| structural and mechanistic analysis of engineered trichodiene synthase enzymes from trichoderma harzianum: towards higher catalytic activities empowering sustainable agriculture. | trichoderma spp. are well-known bioagents for the plant growth promotion and pathogen suppression. the beneficial activities of the fungus trichoderma spp. are attributed to their ability to produce and secrete certain secondary metabolites such as trichodermin that belongs to trichothecene family of molecules. the initial steps of trichodermin biosynthetic pathway in trichoderma are similar to the trichothecenes from fusarium sporotrichioides. trichodiene synthase (ts) encoded by tri5 gene in t ... | 2016 | 26207800 |
| trichodiene production in a trichoderma harzianum erg1-silenced strain provides evidence of the importance of the sterol biosynthetic pathway in inducing plant defense-related gene expression. | trichoderma species are often used as biocontrol agents against plant-pathogenic fungi. a complex molecular interaction occurs among the biocontrol agent, the antagonistic fungus, and the plant. terpenes and sterols produced by the biocontrol fungus have been found to affect gene expression in both the antagonistic fungus and the plant. the terpene trichodiene (td) elicits the expression of genes related to tomato defense and to botrytis virulence. we show here that td itself is able to induce t ... | 2015 | 26168138 |
| evaluation of dye compounds' decolorization capacity of selected h. haematococca and t. harzianum strains by principal component analysis (pca). | the selected strains of microscopic fungi, haematonectria haematococca (bwiii43, k37) and trichoderma harzianum (bsiii33), decolorized the following monoathraquinone dyes with different efficiency: 0.03 % alizarin blue black b, 0.01 % carminic acid, 0.01 % poly r-478, and 0.2 % post-industrial lignin. the most effective was the removal of 0.03 % alizarin blue black b (50-60 %) and 0.01 % carminic acid (55-85 %). the principal component analysis (pca) method was applied to determine the main enzy ... | 2017 | 26160991 |
| solubilisation of phosphate and micronutrients by trichoderma harzianum and its relationship with the promotion of tomato plant growth. | trichoderma harzianum strain sqr-t037 is a biocontrol agent that has been shown to enhance the uptake of nutrients (macro- and microelements) by plants in fields. the objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of sqr-t037 to p and microelement (fe, mn, cu and zn) nutrition in tomato plants grown in soil and in hydroponic conditions. inoculation with sqr-t037 significantly improved the biomass and nutrient uptake of tomato seedlings grown in a nutrient-limiting soil. so we invest ... | 2015 | 26110536 |
| draft whole-genome sequence of the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum t6776. | trichoderma harzianum t6776 is a promising beneficial isolate whose effects consist of growth promotion, positive response of photosynthetic activity, hormonal signaling, and carbon partitioning in tomato, coupled with biocontrol of plant pathogens. here, we present the first genome assembly of t6776, providing a useful platform for the scientific community. | 2015 | 26067977 |
| extra and intracellular synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles mediated by dead fungal biomass. | the use of dead biomass of the fungus hypocrea lixii as a biological system is a new, effective and environmentally friendly bioprocess for the production and uptake of nickel oxide nanoparticles (nps), which has become a promising field in nanobiotechnology. dead biomass of the fungus was successfully used to convert nickel ions into nickel oxide nps in aqueous solution. these nps accumulated intracellularly and extracellularly on the cell wall surface through biosorption. the average size, mor ... | 2015 | 26043111 |
| new c13 lipids from the marine-derived fungus trichoderma harzianum. | chemical examination of the fermentation broth of a sponge-associated fungus trichoderma harzinum hms-15-3 led to the isolation of four pairs of new c13 lipid enantiomers namely harzianumols a-h (1a-4b). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (ir, ms, 1d, and 2d nmr) data analysis, including the modified mosher's method for the assignment of their absolute configurations. the new compounds were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects in hepg2 cells. | 2015 | 26031203 |
| determination of the chemical structures of tandyukisins b-d, isolated from a marine sponge-derived fungus. | tandyukisins b-d (1-3), novel decalin derivatives, have been isolated from a strain of trichoderma harzianum oups-111d-4 originally derived from the marine sponge halichondria okadai, and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1d and 2d nmr techniques. in addition, their chemical structures were established by chemical transformation. they exhibited weak cytotoxicity, but selective growth inhibition on panel screening using 39 human cancer cell lines. | 2015 | 26006715 |
| a new cytotoxic cytochalasin from the endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum. | the new natural product 4]-hydroxy-deacetyl-18-deoxycytochalasin h (1), together with the known deacetyl-18-deoxycytochalasin h (2) and 18-deoxycytochalasin h (3) were obtained from the endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum isolated from leaves of cola nitida. the structure of the new compound was unambiguously determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, and by hresims measurements, as well as by comparison with the literature. compounds 1-3 showed potent cytotoxic activity against the murine ly ... | 2015 | 25973482 |
| peptaibol, secondary-metabolite, and hydrophobin pattern of commercial biocontrol agents formulated with species of the trichoderma harzianum complex. | the production of bioactive polypeptides (peptaibiotics) in vivo is a sophisticated adaptation strategy of both mycoparasitic and saprotrophic trichoderma species for colonizing and defending their natural habitats. this feature is of major practical importance, as the detection of peptaibiotics in plant-protective trichoderma species, which are successfully used against economically relevant bacterial and fungal plant pathogens, certainly contributes to a better understanding of these complex a ... | 2015 | 25879509 |
| optimization of solid-state fermentation conditions for trichoderma harzianum using an orthogonal test. | the aim of this study was to develop a protocol for the production of fungal bio-pesticides with high efficiency, low cost, and non-polluting fermentation, while also increasing their survival rate under field conditions. this is the first study to develop biocontrol trichoderma harzianum transformants ts1 that are resistant to benzimidazole fungicides. agricultural corn stover and wheat bran waste were used as a medium and inducing carbon source for solid fermentation. spore production was obse ... | 2015 | 25867321 |
| analysis of genomic regions of trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 related to biomass degradation. | trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 secretes high levels of cellulolytic-active enzymes and is therefore a promising strain for use in biotechnological applications in second-generation bioethanol production. however, the t. harzianum biomass degradation mechanism has not been well explored at the genetic level. the present work investigates six genomic regions (~150 kbp each) in this fungus that are enriched with genes related to biomass conversion. a bac library consisting of 5,760 clones was const ... | 2015 | 25836973 |
| liquid culture production of microsclerotia and submerged conidia by trichoderma harzianum active against damping-off disease caused by rhizoctonia solani. | media and culturing protocols were identified that supported the formation of submerged conidia and microsclerotia (ms) by trichoderma harzianum rifai strain t-22 using liquid culture fermentation. liquid media with a higher carbon concentration (36 g l(-1)) promoted ms formation at all c:n ratios tested. hyphae aggregated to form ms after 2 d growth and after 7 d ms were fully melanized. this is the first report of ms formation by t. harzianum or any species of trichoderma. furthermore, submerg ... | 2015 | 25813507 |
