| significance of cryptococcal antigen titers in patients with aids. | we have described a patient with aids and cryptococcal antigen titers of 1:262,144 in csf and 1:268,435,456 in serum. although the prognosis is poor in aids patients with high cryptococcal antigen titers, this patient responded well to treatment and has been free of clinical recurrence of cryptococcal infection for 2 years. | 1991 | 1948238 |
| treatment of murine cryptococcal meningitis with an sch 39304-amphotericin b combination. | cryptococcal meningitis was induced in balb/c mice by intracerebral infection with cryptococcus neoformans. drug therapy was initiated 1 day later, with mice receiving amphotericin b (amb), sch 39304, combination therapy, or no drug therapy (controls). most, but not all, combinations showed additive benefits, significantly prolonging survival and reducing organism counts in tissues compared with those in controls and groups which received the drugs independently. optimum protection was obtained ... | 1991 | 1952837 |
| [pulmonary pseudotumor caused by cryptococcus neoformans]. | since 1923, eight cases of cryptococcosis have been described in norway, all with meningeal affection. a distinct, solitary infiltration in the upper lobe of the right lung was discovered in a 68 year-old woman. the lobe was extirpated. microbiological and histological investigations showed infection with cryptococcus neoformans. no antimycotic treatment was given. four months later the patient developed osteomyelitis of the skull due to cryptococcosis, and was treated successfully with amphoter ... | 1991 | 1957287 |
| [foudroyant course of generalized cryptococcosis without signs of immune deficiency]. | | 1991 | 1960021 |
| persistence of cryptococcus neoformans in seminal fluid and urine under itraconazole treatment. the urogenital tract (prostate) as a niche for cryptococcus neoformans. | the open questions of the persistence of cryptococcus neoformans in the urogenital tract under antimycotic treatment can be examined under optimal mycological-diagnostic conditions only. the example of a case of cryptococcosis in an aids patient diagnosed and treated with itraconazole in the early secondary stage of cryptococcosis is used to discuss the problems of the persistence of cr. neoformans involvement in the urogenital tract (prostate). data from a ten-week follow-up study are presented ... | 1990 | 1965324 |
| treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with five anti-fungal drugs: the role of amphotericin b. | experiments are described of the treatment of two patients with cryptococcal meningitis using antifungal drugs and amphotericin b. the first patient was a 56-year-old man with a slight azotaemia caused by hypertensive nephrosclerosis. lumbar puncture revealed a positive india ink stain and a positive culture for cryptococcus neoformans; serum titre for cryptococcal antigen was elevated. amphotericin b was not administered because of the patient's slight azotaemia. after admission, the patient re ... | 1990 | 1965500 |
| localized cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with itraconazole. review of medication in 18 cases reported in japan. | a case of localized cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with oral itraconazole is reported. the patient, a 63-year-old japanese housewife, had had an erythematous and partly eroded lesion in the area of her right earlobe for about 10 months. no findings suggesting a primary focus of cryptococcus infection were found in the lung, central nervous system or other internal organs. the isolate obtained from the lesion was identified as cryptococcus neoformans based on the demonstration of e ... | 1990 | 1965550 |
| depletion of cd4+ (l3t4+) lymphocytes in vivo impairs murine host defense to cryptococcus neoformans. | t cell-mediated immunity has been shown to play an important role in the host defense to cryptococcus neoformans. infections due to c. neoformans are increased in patients with aids who are deficient in the cd4+ subset of t lymphocytes. thus, the effect of cd4+ (l3t4+) lymphocyte depletion on murine host defenses to c. neoformans was studied. the mab gk 1.5 was administered to mice, and cd4+ t lymphocyte depletion was confirmed by the analysis of t cell subsets in blood, spleen, lymph node, and ... | 1990 | 1968080 |
| antimicrobial actions of calcium binding leucocyte l1 protein, calprotectin. | the calcium binding l1 protein was found to inhibit growth of blood culture isolates of candida spp and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were 4-128 mg/l, and concentrations 2-4 times the mic were fungicidal. blood culture isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis had mic values of 64-256 mg/l. antibacterial activity was strongly influenced by the nature of the culture medium. ... | 1990 | 1976144 |
| ecology, life cycle, and infectious propagule of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a biotrophic smut-like fungus, and the epidemiology of cryptococcosis can mainly be explained by exposure to an infective aerosolised inoculum. for c neoformans var gattii it is postulated that the principal infectious propagule is the basidiospore and that exposure to eucalyptus camaldulensis, the host tree, is required to initiate infection in man and animals. c neoformans var gattii may have been exported from australia by infected seeds of e camaldulensis containin ... | 1990 | 1976940 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var gattii. | | 1990 | 1978890 |
| killing of cryptococcus neoformans strains by human neutrophils and monocytes. | the susceptibility of various strains of cryptococcus neoformans to killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) and monocytes was investigated. five previously characterized strains of c. neoformans serotype a, a capsule-free mutant, and six recent clinical isolates were compared. pmns and monocytes were isolated from normal peripheral blood and allowed to adhere to the flat-bottom wells of microtiter plates. yeast cells of c. neoformans were added in the presence of normal human serum, ... | 1991 | 1987038 |
| facilitated isolation, purification, and analysis of glucuronoxylomannan of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans was cultured in a chemically defined medium. the culture was adjusted to 0.25% formaldehyde or autoclaved after 5 days of growth at 35 degrees c, and a cell-free supernatant was obtained by centrifugation. solid calcium acetate was added to the supernatant to give a 5% solution, and the ph was adjusted to approximately 5 with glacial acetic acid. the polysaccharide (ps) was precipitated by the addition of 3 volumes of 95% ethanol. the ps was dissolved in 0.2 m nacl, and i ... | 1991 | 1987064 |
