| antibodies to antigens of histoplasma, blastomyces and candida in hiv patients and carriers in nigeria. | serum samples from 60 subjects with confirmed hiv-1 infection including 28 aids patients and 32 carriers were examined by immunodiffusion for precipitating antibodies to antigens of histoplasma, blastomyces and candida. seven of the subjects, four patients and three carriers, showed antibodies to histoplasmin prepared from mycelial cultural filtrate of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and h. capsulatum var. duboisii although without any clinical signs of classical or african histoplasmosis ... | 2000 | 10948814 |
| small subunit ribosomal dna sequence shows paracoccidioides brasiliensis closely related to blastomyces dermatitidis. | the similarities of paracoccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis are highly suggestive of a close relation of the two etiological agents. whereas the agent of the first disease is exclusively endemic in latin america, the agent of the latter one is endemic in north america and africa. in symptomatic travelers visiting both areas of endemicity, differentiation of the diseases might be impossible, even though therapy and prognosis for these two diseases differ significantly. in order to identify diffe ... | 2000 | 10970355 |
| molecular basis of pathogenicity in blastomyces dermatitidis: the importance of adhesion. | an understanding of the molecular bases of pathogenicity in blastomyces dermatitidis and related systemic dimorphic fungi has been limited until recent years. yeast cells of b. dermatitidis display an adhesion promoting protein termed wi-1. recent studies entailing homologous gene targeting and mutation of wi-1 have provided null mutants at this locus and demonstrated the crucial role of the wi-1 adhesin in pathogenesis of blastomycosis. ongoing studies are pointing to a link between phase-speci ... | 2000 | 10972490 |
| a new pcr primer for the identification of paracoccidioides brasiliensis based on rrna sequences coding the internal transcribed spacers (its) and 5 x 8s regions. | internal transcribed spacer (its) genes including the 5.8s ribosomal (r)rna of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were amplified and the dna sequences were determined. based on a comparison of the sequence information, a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer pair was designed for specific amplification of dna for p. brasiliensis. this primer pair amplified a 418-bp dna sequence and was 100% successful in identifying 29 strains of p. brasiliensis (including the reference strains) isolated from th ... | 2000 | 10975701 |
| disseminated blastomycosis in two california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | two captive california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from different facilities were diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis. the first, a 12-yr-old male, died after a 3-wk history of progressive anorexia and lethargy. gross examination revealed acute jejunitis with focal perforation and associated peritonitis, along with severe purulent bronchopneumonia. the second, a 15-yr-old female, was euthanized after a 2-wk history of severe cutaneous ulceration and declining clinical condition. gro ... | 2000 | 10982135 |
| extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for overwhelming blastomyces dermatitidis pneumonia. | | 1999 | 11056730 |
| correlation of susceptibility of immature mice to fungal infection (blastomycosis) and effector cell function. | immature mice are highly susceptible to blastomycosis, which is similar to other mycoses and has parallels in humans. the murine susceptibility is noteworthy in that it persists beyond the development of resistance to other, nonfungal pathogens and the maturation of most immune functions. as the susceptibility to blastomycosis appeared to be related to an early event after infection, primary effector cell function was studied. we found that peritoneal inflammatory cells, enriched for neutrophils ... | 2000 | 11083802 |
| interleukin 12 as an adjuvant to wi-1 adhesin immunization augments delayed-type hypersensitivity, shifts the subclass distribution of immunoglobulin g antibodies, and enhances protective immunity to blastomyces dermatitidis infection. | cell-mediated immunity is pivotal in host resistance to blastomyces dermatitidis infection. immunization of mice with the wi-1 adhesin enhances resistance against experimental pulmonary infection but elicits features of a mixed t-helper-cell immune response. immune mice acquire delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) but also high titers of wi-1-specific immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) and igg2b, a result indicative of t-helper-2 cellular immunity. we report that interleukin-12, used as an adjuvant for wi- ... | 2000 | 11083850 |
| mutation of the wi-1 gene yields an attenuated blastomyces dermatitidis strain that induces host resistance. | systemic fungal infections are becoming more common and difficult to treat, and vaccine prevention is not available. pulmonary infection with the dimorphic fungus blastomyces dermatitidis often progresses and requires treatment to prevent fatality. we recently created a recombinant strain of the fungus lacking the wi-1 adhesin and pathogenicity. we show here that administration of viable yeast of this attenuated strain vaccinates against lethal pulmonary experimental infection due to isogenic an ... | 2000 | 11104791 |
