| higher pentamidine levels in aids patients with hypoglycemia and azotemia during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) and pentamidine are both licensed for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). however, their use is associated with various adverse side effects. in this prospective study, 26 aids patients with 32 episodes of pcp were treated with pentamidine (4 mg/kg/d). each patient was treated for 12 to 21 days, depending on the rapidity of onset of the clinical response. during the 32 pcp episodes, hypoglycemia occurred in 16 instances, azotemia in 12, ... | 1992 | 1519856 |
| corticosteroids in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1504405 |
| characteristics and outcome variables of hiv cases at a university-based medical practice. | an increasing number of aids cases occur each year in west virginia despite its small urban population. from january 1984 to march 1991 at the marshall university based multispecialty internal medicine group (the university physicians in internal medicine), 66 hiv-infected persons were treated, most of whom are native west virginians and always resided in the state. the study group consisted of 61 men and 5 women; four-fifths of the men are homosexual/bisexual and one-seventh used intravenous il ... | 1992 | 1557906 |
| pneumocystis carinii shows dna homology with the ustomycetous red yeast fungi. | pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in t-lymphocyte-immunodeficient subjects in transplant and oncology units or with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). recent dna homology studies show p. carinii to be a fungus. to investigate the biology and epidemiology of this parasite further, we elected to determine for it a more precise taxonomic assignment within the fungal kingdom. we screened a wide range of organisms representing the major orders of fungi using dna amplific ... | 1992 | 1508039 |
| trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole appears more effective than aerosolized pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | we compared the efficacies of low-dose trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx; one tablet: tmp, 160 mg, smx, 800 mg, twice daily, twice a week) and aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg every 4 weeks) as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection. | 1992 | 1558714 |
| 120-kd surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii is a ligand for surfactant protein a. | pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. in the current study, surfactant protein a (sp-a), the major nonserum protein constituent of pulmonary surfactant, is demonstrated to bind p. carinii in a specific and saturable manner. sp-a is surface bound and does not appear to be internalized or degraded by the p. carinii organism. furthermore, sp-a binding to p. carinii is time- and calcium-dependent and is competitively inhibited by m ... | 1992 | 1530850 |
| increasing impact of hiv infection on hospitalizations in the united states, 1983-1988. | during 1983-1988, hospitalizations of patients with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection increased from 1.3 to 33.7 per 100,000 persons. we used the national hospital discharge survey, which is based on a representative sample of discharges from nonfederal short-stay hospitals, to describe illnesses among hospitalized patients with hiv infection. of 222,200 such hospitalizations during 1983-1988, most occurred among persons who were 25-44 years of age (79%), white (66%), a ... | 1992 | 1560347 |
| opsonophagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii. | the interaction of pneumocystis carinii purified from rat lungs with rat peritoneal macrophages and human circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied by amplified chemiluminescence and examination of stained cytospin preparations. a polyclonal rat antiserum to p. carinii was opsonic with both types of phagocyte. complement had no opsonic properties alone but produced a synergic effect in combination with antibody. | 1992 | 1560444 |
| new developments in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and therapies to treat this infection are associated with frequent and severe morbidity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). mortality rates remain in the 20 to 40 percent range for severe episodes. thus, less toxic and more effective therapies are needed. for mild-to-moderately severe episodes (pao2 greater than 70 mm hg or [a-a]do2 less than 35 mm hg), studies suggest that trimethoprim-dapsone, clindamycin-primaquine, and bw 566c80 may caus ... | 1992 | 1531191 |
| quantification of the detection of pneumocystis carinii by dna amplification. | we have developed a highly specific and sensitive technique for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna using dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr products are detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and southern hybridization to an oligonucleotide probe. here we report the calibration of parasite numbers with amplification and hybridization signals and show that we can detect p. carinii to a lower limit of one to two organisms. the quantification of this diagnostic te ... | 1992 | 1513340 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following immunosuppressive therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 1992 | 1525634 |
| immunodeficiency in methylmalonic acidaemia. | three chinese infants with methylmalonic acidaemia were described. they presented in the neonatal period with recurrent episodes of poor feeding, lethargy, apnoea and severe acidosis. the diagnosis was established by increased methylmalonic acid concentration in the plasma and/or urine. pancytopenia was a prominent feature in all three patients. only patient three had assessment of lymphocyte subsets and it showed diminished population of b-lymphocytes and a reversed cd4/cd8 ratio. all three pat ... | 1992 | 1562372 |
| procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities in bronchoalveolar fluid of hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | imbalance between intra-alveolar procoagulant activity (pca) and fibrinolytic activity may lead to fibrin deposition, as described in several pneumopathies, and may eventually contribute to fibrotic changes as observed in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the aim of our study was to compare these activities in bronchoalveolar lavages of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. the material comprised: a) controls (n = 7); b) hiv-positive patients subdivided into ... | 1992 | 1563500 |
| experience with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool in children with aids. | to report our experience with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acute lower respiratory tract disease. | 1992 | 1514551 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis complicating hiv infection: superiority of sputum smear over bronchoalveolar lavage. | tuberculosis should be prominently considered in the differential diagnosis when an hiv-infected patient has respiratory symptoms. sputum smears and culture for acid-fast organisms should always be obtained. fiberoptic bronchoscopy to exclude other concurrent opportunistic infections is appropriate because pneumocystis carinii complicates as many as 25% of the cases of pulmonary tb, but acid-fast sputum smears should always be obtained. it should not be assumed that bronchoalveolar lavage is sup ... | 1992 | 1566155 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: results of a large prospective randomized treatment trial. | to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) with pentamidine in the therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1567574 |
| the prevalence of invasive amebiasis is not increased in patients with aids. | to determine whether the frequency or severity of invasive amebiasis is increased in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1567575 |
| a simple scoring system to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in high-risk individuals. | | 1992 | 1567583 |
| pentamidine is an n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist and is neuroprotective in vitro. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is frequently associated with dementia. the wide spectrum of neurological abnormalities associated with this dementia may involve a neurotoxin that activates the nmda subtype of glutamate receptor in neurons. we have found that the antimicrobial agent pentamidine, which is prescribed for aids patients for the prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is an effective nmda receptor antagonist. pentamidine inhibited 3h-dizocilpine binding ... | 1992 | 1532027 |
| decision analysis: treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | controversy exists as to the most appropriate drug for the initial treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. decision analysis can be used to evaluate the choice between parenteral pentamidine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. sensitivity and threshold analyses illustrate how the choice is affected by the probabilities of success and adverse reactions, as well as by the values placed by the patient and practitioner on treatment outcomes ... | 1992 | 1570229 |
| thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. | thoracic disease in the hiv negative immunocompromised host is most frequently caused by infection. patterns of involvement produced on the chest radiograph include (1) lobar or segmental consolidation, (2) nodules with rapid growth and/or cavitation, and (3) diffuse lung disease. the lung also may be directly involved by lymphoma, metastases, drug reactions, radiation pneumonitis, or nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. the lung is a frequent target organ for opportunistic infections in aids p ... | 1992 | 1570394 |
| salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | clindamycin/primaquine is effective for treating mild-to-moderate cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. we retrospectively reviewed our experience with this combination among patients in whom conventional therapy had failed or was not tolerated. twenty-six patients who experienced 28 episodes of pcp received salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine at two university-affiliated medical centers. clindamycin was administered intravenously, (usually 900 mg every 8 h ... | 1992 | 1571426 |
| isolation and characterization of a recombinant antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii contains a major group of antigens which migrates as a broad band of 45 to 55 kda and 35 to 45 kda in organisms derived from rats and humans, respectively. this complex is among the most common p. carinii antigens found in the respiratory tract and is recognized by serum antibodies of infected individuals. we have isolated a cdna clone encoding the 3' portion of a 45- to 55-kda antigen of rat-derived p. carinii. the predicted protein encoded by this cdna contains a distincti ... | 1992 | 1541564 |
| inoculated mouse model of pneumocystis carinii infection. | a transtracheally inoculated mouse model of pneumocystis carinii has been developed using balb/c mice. the advantage of this strain of mice include that they are widely available, inexpensive, and were not infected with pneumocystis before inoculation. inoculated mice that were not treated had a mean infectivity score of 4.1 compared with inoculated mice treated with the effective anti-pneumocystis drug combination of trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole, which had a mean infectivity score of 0.1, ... | 1992 | 1572137 |
| detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by immunoreactivity to pneumocystis carinii within alveoli, granulomas, and disseminated sites. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common major opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), its immunopathogenesis is not fully understood. it is known that anti-pneumocystis antibodies are present in the sera of individuals with and without pcp. in order to determine whether anti-pneumocystis antibodies are also present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal), we looked for them, by immunoreactivity with tissue sections of intra-alveolar p. car ... | 1992 | 1574487 |