| the variations of glycolysis and tca cycle intermediate levels grown in iron and copper mediums of trichoderma harzianum. | the efficiency of optimal metabolic function by microorganism depends on various parameters, especially essential metal supplementation. in the present study, the effects of iron and copper metals on metabolism were investigated by determination of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle metabolites' levels with respect to the metal concentrations and incubation period in trichoderma harzianum. the pyruvate and citrate levels of t. harzianum increased up to 15 mg/l of copper via redirectio ... | 2015 | 25805013 |
| penicillium ochrochloron mtcc 517 chitinase: an effective tool in commercial enzyme cocktail for production and regeneration of protoplasts from various fungi. | penicillium ochrochloron mtcc 517 is a potent producer of chitinolytic enzymes. novozyme 234, traditional enzyme cocktail for protoplast generation is not available in the market. so, new enzyme cocktail is prepared for protoplast formation from various filamentous fungi which consists of 5 mg ml(-1) lysing enzymes from trichoderma harzianum, 0.06 mg ml(-1) β-glucuronidase from helix pomatia and 1 mg ml(-1) p. ochrochloron chitinase. the greatest number of protoplasts could be produced from most ... | 2015 | 25737658 |
| systematics of the trichoderma harzianum species complex and the re-identification of commercial biocontrol strains. | trichoderma harzianum is known as a cosmopolitan, ubiquitous species associated with a wide variety of substrates. it is possibly the most commonly used name in agricultural applications involving trichoderma, including biological control of plant diseases. while various studies have suggested that t. harzianum is a species complex, only a few cryptic species are named. in the present study the taxonomy of the t. harzianum species complex is revised to include at least 14 species. previously nam ... | 2017 | 25661720 |
| hydrodynamics, fungal physiology, and morphology. | filamentous cultures, such as fungi and actinomycetes, contribute substantially to the pharmaceutical industry and to enzyme production, with an annual market of about 6 billion dollars. in mechanically stirred reactors, most frequently used in fermentation industry, microbial growth and metabolite productivity depend on complex interactions between hydrodynamics, oxygen transfer, and mycelial morphology. the dissipation of energy through mechanically stirring devices, either flasks or tanks, im ... | 2015 | 25652005 |
| genotype-specific variation in the structure of root fungal communities is related to chickpea plant productivity. | increasing evidence supports the existence of variations in the association of plant roots with symbiotic fungi that can improve plant growth and inhibit pathogens. however, it is unclear whether intraspecific variations in the symbiosis exist among plant cultivars and if they can be used to improve crop productivity. in this study, we determined genotype-specific variations in the association of chickpea roots with soil fungal communities and evaluated the effect of root mycota on crop producti ... | 2015 | 25616789 |
| biological control of rigidoporus lignosus in hevea brasiliensis in nigeria. | the study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo control of fungal antagonists on rigidoporus lignosus (klotzsch) imaz in hevea brasiliensis (willd. ex a. juss.) muell. arg. in the rain forest zone of nigeria. in vitro assessments of biological agents were carried out in dixenic cultures in petri plates. in vivo tests were carried out in the nursery using hypocrea virens and hypocrea jecorina. significant differences were observed with the dual inoculations of fungal antagonists and r. l ... | 2015 | 25601145 |
| integrated options for the management of black root rot of strawberry caused by rhizoctonia solani kuhn. | an investigation was made to manage strawberry black root rot caused by rhizoctonia solani (r. solani) through the integration of trichoderma harzianum (t. harzianum) isolate sta7, mustard oil cake and provax 200. a series of preliminary experiments were conducted to select a virulent isolate of r. solani, an effective isolate of t. harzianum, a suitable organic amendment, and a suitable fungicide before setting the experiment for integration. the pathogenicity of the selected four isolates of r ... | 2015 | 25595298 |
| oxidative damage induced by heat stress could be relieved by nitric oxide in trichoderma harzianum ltr-2. | trichoderma harzianum is an important commercial biocontrol fungal agent. the temperature has been shown to be an important parameter and strain-specific to the mycelia growth of fungi, but less report makes the known of the mechanisms in t. harzianum. in our study, a 6-h treatment of heat increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) and nitric oxide (no) concentration in mycelia to 212 and 230 % the level of the control, respectively. the exogenous no donor sodium nitroprusside ... | 2015 | 25561405 |
| integrated effect of microbial antagonist, organic amendment and fungicide in controlling seedling mortality (rhizoctonia solani) and improving yield in pea (pisum sativum l.). | the study evaluated the comparative performance of a few microbial antagonists, organic amendments and fungicides and their integration for the management of seedling mortality (rhizoctonia solani kühn) and yield improvement in pea (pisum sativum l.). before setting the experiment in field microplots, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to select a virulent isolate of r. solani, an effective antagonistic isolate of trichoderma harzianum, a fungitoxic organic amendment and ... | 2015 | 25528673 |
| saccharification of rice straw by cellulase from a local trichoderma harzianum snrs3 for biobutanol production. | rice straw has shown to be a promising agricultural by-product in the bioconversion of biomass to value-added products. hydrolysis of cellulose, a main constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, is a requirement for fermentable sugar production and its subsequent bioconversion to biofuels such as biobutanol. the high cost of commercial enzymes is a major impediment to the industrial application of cellulases. therefore, the use of local microbial enzymes has been suggested. trichoderma harzianum st ... | 2014 | 25496491 |
| the potentiality of trichoderma harzianum in alleviation the adverse effects of salinity in faba bean plants. | the interaction between sodium chloride and trichoderma harzianum (t24) on growth parameters, ion contents, mda content, proline, soluble proteins as well as sds page protein profile were studied in vicia faba giza 429. a sharp reduction was found in fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots with increasing salinity. trichoderma treatments promoted the growth criteria as compared with corresponding salinized plants. the water content and leaf area exhibited a marked decrease with increasing salinit ... | 2014 | 25475984 |
| validation of a novel sequential cultivation method for the production of enzymatic cocktails from trichoderma strains. | the development of new cost-effective bioprocesses for the production of cellulolytic enzymes is needed in order to ensure that the conversion of biomass becomes economically viable. the aim of this study was to determine whether a novel sequential solid-state and submerged fermentation method (sf) could be validated for different strains of the trichoderma genus. cultivation of the trichoderma reesei rut-c30 reference strain under sf using sugarcane bagasse as substrate was shown to be favorabl ... | 2015 | 25399068 |
