| proliferation patterns of latent pneumocystis carinii in rat organs during progressive stages of immunosuppression. | | 1992 | 1527778 |
| molecular evolution of the fungi: human pathogens. | the morphological, ecological, and clinical diversity among ascomycete fungi that are pathogenic to humans suggest that the potential for pathogenicity may have arisen multiple times within these higher fungi. we have obtained 18s ribosomal dna sequences from a diverse group of human pathogenic fungi in order to determine their evolutionary origins. the fungi studied include a skin pathogen that is confined to humans (trichophyton rubrum) and three systemic, facultative parasites that cause hist ... | 1992 | 1528111 |
| characteristics and outcome variables of hiv cases at a university-based medical practice. | an increasing number of aids cases occur each year in west virginia despite its small urban population. from january 1984 to march 1991 at the marshall university based multispecialty internal medicine group (the university physicians in internal medicine), 66 hiv-infected persons were treated, most of whom are native west virginians and always resided in the state. the study group consisted of 61 men and 5 women; four-fifths of the men are homosexual/bisexual and one-seventh used intravenous il ... | 1992 | 1557906 |
| treatment ind protocol announced for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1551304 |
| pulmonary disposition of gallium-67 in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia: an analysis using bronchoalveolar lavage. | gallium-67 localizes to the cellular fraction of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid in patients with sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as normal subjects. to further study 67ga disposition in bal fluid, 11 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and 8 patients with a variety of other lung diseases, underwent bal 24 hr after 67ga injection. compared to the non-pcp patients, pcp patients had high uptake gallium scans at 24 and 72 hr, and showed significantly increased ... | 1992 | 1552333 |
| new developments in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and therapies to treat this infection are associated with frequent and severe morbidity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). mortality rates remain in the 20 to 40 percent range for severe episodes. thus, less toxic and more effective therapies are needed. for mild-to-moderately severe episodes (pao2 greater than 70 mm hg or [a-a]do2 less than 35 mm hg), studies suggest that trimethoprim-dapsone, clindamycin-primaquine, and bw 566c80 may caus ... | 1992 | 1531191 |
| pentamidine is an n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist and is neuroprotective in vitro. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is frequently associated with dementia. the wide spectrum of neurological abnormalities associated with this dementia may involve a neurotoxin that activates the nmda subtype of glutamate receptor in neurons. we have found that the antimicrobial agent pentamidine, which is prescribed for aids patients for the prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is an effective nmda receptor antagonist. pentamidine inhibited 3h-dizocilpine binding ... | 1992 | 1532027 |
| the biology of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1992 | 1554424 |
| [pneumatocele and pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii]. | | 1992 | 1560726 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a hiv-positive patient]. | the authors publish a case report of a young man, who have got a severe pneumonia, which did not recover after antibiotics treatment. when the cause of the immunosuppression was investigated, hiv positivity was found, and pneumocystis carinii was recognised in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. the diagnosis of the lung complications and the possibilities of the treatment are discussed. | 1992 | 1560972 |
| trimetrexate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | the primary objective of this article is to introduce readers to the use of a new agent, trimetrexate (tmtx), in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the article also gives the readers an overview of pcp and discusses some of the controversies surrounding it. pharmacokinetic data and clinical trials are reviewed, as well as adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines. | 1992 | 1532518 |
| immunodeficiency in methylmalonic acidaemia. | three chinese infants with methylmalonic acidaemia were described. they presented in the neonatal period with recurrent episodes of poor feeding, lethargy, apnoea and severe acidosis. the diagnosis was established by increased methylmalonic acid concentration in the plasma and/or urine. pancytopenia was a prominent feature in all three patients. only patient three had assessment of lymphocyte subsets and it showed diminished population of b-lymphocytes and a reversed cd4/cd8 ratio. all three pat ... | 1992 | 1562372 |
| procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities in bronchoalveolar fluid of hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | imbalance between intra-alveolar procoagulant activity (pca) and fibrinolytic activity may lead to fibrin deposition, as described in several pneumopathies, and may eventually contribute to fibrotic changes as observed in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the aim of our study was to compare these activities in bronchoalveolar lavages of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. the material comprised: a) controls (n = 7); b) hiv-positive patients subdivided into ... | 1992 | 1563500 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in the middle ear. | pneumocystis carinii is the opportunistic pathogen frequently causing pneumonitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. extrapulmonic manifestation of p carinii is unusual and is commonly associated with severe systemic illness, other immune deficiency status, malignancy, or immune suppression. we describe a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with manifestations of p carinii otitis media with severe otalgia and conductive hearing loss. | 1992 | 1554446 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. successful treatment with talc pleurodesis. | spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, treatment with tube insertion and tetracycline sclerosis often fails to prevent recurrence. we present a single case of such a patient successfully treated with talc sclerosis. | 1992 | 1555449 |