| blastomycosis: organ involvement and etiologic diagnosis. a review of 123 patients from mississippi. | blastomycosis can only be diagnosed through the identification of the yeasts of blastomyces dermatitidis in body fluids, tissues, or cultured material. the charts from 123 patients treated for blastomycosis at the university of mississippi medical center from january 1980 through may 2000 were reviewed to determine the role of wet preparation, cytology, histology, and culture in diagnosing this fungal disease. cytology uncovered the etiologic agent in 56.1% of all cases and in 71.8% of pulmonary ... | 2000 | 11149972 |
| the wi-1 adhesin blocks phagocyte tnf-alpha production, imparting pathogenicity on blastomyces dermatitidis. | the wi-1 adhesin is indispensable for pathogenicity of blastomyces dermatitidis and is thought to promote pulmonary infection by fixing yeast to lung tissue and cells. recent findings suggest that wi-1 confers pathogenicity by mechanisms in addition to adherence. here, we investigated whether wi-1 modulates host immunity by altering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. production of tnf-alpha in lung alveolar fluids of mice infected with b. dermatitidis was severalfold higher for wi-1 knock ... | 2001 | 11160330 |
| pathological case of the month. blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 2001 | 11177071 |
| mycoses associated with aids in the third world. | despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the epidemiological status of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is far from under control in most of the developing world. sub-saharan africa, southeast asia and india show increased rates of new infections. in latin america and the caribbean there were 1.6 million estimated cases of hiv-infected patients at the end of 1997. fungal diseases have been one of the most relevant diagnoses in relation to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrom ... | 2000 | 11204155 |
| paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a postpartum pap smear. a case report. | there are several reported cases that describe female genital tract infections with opportunistic fungi, such as blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, aspergillus flavus, cryptococcus neoformans and mucor. we describe a case of paracoccidiodomycosis limited to the uterine cervix. to the best of our knowledge, no such case has been described before in the english-language literature. | 2001 | 11213509 |
| selective expression of the virulence factor bad1 upon morphogenesis to the pathogenic yeast form of blastomyces dermatitidis: evidence for transcriptional regulation by a conserved mechanism. | most dimorphic fungal pathogens grow as non-pathogenic moulds in soil and convert to pathogenic yeast in the host, suggesting that virulence factors are upregulated during phase transition. such factors have been difficult to identify. we analysed bad1 (formerly wi-1), a virulence factor in the dimorphic fungus blastomyces dermatitidis, for expression in yeast and mycelial morphotypes. bad1 was expressed in yeast but not in mycelia of north american strains of b. dermatitidis, and this expressio ... | 2001 | 11251809 |
| in situ hybridization for the identification of yeastlike organisms in tissue section. | the identification of yeast and yeastlike organisms in tissue sections can be very difficult. biopsy tissues may be limited, with only occasional organisms present. in addition, several common species have overlapping histologic features. deoxyribonucleic acid probes were designed to detect both the 18s and 28s ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences of five fungal organisms with a high degree of specificity for each fungus. each of these organisms--blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, c ... | 2001 | 11277390 |
| blastomyces dermatitidis with large yeast forms. | yeast forms of blastomyces dermatitidis typically range from 8 to 20 microm in largest diameter. we report a rare case of primary pulmonary blastomycosis with an unusual morphology, in which we found significant numbers of large yeast forms ranging from 30 to 35 microm in diameter. to our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of giant forms of b dermatitidis. we also review the literature and discuss the possible association of this unusual morphology with immunosuppression in general ... | 2001 | 11300940 |
| [cutaneous blastomycosis revealing a corticoadenoma]. | blastomycosis is an uncommon chronic granulomatosis caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. we present a case with a skin localization that disclosed malignant corticoadenoma. | 2001 | 11319392 |
| public health response to 2 clinical cases of blastomycosis in colorado residents. | we summarize the public health response after the identification of 2 cases of pneumonia caused by blastomyces dermatitidis infection in colorado residents. the response to these cases emphasizes the need for physicians to add fungal infection to the list of differential diagnoses for patients who have refractory pneumonia, even those who live in areas of nonendemicity. | 2001 | 11340548 |
| clinical, cytologic and histopathologic manifestations of protothecosis in two dogs. | two cases of sudden onset of blindness associated with ocular protothecosis in dogs are reported. both were adult, spayed female, mixed-breed dogs that lacked the usual clinical signs of systemic infection with prototheca species. physical abnormalities at the time of presentation were limited to the affected eyes which had serous discharge, hyperemic conjunctiva, and aqueous flare. the pupillary light reflexes were slow, and the menace reflexes were absent. both dogs had glaucoma. results of co ... | 1998 | 11397236 |