| [antitumor enzyme l-lyzine-alpha-oxidase from trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180 and investigation of its action on l-lysine oxidation by capillar electrophoresis]. | trichoderma harzianum rifai f-180, an organism producing the antitumor enzyme l-lysine-alpha-oxidase was cultivated and the enzyme was isolated and purified under the manufacturing conditions. the effect of l-lysine-alpha-oxidase on oxidation of l-lysine was investigated for the first time by capillary electrophoresis and the procedure conditions were developed. the reaction of l-lysine oxidative deamination is described and location of the reaction components picks on the elecrophoregrams was i ... | 2014 | 25300116 |
| trichoderma harzianum t-78 supplementation of compost stimulates the antioxidant defence system in melon plants. | compost is emerging as an alternative plant growing medium in efforts to achieve more sustainable agriculture. the addition of specific microorganisms such as trichoderma harzianum to plant growth substrates increases yields and reduces plant diseases, but the mechanisms of such biostimulants and the biocontrol effects are not yet fully understood. in this work we investigated how the addition of citrus and vineyard composts, either alone or in combination with t. harzianum t-78, affects the ant ... | 2015 | 25255983 |
| comparative evaluation of two trichoderma harzianum strains for major secondary metabolite production and antifungal activity. | this investigation was undertaken to identify the major secondary metabolite, produced by two trichoderma harzianum strains (t-4 and t-5) with their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi using poison food technique. the ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol gradually. chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate extract of t. harzianum (t-4) resulted in the isolation and identification of palmitic acid (1), 1,8-dihydrox ... | 2015 | 25248548 |
| cytotoxicity of trichoderma spp. cultural filtrate against human cervical and breast cancer cell lines. | trichoderma spp. are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activity belonging to a variety of classes of chemical compounds. these fungi also are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of antibiotic substances and to parasitize other fungi. in search for new substances, which might act as anticancer agents, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma asperellum cultural filtrates aga ... | 2014 | 25227819 |
| effect of mixture of trichoderma isolates on biochemical parameters in leaf of macrophomina phaseolina infected brinjal. | a mixture of trichoderma harzianum nbri-1055 (fx) and t. harzianum bhu-99 (th) was evaluated for their efficiency to induce systemic resistance during three way interaction among brinjal-trichoderma-macrophomina phaseolina. total phenol content (tpc), defence related enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), peroxidase (po), polyphenol oxidase (ppo) and pr proteins (pr-2 and pr-3) were recorded. total phenolic content was recorded 12.82 times and 1.8 times higher in trichoderma mixture treated- ... | 2014 | 25204061 |
| quantification and role of organic acids in cucumber root exudates in trichoderma harzianum t-e5 colonization. | the ability to colonize on plant roots is recognized as one of the most important characteristics of the beneficial fungi trichoderma spp. the aim of this study is to prove that the utilization of organic acids is a major trait of trichoderma harzianum t-e5 for colonization of cucumber roots. a series experiments in split-root hydroponic system and in vitro were designed to demonstrate the association between the utilization of organic acids and t-e5 colonization on cucumber roots. in the split- ... | 2014 | 25194775 |
| [effect of glomus versiforme and trichoderma harzianum on growth and quality of salvia miltiorrhiza]. | the present study aimed to investigate the effect of glomus versiforme and trichodema harzianum on the growth and quality of salvia miltiorrhiza continuous cropping under field conditions. the field plot experiment was conducted, these active components in the plant were analyzed by hplc, the root diseases incidence rate of s. miltiorrhiza determined by observation and counting, and relative parameters were measured. the data was statistically processed. the result showed that inoculation of g. ... | 2014 | 25095363 |
| degradation of polyethylene by trichoderma harzianum--sem, ftir, and nmr analyses. | trichoderma harzianum was isolated from local dumpsites of shivamogga district for use in the biodegradation of polyethylene. soil sample of that dumpsite was used for isolation of t. harzianum. degradation was carried out using autoclaved, uv-treated, and surface-sterilized polyethylene. degradation was monitored by observing weight loss and changes in physical structure by scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. t. har ... | 2014 | 25052326 |
| [inhibition effects and mechanisms of the entophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum lh-7 from aloe barbadensis]. | inhibition spectrum and antagonistic mechanism of an endophytic fungus trichoderma harzianum lh-7, isolated from wild medicinal plant aloe barbadensis, were investigated by in vitro culture methods against 9 kinds of plant pathogens. the results showed that nutrient competition and hyper-parasitism were the two primarily antagonist approaches that strain lh-7 adopted to inhibit the tested plant pathogens with a significant inhibition rate of 62.4%-88.4%. moreover, the active compound from metabo ... | 2014 | 25011309 |
| mycoparasitism studies of trichoderma harzianum against sclerotinia sclerotiorum: evaluation of antagonism and expression of cell wall-degrading enzymes genes. | trichoderma spp. are known for their biocontrol activity against several plant pathogens. a specific isolate of trichoderma harzianum, 303/02, has the potential to inhibit the growth of sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an important agent involved in several crop diseases. in this study, the interaction between t. harzianum 303/02 and mycelia, sclerotia and apothecia of s. sclerotiorum was studied by scanning electron microscopy. rt-qpcr was used to examine the expression of 11 genes potentially involve ... | 2014 | 24966041 |
| biological role of trichoderma harzianum-derived platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) on stress response and antagonism. | we investigated the properties of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (paf-ah) derived from trichoderma harzianum. the enzyme, comprised of 572 amino acids, shares high homology with paf-ah proteins from t. koningii and other microbial species. the optimum enzymatic activity of paf-ah occurred at ph 6 in the absence of ca2+ and it localized in the cytoplasm, and we observed the upregulation of paf-ah expression in response to carbon starvation and strong heat shock. furthermore, paf-ah kn ... | 2014 | 24964161 |
| family 1 carbohydrate binding-modules enhance saccharification rates. | cellulose degrading enzymes usually have a two-domain structure consisting of a catalytic domain and a non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding module. although it is well known the importance of those modules in cell wall degrading process, their function is not yet fully understood. here, we analyze the cellulose-hydrolysis activity enhancement promoted by the cellobiohydrolase i carbohydrate-binding module from trichoderma harzianum. it was cloned, expressed, purified and used in combination with e ... | 2014 | 24949270 |
| immobilization of trichoderma harzianum α-amylase on treated wool: optimization and characterization. | α-amylase from trichoderma harzianum was covalently immobilized on activated wool by cyanuric chloride. immobilized α-amylase exhibited 75% of its initial activity after 10 runs. the soluble and immobilized α-amylases exhibited maximum activity at ph values 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. the immobilized enzyme was more thermally stable than the soluble one. various substrates were hydrolyzed by immobilized α-amylase with high efficiencies compared to those of soluble α-amylase. the inhibition of the ... | 2014 | 24932573 |