| pentamidine blocks the pathophysiologic effects of endotoxemia through inhibition of cytokine release. | pentamidine isethionate, an antiprotozoal agent with therapeutic value against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, has been used for over 30 years without a precise understanding of its mechanism of pharmacologic action. we have previously reported that pentamidine has the capacity to inhibit the release of cytokines from macrophages through a post-translational processing event. the present studies were undertaken to assess the ability of pentamidine to modulate the detrimental effects of murine en ... | 1992 | 1539159 |
| [primary hepatic lymphoma in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | in this study the authors describe a non-hodgkin's lymphoma histologically typed "large non-cleaved cell immunophenotype b cell", placed primitively into the liver. it affected a woman twenty seven years old, who contracted hiv infection due to heterosexual intercourse with at risk partner. at the time of diagnosis the woman was already considered aids patient on account of a previous pneumocystis carinii pneumoniae and severe immunodeficiency (dc4 = 13 cells/mm3). the patient received cycles of ... | 1992 | 1529146 |
| lack of utility of bronchial brush biopsy in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | while bronchoalveolar lavage has been shown to be more sensitive than brush biopsy (bb) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients, some have reported that bb occasionally is positive in spite of a negative bal. many bronchoscopists, therefore, continue to perform routine bb when doing bronchoscopy on aids patients. we performed a retrospective study of all fiberoptic bronchoscopies done on human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients over a one-year period at our ins ... | 1992 | 1541132 |
| [a case of new type scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) presenting with acute respiratory failure and hemophagocytic syndrome]. | a 47-year-old male was referred to our hospital with persistent high fever. he had received antibiotics (aspc) for the diagnosis of acute infectious disease, which failed to respond, and subsequently developed marked lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. during his hospitalization, hypoxic respiratory failure rapidly developed. a bone marrow aspiration revealed marked hemophagocytosis, leading to the tentative diagnosis of opportunistic respiratory infection associated with malignant histiocytos ... | 1992 | 1569724 |
| isolation and characterization of a recombinant antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii contains a major group of antigens which migrates as a broad band of 45 to 55 kda and 35 to 45 kda in organisms derived from rats and humans, respectively. this complex is among the most common p. carinii antigens found in the respiratory tract and is recognized by serum antibodies of infected individuals. we have isolated a cdna clone encoding the 3' portion of a 45- to 55-kda antigen of rat-derived p. carinii. the predicted protein encoded by this cdna contains a distincti ... | 1992 | 1541564 |
| thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. | thoracic disease in the hiv negative immunocompromised host is most frequently caused by infection. patterns of involvement produced on the chest radiograph include (1) lobar or segmental consolidation, (2) nodules with rapid growth and/or cavitation, and (3) diffuse lung disease. the lung also may be directly involved by lymphoma, metastases, drug reactions, radiation pneumonitis, or nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. the lung is a frequent target organ for opportunistic infections in aids p ... | 1992 | 1570394 |
| miliary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1992 | 1543770 |
| maternal and fetal infections. | acquired immunodeficiency virus infections had recently been the leading cause of death in minority women of reproductive age in several urban cities in the united states. in addition, more than 80% of infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection acquired the infection perinatally. these alarming data have spawned a prodigious body of information about perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. some of the most recent advances are highlighted in this review. revolutio ... | 1992 | 1543830 |
| inoculated mouse model of pneumocystis carinii infection. | a transtracheally inoculated mouse model of pneumocystis carinii has been developed using balb/c mice. the advantage of this strain of mice include that they are widely available, inexpensive, and were not infected with pneumocystis before inoculation. inoculated mice that were not treated had a mean infectivity score of 4.1 compared with inoculated mice treated with the effective anti-pneumocystis drug combination of trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole, which had a mean infectivity score of 0.1, ... | 1992 | 1572137 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1545462 |
| pneumocystis carinii of the orbit. | | 1992 | 1575242 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids and prolonged fever]. | pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) presents a high incidence in the evolution of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). common clinical signs include fever, dry cough and dyspnea, in the presence of pulmonar interstitial affection with several degrees of hypoxemia. one hundred and sixteen patients with npc and infection by hiv were diagnosed between december 1986 and january 1990. criteria of persistent fever was established in 10 of them (8.7%), with normal thoracic r ... | 1992 | 1576315 |