| utility of bronchoscopic sampling techniques for cryptococcal disease in aids. | although cryptococcal pneumonia is a well recognized complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, optimal diagnostic approaches remain to be defined. during a 32-month period (october 1984 to june 1987), 11 patients were diagnosed with cp at our institution. the diagnosis was established in all 11 patients from specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy (ten) and/or double-lumen catheter lavage (one). direct stains of sedimented bronchoalveolar lavage were positive for organisms c ... | 1991 | 1989797 |
| binding of cryptococcus neoformans by human cultured macrophages. requirements for multiple complement receptors and actin. | we studied the receptors on human cultured macrophages (mo-m phi) responsible for binding encapsulated and isogenic mutant acapsular strains of cryptococcus neoformans, and whether such binding leads to a phagocytic event. both strains required opsonization with complement components in normal human serum in order for binding to occur. binding of the acapsular, but not the encapsulated, strain led to phagocytosis. mab directed against any of the three defined complement receptors (cr) on mo-m ph ... | 1991 | 1991837 |
| demonstration of a cell wall antigen cross-reacting with cryptococcal polysaccharide in experimental disseminated trichosporonosis. | patients with disseminated infections caused by trichosporon beigelii have a circulating antigen that cross-reacts with the polysaccharide capsule of cryptococcus neoformans. we studied the localization of this antigen by immunoelectron microscopy in a rabbit model of experimental disseminated trichosporonosis. deparaffinized lung sections were examined by using a murine monoclonal anti-cryptococcal polysaccharide antibody and colloidal gold particles coated with goat antibody to murine immunogl ... | 1991 | 1993757 |
| [cage and domestic birds as excreters of cryptococcus neoformans]. | | 1991 | 2001657 |
| l-687,781, a new member of the papulacandin family of beta-1,3-d-glucan synthesis inhibitors. i. fermentation, isolation, and biological activity. | a new beta-1,3-d-glucan synthesis inhibitor, l-687,781 is produced by the cultivation of dictyochaeta simplex atcc 20960. l-687,781 exhibits potent in vitro antifungal activity as well as anti-pneumocystis activity in a rat model. | 1991 | 2001985 |
| binding interactions of murine natural killer cells with the fungal target cryptococcus neoformans. | murine natural killer (nk) cells have been shown to inhibit the growth of the yeastlike organism cryptococcus neoformans both in vivo and in vitro. an essential first step in nk cell-mediated damage of cryptococcal cells is the binding of the nk cell to the cryptococcal cell. the studies presented here focused on the binding event. electron photomicrographs and three-dimensional reconstructions of nk cell-c. neoformans conjugates show that nk cells bind to cryptococci through many microvilli. th ... | 1991 | 2004826 |
| responses of murine natural killer cells to binding of the fungal target cryptococcus neoformans. | natural killer (nk) cells bind to and inhibit the growth of the fungal target cryptococcus neoformans. since c. neoformans is structurally and chemically distinct from the standard tumor cell target used in the model of nk cell-mediated cytotoxicity, this study was designed to investigate the nk cell response after binding to cryptococci. transmission electron micrographs and three-dimensional reconstructions of nk cell-cryptococci conjugates demonstrated focusing of the nk cell centrioles and g ... | 1991 | 2004827 |
| effect of hydrogen peroxide on growth of candida, cryptococcus, and other yeasts in simulated blood culture bottles. | the addition of hydrogen peroxide to blood contained in liquid culture medium increased the dissolved-o2 partial pressure in direct proportion to the volume injected. the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of subcultured clinical isolates of candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, torulopsis glabrata, and other yeasts and on the growth of blood culture isolates of representative pathogenic bacteria was compared with its effect on their growth in vented and unvented stationary bottles. ... | 1991 | 2007641 |
| pancreatic involvement in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | involvement of the pancreas by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has not been adequately addressed and is the object of this review. i analyzed the english language literature, including single case reports of pancreatic involvement and larger series reporting detailed pathological findings of patients with hiv infection. nonspecific pathological changes in the pancreas are frequently seen at autopsy of hiv-infected patients, but are not more common than in controls. several types of ... | 1991 | 2007747 |
| environmental isolation of cryptococcus neoformans gattii from california. | | 1991 | 2010649 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 119 yeast isolates to fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin b and ketoconazole. | the in vitro activity of fluconazole was tested against 13 yeast species (119 strains) isolated from clinical specimens during a 3-month period. for comparative purposes, three other antifungal compounds (5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin b and ketoconazole) were also tested. the tests were carried out using a microautomated method previously developed in our laboratory. the method allowed us to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the four antifungal drugs used. for each of the ... | 1991 | 2013239 |
| comparative in vitro effects of liposomal amphotericin b, amphotericin b-deoxycholate, and free amphotericin b against fungal strains determined by using mic and minimal lethal concentration susceptibility studies and time-kill curves. | multilamellar liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb) was generally less active in vitro against yeast strains than was amphotericin b-deoxycholate or free amphotericin b, although continual agitation of the broth disproportionately increased the activity of l-amb. time-kill studies also demonstrated a slower onset of action of l-amb and supported the hypothesis that liposomes may act as reservoirs for free amphotericin b, which is the active moiety. | 1991 | 2014976 |
| manifestations of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with aids. meningitis is the most frequent manifestation of infection with cryptococcus neoformans; pneumonia due to this organism, though less frequently recognized, is also a significant entity. a retrospective review was performed of all patients seen at duke university medical center between january 1981 and july 1989 who were infected with both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and c. neoformans. of 31 patients with these conc ... | 1991 | 2017634 |