| trimetrexate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | the primary objective of this article is to introduce readers to the use of a new agent, trimetrexate (tmtx), in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the article also gives the readers an overview of pcp and discusses some of the controversies surrounding it. pharmacokinetic data and clinical trials are reviewed, as well as adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines. | 1992 | 1532518 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids and prolonged fever]. | pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) presents a high incidence in the evolution of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). common clinical signs include fever, dry cough and dyspnea, in the presence of pulmonar interstitial affection with several degrees of hypoxemia. one hundred and sixteen patients with npc and infection by hiv were diagnosed between december 1986 and january 1990. criteria of persistent fever was established in 10 of them (8.7%), with normal thoracic r ... | 1992 | 1576315 |
| radiology of aids in the pediatric patient. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has involved the pediatric age group and is especially prevalent in babies born of mothers who are intravenous drug abusers or prostitutes. approximately 30% of children born to mothers who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) will develop hiv infection. there are several important differences in children and adults with aids. the incubation period of the disease is shorter, and initial clinical manifestations occur earlier in ... | 1992 | 1576831 |
| disseminated penicillium marneffei infection in hiv-infected subject. | penicillium marneffei is a rare human pathogen predominantly affecting residents of south-east asia. we report four fatal cases from hong kong in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. the diagnosis was established by histological examination and confirmed by isolation of the fungus. the infection was disseminated with involvement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung, intestine and bone marrow. the involved organs showed an exclusively anergic tissue reaction characterized by a diffuse i ... | 1992 | 1577408 |
| cytology of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | rare cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii (eppc) have been seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we report seven such diagnoses of nonpulmonary p carinii (pc) from four aids patients between 1986 and 1989. the specimens included fine needle aspirate of liver, spleen, periarticular tissue and pleura as well as ankle fluid, pleural fluid and ascites. in some, but not all, cases the patients had concurrent or previous episodes of pc pneumonia. in all cases the typ ... | 1992 | 1580133 |
| [spontaneous pneumothorax complicating cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with pleural talc in an aids infected patient]. | | 1992 | 1532643 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking granulomatous lung disease. | a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented radiographically with upper lobe cavitation and association pleural thickening, mimicking granulomatous lung disease. the patient was diagnosed in our institution with transbronchial biopsies which showed p carinii organisms and foamy eosinophilic debris in the alveolar spaces. clinical and radiographic resolution occurred with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole therapy. this particular radiographic pattern ... | 1992 | 1538186 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating low dose methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. | | 1992 | 1539154 |
| [surgical lung biopsy]. | open lung biopsy enables a diagnosis to be made in cases of diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease. it was developed to aid the diagnosis of opportunistic infectious disease observed in virus infections in immune deficiency states and during transplants. open lung biopsy involves the partial resection of the lung parenchyma. the availability of the mechanical stapler has resolved the problem of parenchymal air leaks when suturing lung tissue. open lung biopsy should be carried out when endoscopi ... | 1992 | 1542745 |
| concurrent bacterial lung infection in patients with aids, pcp, and respiratory failure. | to determine and compare the incidence of concurrent bacterial lung infection in intubated and nonintubated patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) requiring medical intensive care unit (micu) admission for support of their respiratory function. | 1992 | 1582304 |
| length of stay and survival after intensive care for severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a prospective study. california collaborative treatment group. | survival rates for persons receiving intensive care for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have improved. however, the utility of prolonged intensive care for patients who do not show initial improvement remains unclear. we assessed survival in a nested cohort study of patients receiving intensive care while participating in a randomized trial of early adjunctive corticosteroids for pneumocystis pneumonia. twenty-eight of 251 (11 percent) participants were admitted to an intensive care unit. fourtee ... | 1992 | 1582305 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in aids patients not receiving prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1582330 |
| antibody responses to a major pneumocystis carinii antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with and without p. carinii pneumonia. | antibody responses to a major purified human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen (gp95) were determined by elisa in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. serum igg directed against gp95 was measured in 129 consecutive hiv-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary symptoms. significantly more patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) had detectable antibodies compared with hiv-infected patients without pcp and with hiv-negative controls (50 [66%] of ... | 1992 | 1583338 |
| miliary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1992 | 1543770 |
| prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1545462 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: common or uncommon? | | 1992 | 1546615 |
