stages of immunotherapy. | by using a pcr assay specific for leishmania braziliensis in blood samples, we detected this parasite in patients cured by immunotherapy or at different stages of treatment. we also found the parasite in subjects who had never suffered leishmaniasis but who had lived in endemic areas and migrated to nonendemic ones many years ago. these results suggest that l. braziliensis infections are difficult to eradicate and that a clinical cure but rarely a complete elimination of the parasite is generall ... | 1994 | 8556473 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis of humans due to leishmania (viannia) naiffi outside brazil. | | 1995 | 8560512 |
| new world tegumentar leishmaniasis: chemotherapeutic activity of rifampicin in humans and experimental murine model. | daily doses of 0.5 mg of rifampicin given intraperitoneally to mice after a challenge dose of 104 amastigotes of l. amazonensis led to a significant reduction of the size of local lesions. on the other hand, daily doses of 20 mg/kg to children or 1200 mg to adult patients infected with l. braziliensis did not bring any sign of improvement after 30 days of treatment. our results formally contradict rifampicin as an alternative drug in leishmania braziliensis infections. | 1995 | 8570267 |
| intergenic region typing (irt): a rapid molecular approach to the characterization and evolution of leishmania. | in the new world, leishmania of the viannia subgenus cause both cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease. these parasites show considerable intra-species genetic diversity and variation, which complicates taxonomic classification and epidemiology. we have used the variability of the transcribed noncoding regions between the small and large subunit rrna genes to examine relationships in this group. in a method termed intergenic region typing (irt), pcr amplification products were obtained for the rapi ... | 1995 | 8577322 |
| the inflammatory response promotes cutaneous metastasis in hamsters infected with leishmania (viannia) panamensis. | the influence of nonspecific and immunologically elicited inflammatory responses on the development of metastatic lesions was examined in the hamster model of leishmania (viannia) panamensis infection. delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were induced using the contact sensitizing agent dnfb (2, 4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene) and infection with l. panamensis followed by intradermal application of leishmanin. nonspecific inflammatory response was achieved by the surgical excision of toes. th ... | 1996 | 8636852 |
| [an evolutionary study of mucosal leishmaniasis (a 7- to 17-year follow-up) due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in tres braços, bahia]. | seventy seven (68%) patients with mucosal leishmaniasis recorded during the period 1976-1986 in the region of três braços, bahia were traced and re-evaluated clinically, diagnostically and therapeutically. sixty-five patients were alive. the families of 12 dead patients were interviewed about probable cause of death. the 65 patients had a fresh clinical examination supplemented when necessary by a skilled ent examination. all had a titre of circulating immunofluorescent antibodies estimated at t ... | 1995 | 8668831 |
| plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in an endemic area of bahia, brazil. | this paper records the plants used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (l(v)b) among the rural population of a cocoa-producing coastal area of bahia state, brazil. an enquiry conducted among a hundred patients identified 49 plants species used to treat skin ulceration caused by this leishmania species. the principal plants used are caju-branco (anacardium occidentale, anacardiaceae), used by 65% of the population, folha-fogo (clidemia hirta,melast ... | 1996 | 8701041 |
| delayed skin healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis after clinical cure of mucosal surfaces. | | 1996 | 8701051 |
| genetic similarity among central and south american populations of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | four populations of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis from central america, colombia, peru and brazil were analyzed and compared for up to 20 enzyme loci. each of the 180 isolates could be identified as l. braziliensis using combined data from glucose phosphate isomerase and mannose phosphate isomerase. when the most common enzyme band was present at a frequency of < or = 0.95, the populations were polymorphic (more than a single allomorph for an enzyme) for more than 50% of the loci. included w ... | 1996 | 8702013 |
| appraisal of various random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction primers for leishmania identification. | pathogenic leishmania can cause a variety of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe mucocutaneous disease, partly according to the species of leishmania involved. genomic and kinetoplast-derived dna probes as well as species complex-specific kinetoplast-derived polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers have been successful for parasite identification in epidemiologic and taxonomic studies. however, the lack of a species dna probe or pcr primer set, their relatively poor av ... | 1996 | 8702030 |
| [evaluation of direct agglutination tests in the detection of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in possible reservoirs of cutaneous american leishmaniasis in the state of ceará]. | in order to evaluate the aplicability of the direct agglutination test (dat) as a method of detection of the natural canine infection for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, it was realized a study involving the serum of naive dogs from serra de baturite, ceara state, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and others from curitiba, parana state, a non endemic area. the results indicate the possibility of using this sorologic test to the epidemiologic research of the infection in the reservoi ... | 1996 | 8713609 |
| [aminosidine in the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis]. | | 1996 | 8713613 |