| concurrent systemic cryptococcosis and haemangiosarcoma in a dog. | a young dog with progressive neurological signs was humanely killed by the injection of barbiturate for postmortem examination. lesions in the nose, lung, pancreas, lymph nodes, kidneys and the meninges were heavily infiltrated with cryptococcus neoformans. in addition, haemangiosarcoma was detected in the right atrium. the finding of systemic mycosis and neoplasia together in a young dog suggests an immunosuppressed state. | 1991 | 2019671 |
| killing of cryptococcus neoformans by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in culture. | since cell-mediated immunity (cmi) is critical for host defenses against the encapsulated fungus cryptococcus neoformans, the production of human antifungal effector cells as a consequence of the cmi response was investigated. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were stimulated in culture with killed c. neoformans. stimulated (but not unstimulated) pbmc killed a subsequent inoculum of live encapsulated organisms, with maximal killing seen after 3-7 days. killing required the presence of bo ... | 1991 | 2019758 |
| improved amphotericin b activity by a monoclonal anti-cryptococcus neoformans antibody: study during murine cryptococcosis and mechanisms of action. | current therapy of cryptococcosis is unsatisfactory, particularly in patients with aids. experimental cryptococcosis models in dba/2 mice were used to determine whether the murine monoclonal anticryptococcal antibody (designated e1) might potentiate the chemotherapeutic effect of amphotericin b (amb). according to the inoculum size, these mice died spontaneously from acute pneumonia (high inoculum) or from brain swelling (lower inoculum). amb and e1 together significantly improved the survival o ... | 1991 | 2019759 |
| cryptococcal meningitis in auckland 1969-89. | twenty-six patients with cryptococcal meningitis were seen in auckland between 1969 and 1989. the incidence of cryptococcal meningitis in auckland residents was 0.12 cases/100,000/year. ten (38%) of the patients were maori or pacific island polynesians. nineteen (73%) had a predisposing cause, including immunosuppressive therapy in nine and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in seven. the most common presenting syndrome was a subacute or chronic meningitis. other clinical syndromes in ... | 1991 | 2020443 |
| cryptococcal pleural effusion preceding cryptococcal meningitis in aids. | the authors report a case in which a small cryptococcal pleural effusion preceded the development of severe cryptococcal meningitis in an hiv-positive patient. the appearance of an isolated transient pleural effusion is a very unusual presentation for aids-related complications. the authors suggest that cryptococcal infection be considered in this setting. | 1991 | 2021155 |
| lydicamycin, a new antibiotic of a novel skeletal type. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activity. | a novel antibiotic, designated lydicamycin, was isolated from the fermentation broth of an actinomycete strain identified as streptomyces lydicus. lydicamycin was active against gram-positive bacteria and a certain yeast, but inactive against gram-negative bacteria. | 1991 | 2026553 |
| inflammatory responses to cryptococcosis in congenitally athymic mice. | histopathology revealed that nu/nu mice developed both acute and chronic inflammatory responses following infection with cryptococcus neoformans. in comparison to inflammatory responses in nu/+ mice, the responses in nu/nu mice were delayed, less intense, contained predominantly more polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) than macrophages (m phi s), and did not develop into granulomas. in addition, nu/nu mice developed cryptococcal skin lesions demonstrating that c. neoformans is dermatotropic in a ... | 1991 | 2026961 |
| successful treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with liposomal amphotericin b after failure of treatment with fluconazole and conventional amphotericin b. | | 1991 | 2031700 |
| susceptibility of beige mutant mice to candidiasis may be linked to a defect in granulocyte production by bone marrow stem cells. | the beige mutation in mice has a pervasive effect on mechanisms of host resistance to infectious agents. best characterized are defects in granulocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis, which are associated with increased susceptibility to bacteria, and a deficiency in the levels of natural killer (nk) cells, which has been linked to decreased resistance to both murine cytomegalovirus and the yeast cryptococcus neoformans. the objective of the present experiments was to explore the cellular basis of t ... | 1991 | 2037375 |
| inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans replication by nitrogen oxides supports the role of these molecules as effectors of macrophage-mediated cytostasis. | activated macrophages are able to inhibit the replication of intracellular microbes and tumor cells. in the murine system, this cytostatic effect is associated with the oxidation of l-arginine to l-citrulline, nitrite, and nitrate and is thought to be mediated by an intermediate of this reaction, possibly nitric oxide (no.). by exposing replicating cryptococcus neoformans cells to conditions under which no. is chemically generated, we have observed a cytostatic effect similar to that caused by a ... | 1991 | 2050398 |
| production of species-specific murine monoclonal antibodies against cryptococcus neoformans which recognize a noncapsular exoantigen. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated 7c5, 7c9, and 5g8, against a cytoplasmic antigen of cryptococcus neoformans were produced. mabs 7c5 and 7c9 recognize culture filtrate antigen (exoantigen) of both encapsulated and nonencapsulated isolates of this pathogen, which suggests that they do not recognize capsular polysaccharide material. this is supported by immunofluorescence data which show reactivity of all 3 mabs to cytoplasm and cell membranes only. mab 7c9 also recognized c. neoform ... | 1991 | 2056065 |
| [synthesis and antifungal activity of butenafine hydrochloride (kp-363), a new benzylamine antifungal agent]. | in screening of new antifungal agents, bis(naphthalenemethyl)amines were found to have more potent antifungal activity than clotrimazole. studies on their structure-activity relationships indicated that benzylamines had potent antifungal activity. among them, butenafine hydrochloride (n-p-tert-butylbenzyl-n-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine hydrochloride, kp-363) has proved to show the strongest activity. it exhibits a wide spectrum activity in vitro against particularly dermatophytes (87 strains; ... | 1991 | 2056447 |
| case report 664. cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis. | | 1991 | 2057800 |
| cryptococcosis in beige mice: the effect of congenital defects in innate immunity on susceptibility. | the influence of the beige (bg/bg) mutation on susceptibility to cryptococcosis was assessed by mortality, quantitative culturing, and histopathology of infected organs from bg/bg and bg/+ mice. immunodeficient bg/bg mice were more susceptible to systemic cryptococcosis than immunocompetent bg/+ mice. differences in susceptibility of bg/bg and bg/+ mice corresponded with temporal differences in histopathology. in contrast to bg/+ mice, inflammatory responses in infected tissues from bg/bg mice c ... | 1991 | 2059919 |