| [aids in germany: clinical manifestations of aids]. | since 1982, voluntary anonymous reports that meet the criteria of the who/cdc-aids definition are being collected by the federal health office. by december 31st, 1989 a total of 4,306 aids cases has been registered. more than 80% of the reported cases are homo- and bisexual men and injection drug-users. the remaining cases are divided between hemophiliacs, persons who get infected by heterosexual contacts, blood transfusion recipients, and children infected pre- or perinatally. in 16% of all cas ... | 1992 | 1545764 |
| disseminated penicillium marneffei infection in hiv-infected subject. | penicillium marneffei is a rare human pathogen predominantly affecting residents of south-east asia. we report four fatal cases from hong kong in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. the diagnosis was established by histological examination and confirmed by isolation of the fungus. the infection was disseminated with involvement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung, intestine and bone marrow. the involved organs showed an exclusively anergic tissue reaction characterized by a diffuse i ... | 1992 | 1577408 |
| pneumocystis carinii osteomyelitis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. | | 1992 | 1545853 |
| a new drug (566c80) for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1580456 |
| t cell immunodeficiency in dyskeratosis congenita. | dyskeratosis congenita has been found to be associated with abnormal immune function. in this study we report a patient with this association. he developed pneumocystis carinii interstitial pneumonia, and impaired cell mediated immunity was confirmed by the presence of depressed lymphoproliferative responses to in vitro stimulation with mitogen. enumeration of t cell subsets showed a severely depressed cd4:cd8 ratio (0.38), which is the likely cause for impaired cell mediated immunity. the t cel ... | 1992 | 1580685 |
| [spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. something more than a casual association?]. | the association of spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumocystis pneumonia is not frequent. the medical literature reports a ratio between 0 and 5.7%. in 18 patients admitted in our hospital, in the last two years, and diagnosed of aids and pneumocystis pneumonia, we observed two cases of pneumothorax spontaneous. they represent the 11%. in one of them spontaneous pneumothorax was the first manifestation and in the other a complication of the illness. it was not possible to isolate an agent differen ... | 1992 | 1546199 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: common or uncommon? | | 1992 | 1546615 |
| mouse model for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia that uses natural transmission to initiate infection. | animal models for pneumocystis carinii, for the most part, have been limited to immunosuppressed rats and ferrets, while a dependable mouse model has been more difficult to develop. a p. carinii mouse model has now been established with several strains of mice, including c3heb/fej, c3hen, balb/c, dba/2n, and balb/c nu/nu (athymic). in lieu of using invasive methods for initiating p. carinii infections, mice harboring p. carinii transmitted the disease to mice without latent infection via short-t ... | 1992 | 1548065 |
| improved rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: induced laboratory infections in pneumocystis-free animals. | an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is described that utilizes simple, noninvasive intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation of cryopreserved parasites and results in development of severe p. carinii pneumonia within 5 weeks. this is an improvement over the most commonly used models of p. carinii pneumonia that rely on immune suppression to activate latent p. carinii infections and that often require 8 to 12 weeks to produce heavy infections of p. carinii. it is also less labo ... | 1992 | 1548080 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in aids patients not receiving prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1582330 |
| comparative trial of dapsone versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of dapsone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and having less than 200 cd4-positive cells per ml. this was a prospective, randomized, open-label study, using dapsone (100 mg p.o.) or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg p.o.) daily. patients who developed toxicity requiring discontinuation were ... | 1992 | 1548570 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii infections in heart-lung and lung transplantation--how effective and for how long? | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a common clinical problem in the setting of organ transplantation, particularly in heart-lung and lung allograft recipients. without prophylactic measurements, the incidence of p carinii pneumonia can reach up to 88% of heart-lung transplant recipients. we conducted a retrospective analysis of the stanford heart-lung and lung transplant experience in order to assess the efficacy of the prophylactic therapy and to try to define the duration of therapy neces ... | 1992 | 1549851 |
| trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole appears more effective than aerosolized pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | we compared the efficacies of low-dose trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx; one tablet: tmp, 160 mg, smx, 800 mg, twice daily, twice a week) and aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg every 4 weeks) as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection. | 1992 | 1558714 |
| aids and the lung: update 1992. 1. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1585297 |