| leishmania (viannia) panamensis-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible and resistant mouse strains. | we studied the susceptibility to leishmania (viannia) panamensis in strains of mice. the c57bl/6 strain was resistant and showed self-controlled lesion at the injected foot pad. the balb/c and dba/2j strains were susceptible and showed a foot swelling that started day 20 post-infection and progressed to a tumour-like lesion in later period of observation. the cba/hj strain was found to be of intermediary resistance. in contrast to other known cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice, the lesion in l. (v. ... | 1995 | 8731258 |
| natural infection of a domestic cat (felis domesticus) with leishmania (viannia) in the metropolitan region of belo horizonte, state of minas gerais, brazil. | | 1996 | 8734945 |
| the sand fly fauna (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in ilhéus, state of bahia, brazil. | the municipality of ilhéus, state of bahia, has a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis where entomological studies were carried out to determine the sand fly species and their habits. lutzomyia migonei, l. sallesi, l. tupynambai, l. schreiberi, l. intermedia, l. whitmani, l. yuilli yuilli, l. fischeri, l. pessoai, l. shannoni and l. misionensis were identified. lutzomyia whitmani was the predominant species. specimens were collected indoors, at peridomestic sites, in the cocoa plantations and in oth ... | 1996 | 8734952 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is a cytokine produced by activated macrophages and other cells. in order to verify whether the serum levels of tnf-alpha in american tegumentary leishmaniasis patients are associated with the process of cure or aggravation of the disease, 41 patients were studied: 26 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and 15 of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl). during active disease the serum levels of tnf-alpha of mcl patients were significantly higher than those of ... | 1996 | 8736095 |
| from population to genome: ecogenetics of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) peruviana. | the size polymorphism of nine chromosomes, recognized by specific probes, was analysed in populations of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) peruviana from various peruvian biogeographical units. interpretation of the polymorphism, by statistical and phenetic methods, led to the identification of five consensus (alpha- and beta-tubulin) and four variable chromosomes. the dynamics of the variable chromosomes were studied. the promoter role of the environment on their polymorphism was in ... | 1995 | 8745927 |
| psychodopygus complexus, a new vector of leishmania braziliensis to humans in pará state, brazil. | this paper reports the finding of 4 specimens of psychodopygus complexus, captured in the paragominas region of pará state, brazil, naturally infected with trypanosomatids that were positively identified as leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. attention is drawn to the importance of this species as a vector since it is highly anthropophilic and has a very extensive geographical distribution in the lower amazon region of pará state south of the amazon river, including the island of marajó. | 1996 | 8761563 |
| [a canine survey in a recent focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of sabará, the metropolitan area of belo horizonte]. | in 1992, a dog naturally infected with leishmania was found in a periurban area of sabará, state of minas gerais, where human cutaneous leishmaniasis had been previously described. the parasite was classified as leishmania, subgenus viannia, which l. braziliensis, the main species of parasite present in the southeast brazil, also belongs. in order to assess the importance of the dog in the transmission cycle of the disease, a canine survey was undertaken. six hundred thirty-one dogs were examine ... | 1996 | 8768580 |
| [the use of topical tartar emetic in cutaneous leishmaniasis]. | | 1996 | 8768589 |
| [the true significance of serological exams in the diagnosis of endemic diseases]. | | 1996 | 8768590 |
| unusual association of american cutaneous leishmaniasis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1996 | 8786193 |
| follow-up of a human accidental infection by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis using conventional immunologic techniques and polymerase chain reaction. | the results of a two-year follow-up study of an accidental human infection with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis are presented. western blots, indirect immunofluorescence, and intradermal reaction assays were not able to detect the infection before week 18 postinfection, whereas using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on blood samples, parasite dna was detected at week 8. all test results, except the intradermal reaction followed the cure process and 12 weeks after the last chemotherapy injec ... | 1996 | 8842113 |
| phylogenetic relationships between leishmania, viannia and sauroleishmania inferred from comparison of a variable domain within the rna polymerase ii largest subunit gene. | | 1996 | 8844676 |
| treatment of new world cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniases. | the most extensive investigations of treatment of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis have been performed against l. panamensis disease in colombia, and the relative value of regimens shown there may be instructive for disease from other areas. in colombia, a 90-95% cure rate was achieved with three different drug regimens: the standard regimen of pentavalent antimony (20 mg/ kg/day for 20 days parenterally) a short course of pentamidine (3 mg/kg every other day for four injections intramuscularly ... | 1996 | 8889330 |
| dissemination of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | destructive human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis may appear many years after the primary cutaneous infection with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) were infected with metacyclic l. braziliensis promastigotes. it was found that secondary metastatic visceral lesions could arise from a primary cutaneous lesion, or secondary cutaneous lesions from a primary visceral lesion. parasites in the viscera were shown to be viable, multiplying and capable of metastasis to either ... | 1996 | 8923241 |