| aids-associated cryptococcosis in bujumbura, burundi: an epidemiological study. | cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was isolated from domestic dust in 54% of houses occupied or recently occupied by aids+ cryptococcosis patients and in 20% of control houses randomly chosen in bujumbura, burundi. it was not isolated from wards of similar patients in the university hospital. this seems to prove that patients could not contaminate their own environment and that the presence of c. neoformans var. neoformans had another origin. in 40% of the cases, patients admitted contact w ... | 1991 | 2061793 |
| [antifungal and fungicidal activities of tea extract and catechin against trichophyton]. | we examined tea extract, (-) epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and theaflavin digallate (tf3) for their antifungal and fungicidal activities against trichophyton mentagrophytes, t. rubrum, candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. tea extract (2.5%) inhibited completely the growth of both t. mentagrophytes and t. rubrum. egcg at 2.5 mg/ml failed to inhibit their growth, whereas tf3 at 0.5 mg/ml inhibited the growth. egcg (1mg/ml) showed no fungicidal activity against trichophyton. tf3 (1mg/ml) ... | 1991 | 2062004 |
| differences in cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide structure influence assembly of alternative complement pathway c3 convertase on fungal surfaces. | binding of complement component c3 and factor b to cryptococcus neoformans serotypes a through d via the alternative complement pathway was measured in a system containing fresh nonimmune human serum. serotypes b and c (c. neoformans var. gattii) bound approximately half as many molecules of both complement components as serotypes a and d (c. neoformans var. neoformans). in contrast, removal of xylosyl and glucuronyl side chains from the mannan main chain of capsular polysaccharide by the smith ... | 1991 | 2062324 |
| [the excretion of cryptococcus neoformans (sanfelice) vuillemin 1894 by pet birds]. | a survey on taxonomy, diagnosis, distribution and pathogenicity of cryptococcus neoformans is given. the investigation presented here concerns 1046 fecal samples of avian species, which can be kept in the living area of humans. all together only 15 strains have been isolated, 9 of which originated from the same breeder. | 1991 | 2065610 |
| murine monoclonal antibodies recognizing a non-capsular antigen that distinguishes between cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and c. neoformans var. gattii. | a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) of the igg1 subclass have been made against a cytoplasmic antigen of cryptococcus neoformans. mab 4e2 recognized isolates of c. neoformans var. gatti by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), whilst the other antibodies did not recognize these antigens. by western blot 4e2 recognized determinants at 110-125, 65-70, 45-50 and 36-38 kda. mabs 9e6, 7c7 and 5d9 recognized bands at 36-38 and approximately 30 kda. all 4 mabs (4e2, 9e6, 7c7 and 5d9) recogni ... | 1991 | 2068741 |
| amphotericin b lipid complex therapy of experimental fungal infections in mice. | the amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc), which is composed of amphotericin b and the phospholipids dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, was evaluated for its acute toxicity in mice and for its efficacy in mice infected with a variety of fungal pathogens. ablc was markedly less toxic to mice when it was administered intravenously; it had a 50% lethal dose of greater than 40 mg/kg compared with a 50% lethal dose of 3 mg/kg for fungizone, the desoxycholate form of a ... | 1991 | 2069367 |
| combined therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in murine cryptococcal meningitis. | to assess the possible beneficial effects of combined therapy (fluconazole and flucytosine) in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the immunocompromised host, we compared therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine, individually and combined, in the experimental murine model. balb/c athymic (nu/nu) mice were infected intracerebrally with 150 to 300 cfu of cryptococcus neoformans. in mortality studies, treatment was initiated 24 h postinfection and continued for 10 to 14 days with either flu ... | 1991 | 2069378 |
| [mycological and clinical study of cryptococcosis in yokohama city university hospital during the period from 1965 to 1989]. | among patients examined at the central laboratory of yokohama city university hospital over the 25 years from 1965 to 1989, those whose clinical samples showed cryptococcus were studied in greater detail. the following findings were obtained. of 16 patients who were found to have cryptococcosis, 14 (87.5%) were treated at the department of internal medicine, and one each at the departments of neurosurgery and dermatology. a study of these patients in terms of clinical type revealed 10 patients ( ... | 1991 | 2071957 |
| role of natural killer cells in resistance to systemic cryptococcosis. | these studies demonstrate that cryptococcus neoformans infection induced a dose-dependent augmentation of splenic natural killer (nk) cell activity by bg/+, but not bg/bg mice. to directly assess the role of nk cells in resistance to c. neoformans, bg/+ and bg/bg mice were treated with anti-nk-1.1 monoclonal antibody (mab). anti-nk-1.1-treatment abrogated the augmented nk cell activity observed during c. neoformans infection in bg/+ mice. anti-nk-1.1-treated bg/+ mice had higher c. neoformans co ... | 1991 | 2072032 |
| improvement of amphotericin b activity during experimental cryptococcosis by incorporation into specific immunoliposomes. | cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection that is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the high toxicity of the antifungal agent that is mainly used against cryptococcosis, amphotericin b (amb), accounts for the need for new treatments, especially in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome because of the high relapse rate of cryptococcosis. drug targeting may be one of these alternate treatments. since we have ... | 1990 | 2073097 |
| [tuberculosis sequelae: secondary fungal infections]. | the antibody activities against aspergillus fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans and coccidioides immmitis by complement fixation (cf) were examined for active and cured pulmonary tuberculosis in 1985, and against aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans by indirect hemagglutination (iha) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) in 1986. the antibody activity against aspergillus by cf was positive in 8.6% of the sera and negative against cryptococcus, and coccidioides. the iha results were positiv ... | 1990 | 2077263 |