| prospective randomized comparison of toxicity of two prophylactic regimens of cotrimoxazole in leukemic children. | cotrimoxazole is currently used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in leukemic children. the former regimen of continuous administration was recently replaced by intermittent administration. the antifolic activity of cotrimoxazole could theoretically enhance that of methotrexate, also administered to leukemic children. we report on a prospective, randomized study to compare two different regimens--continuous vs. 3 days a week--of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. the aim of the study was to ... | 1992 | 1558774 |
| ga-67 scintigraphy and computed tomography in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. a prospective comparison. | a prospective evaluation of ga-67 scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography was performed in 70 consecutive patients with aids who were suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. studies were evaluated independently by two observers. receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. although scintigraphy had a higher true-positive ratio at any false-positive ratio, statistically the areas under the two receiver operating characteristic curves were not significantly differen ... | 1992 | 1587045 |
| increasing impact of hiv infection on hospitalizations in the united states, 1983-1988. | during 1983-1988, hospitalizations of patients with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection increased from 1.3 to 33.7 per 100,000 persons. we used the national hospital discharge survey, which is based on a representative sample of discharges from nonfederal short-stay hospitals, to describe illnesses among hospitalized patients with hiv infection. of 222,200 such hospitalizations during 1983-1988, most occurred among persons who were 25-44 years of age (79%), white (66%), a ... | 1992 | 1560347 |
| infection with mycobacterium bovis in a patient with aids: a late complication of bcg vaccination. | we present a 28-year-old hiv-infected man with a 2-year delayed complication of bcg immunization. when immunized the man was healthy, with an unknown hiv status, but 2 years later he was diagnosed with aids because of a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he was successfully treated and discharged in a state of good health. a few months later he presented with an enlarged lymph node and mycobacterium bovis, bcg strain, was cultured. no sign of dissemination was found. we discuss the indications for ... | 1992 | 1589715 |
| cardiac arrest during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intravenous pentamidine isethionate. | a 27-year-old man, hiv-positive for 4 years, developed ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intravenous pentamidine isethionate. the dosage was 4 mg/kg/day for 18 days. nephrotoxicity occurred and raised serum potassium. the plasma concentration of pentamidine was 580 nmol/l. careful monitoring of renal and cardiac functions is recommended during intravenous therapy with pentamidine isethionate. | 1992 | 1589716 |
| pneumocystis colitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report a case of colonic pneumocystosis in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive homosexual male who presented with fever and diarrhea. stool cultures for bacterial pathogens and examinations for ova and parasites were negative. the diagnosis was made by colonoscopic biopsy which revealed pneumocystis carinii organisms in the lamina propria of the cecum, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. the patient subsequently developed pulmonary and ocular abnormalities consistent with p. carini ... | 1992 | 1590316 |
| opsonophagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii. | the interaction of pneumocystis carinii purified from rat lungs with rat peritoneal macrophages and human circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied by amplified chemiluminescence and examination of stained cytospin preparations. a polyclonal rat antiserum to p. carinii was opsonic with both types of phagocyte. complement had no opsonic properties alone but produced a synergic effect in combination with antibody. | 1992 | 1560444 |
| critical care management of the patient with hiv infection who has pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequently occurring opportunistic infection in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. improved methods of diagnosing and treating pcp have resulted in increased survival rates. nurses are more frequently faced with treatment of the critical care patient with pcp. knowledge about the mechanisms and manifestations of pcp as well as its diagnosis and treatment provides a baseline for the nursing management of pcp. nursing care f ... | 1992 | 1592614 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and your child: a parent information booklet. | a parent education booklet describing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was prepared by the pediatric branch of the national cancer institute. in addition to information about prophylaxis and treatment of pcp, the booklet discusses overall care of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1594471 |
| the sulfone syndrome in a patient receiving dapsone prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1595261 |
| the gene coding for small ribosomal subunit rna in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis contains a group i intron. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for small ribosomal subunit rna in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis was determined. it revealed the presence of a group i intron with a length of 411 nucleotides. this is the third occurrence of such an intron discovered in a small subunit rrna gene encoded by a eukaryotic nuclear genome. the other two occurrences are in pneumocystis carinii, a fungus of uncertain taxonomic status, and ankistrodesmus stipitatus, a green alga. the nucleotides of the con ... | 1992 | 1561081 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii infection mimicking kaposi sarcoma. | | 1992 | 1596046 |
| fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in the investigation of the immunocompromised lung. | the records of 18 immunocompromised patients with recent onset of pulmonary disease who had fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage over a two year period (1989-90) were reviewed. the underlying diseases were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (n = 7), organ transplantation (n = 9), and chemotherapy for malignancy (n = 2). four patients were receiving prophylactic therapy and 12 had been started on empirical therapy for infection. patients proceeded to bronchoscopy either be ... | 1992 | 1598142 |
| aerosolized pentamidine: a well-tolerated mode of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | aerosolized pentamidine has been recommended as an alternative mode of antipneumocystis prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole intolerance. however, there have been no definitive data concerning the most appropriate dose and the tolerance of aerosolized pentamidine in children. in the present study, we assessed the tolerance of aerosolized pentamidine in older children using a regimen similar to the one recommended in adults. a 300-mg dos ... | 1992 | 1565553 |
| pneumocystis carinii in aids patients. | | 1992 | 1602420 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis complicating hiv infection: superiority of sputum smear over bronchoalveolar lavage. | tuberculosis should be prominently considered in the differential diagnosis when an hiv-infected patient has respiratory symptoms. sputum smears and culture for acid-fast organisms should always be obtained. fiberoptic bronchoscopy to exclude other concurrent opportunistic infections is appropriate because pneumocystis carinii complicates as many as 25% of the cases of pulmonary tb, but acid-fast sputum smears should always be obtained. it should not be assumed that bronchoalveolar lavage is sup ... | 1992 | 1566155 |
| comparison of aids in women in rural and urban georgia. | through 1990, 308 cases of aids had been reported in female residents of georgia (aged 13 years and older); 77 (25%) were white and 228 (75%) black. the mean age of the white women (43.8 years) was greater than that of the black women (34.5 years). one hundred sixty-six women were from atlanta (metro atl), the major metropolitan center in georgia, and 142 (46%) from other regions of the state (other areas). blacks represented 74% and 76% of all cases in women in metro atl and other areas respect ... | 1992 | 1604384 |
| cerebral toxoplasmosis and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1605434 |
| use of fluoroquinolones for prophylaxis of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we compared the prophylactic activities of six fluoroquinolones against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. pefloxacin was the only agent which was as effective as the reference drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. clinical trials with pefloxacin in patients at risk for p. carinii pneumonia appear to be justified. | 1992 | 1605613 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: results of a large prospective randomized treatment trial. | to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) with pentamidine in the therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1567574 |
| flow cytometric analyses of lectin binding to pneumocystis carinii surface carbohydrates. | pneumocystis carinii obtained from infected rat lung homogenates was incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins, counterstained with the nuclear stain, propidium iodide (pi), and analyzed by dual parameter histograms for lectin-associated green and pi-associated red fluorescence using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. the presence of glucose/mannose moieties was evidenced by the binding of all organisms to concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda. from the lectin group specif ... | 1992 | 1556643 |
| pneumocystis carinii peritonitis. antemortem confirmation of disseminated pneumocystosis by cytologic examination of body fluids. | histologic confirmation of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has usually required organ biopsy when the diagnosis was made antemortem. three cases of pneumocystis peritonitis were studied in which confirmation of extrapulmonary dissemination was achieved by cytologic examination of ascitic fluid. patients presented with characteristic choroidal lesions, transudative ascites, profound hypoalbuminemia, and hepatic dysfunction. cytologic examina ... | 1992 | 1558450 |
| the prevalence of invasive amebiasis is not increased in patients with aids. | to determine whether the frequency or severity of invasive amebiasis is increased in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1567575 |
| the spectrum of clinical and pathological manifestations of aids in a consecutive series of autopsied patients in mexico. | little is known about the clinical profile of aids in latin american populations. this study characterizes the clinical and pathological manifestations of aids in a representative series of mexican aids patients at autopsy. | 1992 | 1616652 |
| improved outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: a multifactorial treatment effect. | factors determining the outcome of an episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 149 aids patients treated at st mary's hospital were identified and their importance on improved survival evaluated between 1984 and 1989. the proportion of fatal episodes of pcp decreased over time. fatal compared with nonfatal episodes had lower mean alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (82.5 mmhg vs 53.8 mmhg, p less than 0.001), mean haemoglobin level (11.2 g/dl vs 12.1 g/dl, p = 0.01), mean lymphocyte coun ... | 1992 | 1616964 |
| emergence of unusual opportunistic pathogens in aids: a review. | opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), particularly late in the disease, when immunosuppression is severe. some pathogens, such as pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, are extremely common in this population and are readily recognized by clinicians caring for these patients. however, many other organisms occasionally cause conditions that clinically mimic the more commonly encountered pathogens ... | 1992 | 1617054 |