| cytolytic activity in the genus leishmania: involvement of a putative pore-forming protein. | we describe here that parasites of the genus leishmania contain a cytolytic activity which acts optimally at ph 5.0 to 5.5 and at 37 degrees c in vitro. or the four species examined, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (leishmania) major presented considerable hemolytic activity, whereas leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (viannia) guyanensis showed little and no hemolytic activity, respectively. the cytolytic factor of l. amazonensis promastigotes was characterized as ... | 1996 | 8926057 |
| t-cell responsiveness of american cutaneous leishmaniasis patients to purified leishmania pifanoi amastigote antigens and leishmania braziliensis promastigote antigens: immunologic patterns associated with cure. | patients suffering from american cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied before therapy (active lesion) and at the end of therapy (cured patients). assays of lymphocyte proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced in vitro by leishmania braziliensis promastigote antigens (lb) or by three proteins (a-2/p-2, p-4, and p-8) derived from leishmania pifanoi amastigotes were performed. antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for cd4 and cd8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gam ... | 1996 | 8932764 |
| effects of sand fly vector saliva on development of cutaneous lesions and the immune response to leishmania braziliensis in balb/c mice. | the saliva of the sand fly vector of leishmaniasis significantly enhanced infection with doses of >10(4) leishmania braziliensis parasites in balb/c mice. with a dose of 10(7) l. braziliensis parasites, 60 to 70% of the mice developed lifetime infections. mice infected with l. braziliensis plus saliva produced two- to threefold more interleukin-4 than did mice infected with l. braziliensis alone. treatment with a neutralizing anti-interleukin-4 antibody abrogated the effects of the saliva. | 1996 | 8945606 |
| [cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in the towns of cosmópolis and indaiatuba-region of campinas, in são paulo, brazil]. | a study was carried out to identify leishmania species involved in skin lesions of patients from cosmópolis and indaiatuba, state of são paulo, brazil. the epidemiological data of cutaneous leishmaniasis in two cities suggested a epidemic situation in 1994. the lesions were clinically characteristic of cutaneous leishmaniasis and five out six patients responded positively to montenegro's intradermal test. the histopathology of skin lesions were characterized by two patterns: exudative-cellular r ... | 1996 | 8966306 |
| [comparative study of meglumine antimoniate, pentamidine isethionate and aminosidine sulfate in the treatment of primary skin lesions caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis]. | with the aim of comparing the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability and toxicity of meglumine antimoniate, aminosidine sulphate and pentamidine isethionate, a field study was conducted on randomized treatment of patients with primary cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (l(v)b), in corte de pedra, ba, from october 1992 up to january 1993. forty six patients were treated and distributed into three groups, two with 15 and one with 16 subjects. all patients were submitted t ... | 1996 | 8966308 |
| imported mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | we report a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a otherwise fit caucasian man who had traveled in an endemic area. initial tissue microscopy failed to identify the causative organism, which was only determined by subsequent culture as leishmania braziliensis. this case illustrates the variability in the presence of leishman-donovan (ld) bodies in histopathological studies and emphasizes the need for culture in suspected cases of leishmaniasis, particularly given the ability of certain leishma ... | 1996 | 8974832 |
| [open therapeutic study with aminosidine sulfate in mucosal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis]. | from september to november 1994. 21 patients with active mucosal leishmaniasis were treated with aminosidine sulphate 16 mg/kg/day by intramuscular injection for 20 days. they were principally adult male agricultural workers. thirteen patients had not received specific treatment and eight had failed to respond to glucantime therapy. diagnosis was based on clinical and epidemiological observations, a search for the parasite, leishmanin skin sensitivity and indirect fluorescent antibody serologica ... | 1996 | 9011880 |
| [measurement of the volume of the skin ulcer in cutaneous leishmaniasis]. | skin ulcers by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis are often deep and irregular and are difficult to measure by just the skin surface transverse and longitudinal diameters. the proposal is to mould the cavity, after local asepsis with fresh water plus soap, with a gelatinous plastic which contains silence, potassium alginate, calcium sulphate, magnesium oxide commercialized under the name of jeltrate (dentsply laboratory), by solving 9.5g of jeltrate in 20ml of fresh water and applying the gel on ... | 1996 | 9011886 |
| an oligonucleotide probe derived from kdna minirepeats is specific for leishmania (viannia). | sequence analysis of leishmania (viannia) kdna minicircles and analysis of multiple sequence alignments of the conserved region (minirepeats) of five distinct minicircles from l. (v.) braziliensis species with corresponding sequences derived from other dermotropic leishmanias indicated the presence of a sub-genus specific sequence. an oligonucleotide bearing this sequence was designed and used as a molecular probe, being able to recognize solely the sub-genus viannia species in hybridization exp ... | 1996 | 9040846 |