| overexpression of erg1 gene in trichoderma harzianum cect 2413: effect on the induction of tomato defence-related genes. | to investigate the effect of the overexpression of erg1 gene of trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 (t34) on the trichoderma-plant interactions and in the biocontrol ability of this fungus. | 2014 | 24925373 |
| biocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of gold nanoparticles synthesized by trichoderma sp. | the aim of this work was to synthesize gold nanoparticles by trichoderma viride and hypocrea lixii. the biosynthesis of the nanoparticles was very rapid and took 10 min at 30 °c when cell-free extract of the t. viride was used, which was similar by h. lixii but at 100 °c. biomolecules present in cell free extracts of both fungi were capable to synthesize and stabilize the formed particles. synthesis procedure was very quick and environment friendly which did not require subsequent processing. th ... | 2014 | 24914997 |
| enhanced root and shoot growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by trichoderma harzianum from turkey. | it is well known that trichoderma species can be used as biocontrol and plant growth promote agent. in this study, trichoderma harzianum isolates were evaluated for their growth promotion effects on wheat in greenhouse experiments. two isolates of t. harzianum were used. the experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. seeds were inoculated with conidial suspensions of each isolate. wheat plants grown in steriled soil in pots. t. harzianum t8 and t15 isolates incr ... | 2014 | 24783790 |
| salicylic acid prevents trichoderma harzianum from entering the vascular system of roots. | trichoderma is a soil-borne fungal genus that includes species with a significant impact on agriculture and industrial processes. some trichoderma strains exert beneficial effects in plants through root colonization, although little is known about how this interaction takes place. to better understand this process, the root colonization of wild-type arabidopsis and the salicylic acid (sa)-impaired mutant sid2 by a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-marked trichoderma harzianum strain was followed u ... | 2014 | 24684632 |
| identification of mycoparasitism-related genes against the phytopathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum through transcriptome and expression profile analysis in trichoderma harzianum. | the species of t. harzianum are well known for their biocontrol activity against plant pathogens. however, few studies have been conducted to further our understanding of its role as a biological control agent against s. sclerotiorum, a pathogen involved in several crop diseases around the world. in this study, we have used rna-seq and quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) techniques in order to explore changes in t. harzianum gene expression during growth on cell wall of s. sclerotiorum (sscw) o ... | 2014 | 24635846 |
| secretomic survey of trichoderma harzianum grown on plant biomass substrates. | the present work aims at characterizing t. harzianum secretome when the fungus is grown in synthetic medium supplemented with one of the four substrates: glucose, cellulose, xylan, and sugarcane bagasse (sb). the characterization was done by enzymatic assays and proteomic analysis using 2-de/maldi-tof and gel-free shotgun lc-ms/ms. the results showed that sb induced the highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities when compared with the other substrates, while remarkable differences in terms ... | 2014 | 24593137 |
| production of crude cellulase and xylanase from trichoderma harzianum ppddn10 nfcci-2925 and its application in photocopier waste paper recycling. | this paper implies production of cellulase and xylanase enzyme using a potent strain of trichoderma harzianum for the efficient deinking of photocopier waste papers. different nutritional and environmental factors were optimized for higher production of cellulase along with xylanase. after fermentation, maximum enzyme extraction was achieved from fermented matter using a three-step extraction process with increased efficiency by 26.6-29.3 % over single-step extraction. static solid state was fou ... | 2014 | 24574249 |
| transcriptome profile of trichoderma harzianum ioc-3844 induced by sugarcane bagasse. | profiling the transcriptome that underlies biomass degradation by the fungus trichoderma harzianum allows the identification of gene sequences with potential application in enzymatic hydrolysis processing. in the present study, the transcriptome of t. harzianum ioc-3844 was analyzed using rna-seq technology. the sequencing generated 14.7 gbp for downstream analyses. de novo assembly resulted in 32,396 contigs, which were submitted for identification and classified according to their identities. ... | 2014 | 24558413 |
| chitinase expression due to reduction in fusaric acid level in an antagonistic trichoderma harzianum s17th. | to study the effect of reduction in phytotoxin level on fungal chitinases, antagonistic trichoderma spp. were screened for their ability to reduce the level of fusaric acid (fa), the phytotoxin produced by fusarium spp. a t. harzianum isolate s17th was able to tolerate high levels of fa (up to 500 ppm) but was unable to reduce the toxin to a significant level (non-toxic) added to minimal synthetic broth (msb). however, the isolate was able to reduce 400 ppm fa in the liquid medium after 7 days t ... | 2013 | 24426111 |
| how fungi interact with nematode to activate the plant defence response to tomato plants. | management of plant parasitic nematodes with nematode predators, parasites or antagonists is an eco-friendly approach that may avoid the problems arisen by the use of toxic chemicals. fungi belonging to trichoderma spp. are well known in literature for their role in control of plant parasitic nematodes. root-knot nematodes (rkns), meloidogyne spp., are obligate parasites that cause the formation of familiar galls on the roots of many cultivated plants. the interaction between the m. incognita mo ... | 2014 | 26080471 |
| molecular characterization of a xylanase-producing fungus isolated from fouled soil. | xylanase (ec 3. 2. 1. 8), hydrolyzes xylo-oligosaccharides into d-xylose and required for complete hydrolysis of native cellulose and biomass conversion. it has broad range of applications in the pulp and paper, pharmaceutical and agri-food industries. fifty fungal species were isolated from the fouled soil around an oil refinery and screened for the production of xylanase enzyme by enrichment culture techniques. the isolated fungal strain was identified as hypocrea lixii ss1 based on the result ... | 2014 | 25763033 |
| effect of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles from filtrate of trichoderma harzianum against larvae and pupa of dengue vector aedes aegypti l. | mosquitoes transmit dreadful diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. therefore, screening for larvicidal and pupicidal activity of microbial extracts attributes could lead to development of new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and safe for nontarget organisms and are ecofriendly. synthetic chemical insecticides occupy predominant position in control strategies. these hazardous chemicals exert unwarranted toxicity and lethal effects on nontarget organisms, develo ... | 2014 | 24352539 |