| a novel heparin-coated hydrophilic preparation of amphotericin b hydrosomes. | amphotericin b hydrosomes (ah; access pharmaceuticals inc) are a novel formulation of hydrophilic, heparin-surfaced nanoparticles (mean diameter 105 nm) containing amphotericin b (amb) designed to target infected sites by local adhesion. ah are cleared in part by a hepatobiliary mechanism, which results in a reduction of amb concentration in major organs by about 50% in 24 h. in mice with pulmonary blastomycosis, unlike fungizone (bristol-myers squibb inc), a deoxycholate micellar formulation of ... | 2001 | 11566003 |
| rapid identification of dimorphic and yeast-like fungal pathogens using specific dna probes. | specific oligonucleotide probes were developed to identify medically important fungi that display yeast-like morphology in vivo. universal fungal primers its1 and its4, directed to the conserved regions of ribosomal dna, were used to amplify dna from histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, penicillium marneffei, sporothrix schenckii, cryptococcus neoformans, five candida species, and pneumocystis carinii. specific oligonucleotide pro ... | 2001 | 11574564 |
| role of glucan and surface protein bad1 in complement activation by blastomyces dermatitidis yeast. | our previous studies showed that blastomyces dermatitidis yeast activates the human complement system, leading to deposition of opsonic complement fragments onto the yeast surface. this report examines the influence of altered surface expression of glucan or bad1 protein (formerly wi-1) on the yeast's ability to activate and bind c3. compared to the wild type, a glucan-deficient mutant yeast delayed initiation of c3 deposition and reduced c3-binding capacity by 50%. linkage of baker's-yeast beta ... | 2001 | 11705933 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related blastomycosis in an unusual geographic location. | blastomycosis is a fungal infection acquired via inhalation of blastomyces dermatitidis. the majority of cases occur in central, southeastern, and mid-atlantic areas of the united states. we report the case of a 42-year-old veteran infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who presented in e1 paso, texas, with a dry cough, fever, and recent weight loss. we review the clinical and epidemiologic features of blastomycosis. diagnostic criteria and pharmacologic management are discussed. active ... | 2001 | 11725316 |
| using new genetic tools to study the pathogenesis of blastomyces dermatitidis. | fungal pathogens have emerged as a public health menace owing to the expanding population of vulnerable patients and a heightened exposure to fungi in our environment, particularly for the systemic dimorphic fungi that inhabit soil worldwide. a better understanding of these invaders and their pathogenic mechanisms is badly needed to further research into therapeutic options. advances in the molecular tools available for genetic manipulation of blastomyces dermatitidis have enhanced our ability t ... | 2002 | 11755082 |
| studies on the molecular ecology of blastomyces dermatitidis. | the microecology of blastomyces dermatitidis, the dimorphic etiologic agent of the potentially fatal systemic fungal infection, blastomycosis, is not well defined. blastomyces dermatitidis may occur periodically at natural sites, perhaps aided by rotting organic material, animal droppings and physical changes. semi-quantitative growth studies of b. dermatitidis on 2% agar plates determined the ability to utilize or tolerate a variety of substrates including simple and complex molecules as carbon ... | 2001 | 11761145 |
| immunoreactivity of the fungal cell wall. | the cell wall is the major fungal structure involved in the interaction with the host and most of the immunological effects observed with intact fungal cells have been reproduced with cell-wall components. as a result of the exposure to fungal antigens, most individuals develop both cellular and antibody responses intended to limit the invasiveness or to eradicate the fungus from the infected tissues. however, a number of fungi including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, blastomyces der ... | 2001 | 11800264 |
| genetic diversity and transcriptional analysis of the bys1 gene from blastomyces dermatitidis. | blastomyces dermatitidis, a pathogenic fungal organism, is able to exist in two different morphologies, a multicellular mycelium or a unicellular yeast, according to temperature, 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c respectively. the switching between morphologies must be accompanied by a cascade of signaling events in which expression of genes responsible for the change of morphology is increased or decreased. bys1, a gene from b. dermatitidis isolate #58, is expressed at high levels in the unicellula ... | 2001 | 11811639 |
| transferrin independent serum inhibition of blastomyces dermatitidis. | human serum has been reported to inhibit the growth of several fungal pathogens. serum inhibitory activity has predominantly been associated with transferrin-mediated iron binding. we found that serum from several animal species (human, dog, mouse and fetal bovine) inhibited the growth of the dimorphic fungal pathogen, blastomyces dermatitidisin vitro. in initial studies, we found no correlation between the total iron-binding capacity of various sera and their inhibitory activity against b. derm ... | 2002 | 11812214 |