| [the antifungal action of polygalacic acid glycosides]. | triterpenoid glycosides obtained from solidago virgaurea l. and bellis perennis l. (asteraceae) inhibit the growth of human-pathogenic yeasts (candida and cryptococcus species). first results are given of the investigations on the mode of action and the relationships between structure and activity of these compounds. the intensity of growth inhibition is influenced particularly by the carbohydrate chains of the glycosides. monodesmosidic as well as bisdesmosidic glycosides of polygalacic acid ex ... | 1990 | 2080212 |
| utilization by yeasts of d-glucarate, galactarate, and l-tartarate is uncommon and occurs in strains of cryptococcus and trichosporon. | in 38 yeast genera tested, utilization of d-glucarate was uncommon, occurring with only 10 strains out of 373. the ability was prominent among cryptococcus strains, with 8 out of 8 tested being positive, including the pathogen cryptococcus neoformans. the ability was present also in trichosporon where 2 out of the 4 strains tested were positive. there was a correlation between ability to utilize d-glucarate, galactarate, l-tartarate, and d-glucuronate. use of l-ascorbate occurred in more genera ... | 1990 | 2081332 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans isolated in havana city. | | 1990 | 2087161 |
| inhibition of amphotericin b (fungizone) toxicity to cells by egg lecithin-glycocholic acid mixed micelles. | mixed micelles prepared from egg lecithin and the sodium salt of glycocholic acid markedly inhibited amphotericin b toxicity to mammalian cells without significantly affecting the antifungal effects of the drug. | 1990 | 2088196 |
| periorbital necrotising fasciitis due to cryptococcus neoformans in a healthy young man. | a case report is presented of a healthy 25-year-old man who developed a periorbital necrotising fasciitis after a trivial trauma with a wooden splinter. necrotising fasciitis of the eyelids occurs rarely. cryptococcus neoformans is not described as a causative factor of necrotizing fasciitis. cryptococcus neoformans usually infects patients with immunodeficiencies, diabetes mellitus or steroid therapy. this patient was healthy and developed a periorbital necrotising fasciitis due to cryptococcus ... | 1990 | 2090406 |
| cerebrospinal fluid indices in cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis: the spider web coagulum and its diagnostic significance. | the differentiation between a chronic cryptococcal meningitis and a chronic tuberculous meningitis may cause problems for the clinician only if standard microbiological methods are not applied to the diagnosis of both infections. in a male non-aids patient (50 y), 11 years after a suggested diagnosis of "tuberculous meningitis", meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus was diagnosed and treated accordingly without success. mycobacterium tuberculosis was never found. because fibrin fibres of a spid ... | 1990 | 2090936 |
| investigations of the activity by contact of miconazole sulfosalicylate. | the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of miconazole sulfosalicylate (m.ssa) has been investigated on mycetes (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus niger, trichophyton mentagrophytes), gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris) in comparison with miconazole nitrate (m.nit). the results showed m.ssa has a greater activity than m.nit, particular ... | 1990 | 2093108 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans from canine otitis. | cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated in the clinical material of a 15-year-old male dog with a history of chronic otitis externa by employing helianthus annuus seed agar as a selective medium. the examination of the isolate for sexual compatibility on modified helianthus annuus seed medium revealed that it belonged to filobasidiella neoformans var. neoformans 'alpha' mating type. in the authors' view, this appears to be the first report of isolation of cr. neoformans var. neoformans from dis ... | 1990 | 2093842 |
| [aids pathology: various critical considerations (especially regarding the brain, the heart, the lungs, the hypophysis and the adrenal glands]. | our studies on pathology of aids point to four major conclusions. 1) the brain is often directly affected by the hiv infection (with the characteristics of subacute microglial encephalitis with pathognomonic multinucleated giant cells) and then by opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus, herpes-virus, papova-virus jc (with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy), mycobacterium tuberculosis, toxoplasma gondii, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus; oppor ... | 1990 | 2094837 |
| [bacteremia and fungemia in patients with aids. study of 56 episodes]. | we report 56 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in 45 patients (23%) out of overall 193 cases of aids. 41% of the isolates were gram-negative bacilli, with a predominance of salmonella enteritidis (30%), most of them community-acquired. gram-positive cocci (18 episodes) were hospital-acquired in 61%, with a predominance of staphylococcus sp (10 cases). mycobacteria and cryptococcus neoformans were isolated in 8 patients. 88.8% of our patients with cryptococcosis (8/9) had positive blood culture ... | 1990 | 2099855 |
| bone marrow findings in hiv infection: a pathological study. | the histopathologic changes of bone marrow during infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) are described. bone marrow biopsies from 73 patients at different stages of hiv-1 infection were studied. indications for biopsy included peripheral blood abnormalities, suspicion of lymphoma, or search for specific pathogens. common histopathological features, suggestive of hiv-1 infection but nonpathognomonic were hypercellularity (67%), myelodysplasia (86.1%), plasmacytosis (98.6%) ... | 1990 | 2103865 |
| characterization of a cell population which amplifies the anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity response. | cell-mediated immunity to cryptococcus neoformans can be detected by delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to a culture filtrate antigen of c. neoformans. recently, we have identified a population of cells in spleens of mice immunized with cryptococcal antigen that, when transferred to recipient mice at the time of immunization, amplifies the anticryptococcal dth response. if the cell donor mice are treated with cyclosporin a during induction of the anticryptococcal dth response, the amplifier cel ... | 1990 | 2105273 |