| a novel promising trichoderma harzianum strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex using sugarcane bagasse in natura. | brazil is a major producer of agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, which could be used as raw material for microbial production of cellulases as an important strategy for the development of sustainable processes of second generation ethanol production. for this purpose, this work aimed at screening for glycosyl hydrolase activities of fungal strains isolated from the brazilian cerrado. among 13 isolates, a trichoderma harzianum strain (l04) was identified as a promising candidate ... | 2013 | 24349958 |
| biosynthesis and uptake of copper nanoparticles by dead biomass of hypocrea lixii isolated from the metal mine in the brazilian amazon region. | a biological system for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (nps) and uptake of copper from wastewater, using dead biomass of hypocrea lixii was analyzed and described for the first time. the equilibrium and kinetics investigation of the biosorption of copper onto dead, dried and live biomass of fungus were performed as a function of initial metal concentration, ph, temperature, agitation and inoculum volume. the high biosorption capacity was observed for dead biomass, completed within 60 min of c ... | 2013 | 24282549 |
| trichoderma harzianum elicits induced resistance in sunflower challenged by rhizoctonia solani. | to investigate the efficacy of trichoderma harzianum nbri-1055 (denoted as 't-1055') in suppression of seedling blight of sunflower caused by rhizoctonia solani kühn and their impact on host defence responses. | 2014 | 24279777 |
| the anti-fasciolasis properties of silver nanoparticles produced by trichoderma harzianum and their improvement of the anti-fasciolasis drug triclabendazole. | recently, new strains of fasciola demonstrated drug resistance, which increased the need for new drugs or improvement of the present drugs. nanotechnology is expected to open some new opportunities to fight and prevent diseases using an atomic scale tailoring of materials. the ability to uncover the structure and function of biosystems at the nanoscale, stimulates research leading to improvement in biology, biotechnology, medicine and healthcare. the size of nanomaterials is similar to that of m ... | 2013 | 24196355 |
| truncation of a mannanase from trichoderma harzianum improves its enzymatic properties and expression efficiency in trichoderma reesei. | to obtain high expression efficiency of a mannanase gene, thman5a, cloned from trichoderma harzianum mgq2, both the full-length gene and a truncated gene (thman5aδcbm) that contains only the catalytic domain, were expressed in trichoderma reesei qm9414 using the strong constitutive promoter of the gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc), and purified to homogeneity, respectively. we found that truncation of the gene improved its expression efficiency as well as the enzymatic properties of the ... | 2014 | 24162722 |
| the stereochemical course of tricho-acorenol biosynthesis. | the biosynthesis of tricho-acorenol in trichoderma harzianum was investigated by feeding stereospecifically deuterated mevalonolactone isotopomers, followed by a detailed gc/ms analysis of the incorporation of labelling. the results establish a highly stereospecific hydride migration and antarafacial attack of water in the terminal step towards tricho-acorenol. | 2013 | 24084795 |
| harzianolide, a novel plant growth regulator and systemic resistance elicitor from trichoderma harzianum. | a detailed understanding of the effect of natural products on plant growth and protection will underpin new product development for plant production. the isolation and characterization of a known secondary metabolite named harzianolide from trichoderma harzianum strain sqr-t037 were described, and the bioactivity of the purified compound as well as the crude metabolite extract in plant growth promotion and systemic resistance induction was investigated in this study. the results showed that harz ... | 2013 | 24080397 |
| media optimization for laccase production by trichoderma harzianum zf-2 using response surface methodology. | trichoderma harzianum zf-2 producing laccase was isolated from decaying samples from shandong, china, and showed dye decolorization activities. the objective of this study was to optimize its culture conditions using a statistical analysis of its laccase production. the interactions between different fermentation parameters for laccase production were characterized using a plackett-burman design and the response surface methodology. the different media components were initially optimized using t ... | 2013 | 24043124 |
| novel mutations in β-tubulin gene in trichoderma harzianum mutants resistant to methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate. | twelve-low resistant (lr) mutants of trichoderma harzianum with the capability of grow fast at 0.8 μg/ml methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) were obtained using uv mutagenesis. mr and hr mutants which could grow fast at 10 and 100 μg/ml mbc, respectively, were isolated by step-up selection protocols in which uv-treated mutants were induced and mycelial sector screening was made in plates with growth medium. subsequently, β-tubulin genes of 14 mutants were cloned to describe-the molecular le ... | 2014 | 25508652 |
| novel mutations in β-tubulin gene in trichoderma harzianum mutants resistant to methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate. | twelve-low resistant (lr) mutants of trichoderma harzianum with the capability of grow fast at 0.8 μg/ml methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) were obtained using uv mutagenesis. mr and hr mutants which could grow fast at 10 and 100 μg/ml mbc, respectively, were isolated by step-up selection protocols in which uv-treated mutants were induced and mycelial sector screening was made in plates with growth medium. subsequently, β-tubulin genes of 14 mutants were cloned to describe-the molecular le ... | 2014 | 25474873 |
| effects of fungicides and biofungicides on population density and community structure of soil oribatid mites. | to compare the side-effects of chemical versus biofungicides on non-target organisms in agricultural soil, a study of population structure, spatial distribution and fecundity of oribatid mites, a diverse and species-rich group of microarthropods indicative of decomposer activity in soil was done. plots laid out in agricultural fields of a research station in egypt, were cultivated with cucumber and treated with two chemical fungicides: ridomil plus 50% wp (active ingredients=metalaxyl and copper ... | 2014 | 23933448 |
| harzianic acid: a novel siderophore from trichoderma harzianum. | agriculture-relevant microorganisms are considered to produce secondary metabolites during processes of competition with other micro- and macro-organisms, symbiosis, parasitism or pathogenesis. many different strains of the genus trichoderma, in addition to a direct activity against phytopathogens, are well-known producers of secondary metabolites and compounds that substantially affect the metabolism of the host plant. harzianic acid is a trichoderma secondary metabolite, showing antifungal and ... | 2013 | 23909277 |
| dna barcoding survey of trichoderma diversity in soil and litter of the colombian lowland amazonian rainforest reveals trichoderma strigosellum sp. nov. and other species. | the diversity of trichoderma (hypocreales, ascomycota) colonizing leaf litter as well as the rhizosphere of garcinia macrophylla (clusiaceae) was investigated in primary and secondary rain forests in colombian amazonia. dna barcoding of 107 strains based on the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (its1 and 2) of the ribosomal rna gene cluster and the partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1) gene revealed that the diversity of trichoderma was dominated (71 %) by three ... | 2013 | 23884864 |