| blastomycosis: more evidence for exposure near one's domicile. | our previous publications on the epidemiology of blastomycosis suggested that the etiologic organism, blastomyces dermatitidis, may be acquired at home, however this view was challenged in an editorial. | 2001 | 11816782 |
| fungal skin infections in organ transplant recipients. | transplantation is now currently and increasingly performed for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases. today the kidney, heart, lung, heart-lung, liver, pancreas, kidney-pancreas, small bowel and bone marrow are being transplanted. the immunological status of patients receiving such transplants exposes them to the risk of developing bacterial, viral and fungal infections. the etiological agents of mycotic diseases involving the skin of transplant recipients range from the common de ... | 2002 | 11817966 |
| review of the safety and efficacy of voriconazole. | voriconazole is a new triazole antifungal agent structurally related to fluconazole, but with improved potency and spectrum of activity. voriconazole has good in vitro activity against candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus spp. and other mould spp. initial clinical studies and case reports demonstrate efficacy with voriconazole against invasive aspergillosis and infections caused by c. neoformans, scedosporium apiospermum, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis and histop ... | 2002 | 11866669 |
| pulmonary blastomycosis: an appraisal of diagnostic techniques. | pulmonary blastomycosis often mimics bacterial pneumonia or bronchogenic carcinoma, which may result in delayed therapy or the performance of unnecessary diagnostic procedures. we have reviewed the utilization of diagnostic techniques in the workup of patients with pulmonary blastomycosis, defined their diagnostic yields, and proposed an optimal diagnostic approach for the patient in whom pulmonary blastomycosis is considered. | 2002 | 11888958 |
| epidemiology and clinical spectrum of blastomycosis diagnosed at manitoba hospitals. | blastomyces dermatitidis is a dimorphic fungus endemic to canada and the united states. few reports regarding blastomycosis in canada have been published. we retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 143 patients with confirmed cases of blastomycosis diagnosed in hospitals in manitoba, canada, from 1988 through 1999. the annual incidence rate of blastomycosis in manitoba was 0.62 cases per 100,000 population, compared with 7.11 cases per 100,000 population in the kenora, ontario district. t ... | 2002 | 11981725 |
| attempted isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis from rectal cultures of beaver (castor canadensis) from north central wisconsin. | | 1996 | 11990111 |
| cluster of pulmonary blastomycosis in a rural community: evidence for multiple high-risk environmental foci following a sustained period of diminished precipitation. | much of our understanding of the epidemiologic features of infection with blastomyces dermatitidis has come from cluster and outbreak investigations which have established the association of human disease with recreational pursuits and the presence of infectious microfoci in areas of moist soil with high organic content. this report describes the clustering of eight cases of pulmonary blastomycosis without an apparent common source exposure which occurred during a 90 day period in a 96 square mi ... | 2002 | 11998870 |
| serological differences in two blastomyces dermatitidis isolates from different geographical regions of north america. | yeast phase lysate antigens were prepared from two isolates (t-58 and erc-2) from different geographic locations. tennessee and wisconsin. these lysate were evaluated with respect to their ability to detect antibody in dogs infected with blastomycosis and rabbits immunized with the lysates by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). both the dog sera and rabbit sera assays demonstrated that there were serological differences in these two isolates, which implied that there was antigenic vari ... | 2002 | 11998876 |
| bad1, an essential virulence factor of blastomyces dermatitidis, suppresses host tnf-alpha production through tgf-beta-dependent and -independent mechanisms. | we investigated how bad1, an adhesin and virulence factor of blastomyces dermatitidis, suppresses phagocyte proinflammatory responses. wild-type yeast cocultured with murine neutrophils or macrophages prompted release of a soluble factor into conditioned supernatant that abolished tnf-alpha production in response to the fungus; isogenic, attenuated bad1 knockout yeast did not have this effect. phagocytes released 4- to 5-fold more tgf-beta in vitro in response to wild-type yeast vs bad1 knockout ... | 2002 | 12023375 |
| a technique for creating localized subcutaneous blastomyces granulomas in rats. | our purpose was to develop a simple, reliable method for creating subcutaneous blastomyces dermatitidis nodules in rats and to describe the histologic appearance of these lesions. we used b. dermatitidis isolated from a dog with blastomycosis to prepare a blastomyces yeast suspension. four rats were used to test initial dose concentrations of 10(5), 10(6), 10(9), and 10(10) yeast organisms. the dose was administered subcutaneously over the distal tibia in a volume of 0.1 ml. we then inoculated 3 ... | 2002 | 12051658 |