| production of the hexitol d-mannitol by cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and in rabbits with experimental meningitis. | we studied the ability of cryptococcus neoformans to produce the hexitol d-mannitol in vitro and in rabbits with experimental meningitis. twelve of twelve human isolates of c. neoformans produced d-mannitol in yeast nitrogen base plus 1% glucose and released d-mannitol into the medium. in a pilot study, pooled cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from cortisone-treated rabbits given 3 x 10(7) c. neoformans h99 intracisternally contained more d-mannitol (identified by gas chromatography and enzymatically) t ... | 1990 | 2111284 |
| catecholamines and virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans was unable to utilize catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopamine) as sole carbon or nitrogen sources. therefore, catecholamines are not essential growth factors for this fungus and the brain is not a preferred nutritional niche for its growth with regard to catecholamines. to establish whether the brain is a survival niche for c. neoformans and to explain the role of phenoloxidase as a virulence factor, a wild-type strain that had phenoloxidase activity and ... | 1990 | 2117574 |
| rhinophyma-like cryptococcal infection as an early manifestation of aids in a hemophilia b patient. | a hemophilia b patient, seropositive for hiv antibodies since 1984, came to us in march 1989 with a severe necrotizing lesion of the nose. it was an erythematous lesion and looked like rhinophyma. microbiological examination of the skin biopsy showed the presence of cryptococcus neoformans. at the time of the study, the patient was in partial remission after 2 weeks of therapy with fluconazole per os 400 mg/day. he will be treated with the same therapy at maintenance dose (200 mg/day) for a long ... | 1990 | 2120880 |
| human alveolar and peritoneal macrophages mediate fungistasis independently of l-arginine oxidation to nitrite or nitrate. | human alveolar macrophages (ham) from 28 normal volunteers were found to inhibit replication of cryptococcus neoformans. conditions under which fungistasis occurred were different than those required for mouse peritoneal macrophage-mediated fungistasis. inhibition of fungal replication by mouse peritoneal macrophages (mpm) requires that the macrophages are activated and that the cocultures of c. neoformans and macrophages be done in the presence of serum, l-arginine, and endotoxin. during mpm-me ... | 1990 | 2123614 |
| side group addition by xylosyltransferase and glucuronyltransferase in biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide in cryptococcus neoformans. | the capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans consists of an o-acetylated mannan backbone with xylosyl and glucuronyl substituents. we have studied two enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of this polysaccharide. a particulate enzyme preparation contained xylosyltransferase and glucuronyltransferase activities with ph optima of 7.5 and less than 6.5, and optimum incubation temperatures of 25 degrees and 37 degrees c respectively. o-acetylated mannan served as an acceptor for glucuronyl r ... | 1990 | 2125312 |
| coagglutination test (coa) for cryptococcus neoformans circulating antigen detection in cerebral spinal fluid (csf). | we tested 82 csf of 24 renal transplanted patients (rt) with cerebral cryptococcosis, 8 csf of asymptomatic rt patients, 43 csf of proven cryptococcosis cases (positive control) and 35 csf of patients with other diseases (histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and bacterial infections) as negative control. the rt csf were cultured in sabouraud agar slant added with sunflower seeds and both control and rt csf were qualitatively examined by cryptococcosis latex test (crypto-la test). the coa test ... | 1990 | 2135493 |
| [variants and serotypes of cryptococcus neoformans in patients with aids and neurocryptococcosis in são paulo, brazil]. | | 1990 | 2135497 |
| overview of fungal infections in cancer patients. | because fungal infection is a significant factor that determines the morbidity and the mortality of many patients with cancer, it is essential to understand the various predisposing defects that lead to such infections. these defects may be categorized into two broad areas: immune defects and mechanical defects. among the immune defects and the fungal organisms that take advantage of them are: neutropenia, absolute neutrophil count less than 1,000/microl, (candida, aspergillus, mucor, rhizopus, ... | 1990 | 2141182 |
| [urban cycles of zoonotic mycoses]. | based on their own results assembled during mycological examinations of 9958 subjects, 5496 animals and 648 specimens of non-animal substrates, and using data from the literature, the authors tried to formulate general laws concerning the prevalence of causal agents of mycoses with a zoonotic character which circulate steadily in urban areas: microsporum canis, m. persicolor, trichophyton mentagrophytes, m. equinum and t. equinum, t. verrucosum, some geophilic dermatophytes, cryptococcus neoform ... | 1990 | 2150623 |
| the triazole antifungal agents: a review of itraconazole and fluconazole. | fluconazole and itraconazole are two investigational triazole antifungal agents that are currently undergoing clinical trials in the united states. both are active orally, have favorable pharmacokinetics (i.e., good bioavailability, long half-life, low plasma protein binding), and possess activity against several systemic fungal pathogens. in addition, preliminary information suggests that these agents are substantially less toxic than currently available azole compounds. fluconazole and, to a l ... | 1990 | 2161523 |
| comparative morphological and biological studies on the itraconazole- and ketoconazole-resistant mutants of cryptococcus neoformans. | studies were carried out on the resistance in vitro of cryptococcus neoformans to the oral antifungal drugs itraconazole and ketoconazole. none of the six sensitive strains tested developed resistance to itraconazole or ketoconazole by serial transfer on sabouraud's glucose agar plates containing increasing concentrations of either drug. one mutant resistant to itraconazole, and one mutant resistant to ketoconazole, were isolated from the progenies of yeast cells surviving after treatment with a ... | 1990 | 2163443 |
| pradimicins a, b and c: new antifungal antibiotics. ii. in vitro and in vivo biological activities. | pradimicins a, b and c specify novel antibiotics produced by actinomadura hibisca no. p157-2 (atcc 53557) possessing potent and broad antifungal activity in vivo. they showed moderate in vitro antifungal activity against a wide variety of fungi and yeasts including clinically important pathogens, and were highly effective in systemic infection with candida albicans in mice after iv and im administrations. pradimicin a showed in vivo therapeutic activity against c. albicans, cryptococcus neoforma ... | 1990 | 2167304 |