| abiotic stresses affect trichoderma harzianum t39-induced resistance to downy mildew in grapevine. | enhancement of plant defense through the application of resistance inducers seems a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling crop diseases but the efficacy can be affected by abiotic factors in the field. plants respond to abiotic stresses with hormonal signals that may interfere with the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance (isr) to pathogens. in this study, we exposed grapevines to heat, drought, or both to investigate the effects of abiotic stresses on grapevine resis ... | 2013 | 23841621 |
| expression profiles of putative defence-related proteins in oil palm (elaeis guineensis) colonized by ganoderma boninense. | basal stem rot (bsr) is a major disease of oil palm caused by a pathogenic fungus, ganoderma boninense. however, the interaction between the host plant and its pathogen is not well characterized. to better understand the response of oil palm to g. boninense, transcript profiles of eleven putative defence-related genes from oil palm were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription (qrt)-pcr in the roots of oil palms treated with g. boninense from 3 to 12 weeks post infection (wpi). these trans ... | 2013 | 23769496 |
| the effect of iron and copper as an essential nutrient on mitochondrial electron transport system and lipid peroxidation in trichoderma harzianum. | iron and copper are essential nutrients for all living organisms as cofactors of many enzymes and play important roles in electron transport system (ets) enzymes which have heme and iron-sulfur centers. in the present study, ets enzymes, namely, succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and cytochrome c oxidase (cox), activities as well as adenine nucleotides and lipid peroxidation (lpo) levels of eukaryotic model trichoderma harzianum grown in varied concentrations of iron (0-20 mg/l) and copper (0-25 mg/l ... | 2013 | 23716140 |
| cloning, annotation and expression analysis of mycoparasitism-related genes in trichoderma harzianum 88. | trichoderma harzianum 88, a filamentous soil fungus, is an effective biocontrol agent against several plant pathogens. high-throughput sequencing was used here to study the mycoparasitism mechanisms of t. harzianum 88. plate confrontation tests of t. harzianum 88 against plant pathogens were conducted, and a cdna library was constructed from t. harzianum 88 mycelia in the presence of plant pathogen cell walls. randomly selected transcripts from the cdna library were compared with eukaryotic plan ... | 2013 | 23625217 |
| influence of the fungus trichoderma harzianum on the enzyme and polysaccharide composition of silene vulgaris callus. | activities of polygalacturonase and 1,3-β-glucanase increased in campion (silene vulgaris) callus cells during co-cultivation with the fungus trichoderma harzianum. this was associated with a decrease in galacturonic acid residues in the pectic polysaccharide of campion silenan and also in the production of pectin by the callus. co-cultivation of the callus and the fungus resulted in an increase in contents of arabinose residues in the intracellular arabinogalactan and in contents of galactose r ... | 2013 | 23586723 |
| water-soluble (1→3),(1→4)-α-d-glucan from mango as a novel inducer of cariogenic biofilm-degrading enzyme. | a water-soluble polysaccharide (wsp) extracted from mango (mangifera indica l.) fruits has been suggested as a new alternative to mutan for mutanase induction in trichoderma harzianum. structural analyses revealed that the purified wsp was a (1→3),(1→4)-α-d-glucan with the molecular mass of ca. 760 kda in which the (1→4)-linked and (1→3)-linked α-glcp residues were in a ratio of 1:2.4. when the strain t harzianum ccm f-340 was grown in the presence of wsp, the maximal enzyme productivity obtaine ... | 2013 | 23583288 |
| purification and properties of an α-(1 → 3)-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.84) from trichoderma harzianum and its use for reduction of artificial dental plaque accumulation. | extracellular α-(1 → 3)-glucanase (mutanase, ec 3.2.1.84) produced by trichoderma harzianum ccm f-340 was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration followed by ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and final chromatofocusing. the enzyme was recovered with an 18.4-fold increase in specific activity and a yield of 4.3%. some properties of the α-(1 → 3)-glucanase were investigated. the molecular mass of the enzyme is 67 kda, as estimated by sds/page, its isoelectric point 7.1, a ... | 2013 | 23520578 |
| x-ray structure and molecular dynamics simulations of endoglucanase 3 from trichoderma harzianum: structural organization and substrate recognition by endoglucanases that lack cellulose binding module. | plant biomass holds a promise for the production of second-generation ethanol via enzymatic hydrolysis, but its utilization as a biofuel resource is currently limited to a large extent by the cost and low efficiency of the cellulolytic enzymes. considerable efforts have been dedicated to elucidate the mechanisms of the enzymatic process. it is well known that most cellulases possess a catalytic core domain and a carbohydrate binding module (cbm), without which the enzymatic activity can be drast ... | 2013 | 23516599 |
| hypocrea lixii, novel endophytic fungi producing anticancer agent cajanol, isolated from pigeon pea (cajanus cajan [l.] millsp.). | the aim was to isolate, identify and characterize endophytes from pigeon pea (cajanus cajan [l.] millsp.), as novel producer of cajanol and its in vitro cytotoxicity assay. | 2013 | 23495919 |
| understanding the cellulolytic system of trichoderma harzianum p49p11 and enhancing saccharification of pretreated sugarcane bagasse by supplementation with pectinase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase. | supplementation of cellulase cocktails with accessory enzymes can contribute to a higher hydrolytic capacity in releasing fermentable sugars from plant biomass. this study investigated which enzymes were complementary to the enzyme set of trichoderma harzianum in the degradation of sugarcane bagasse. specific activities of t. harzianum extract on different substrates were compared with the extracts of penicillium echinulatum and trichoderma reesei, and two commercial cellulase preparations. comp ... | 2013 | 23391738 |
| genetic diversity and species pattern of trichoderma and hypocrea in manipur using in silico analysis. | we investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of trichoderma and hypocrea in manipur which lies in the indo-burma biodiversity hot spot region. 65 trichoderma isolates were identified at species level by morphological as well as sequence based analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 and 4. altogether 22 different species of trichoderma and hypocrea were found, of which trichoderma harzianum represent the dominant species. phylogenetic analysis reveals a clear cut distinction ... | 2013 | 23390355 |
| experimental mixture design as a tool to enhance glycosyl hydrolases production by a new trichoderma harzianum p49p11 strain cultivated under controlled bioreactor submerged fermentation. | this work investigates the glycosyl hydrolase (gh) profile of a new trichoderma harzianum strain cultivated under controlled bioreactor submerged fermentation. the influence of different medium components (delignified steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse, sucrose, and soybean flour) on gh biosynthesis was assessed using experimental mixture design (emd). additionally, the effect of increased component concentrations in culture media selected from the emd was studied. it was found that that a mixed c ... | 2013 | 23265822 |
| [isolation, identification and enzymological characterization of a new fungal with high laccase production from agricultural waste composting]. | a new fungal strain with high laccase production was isolated from the agricultural waste composting. it was identified as hypocrea lixii based on morphological analysis and its sequence. the partial laccase gene of the new strain was successfully amplified using the primer pair cu1af and cu2r. after purification and cloning of the pcr product, a 148 bp fragment of laccase gene was obtained. the laccase activity of the strain reached a peak value of 67.5 u x ml(-1) in liquid medium. the molecula ... | 2012 | 23243884 |