| voriconazole -- better chances for patients with invasive mycoses. | the past two decades have witnessed an increase in serious fungal infections, without corresponding growth in available antifungal agents. voriconazole (vrc) is a novel triazole antifungal, recently approved in europe for treatment of serious infections caused by aspergillus, fusarium, scedosporium, and resistant candida species. voriconazole has in vitro activity against yeasts and yeast-like fungi similar, or superior to, fluconazole (flc), itraconazole (itc) and amphotericin b (amb). candida ... | 2002 | 12069915 |
| pulmonary thromboembolism associated with blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog. | an 8-year-old, male castrated golden retriever presented for cough and increased respiratory effort. radiographs revealed an alveolar pattern in the right caudal lung lobe and an opacity at the carina suspected to be enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes. the disease progressed to involve the right middle lung lobe. cytopathology of a fine-needle aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were nondiagnostic. surgical removal of the right caudal lung lobe and biopsy of the perihilar lymph nodes re ... | 2002 | 12220026 |
| delayed diagnosis of osseous blastomycosis in two patients following environmental exposure in nonendemic areas. | blastomycosis generally results from inhalation of blastomyces dermatitidis conidia following exposure to contaminated soil in an endemic area. primary infections commonly involve the lungs, although secondary dissemination to other body sites may occur. we describe 2 cases of osseous blastomycosis in people living outside the endemic areas. both patients reported exposure to soilfollowing injury to the knee from occupational activities. mold isolated from each case was identified as b dermatiti ... | 2002 | 12375640 |
| detection of cell wall galactomannoprotein afmp1p in culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus and in sera of aspergillosis patients. | mannoproteins are important and abundant structural components of fungal cell walls. the afmp1 gene encodes a cell wall galactomannoprotein of aspergillus fumigatus. in the present study, we show that afmp1p is secreted into the cell culture supernatant at a level that can be detected by western blotting. a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) developed with antibodies against afmp1p was capable of detecting this protein from the cell culture supernatant of a. fumigatus. the anti- ... | 2002 | 12409437 |
| molecular genetic analysis of blastomyces dermatitidis reveals new insights about pathogenic mechanisms. | fungal pathogens have emerged as a public health menace owing to the expanding population of vulnerable patients and to a heightened exposure to fungi in our environment, particularly for the systemic dimorphic fungi that inhabit soil worldwide. a better understanding of these microbes and their pathogenic mechanisms is badly needed to further research into therapeutic options. advances in the molecular tools for genetic manipulation of blastomyces dermatitidis have enhanced our ability to study ... | 2002 | 12452282 |
| cutaneous lesions showing giant yeast forms of blastomyces dermatitidis. | the yeast forms of blastomyces dermatitidis usually range from 8 to 15-20 micro m in diameter. larger yeast forms have previously been reported only twice in immunosuppressed patients. in both patients these large forms were seen within the lung. | 2002 | 12453301 |
| requisite elements in vaccine immunity to blastomyces dermatitidis: plasticity uncovers vaccine potential in immune-deficient hosts. | understanding fundamental mechanisms of vaccine immunity will allow proper use and optimization of vaccines. vaccination with a genetically engineered, live, attenuated strain of blastomyces dermatitidis carrying a targeted deletion at the bad1 locus confers sterilizing immunity against experimental lethal pulmonary infection. we found in this study that alphabeta t cells are requisite for durable vaccine immunity, whereas other t and b cells are dispensable. in immune-competent animals, cd4(+) ... | 2002 | 12471131 |
| serological differences in three blastomyces dermatitidis strains. | yeast phase lysate antigens, prepared from three isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis (t-58, tennessee dog; 48089, zaire human; erc-2, wisconsin dog) were assayed for their ability to detect antibodies in human sera, dog sera and sera from rabbits immunized with each of the lysate antigens. the dog sera were from animals diagnosed with blastomycosis from various endemic regions in north america. t-58 and erc-2 lysate antigens exhibited a high reactivity with the serum from dogs infected with bla ... | 2002 | 12472717 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens integrates transfer dna into single chromosomal sites of dimorphic fungi and yields homokaryotic progeny from multinucleate yeast. | the dimorphic fungi blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum cause systemic mycoses in humans and other animals. forward genetic approaches to generating and screening mutants for biologically important phenotypes have been underutilized for these pathogens. the plant-transforming bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens was tested to determine whether it could transform these fungi and if the fate of transforming dna was suited for use as an insertional mutagen. yeast cells from both fung ... | 2002 | 12477790 |