| a simple scoring system to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in high-risk individuals. | | 1992 | 1567583 |
| [acute nonbacterial bronchopneumopathies in the 1st years of life. diagnostic strategies and clinico-epidemiological peculiarities]. | the authors summarise diagnostic strategies an clinical epidemiologic peculiarities of non-bacterial bronchopneumopathies in children. the role of classic viral agents (virus influenzal a-b, virus parainfluenza 2-3, rvs) is stressed without neglecting the role of other etiologic agents such as chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae and pneumocystis carinii. the authors point out the necessity of direct investigation (viral cultures, direct investigation in if and elisa, investigation with ... | 1992 | 1620072 |
| [pulmonary cavity caused by pneumocystis carinii in an hiv+ patient]. | | 1992 | 1620930 |
| decision analysis: treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | controversy exists as to the most appropriate drug for the initial treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. decision analysis can be used to evaluate the choice between parenteral pentamidine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. sensitivity and threshold analyses illustrate how the choice is affected by the probabilities of success and adverse reactions, as well as by the values placed by the patient and practitioner on treatment outcomes ... | 1992 | 1570229 |
| salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | clindamycin/primaquine is effective for treating mild-to-moderate cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. we retrospectively reviewed our experience with this combination among patients in whom conventional therapy had failed or was not tolerated. twenty-six patients who experienced 28 episodes of pcp received salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine at two university-affiliated medical centers. clindamycin was administered intravenously, (usually 900 mg every 8 h ... | 1992 | 1571426 |
| the long-term effects of aerosol pentamidine on pulmonary function. the toronto aerosolized pentamidine study (taps) group. | aerosolized pentamidine (ap) has been widely used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) since 1988. the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of ap on pulmonary function. of 36 patients with aids who were receiving ap for secondary prophylaxis of pcp, 13 patients had been using ap continuously for more than 52 weeks. ap was given using a fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizer with five loading doses of 60 mg over two weeks, followed by one dose of 60 mg every two ... | 1992 | 1572106 |
| detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by immunoreactivity to pneumocystis carinii within alveoli, granulomas, and disseminated sites. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common major opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), its immunopathogenesis is not fully understood. it is known that anti-pneumocystis antibodies are present in the sera of individuals with and without pcp. in order to determine whether anti-pneumocystis antibodies are also present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal), we looked for them, by immunoreactivity with tissue sections of intra-alveolar p. car ... | 1992 | 1574487 |
| modulation of tumor necrosis factor release from alveolar macrophages treated with pentamidine isethionate. | alveolar macrophages in aids patients have a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor release in active pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we have demonstrated that pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine currently used to treat aids-related p. carinii pneumonia, is an effective inhibitor of cellular tumor necrosis factor release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages at concentrations greater than 10(-8) m. inhibition of release is not dependent upon the continued presence of penta ... | 1992 | 1624213 |
| occult alveolar haemorrhage in bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma. | evidence of occult alveolar haemorrhage was sought by perls's staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to detect haemosiderin laden macrophages in 63 human immunodeficiency virus positive (hiv-1) men who underwent bronchoscopy. twenty three patients had bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma; occult alveolar haemorrhage was present in 16 of these (including two in whom no tracheobronchial lesions were evident at bronchoscopy, but in whom the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy). forty patients had ot ... | 1992 | 1624606 |
| radiology of aids in the pediatric patient. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has involved the pediatric age group and is especially prevalent in babies born of mothers who are intravenous drug abusers or prostitutes. approximately 30% of children born to mothers who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) will develop hiv infection. there are several important differences in children and adults with aids. the incubation period of the disease is shorter, and initial clinical manifestations occur earlier in ... | 1992 | 1576831 |
| macroepidemiology of the hivs-aids (haids) pandemic. insufficiently considered zoological and geopolitical aspects. | the human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or haids pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in africa. the haids patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. the haids infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the african urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. the latter included wars ... | 1992 | 1626879 |
| atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually presents with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, many other roentgenographic presentations occur in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. to clarify the determinants of atypical presentations of pcp, we evaluated 65 english-language reports that related the roentgenographic manifestations of consecutive cases of pcp. the incidence of pcp-associated upper lobe disease, cysts, and spontaneous pneumothoraxes was increased in ... | 1992 | 1627019 |
| cytology of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | rare cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii (eppc) have been seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we report seven such diagnoses of nonpulmonary p carinii (pc) from four aids patients between 1986 and 1989. the specimens included fine needle aspirate of liver, spleen, periarticular tissue and pleura as well as ankle fluid, pleural fluid and ascites. in some, but not all, cases the patients had concurrent or previous episodes of pc pneumonia. in all cases the typ ... | 1992 | 1580133 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: diagnostic yield of induced sputum and immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (is), assessing the reliability of indirect immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies (ifmoab) and methenamine silver (met-ag) and analysing factors likely to influence the sensitivity of these techniques. an analysis was prospectively carried out on is specimens collected from 61 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during 69 episodes of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ultrasonic ... | 1992 | 1628723 |
| otic and ophthalmic pneumocystosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. report of a case and review of the literature. | a case of primary pneumocystis carinii infection involving the left middle ear of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described, and the literature on the otic and ophthalmic pneumocystosis is reviewed. otic pneumocystosis typically presents as a unilateral polypoid mass, and it is clinically manifested as otalgia, hearing loss, or, sometimes, otorrhea without evidence of current respiratory disease or previous pneumocystis pneumonia. in contrast, choroidal pneumocystosis usuall ... | 1992 | 1580753 |
| ultrasonic findings in visceral pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | | 1992 | 1581799 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection. 1973. | | 1992 | 1635440 |
| evolving epidemiology of hiv infection among adults. | whereas new, or changes in existing, routes of transmission of hiv have not been identified in the 11 years since aids was identified as a clinical syndrome, changes in the epidemiology of hiv infection in the us have been identified during that period. the role of injection drug use as a risk for both parenteral and sexual transmission of hiv has increased substantially during this period. heterosexual transmission is becoming more prominent as the epidemic continues to "mature" in the us. the ... | 1992 | 1586001 |
| isolation of pneumocystis carinii cysts by flow cytometry. | pneumocystis carinii cysts were separated as enriched populations from suspensions of lung homogenate obtained from infected rats containing all developmental stages of this organism. isolation of cyst populations was achieved by incubating filtered lung homogenate with the fluorescent phospholipid analog 1-palmitoyl-2-c6-nbd-phosphatidylcholine. whereas cysts did not fluorescence as a result of outer-wall restraint of lipid integration, trophozoites and young intermediate stages readily incorpo ... | 1992 | 1589425 |
| correlation of pneumocystis carinii cyst density with mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia. | fifteen percent to 20% of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia do poorly despite early intervention. it is not known what distinguishes those who die, despite early intervention and aggressive therapy, from those who readily respond to therapy. we used image analysis to determine the relative abundance of cysts within aggregates of pneumocystis carinii found in induced sputa (21 patients) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (14 patients) from 35 patients w ... | 1992 | 1592383 |
| cost reduction in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. sputum induction versus bronchoalveolar lavage as the initial diagnostic procedure. | sputum induction (si) is a sensitive and specific method for diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. although less expensive than bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), si followed by bal does not necessarily reduce costs compared with bal alone. cost analysis demonstrates that the cost of diagnosing pcp is dependent on the prevalence of pcp (pcpprevalence) in the studied population, the sensitivity of si (sisensitivity) for diagnosing pcp, and the relativ ... | 1992 | 1596013 |
| tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. how often does it mimic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? | adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is recommended for selected human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. because corticosteroids may exacerbate undiagnosed tuberculosis, we evaluated the frequency with which tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients mimics p carinii pneumonia. over a 12-month period, we identified 105 hiv-infected patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and 84 patients with p carinii pneumonia who were sufficiently hypoxemic ... | 1992 | 1643927 |