| joint x-ray crystallographic and molecular dynamics study of cellobiohydrolase i from trichoderma harzianum: deciphering the structural features of cellobiohydrolase catalytic activity. | aiming to contribute toward the characterization of new, biotechnologically relevant cellulolytic enzymes, we report here the first crystal structure of the catalytic core domain of cel7a (cellobiohydrolase i) from the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum ioc 3844. our structural studies and molecular dynamics simulations show that the flexibility of tyr260, in comparison with tyr247 from the homologous trichoderma reesei cel7a, is enhanced as a result of the short side-chains of adjacent va ... | 2013 | 23114223 |
| sequence analysis and gene expression of putative oil palm chitinase and chitinase-like proteins in response to colonization of ganoderma boninense and trichoderma harzianum. | chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that cleave the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages between n-acetylglucosamine residues in chitin which is a major component of fungal cell wall. plant chitinases hydrolyze fungal chitin to chitin oligosaccharides that serve as elicitors of plant defense system against fungal pathogens. however, plants synthesize many chitinase isozymes and some of them are not pathogenesis-related. in this study, three full-length cdna sequences encoding a putative chitinase (egchit3-1 ... | 2013 | 23065213 |
| isotope-assisted screening for iron-containing metabolites reveals a high degree of diversity among known and unknown siderophores produced by trichoderma spp. | due to low iron availability under environmental conditions, many microorganisms excrete iron-chelating agents (siderophores) to cover their iron demands. a novel screening approach for the detection of siderophores using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was developed to study the production of extracellular siderophores of 10 wild-type trichoderma strains. for annotation of siderophores, an in-house library comprising 422 known microbial siderophores was ... | 2013 | 23064341 |
| structural diversity of streptococcal mutans synthesized under different culture and environmental conditions and its effect on mutanase synthesis. | streptococcal mutans synthesized under different conditions by growing cultures or by their glucosyltransferases were shown to exhibit a great structural and property diversity. culturing and environmental factors causing structural differences in mutans were specified. all of the obtained biopolymers (76 samples) were water-insoluble and most of them (72) had a structure with a predominance of α-(1→3)-linked glucose (i.e., the content of α-(1→3)-linkages in the glucan was always higher than 50% ... | 2012 | 23047481 |
| trichoderma harzianum ets 323-mediated resistance in brassica oleracea var. capitata to rhizoctonia solani involves the novel expression of a glutathione s-transferase and a deoxycytidine deaminase. | plant interactions with microbial biocontrol agents are used as experimental models to understand resistance-related molecular adaptations of plants. in a hydroponic three-way interaction study, a novel trichoderma harzianum ets 323 mediated mechanism was found to induce resistance to rhizoctonia solani infection in brassica oleracea var. capitata plantlets. the r. solani challenge on leaves initiate an increase in lipoxygenase activity and associated hypersensitive tissue damage with characteri ... | 2012 | 23046447 |
| fusant trichoderma hf9 with enhanced extracellular chitinase and protein content. | strain improvement was carried out to obtain higher chitinase and protein by inter-specific protoplast fusion between trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride. fusant hf9 and parental strains of trichoderma were compared for chitinase and protein production. 1% of glucose, sucrose and fungal cell wall (rhizoctonia solani), were used as carbon source for cultivation of trichoderma and fungal cell wall was the best to induce chitinase and protein. usage of 0.5% colloidal chitin for the fungal ... | 2016 | 23035579 |
| comparative studies on the induction of trichoderma harzianum mutanase by α-(1→3)-glucan-rich fruiting bodies and mycelia of laetiporus sulphureus. | mutanase (α-(1→3)-glucanase) is a little-known inductive enzyme that is potentially useful in dentistry. here, it was shown that the cell wall preparation (cwp) obtained from the fruiting body or vegetative mycelium of polypore fungus laetiporus sulphureus is rich in α-(1→3)-glucan and can be successfully used for mutanase induction in trichoderma harzianum. the content of this biopolymer in the cwp depended on the age of fruiting bodies and increased along with their maturation. in the case of ... | 2012 | 22949817 |
| mrna expression of egchi1, egchi2, and egchi3 in oil palm leaves (elaeis guineesis jacq.) after treatment with ganoderma boninense pat. and trichoderma harzianum rifai. | basal stem rot (bsr) disease caused by the fungus ganoderma boninense is the most serious disease affecting the oil palm; this is because the disease escapes the early disease detection. the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum can protect the disease only at the early stage of the disease. in the present study, the expression levels of three oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) chitinases encoding egchi1, egchi2, and egchi3 at 2, 5, and 8 weeks inoculation were measured in oil palm leaves from ... | 2012 | 22919345 |
| a novel method to prepare concentrated conidial biomass formulation of trichoderma harzianum for seed application. | to prepare concentrated formulation of trichoderma harzianum mtcc-3841 (nbri-1055) with high colony forming units (cfu), long shelf life and efficient in root colonization by a simple scrapping method. | 2012 | 22897244 |
| sequence analysis and gene expression of putative exo- and endo-glucanases from oil palm (elaeis guineensis) during fungal infection. | glucanases are enzymes that hydrolyze a variety β-d-glucosidic linkages. plant β-1,3-glucanases are able to degrade fungal cell walls; and promote the release of cell-wall derived fungal elicitors. in this study, three full-length cdna sequences encoding oil palm (elaeis guineensis) glucanases were analyzed. sequence analyses of the cdna sequences suggested that egglc1-1 is a putative β-d-glucan exohydolase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase (gh) family 3 while egglc5-1 and egglc5-2 are putative gl ... | 2012 | 22854183 |
| differential display of abundantly expressed genes of trichoderma harzianum during colonization of tomato-germinating seeds and roots. | the identification of trichoderma genes whose expression is altered during early stages of interaction with developing roots of germinated seeds is an important step toward understanding the rhizosphere competency of trichoderma spp. the potential of 13 trichoderma strains to colonize tomato root and promote plant growth has been evaluated. all used strains successfully propagated in spermosphere and continued their growth in rhizoplane simultaneously root enlargement while the strains t6 and t7 ... | 2012 | 22810958 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in response to mercury i and ii stress in trichoderma harzianum. | filamentous fungi are very promising organisms in both the control and the reduction of the amount of heavy metal released by human and industrial activities. in particular, trichoderma harzianum demonstrated to be tolerant towards different heavy metals, such as mercury and cadmium, even though the mechanism underlying this tolerance is not fully understood. by using a particular strategy of the suppression subtractive hybridization technique, we were able to identify in the strain imi 393899 o ... | 2012 | 22789863 |