| evaluation of ketoconazole and itraconazole for treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis in cats. | during the first part of a study, cats were inoculated with cryptococcus neoformans via the following routes: intradermal, intranasal, iv, and intracisternal. only use of the iv route of inoculation consistently induced disseminated cryptococcosis. in the second part of the study, disseminated cryptococcosis was experimentally induced in cats via iv inoculation of c neoformans. one month after inoculation, 3 cats were treated with ketoconazole (10 mg/kg of body weight/d) and 3 cats were treated ... | 1990 | 2168688 |
| the pharmacokinetics of bay r3783 and its efficacy in the treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | we studied the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of bay r3783, a new antifungal azole compound, in rabbits and compared it with fluconazole and itraconazole. bay r3783 has at least two active metabolites, bay u3624 and bay u3625. we measured serum concentrations of all three compounds; the peak serum level for the parent compound was approximately two hours post dose. bay r3783 and its metabolites also crossed the blood-csf barrier; the mean csf level of bay r3783 was 30.5% of simultaneous serum lev ... | 1990 | 2172199 |
| [hepatic involvement in aids. a retrospective clinical study in 71 patients]. | in order to determine the extent of liver abnormalities occurring during acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the available histological analyses of liver samples (32 biopsies, 52 autopsies) from 71 aids patients, for the period 1982-1986, were studied retrospectively. hepatomegaly was the most common clinical symptom (23 patients, 32.4%), while jaundice was rare, being seen in only 5 cases (7%). progressive anicteric cholestasis was the most frequently observed biological anomaly (29/52, 55.7%). ... | 1990 | 2175155 |
| immunochemical studies of aspergillus fumigatus mycelial antigens by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting techniques. | differences were detectable among strains of the opportunist fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus when water-soluble (ws) preparations were analysed by combined sds-page and western blotting procedures. a wide range of molecules of apparent molecular masses from approximately 20 to greater than 100 kda showed specific binding to antibodies raised in rabbits to a. fumigatus wall and cytoplasmic components. the ability to bind antibody was markedly reduced by treatment of these antigens with sodi ... | 1990 | 2175766 |
| cutaneous mixed infections in aids. | we report a new case of mixed infection occurring at the same site of the skin in a human immune deficiency virus-positive patient. hyperkeratotic and crusted erosions contained fusospirochetal organisms, cryptococcus neoformans, and another unidentified fungus. | 1990 | 2180339 |
| isolation of cryptococcus neoformans gattii from a patient with aids in southern california. | | 1990 | 2181037 |
| growth inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans by cultured human monocytes: role of the capsule, opsonins, the culture surface, and cytokines. | despite a presumed critical role of macrophages in the host response to cryptococcal infections, previous studies have failed to show growth inhibition of encapsulated cryptococcus neoformans by human peripheral blood cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-m phi). here, we examined whether mo-m phi could be induced to inhibit growth of an encapsulated strain and an isogenic acapsular mutant strain of c. neoformans. mo-m phi were cultured in microwells, and inhibition was measured by comparing ... | 1990 | 2182538 |
| twenty-five years with cryptococcus neoformans. | | 1990 | 2183062 |
| biliary obstruction and cholestasis in aids: case report. | in summary, we have described a patient with aids and a previously unreported cause of biliary tract obstruction. the incidence of cryptococcal visceral lymphadenitis in patients with aids and disseminated cryptococcosis is unknown, but, if present, is probably clinically silent in most instances. however, in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain and cholestasis in such patients, one should consider major biliary duct obstruction due to cryptococcal lymphadenitis. | 1990 | 2183518 |
| cryptococcal cellulitis in congenital lymphedema. | a 27-year-old woman with intestinal lymphangiectasia and congenital lymphedema developed cryptococcal cellulitis as a result of her underlying depressed cell-mediated immune responsiveness. prompt therapy with amphotericin b and 5-fluorocytosine resulted in an excellent outcome. the authors believe that the increasing population of patients with depression of cell-mediated immune response will lead to an increase in the frequency with which cryptococcal cellulitis is seen and emphasize that prop ... | 1990 | 2184141 |
| cryptococcal skeletal infections: case report and review. | cryptococcus neoformans is an uncommon but treatable cause of osteomyelitis that affects both normal and immunocompromised hosts. when not considered as a diagnostic possibility, c. neoformans infection may result in increased morbidity. the spectrum of disease at presentation extends from an asymptomatic patient with an osteolytic lesion on radiograph to a patient with signs and symptoms of systemic disease. once diagnosis has been established (often by closed aspiration), optimal therapy appea ... | 1990 | 2184491 |
| susceptibility of candida albicans and other yeasts to fluconazole: relation between in vitro and in vivo studies. | in vitro studies of fluconazole have demonstrated that test results can be influenced by several test conditions, including medium composition, ph, and size of the starting fungal inoculum. in studies with candida albicans, a few isolates have been identified that are markedly more resistant than other strains of the same species; in several in vivo studies of experimental infections, the more resistant isolates have caused infections less susceptible to fluconazole treatment. these findings cor ... | 1990 | 2184504 |
| fluconazole therapy for experimental cryptococcosis and candidiasis in the rabbit. | fluconazole is a second-generation azole compound with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. it has been examined in several animal models emphasizing important clinical sites of infection with common yeast pathogens. the drug has an excellent pharmacokinetic profile for central nervous system, renal, and ocular infections; at these sites fluconazole has been successful in the treatment of infections with cryptococcus neoformans or candida albicans. on the basis of the experience in animals, fluco ... | 1990 | 2184508 |
| overview: treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. | infections caused by cryptococcus neoformans cause significant morbidity and high mortality, particularly among immunocompromised patients. cryptococcal meningitis is an important cause of central nervous system disease and death in patients with aids. although the introduction of amphotericin b has greatly improved the prognosis of patients with cryptococcal meningitis, 30 years of experience have revealed important clinical limitations, including modest efficacy, nephrotoxicity, other clinical ... | 1990 | 2184512 |