| blastomycosis of the vocal folds with life-threatening upper airway obstruction: a case report. | blastomycosis is a chronic fungal disease that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract. the acute inflammatory phase of the primary pulmonary infection is characterized by a lymphohematogenous spread to extrapulmonary sites, especially the skin. the presence of disseminated infection with blastomyces dermatitidis in the larynx is unusual. in areas of the united states where this fungus is endemic, failure to consider laryngeal involvement might lead to inappropriate therapy and thus worsen ... | 2002 | 12516383 |
| nested pcr assays for detection of blastomyces dermatitidis dna in paraffin-embedded canine tissue. | a blastomyces dermatitidis nested pcr assay targeting the gene encoding the wisconsin 1 (wi-1) adhesin was developed and compared with a nested pcr targeting the 18s rrna gene (rdna) of members of the family onygenaceae: we examined 73 paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from nine dogs which died of blastomycosis and nine dogs which succumbed to lymphosarcoma according to autopsy findings; amplifiable canine dna was extracted from 25 and 33 specimens from the two groups, respectively. the ... | 2003 | 12517849 |
| disseminated blastomycosis. | a 26-year-old veiled saudi-arabian woman presented with hemoptysis, and multiple nodules and abscesses. a skin biopsy specimen revealed yeast forms consistent with blastomyces dermatitidis. fungal cultures from bronchoscopy and skin specimens also grew b dermatitidis. she was treated with oral itraconazole (200 mg twice a day). both lung and skin lesions showed improvement within 6 weeks. | 2003 | 12522382 |
| comparison of seven blastomyces dermatitidis antigens for the detection of antibodies in humans with occupationally acquired blastomycosis. | yeast phase lysate antigens, prepared from seven isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis (dogs, t-58, m-98; human, le; soil, s; sea lion, sl; polar bear, pb; cat, c) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies in human sera. the sera were from individuals potentially exposed to b. dermatitidis while working on a prairie dog relocation project in colorado. all antigens exhibited greatest reactivity with three specimens in two separate assays. absorbance values rang ... | 2002 | 12572716 |
| pcr assay for identification of histoplasma capsulatum based on the nucleotide sequence of the m antigen. | the major diagnostic antigens of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum are the h and m antigens, pluripotent glycoproteins that elicit both humoral and t-cell-mediated immune responses. the gene encoding the m antigen has previously been sequenced, and its sequence has significant overall homology to those of the genes for fungal catalases. regions of the m-antigen gene with little or no homology were used to design four oligonucleotide sequences for application in the pcr detection and identif ... | 2003 | 12574242 |
| direct invasion of bones by highly pathogenic fungi in an in vitro model and its ecological significance. | animal bones after being devitalized at death are strongly resistant to wear and tear and remain in the soil or environment much longer than other organic components from dead animals. yet over the course of time they seem to disappear and thus our ecological surroundings are not cluttered with bone remnants. mechanical factors creating compression or friction and chemical factors like ph of the soil and surroundings must together have provided concerted degrading effects. microorganisms in the ... | 2003 | 12590255 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of micafungin (fk463) against dimorphic fungi: comparison of yeast-like and mycelial forms. | the characteristics of in vitro micafungin (fk463) antifungal activity against six species of dimorphic fungi were investigated in accordance with the nccls m27-a microdilution methods. mics of micafungin, amphotericin b, itraconazole, and fluconazole for histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, penicillium marneffei, and sporothrix schenckii were determined both for the yeast-like form and mycelial form. coccidioides immitis was tested onl ... | 2003 | 12654673 |
| a c-terminal egf-like domain governs bad1 localization to the yeast surface and fungal adherence to phagocytes, but is dispensable in immune modulation and pathogenicity of blastomyces dermatitidis. | bad1, an adhesin and immune modulator of blastomyces dermatitidis, is an essential virulence factor that is released extracellularly before association with the yeast surface. here, deletion of the c-terminal egf-like domain profoundly affected bad1 function, leading to non-association with yeast, extracellular accumulation and impaired yeast adherence to macrophages. in equilibrium binding assays, deltac-term bad1, lacking an egf-like domain, bound poorly to bad1 null yeast, yielding a low affi ... | 2003 | 12657044 |
| blastomycosis. | blastomycosis is an endemic mycoses in the central united states caused by a dimorphic fungus, blastomyces dermatitidis, that exists in nature in mycelial phase and converts to yeast phase at body temperature. the organism may produce epidemics of infection following a point source of infection or sporadic endemic infection. blastomycosis can be a subclinical illness with subsequent protection against progressive infection afforded by cellular immune mechanisms, but it may present with progressi ... | 2003 | 12751259 |