| biochemical and metabolic profiles of trichoderma strains isolated from common bean crops in the brazilian cerrado, and potential antagonism against sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | some species of trichoderma have successfully been used in the commercial biological control of fungal pathogens, e.g., sclerotinia sclerotiorum, an economically important pathogen of common beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.). the objectives of the present study were (1) to provide molecular characterization of trichoderma strains isolated from the brazilian cerrado; (2) to assess the metabolic profile of each strain by means of biolog ff microplates; and (3) to evaluate the ability of each strain to ... | 2012 | 22749168 |
| secretome analysis of the fungus trichoderma harzianum grown on cellulose. | trichoderma harzianum is a mycoparasitic filamentous fungus that produces and secretes a wide range of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes used in cell wall degradation. due to its potential in biomass conversion, t. harzianum draws great attention from biofuel and biocontrol industries and research. here, we report an extensive secretome analysis of t. harzianum. the fungus was grown on cellulose medium, and its secretome was analyzed by a combination of enzymology, 2de, maldi-ms and -ms/ms (autof ... | 2012 | 22745025 |
| blue native-page analysis of trichoderma harzianum secretome reveals cellulases and hemicellulases working as multienzymatic complexes. | plant cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by microorganisms possess important biotechnological applications, including biofuel production. some anaerobic bacteria are able to produce multienzymatic complexes called cellulosomes while filamentous fungi normally secrete individual hydrolytic enzymes that act synergistically for polysaccharide degradation. here, we present evidence that the fungus trichoderma harzianum, cultivated in medium containing the agricultural residue sugarcane bagasse, is ... | 2012 | 22744980 |
| isolation and functional analysis of thmfs1, the first major facilitator superfamily transporter from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum. | a novel major facilitator superfamily (mfs) transporter gene, thmfs1, was isolated from trichoderma harzianum (t. harzianum). a thmfs1 over-expressing mutant displayed enhanced antifungal activity and fungicide tolerance, while the thmfs1 disruption mutant showed the opposite trend. trichodermin production in thmfs1 disruption group (185 mg l(-1)) was decreased by less than 17 % compared to the parental strain, suggesting that thmfs1 is not mainly responsible for trichodermin secretion. real-tim ... | 2012 | 22661043 |
| a cellulolytic hypocrea strain isolated from south american brave straw produces a modular xylanase. | cellulase-producing fungi from the andean regions in bolivia, an ecosystem characterized as an extreme arid highland, were studied. thirty-two isolates were screened for presence of cellulase activity using carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) as carbon source, and activity was confirmed using a filter paper assay. one isolate, denoted as blt1c was selected from this screening, and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) classified the strain as hypocrea lixii. the secretome of blt1c ... | 2012 | 22609439 |
| antagonistic potentiality of trichoderma harzianum towards seed-borne fungal pathogens of winter wheat cv. protiva in vitro and in vivo. | the antagonistic effect of trichoderma harzianum on a range of seed-borne fungal pathogens of wheat (viz. fusarium graminearum, bipolaris sorokiniana, aspergillus spp., and penicillium spp.) was assessed. the potential of t. harzianum as a biocontrol agent was tested in vitro and under field conditions. coculture of the pathogens and trichoderma under laboratory conditions clearly showed dominance of t. harzianum. under natural conditions, biocontrol effects were also obtained against the test f ... | 2012 | 22561850 |
| single-cell protein as an alternative food for zebrafish, danio rerio: a toxicological assessment. | single-cell protein (scp) refers to the dried cells of microorganisms. the aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrional characteristics and possible toxic effects of the scp of trichoderma harzianum. first, t. harzianum was grown on whey filtrate agar medium and the obtained scp was analysed. it was rich in both total protein (34.21%) and ash (4.78%). furthermore, the biomass contained all the essential amino acids, and the amino acid concentrations were very close to the fao reference pro ... | 2013 | 22514118 |
| application of trichoderma harzianum sqr-t037 bio-organic fertiliser significantly controls fusarium wilt and affects the microbial communities of continuously cropped soil of cucumber. | the reduction in diversity of the soil microbial community causes the disorder of continuous cropping. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of applying trichoderma harzianum sqr-t037 bio-organic fertiliser (bio) on the microbial community in continuously cropped cucumber soil. four treatments were set: (1) control, where neither seedling nursery soil (n) nor transplanted soil (t) was amended with bio; (2) n treatment, where nursery soil was amended with bio (1% w/w) but transplante ... | 2012 | 22513876 |
| trichoderma harzianum enhances antioxidant defense of tomato seedlings and resistance to water deficit. | some plant-symbiotic strains of the genus trichoderma colonize roots and induce profound changes in plant gene expression that lead to enhanced growth, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that one of the protective mechanisms enhanced by t. harzianum t22 colonization is the antioxidant defense mechanism. having established that strain t22 modulates the expression of the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, the status of antioxidant defense of toma ... | 2012 | 22512380 |
| qpcr quantification of sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite interaction with fusarium graminearum: in vitro and in planta assays. | sphaerodes mycoparasitica, a biotrophic mycoparasite of fusarium species, improved wheat seed germination and seedling growth in vitro compared to trichoderma harzianum, a necrotrophic mycoparasite. however, under phytotron conditions, both s. mycoparasitica and t. harzianum had positive impact on wheat seedlings growth in the presence of f. graminearum. once exposed to the mycoparasites, the dna quantity of f. graminearum in wheat root decreased. observed shifts in dna quantity using qpcr, a se ... | 2012 | 22476566 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of endoglucanase iii from trichoderma harzianum. | endoglucanases are enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose and are important components of the cellulolytic complex. in contrast to other members of the complex, they cleave internal β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the cellulose polymer, allowing cellulose to be used as an energy source. since biomass is an important renewable source of energy, the structural and functional characterization of these enzymes is of interest. in this study, endoglucanase iii from trichoderma harzianum was produced in pichia pas ... | 2012 | 22442229 |
| separation and identification of volatile compounds from liquid cultures of trichoderma harzianum by gc-ms using three different capillary columns. | a simple, fast, repeatable and less laborious sample preparation protocol was developed and applied for the analysis of biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum strain fa1132 by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the match factors for sample spectra with respect to the mass spectra library of fungal volatile compounds were determined and used to study the complex hydrocarbons and other volatile compounds, which were separated by using different capillary columns with nonpolar, medium pol ... | 2012 | 22407347 |