| evolving epidemiology of hiv infection among adults. | whereas new, or changes in existing, routes of transmission of hiv have not been identified in the 11 years since aids was identified as a clinical syndrome, changes in the epidemiology of hiv infection in the us have been identified during that period. the role of injection drug use as a risk for both parenteral and sexual transmission of hiv has increased substantially during this period. heterosexual transmission is becoming more prominent as the epidemic continues to "mature" in the us. the ... | 1992 | 1586001 |
| ga-67 scintigraphy and computed tomography in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. a prospective comparison. | a prospective evaluation of ga-67 scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography was performed in 70 consecutive patients with aids who were suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. studies were evaluated independently by two observers. receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. although scintigraphy had a higher true-positive ratio at any false-positive ratio, statistically the areas under the two receiver operating characteristic curves were not significantly differen ... | 1992 | 1587045 |
| importance of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon in host resistance against pneumocystis carinii infection. | c.b-17 scid/scid (scid) mice that have acquired natural pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii clear these organisms by 19 days after reconstitution with spleen cells from immunocompetent mice and therefore serve as a model for studying the pathogenesis of and immunity to p. carinii pneumonia. the present study examined the importance of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in the clearance of p. carinii by treatment of reconstituted scid mic ... | 1992 | 1548057 |
| infection with mycobacterium bovis in a patient with aids: a late complication of bcg vaccination. | we present a 28-year-old hiv-infected man with a 2-year delayed complication of bcg immunization. when immunized the man was healthy, with an unknown hiv status, but 2 years later he was diagnosed with aids because of a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he was successfully treated and discharged in a state of good health. a few months later he presented with an enlarged lymph node and mycobacterium bovis, bcg strain, was cultured. no sign of dissemination was found. we discuss the indications for ... | 1992 | 1589715 |
| cardiac arrest during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intravenous pentamidine isethionate. | a 27-year-old man, hiv-positive for 4 years, developed ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intravenous pentamidine isethionate. the dosage was 4 mg/kg/day for 18 days. nephrotoxicity occurred and raised serum potassium. the plasma concentration of pentamidine was 580 nmol/l. careful monitoring of renal and cardiac functions is recommended during intravenous therapy with pentamidine isethionate. | 1992 | 1589716 |
| pneumocystis colitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report a case of colonic pneumocystosis in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive homosexual male who presented with fever and diarrhea. stool cultures for bacterial pathogens and examinations for ova and parasites were negative. the diagnosis was made by colonoscopic biopsy which revealed pneumocystis carinii organisms in the lamina propria of the cecum, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. the patient subsequently developed pulmonary and ocular abnormalities consistent with p. carini ... | 1992 | 1590316 |
| improved rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: induced laboratory infections in pneumocystis-free animals. | an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is described that utilizes simple, noninvasive intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation of cryopreserved parasites and results in development of severe p. carinii pneumonia within 5 weeks. this is an improvement over the most commonly used models of p. carinii pneumonia that rely on immune suppression to activate latent p. carinii infections and that often require 8 to 12 weeks to produce heavy infections of p. carinii. it is also less labo ... | 1992 | 1548080 |
| critical care management of the patient with hiv infection who has pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequently occurring opportunistic infection in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. improved methods of diagnosing and treating pcp have resulted in increased survival rates. nurses are more frequently faced with treatment of the critical care patient with pcp. knowledge about the mechanisms and manifestations of pcp as well as its diagnosis and treatment provides a baseline for the nursing management of pcp. nursing care f ... | 1992 | 1592614 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and your child: a parent information booklet. | a parent education booklet describing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was prepared by the pediatric branch of the national cancer institute. in addition to information about prophylaxis and treatment of pcp, the booklet discusses overall care of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1594471 |
| the sulfone syndrome in a patient receiving dapsone prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1595261 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii infections in heart-lung and lung transplantation--how effective and for how long? | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a common clinical problem in the setting of organ transplantation, particularly in heart-lung and lung allograft recipients. without prophylactic measurements, the incidence of p carinii pneumonia can reach up to 88% of heart-lung transplant recipients. we conducted a retrospective analysis of the stanford heart-lung and lung transplant experience in order to assess the efficacy of the prophylactic therapy and to try to define the duration of therapy neces ... | 1992 | 1549851 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii infection mimicking kaposi sarcoma. | | 1992 | 1596046 |
| fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in the investigation of the immunocompromised lung. | the records of 18 immunocompromised patients with recent onset of pulmonary disease who had fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage over a two year period (1989-90) were reviewed. the underlying diseases were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (n = 7), organ transplantation (n = 9), and chemotherapy for malignancy (n = 2). four patients were receiving prophylactic therapy and 12 had been started on empirical therapy for infection. patients proceeded to bronchoscopy either be ... | 1992 | 1598142 |
| surfactant analysis during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | pulmonary surfactant is altered in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. although p carinii is a major causative agent of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, the pathophysiology of lung injury caused by this organism is poorly understood. therefore, we studied bronchoalveolar lavage specimens obtained from 19 hiv-infected subjects with pcp compared with specimens from ten healthy control subjects. as iterative bal was performed, 37 bal specimens were analyzed for protein and phosphol ... | 1992 | 1600773 |
| pneumocystis carinii in aids patients. | | 1992 | 1602420 |
| clinical apnea as an early manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with perinatal hiv-1 infection. | this article describes the first case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive infant in whom apnea was the earliest presenting clinical finding. pediatricians treating infants with hiv infection need to be aware of this unusual clinical presentation of p carinii pneumonia to avoid a delay in diagnosis and management of this disease. | 1992 | 1602505 |
| comparison of aids in women in rural and urban georgia. | through 1990, 308 cases of aids had been reported in female residents of georgia (aged 13 years and older); 77 (25%) were white and 228 (75%) black. the mean age of the white women (43.8 years) was greater than that of the black women (34.5 years). one hundred sixty-six women were from atlanta (metro atl), the major metropolitan center in georgia, and 142 (46%) from other regions of the state (other areas). blacks represented 74% and 76% of all cases in women in metro atl and other areas respect ... | 1992 | 1604384 |
| treatment ind protocol announced for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1551304 |
| use of fluoroquinolones for prophylaxis of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we compared the prophylactic activities of six fluoroquinolones against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. pefloxacin was the only agent which was as effective as the reference drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. clinical trials with pefloxacin in patients at risk for p. carinii pneumonia appear to be justified. | 1992 | 1605613 |
| prognostic indicators for development of aids among intravenous drug users. | a cohort of 544 human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) seropositive intravenous drug users (ivdus) was recruited in 1988 and early 1989; data on laboratory markers, clinical symptoms, intravenous drug use, and demographics were collected. forty-one ivdus developed aids within 2 years of enrollment. data were analyzed using methods of survival analysis. none of the individuals reported use of antiviral agents or pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis at baseline. a very strong (p less than 0.001) dose- ... | 1992 | 1613668 |
| adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: a randomized european multicenter open label study. | fifty-nine human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected patients with a microscopically proven first episode of moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled into a randomized european multicenter study. the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid (cs) therapy was assessed on (a) survival to discharge, (b) need for mechanical ventilation, and (c) survival at day 90. cs was given within 24 h of standard therapy as intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 ... | 1992 | 1613673 |
| pulmonary disposition of gallium-67 in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia: an analysis using bronchoalveolar lavage. | gallium-67 localizes to the cellular fraction of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid in patients with sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as normal subjects. to further study 67ga disposition in bal fluid, 11 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and 8 patients with a variety of other lung diseases, underwent bal 24 hr after 67ga injection. compared to the non-pcp patients, pcp patients had high uptake gallium scans at 24 and 72 hr, and showed significantly increased ... | 1992 | 1552333 |
| the biology of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1992 | 1554424 |
| the spectrum of clinical and pathological manifestations of aids in a consecutive series of autopsied patients in mexico. | little is known about the clinical profile of aids in latin american populations. this study characterizes the clinical and pathological manifestations of aids in a representative series of mexican aids patients at autopsy. | 1992 | 1616652 |
| improved outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: a multifactorial treatment effect. | factors determining the outcome of an episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 149 aids patients treated at st mary's hospital were identified and their importance on improved survival evaluated between 1984 and 1989. the proportion of fatal episodes of pcp decreased over time. fatal compared with nonfatal episodes had lower mean alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (82.5 mmhg vs 53.8 mmhg, p less than 0.001), mean haemoglobin level (11.2 g/dl vs 12.1 g/dl, p = 0.01), mean lymphocyte coun ... | 1992 | 1616964 |