| bilateral pneumothoraces hasten mortality in aids patients receiving secondary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. association with a lower dco prior to receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | we have administered aerosolized pentamidine (ap) to 48 aids patients for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pentamidine 60 mg was administered by ultrasonic nebulization (fisoneb) five times during the first two weeks and then every two weeks. the mean follow-up was 343 +/- 22 days. pcp recurred in ten patients, 297 +/- 33 days after starting ap therapy. all responded to anti-pneumocystis therapy but two patients died of unrelated reasons (20 percent mortality). five ... | 1992 | 1643939 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after 40 years. | forty years ago, pneumocystis carinii was identified by czech researchers j. vanĕk and o. jírovec as the causative agent of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in infants. at present, it is the commonest pulmonary pathogen in aids patients. this review summarizes the experience and latest data on the etiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of p. carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1644483 |
| continuous positive airway pressure by face mask or mechanical ventilation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we reviewed the records of 44 patients with aids who had 45 episodes of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). while 9 patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation (mv) on admission, continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) by face mask was the initial measure in 36 episodes. there were 25 patients managed with cpap alone, 23 of whom survived. among the reasons for delayed intubation and mv (11 patients) was that treatment failure was strongly associated with non-survival, sin ... | 1992 | 1644963 |
| surfactant analysis during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | pulmonary surfactant is altered in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. although p carinii is a major causative agent of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, the pathophysiology of lung injury caused by this organism is poorly understood. therefore, we studied bronchoalveolar lavage specimens obtained from 19 hiv-infected subjects with pcp compared with specimens from ten healthy control subjects. as iterative bal was performed, 37 bal specimens were analyzed for protein and phosphol ... | 1992 | 1600773 |
| clinical apnea as an early manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with perinatal hiv-1 infection. | this article describes the first case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive infant in whom apnea was the earliest presenting clinical finding. pediatricians treating infants with hiv infection need to be aware of this unusual clinical presentation of p carinii pneumonia to avoid a delay in diagnosis and management of this disease. | 1992 | 1602505 |
| [detection of human cytomegalovirus dna by in situ hybridization]. | a biotin labelled human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna probe of ecori d fragment (17kb) from hcmv ad 169 strain was prepared. in situ hybridization of hcmv was performed in paraffin section of tissues collected from an autopsy case of congenital and combined immunodeficiency syndrome associated with systemic hcmv and pneumocystis carinii infections. the pathological lesions of hcmv infection showed three different patterns: 1, necrotic granuloma type, 2, diffuse type, and 3, scattered type. hcmv dna ... | 1991 | 1648456 |
| autopsy pathology and disease patterns in shiraz, iran, 1960-1974. | the impact of 4300 serial autopsies performed in shiraz, iran, on scientific and clinical medicine is discussed. these studies in geographic pathology led to the recognition of the importance in disease patterns of persistent, life-long changes in the human immune response brought about by serious perinatal infection and/or malnutrition. elucidation of the pathogenesis of primary upper small intestinal lymphoma serves as an example of the importance of the field of geographic pathology for the u ... | 1991 | 1649795 |
| prognostic indicators for development of aids among intravenous drug users. | a cohort of 544 human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) seropositive intravenous drug users (ivdus) was recruited in 1988 and early 1989; data on laboratory markers, clinical symptoms, intravenous drug use, and demographics were collected. forty-one ivdus developed aids within 2 years of enrollment. data were analyzed using methods of survival analysis. none of the individuals reported use of antiviral agents or pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis at baseline. a very strong (p less than 0.001) dose- ... | 1992 | 1613668 |
| surgical pathology of the liver in hiv infection. | in the 6-year period 1984-1989, 101 liver biopsies or 'needle necropsies' from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients were examined histologically. of these, only nine showed no abnormality whatsoever. the commonest histological findings were either fatty change or changes related to co-existent chronic viral hepatitis. granulomas were seen in 15 cases, four of which were positive for acid-fast bacilli. a range of organisms were recorded: cytomegalovirus (4); histoplasma capsulatum (1); ... | 1991 | 1653181 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an aids patient treated with itraconazole. | a patient with aids presented with a fever, shortness of breath and a productive cough. a provisional diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was made; however, blood cultures and bone marrow examination revealed disseminated infection with histoplasmosis capsulatum. this was treated by itraconazole with initial success, but the patient relapsed while on maintenance therapy. | 1991 | 1655628 |
| adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: a randomized european multicenter open label study. | fifty-nine human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected patients with a microscopically proven first episode of moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled into a randomized european multicenter study. the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid (cs) therapy was assessed on (a) survival to discharge, (b) need for mechanical ventilation, and (c) survival at day 90. cs was given within 24 h of standard therapy as intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 ... | 1992 | 1613673 |