| vaccine immunity to pathogenic fungi overcomes the requirement for cd4 help in exogenous antigen presentation to cd8+ t cells: implications for vaccine development in immune-deficient hosts. | systemic fungal infections with primary and opportunistic pathogens have become increasingly common and represent a growing health menace in patients with aids and other immune deficiencies. t lymphocyte immunity, in particular the cd4+ th 1 cells, is considered the main defense against these pathogens, and their absence is associated with increased susceptibility. it would seem illogical then to propose vaccinating these vulnerable patients against fungal infections. we report here that cd4+ t ... | 2003 | 12782709 |
| giant blastoconidia of candida albicans. a case report and review of the literature. | we describe a patient with extranodal non-hodgkin lymphoma who developed systemic candidiasis after treatment with a cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen. histologically, the fungal organisms demonstrated markedly enlarged blastoconidia with a variety of morphologic forms, mimicking other mycotic organisms, such as cryptococcus neoformans, blastomyces dermatitidis, and paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the in vivo occurrence of such giant forms is rare, and when observed histologically may r ... | 2003 | 12823045 |
| small forms of blastomyces dermatitidis in human tissues. | | 1953 | 13039691 |
| the effect of beta-propiolactone on the metabolism of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1953 | 13069412 |
| dual infection with blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum; report of a fatal case in man. | | 1953 | 13092062 |
| serologic studies on north american blastomycosis; studies with soluble antigens from untreated and sonic-treated yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1953 | 13096758 |
| the effect of stilbamidine and propamidine on the oxidative metabolism of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1953 | 13117786 |
| skin test antigens from yeast phase cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum. | | 1954 | 13157247 |
| effect of stilbamidine therapy on experimental blastomyces dermatitidis infections in mice. | | 1954 | 13163497 |
| [gilchrist's disease in venezuela; first case; clinical study; histological confirmation; isolation and determination of the first south american strain of blastomyces dermatitidis]. | | 1954 | 13246227 |
| biotin as a growth requirement for blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1955 | 13263317 |
| the fungistatic action of stilbamidine and 2-hydroxystilbamidine against histoplasma capsulatum as compared to blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1956 | 13370719 |
| the structure and mode of division of the nuclei in the yeast cells and mycelium of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1957 | 13472518 |
| polysaccharide skin test antigens derived from histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1958 | 13533816 |
| effect of vaccines prepared from histoplasma capsulatum and other yeasts on experimental tuberculosis. | hedgecock, loyd w. (veterans administration hospital, kansas city, mo.). effect of vaccines prepared from histoplasma capsulatum and other yeasts on experimental tuberculosis. j. bacteriol. 82:115-123. 1961.-resistance to experimental tuberculosis was enhanced by the injection of a nonviable vaccine prepared from histoplasma capsulatum in the mycelial phase but not by the organism in the yeast phase. acquired resistance was established within 7 days or less and usually maintained for at least 29 ... | 1961 | 13712699 |
| tissue cultures of mouse peritoneal exudates inoculated with blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1960 | 13716206 |
| isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis from soil. | through the intravenous inoculation of soil suspensions in the tail vein of mice, blastomyces dermatitidis was recovered from a lexington, kentucky, soil sample. the positive specimen was collected in a tobacco-stripping barn. the shed had sheltered a dog that died of blastomycosis 2 years before the sample was collected. | 1961 | 13721936 |
| skin sensitivity of human beings to histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis polysaccharide antigens. | | 1961 | 13725815 |
| inhibition of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis by pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. | | 1959 | 13821877 |
| simultaneous infection in man by histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1962 | 13860615 |
| [evolutive infection and latent infection in guinea pigs caused by "blastomyces dermatitidis" conditioned to the environmental temperature]. | | 1961 | 13880996 |
| [a case of cutaneous blastomycosis caused by blastomyces dermatitidis]. | | 1961 | 13884988 |
| nutritional studies on the yeast phase of blastomyces dermatitidis and b. brasiliensis. | gilardi, gerald l. (university of maryland, college park) and norman c. laffer. nutritional studies on the yeast phase of blastomyces dermatitidis and b. brasiliensis. j. bacteriol. 83:219-227. 1962.-nutritional characteristics of the yeast phase of 22 cultures of the genus blastomyces (9 of b. brasiliensis and 13 of b. dermatitidis) were examined to see if differences in nutritional behavior occurred which could serve as an aid in a more definitive classification. the studies included vitamin a ... | 1962 | 13898529 |
| urease activity in cultures and extracts of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1962 | 13993607 |