| emergence of unusual opportunistic pathogens in aids: a review. | opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), particularly late in the disease, when immunosuppression is severe. some pathogens, such as pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, are extremely common in this population and are readily recognized by clinicians caring for these patients. however, many other organisms occasionally cause conditions that clinically mimic the more commonly encountered pathogens ... | 1992 | 1617054 |
| [diagnosis and course of patients with hiv infections and exclusion of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 30 patients infected with hiv (20 men, 10 women; mean age 34 [26-54] years), suspected of having pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia, had undergone bronchoalveolar lavage which proved negative for pc. they were then kept under observation for 5 months. no transbronchial biopsy was performed. 27 patients were in stage iv of the hiv infection, and 14 had been on pentamidine prophylaxis. the most frequent diagnosis with the bronchial lavage was bacterial infection (19 patients), next most frequent ... | 1992 | 1618118 |
| [acute nonbacterial bronchopneumopathies in the 1st years of life. diagnostic strategies and clinico-epidemiological peculiarities]. | the authors summarise diagnostic strategies an clinical epidemiologic peculiarities of non-bacterial bronchopneumopathies in children. the role of classic viral agents (virus influenzal a-b, virus parainfluenza 2-3, rvs) is stressed without neglecting the role of other etiologic agents such as chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae and pneumocystis carinii. the authors point out the necessity of direct investigation (viral cultures, direct investigation in if and elisa, investigation with ... | 1992 | 1620072 |
| [pulmonary cavity caused by pneumocystis carinii in an hiv+ patient]. | | 1992 | 1620930 |
| [survival in hiv infection and aids]. | duration of the aids-free period after hiv-infection and survival time vary to a wide extent. about 50 percent of the patients develop aids within 10 years. the most important prognostic factor is the cd4-lymphocyte count. the risk of aids increases significantly after cd4-lymphocyte counts drop below 400/microliters. another prognostic factor is age. in older patients disease progresses more rapidly. aids often is preceded by an aids-related-complex characterized for example by oral candidiasis ... | 1992 | 1621324 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. successful treatment with talc pleurodesis. | spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, treatment with tube insertion and tetracycline sclerosis often fails to prevent recurrence. we present a single case of such a patient successfully treated with talc sclerosis. | 1992 | 1555449 |
| flow cytometric analyses of lectin binding to pneumocystis carinii surface carbohydrates. | pneumocystis carinii obtained from infected rat lung homogenates was incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins, counterstained with the nuclear stain, propidium iodide (pi), and analyzed by dual parameter histograms for lectin-associated green and pi-associated red fluorescence using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. the presence of glucose/mannose moieties was evidenced by the binding of all organisms to concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda. from the lectin group specif ... | 1992 | 1556643 |
| correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage findings to severity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. evidence for the development of high-permeability pulmonary edema. | we correlated bronchoalveolar lavage findings with the clinical course and outcome of pneumocystis pneumonia. forty-eight patients with aids and a confirmed diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia were studied. patients with additional pulmonary infections were excluded. on the basis of bal findings, they were divided into those with a low neutrophil count (less than 5 percent) and those with a high neutrophil count (greater than or equal to 5 percent). sixteen patients with aids but without pcp served ... | 1992 | 1623798 |
| modulation of tumor necrosis factor release from alveolar macrophages treated with pentamidine isethionate. | alveolar macrophages in aids patients have a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor release in active pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we have demonstrated that pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine currently used to treat aids-related p. carinii pneumonia, is an effective inhibitor of cellular tumor necrosis factor release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages at concentrations greater than 10(-8) m. inhibition of release is not dependent upon the continued presence of penta ... | 1992 | 1624213 |
| occult alveolar haemorrhage in bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma. | evidence of occult alveolar haemorrhage was sought by perls's staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to detect haemosiderin laden macrophages in 63 human immunodeficiency virus positive (hiv-1) men who underwent bronchoscopy. twenty three patients had bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma; occult alveolar haemorrhage was present in 16 of these (including two in whom no tracheobronchial lesions were evident at bronchoscopy, but in whom the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy). forty patients had ot ... | 1992 | 1624606 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during cyclosporine therapy for ulcerative colitis. | | 1992 | 1625744 |
| pneumocystis carinii peritonitis. antemortem confirmation of disseminated pneumocystosis by cytologic examination of body fluids. | histologic confirmation of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has usually required organ biopsy when the diagnosis was made antemortem. three cases of pneumocystis peritonitis were studied in which confirmation of extrapulmonary dissemination was achieved by cytologic examination of ascitic fluid. patients presented with characteristic choroidal lesions, transudative ascites, profound hypoalbuminemia, and hepatic dysfunction. cytologic examina ... | 1992 | 1558450 |
| atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually presents with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, many other roentgenographic presentations occur in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. to clarify the determinants of atypical presentations of pcp, we evaluated 65 english-language reports that related the roentgenographic manifestations of consecutive cases of pcp. the incidence of pcp-associated upper lobe disease, cysts, and spontaneous pneumothoraxes was increased in ... | 1992 | 1627019 |
| prospective randomized comparison of toxicity of two prophylactic regimens of cotrimoxazole in leukemic children. | cotrimoxazole is currently used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in leukemic children. the former regimen of continuous administration was recently replaced by intermittent administration. the antifolic activity of cotrimoxazole could theoretically enhance that of methotrexate, also administered to leukemic children. we report on a prospective, randomized study to compare two different regimens--continuous vs. 3 days a week--of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. the aim of the study was to ... | 1992 | 1558774 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: diagnostic yield of induced sputum and immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (is), assessing the reliability of indirect immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies (ifmoab) and methenamine silver (met-ag) and analysing factors likely to influence the sensitivity of these techniques. an analysis was prospectively carried out on is specimens collected from 61 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during 69 episodes of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ultrasonic ... | 1992 | 1628723 |
| [pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 japanese autopsy cases with aids]. | the pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of japanese patients with aids. the major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. the pathogens identified were as follows; pneumocystis carinii (pc) in 10, cytomegalovirus (cmv) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. pc pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. in such patients, the lung were heavy and ... | 1992 | 1630037 |
| clinical manifestations, management and therapy of hiv infection in children. | perinatal infection accounts for the majority of cases of hiv infection in children both in developed and developing countries. transmission may occur in utero, intrapartum or postpartum as a result of breast-feeding. the actual risk of transmission through breast-feeding is unknown. the majority of infants reported to be infected through breast milk have been infected as a result of a recently acquired hiv infection in the mother. infants with hiv infection frequently present with clinical symp ... | 1992 | 1633655 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection. 1973. | | 1992 | 1635440 |
| [pneumatocele and pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii]. | | 1992 | 1560726 |
| g-estimation of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the survival of aids patients. | aids clinical trial group randomized trial 002 compared the effect of high-dose with low-dose 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (azt) on the survival of aids patients. embedded within the trial was an essentially uncontrolled observational study of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on survival. in this paper, we estimate the causal effect of prophylaxis therapy on survival by using the method of g-estimation to estimate the parameters of a structural nested failure time ... | 1992 | 1637895 |
| sequence and variability of the 5.8s and 26s rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii. | the sequence of the coding region of the rrna operon of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii has been completed, including the genes for 5.8s and 26s rrna. these genes show homology to the rrna genes of yeast, and an apparent group i self-splicing intron is present in the 26s rrna gene. like a similar intron in the 16s rrna gene, this intron is in a phylogenetically conserved region. variation in the 26s rrna sequence was noted between p. carinii organisms isolated from two different sources. | 1992 | 1641341 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a hiv-positive patient]. | the authors publish a case report of a young man, who have got a severe pneumonia, which did not recover after antibiotics treatment. when the cause of the immunosuppression was investigated, hiv positivity was found, and pneumocystis carinii was recognised in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. the diagnosis of the lung complications and the possibilities of the treatment are discussed. | 1992 | 1560972 |
| tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. how often does it mimic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? | adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is recommended for selected human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. because corticosteroids may exacerbate undiagnosed tuberculosis, we evaluated the frequency with which tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients mimics p carinii pneumonia. over a 12-month period, we identified 105 hiv-infected patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and 84 patients with p carinii pneumonia who were sufficiently hypoxemic ... | 1992 | 1643927 |
| bilateral pneumothoraces hasten mortality in aids patients receiving secondary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. association with a lower dco prior to receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | we have administered aerosolized pentamidine (ap) to 48 aids patients for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pentamidine 60 mg was administered by ultrasonic nebulization (fisoneb) five times during the first two weeks and then every two weeks. the mean follow-up was 343 +/- 22 days. pcp recurred in ten patients, 297 +/- 33 days after starting ap therapy. all responded to anti-pneumocystis therapy but two patients died of unrelated reasons (20 percent mortality). five ... | 1992 | 1643939 |