| [opportunistic infections in hiv-infected patients]. | hiv-infected patients are prone to frequent opportunistic infections (oi). their fundamental differences to infections in the immunocompetent host are explained. the most frequent oi is pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. a brief overview on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of encephalitis due to toxoplasma gondii, candidiasis, meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans, tuberculosis, infection by atypical mycobacteria, infection by viruses of the herpes group--in particular cytomegalovir ... | 1990 | 2187221 |
| opsonization of cryptococcus neoformans by a family of isotype-switch variant antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide. | a family of immunoglobulin isotype-switch variants was isolated by sib selection from a murine hybridoma which produced an immunoglobulin g subclass 1 (igg1) antibody specific for the capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans. antibodies of the igg1, igg2a, and igg2b isotypes had similar serotype specificity patterns in double immunodiffusion assays which used polysaccharides of the four cryptococcal serotypes as antigens. a quantitative difference in the ability of the isotypes to form ... | 1990 | 2187813 |
| fungal pneumonia in transplant recipients. | fungal pneumonia is an infrequent but devastating complication of solid organ transplantation. the suspicion of fungal pulmonary infections caused by the dimorphic fungi is based on particular knowledge about the recipient's past or present residence in an endemic area. some fungi, such as cryptococcus neoformans, candida sp and mucor sp are associated with concomitant diabetes mellitus. the level of immunosuppressive therapy is also a major predisposing factor. for some fungi, such as coccidioi ... | 1990 | 2188321 |
| 3-methoxysampangine, a novel antifungal copyrine alkaloid from cleistopholis patens. | further examination of the active ethanolic extract of the root bark of cleistopholis patens by using bioassay-directed fractionation resulted in the isolation of a new alkaloid, 3-methoxysampangine (compound i), together with three known alkaloids, eupolauridine (compound ii), liriodenine (compound iii), and eupolauridine n-oxide (compound iv). the proposed structure of compound i was based on its physicochemical properties and spectral data. 3-methoxysampangine exhibited significant antifungal ... | 1990 | 2188584 |
| antifungal activity in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma after intravenous administration of allium sativum. | commercial allium sativum (garlic) extract was given intravenously to two patients with cryptococcal meningitis and three patients with other types of meningitis. plasma titers of anti-cryptococcus neoformans activity rose twofold over preinfusion titers. anti-c. neoformans activity was detected in four of five cerebrospinal fluid samples but not in pooled normal cerebrospinal fluid. | 1990 | 2188589 |
| an anti-cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody directed against galactoxylomannan. | six monoclonal antibodies (mab) were produced by immunizing mice with a cryptococcus neoformans serotype a spheroplast lysate (cnsl). two mab were of the igg1 isotype; the others were igm. the results obtained with one igm mab (cn6) are reported herein. this mab recognized the four serotypes of c. neoformans and no cross-reactions were observed with extracts from cryptococcus melibiosum, candida albicans, saccharomyces cerevisiae, torulopsis glabrata or trichosporon beigelii. fractionation of th ... | 1990 | 2189167 |
| growth of opportunistic yeasts on vitamin-free solid medium. | the growth of some opportunistic yeasts (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, torulopsis glabrata, rhodotorula rubra, geotrichum candidum, trichosporon cutaneum, saccharomyces cerevisiae) was essayed in a solid minimal synthetic medium without vitamins. from the preliminary results some species (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, rhodotorula rubra, geotrichum candidum and saccharomyces cerevisiae) seem to be autotrophic regarding the growth factor considered indispensable for their ... | 1990 | 2191196 |
| cell-wall glucans of cryptococcus neoformans cap 67. | purified cell walls derived from cryptococcus neofromans cap 67, an acapsular mutant, consisted of 86% glc and 7.3% glcnac. the integrity of the cell walls was disrupted in three successive extractions with 60% 4-methylmorpholine n-oxide (4-mmno) at 120 degrees. four 4-mmno-soluble d-glucopyranans were isolated. released within 0.5 h was water-insoluble gi-1, followed by two water-soluble gs fractions and water-insoluble gi-2 over 17.5 h. a 4-mmno-insoluble residue, containing 27% of glcnac, was ... | 1990 | 2191777 |
| cytoplasmic components of natural killer cells limit the growth of cryptococcus neoformans. | murine natural killer (nk) cell-mediated inhibition of growth of a yeast-like target cell, cryptococcus neoformans, was completely abrogated by blocking the effector cell secretory process with monensin. therefore, further studies were performed to determine the ability of various cytoplasmic fractions of nk cells to mediate inhibition of cryptococcal growth. percoll-fractionated homogenates of rat lgl tumor cells demonstrated that the granule-containing fractions plus three additional sets of l ... | 1990 | 2193078 |
| cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and other fungi bind specifically to the glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-1cer), a possible adhesion receptor for yeasts. | the role of glycosphingolipids as adhesion receptors for yeasts was examined. cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as histoplasma capsulatum and sporotrichum schenckii (in their yeast phases), bound specifically to lactosylceramide (gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-1cer), as measured by overlaying glycosphingolipid chromatograms with 125i-labeled organisms. an unsubstituted galactosyl residue was required for binding, because the yeasts did not bind to glucosylc ... | 1990 | 2194958 |
| opsonic activity of cerebrospinal fluid in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. | the role of antibody in protection against infection with cryptococcus neoformans is undefined. in this paper we describe the development of opsonic activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of rabbits in response to cryptococcal meningitis. the opsonin appeared to be immunoglobulin g (igg); the activity was heat stable, copurified with the igg fraction during protein a separation, and could be absorbed by encapsulated cryptococci. immunosuppression with cyclosporine could be administered to pre ... | 1990 | 2194960 |