| rapid quantitative method for measuring the sensitivity of blastomyces dermatitidis to fungistatic agents. | guidry, d. j. (louisiana state university school of medicine, new orleans) and findlay maier. rapid quantitative method for measuring the sensitivity of blastomyces dermatitidis to fungistatic agents. j. bacteriol. 85:504-508. 1963.-isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis (yeast phase) were grown in continuous shake liquid culture. when sufficient cells were added to impart an initial optical density of 0.100 to the inoculated medium, growth was rapid, and the time required to assay fungistatic age ... | 1963 | 14042924 |
| effects of temperature on soil conidia of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1963 | 14042956 |
| serological characterization of pathogenic fungi by means of fluorescent antibodies. i. antigenic relationships between yeast and mycelial forms of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | kaufman, leo (communicable disease center, atlanta, ga.) and william kaplan. serological characterization of pathogenic fungi by means of fluorescent antibodies. i. antigenic relationships between yeast and mycelial forms of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. j. bacteriol. 85:986-991. 1963.-four antiglobulins prepared against the yeast and mycelial forms of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. cross-staining and adsor ... | 1963 | 14044028 |
| lipid content of four strains of blastomyces dermatitidis of different mouse virulence. | di salvo, arthur f. (medical college of georgia, augusta) and j. fred denton. lipid content of four strains of blastomyces dermatitidis of different mouse virulence. j. bacteriol. 85:927-931. 1963.-four strains of blastomyces dermatitidis showing marked differences in virulence for mice were studied to determine whether there was any relationship between lipid content and virulence. replicate samples of heat-killed yeast and mycelial cells, after rupturing by grinding, were extracted with a chlo ... | 1963 | 14044964 |
| specific fluorescent antiglobulins for the detection and identification of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase cells. | | 1963 | 14045072 |
| disinfection of aerosolized pathogenic fungi on laboratory surfaces. i. tissue phase. | the effect of several fungicides on laboratory surfaces contaminated with the tissue phase of aerosolized blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, and histoplasma capsulatum was ascertained. a statistical analysis of the data shows the correlation between fungi, surfaces, time, and concentration of disinfectant. all fungicides were effective at established times and concentrations, and the type of contaminated surface affected the fungicidal efficacy. by interpola ... | 1963 | 14063788 |
| concurrent infection with histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1964 | 14110032 |
| the demonstration of growth stimulating substances for histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis in infusions of starling (sturnis vulgaris) manure. | | 1964 | 14121484 |
| comparison of the pathogenicity of the yeast and mycelial phases of blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1964 | 14125886 |
| enhanced toxicity in chemically altered blastomyces dermatitidis. | | 1964 | 14127593 |
| disinfection of aerosolized pathogenic fungi on laboratory surfaces. ii. culture phase. | the effect of several fungicides on laboratory surfaces contaminated with the culture (spore) phase of aerosolized blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum was ascertained. the culture (spore) phase was more resistant to the action of the fungicides than was the tissue (yeast) phase. the addition of a wetting agent increased the efficiency of several fungicides. the time required for disinfection with a given concentration of fungicide, or the concentration requ ... | 1964 | 14131365 |
| a rapid, simplified medium for converting the mycelial phase of blastomyces dermatitidis to the yeast phase. | | 1964 | 14161179 |
| ii. evidence of the presence in yeast extract of substances which stimulate the growth of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis similarly to that found in starling manure extract. | | 1964 | 14161193 |
| isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis from natural sites at augusta, georgia. | | 1964 | 14205892 |
| cross reactions to blastomyces dermatitidis in mice. | | 1964 | 14245652 |
| lysis of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase cells in natural soil. | | 1965 | 14246084 |
| correlation of fluorescent antibody, histopathology, and culture on tissues from 372 animals examined for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. | porter, billie m. (communicable disease center, kansas city, kan.), barbara k. comfort, robert w. menges, robert t. habermann, and coy d. smith. correlation of fluorescent antibody, histopathology, and culture on tissues from 372 animals examined for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. j. bacteriol. 89:748-751. 1965.-in a survey in the midwestern united states, tissues from 372 animals including 16 species were examined for histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. all of the specimens ... | 1965 | 14273656 |
| studies with blastomyces dermatitidis growth inhibitors. | | 1955 | 14360766 |
| [gilchrist & stokes 1898 blastomyces dermatitidis in venezuela; preliminary note]. | | 1954 | 14366079 |