| the gene coding for small ribosomal subunit rna in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis contains a group i intron. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for small ribosomal subunit rna in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis was determined. it revealed the presence of a group i intron with a length of 411 nucleotides. this is the third occurrence of such an intron discovered in a small subunit rrna gene encoded by a eukaryotic nuclear genome. the other two occurrences are in pneumocystis carinii, a fungus of uncertain taxonomic status, and ankistrodesmus stipitatus, a green alga. the nucleotides of the con ... | 1992 | 1561081 |
| continuous positive airway pressure by face mask or mechanical ventilation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we reviewed the records of 44 patients with aids who had 45 episodes of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). while 9 patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation (mv) on admission, continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) by face mask was the initial measure in 36 episodes. there were 25 patients managed with cpap alone, 23 of whom survived. among the reasons for delayed intubation and mv (11 patients) was that treatment failure was strongly associated with non-survival, sin ... | 1992 | 1644963 |
| aerosolized pentamidine: a well-tolerated mode of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | aerosolized pentamidine has been recommended as an alternative mode of antipneumocystis prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole intolerance. however, there have been no definitive data concerning the most appropriate dose and the tolerance of aerosolized pentamidine in children. in the present study, we assessed the tolerance of aerosolized pentamidine in older children using a regimen similar to the one recommended in adults. a 300-mg dos ... | 1992 | 1565553 |
| morbidity and mortality of patients with aids and first-episode pneumocystis carinii pneumonia unaffected by concomitant pulmonary cytomegalovirus infection. | to determine the significance of cytomegalovirus (cmv) pulmonary coinfection with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids, we examined the association of long- and short-term survival and morbidity (as defined by length of hospital stay) with recovery of cmv from bronchoscopy specimens and an indirect measure of virus titer in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (the time to develop cmv cytopathology in culture) in 111 patients diagnosed with a first episode of p. carinii pneumonia. compared with 57 ind ... | 1991 | 1648316 |
| [detection of human cytomegalovirus dna by in situ hybridization]. | a biotin labelled human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna probe of ecori d fragment (17kb) from hcmv ad 169 strain was prepared. in situ hybridization of hcmv was performed in paraffin section of tissues collected from an autopsy case of congenital and combined immunodeficiency syndrome associated with systemic hcmv and pneumocystis carinii infections. the pathological lesions of hcmv infection showed three different patterns: 1, necrotic granuloma type, 2, diffuse type, and 3, scattered type. hcmv dna ... | 1991 | 1648456 |
| [a case of new type scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) presenting with acute respiratory failure and hemophagocytic syndrome]. | a 47-year-old male was referred to our hospital with persistent high fever. he had received antibiotics (aspc) for the diagnosis of acute infectious disease, which failed to respond, and subsequently developed marked lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. during his hospitalization, hypoxic respiratory failure rapidly developed. a bone marrow aspiration revealed marked hemophagocytosis, leading to the tentative diagnosis of opportunistic respiratory infection associated with malignant histiocytos ... | 1992 | 1569724 |
| the long-term effects of aerosol pentamidine on pulmonary function. the toronto aerosolized pentamidine study (taps) group. | aerosolized pentamidine (ap) has been widely used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) since 1988. the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of ap on pulmonary function. of 36 patients with aids who were receiving ap for secondary prophylaxis of pcp, 13 patients had been using ap continuously for more than 52 weeks. ap was given using a fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizer with five loading doses of 60 mg over two weeks, followed by one dose of 60 mg every two ... | 1992 | 1572106 |
| surgical pathology of the liver in hiv infection. | in the 6-year period 1984-1989, 101 liver biopsies or 'needle necropsies' from human immunodeficiency virus positive patients were examined histologically. of these, only nine showed no abnormality whatsoever. the commonest histological findings were either fatty change or changes related to co-existent chronic viral hepatitis. granulomas were seen in 15 cases, four of which were positive for acid-fast bacilli. a range of organisms were recorded: cytomegalovirus (4); histoplasma capsulatum (1); ... | 1991 | 1653181 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis in an aids patient treated with itraconazole. | a patient with aids presented with a fever, shortness of breath and a productive cough. a provisional diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was made; however, blood cultures and bone marrow examination revealed disseminated infection with histoplasmosis capsulatum. this was treated by itraconazole with initial success, but the patient relapsed while on maintenance therapy. | 1991 | 1655628 |
| the causes of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a clinical and pathologic study with emphasis on the role of pulmonary diseases. | the clinical records and autopsy data of 75 patients dying with aids were reviewed to determine the frequency of individual diseases diagnosed premortem and postmortem, the significance of pulmonary processes found in the lungs at autopsy, and the clinical and pathologic causes of death. cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection was identified histologically either premortem or postmortem in 81% of patients. the lungs and adrenal glands were infected most commonly. only one-half of cmv infections were rec ... | 1991 | 1656164 |