| sensitivity of food pathogens to garlic (allium sativum). | the inhibitory activity of garlic (allium sativum) against staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes was measured by the 'turbidity' method. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of garlic at 80% inhibition level was calculated for these bacteria. all bacterial pathogenic strains tested were inhibited by garlic; e. coli was most sensitive and listeria monocytogenes was least sensitive. therefore, garlic has potential for the preservation of processed f ... | 1998 | 9633635 |
| effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. | garlic-containing drugs have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia even though their efficacy is not generally established. little is known about the mechanisms of action of the possible effects on cholesterol in humans. | 1998 | 9634262 |
| effects of feeding fresh garlic and garlic oil on detoxifying enzymes and micronuclei formation in rats treated with azoxymethane. | the effect of feeding a fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diet was studied in rats for a period of 23 weeks with or without the treatment of a carcinogen azoxymethane (aom), on the modulation of detoxification enzymes and micronuclei formation. the results showed that feeding fresh garlic or garlic oil-supplemented diets tended to reduce hepatic lipid peroxidation, though not to significant levels. glutathione content was also not altered. the catalase activity in liver of rats fed a fresh ... | 1998 | 9637953 |
| attenuation of iron-nitrilotriacetate (fe-nta)-mediated renal oxidative stress, toxicity and hyperproliferative response by the prophylactic treatment of rats with garlic oil. | iron nitrilotriacetate (fe-nta) is a potent nephrotoxic agent. in this communication we show that fe-nta-mediated nephrotoxicity is diminished by 1 wk of oral daily pretreatment of male albino wistar rats with garlic oil given by gavage at 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight/ml corn oil. intraperitoneal fe-nta treatment at a dose level of 9 mg fe/kg body weight/10 ml enhances renal microsomal lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide generation which are accompanied by a decrease in the activities of ren ... | 1998 | 9674956 |
| allyl sulfides from garlic suppress the in vitro proliferation of human a549 lung tumor cells. | the present studies compared the antiproliferative effects of diallyl trisulfide (dats) and diallyl disulfide (dads) on cultured human neoplastic (a549) and nonneoplastic (mrc-5) lung cells. addition of 10 microm dats reduced a549 growth by 47%, whereas 10 microm dads decreased growth by only 20%. dats treatment (10 microm) did not alter mrc-5 cell growth. dats (10 microm) caused a marked and progressive increase in intracellular ca2+ in a549 cells during the first four hours after treatment. in ... | 1997 | 9427979 |
| factorial trial of three interventions to reduce the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in shandong, china: design issues and initial data. | in the fall of 1995, 3411 subjects in 13 rural villages in linqu county, shandong province, china, began participating in a blinded, randomized 23 factorial trial to determine whether interventions can reduce the prevalence of dysplasia and other precancerous gastric lesions. one intervention is treatment for infection by helicobacter pylori with amoxicillin and omeprazole. a second is dietary supplementation with capsules containing vitamin c, vitamin e, and selenium. a third is dietary supplem ... | 1998 | 9683311 |
| differentiation of allium carlaviruses isolated from different parts of the world based on the viral coat protein sequence. | common primers which amplify the 3' terminal genomic rnas of allium carlaviruses were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of shallot latent virus (slv), garlic latent virus (glv) and garlic common latent virus (gclv). a total of fifteen cdnas encoding the coat protein (cp) of the carlaviruses, including the biologically identified isolates slv, glv and gclv as well as viruses from infected allium plants cultivated in different parts of the world, were amplified by rt-pcr with the common pr ... | 1998 | 9687867 |
| garlic prevents hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. | hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction underlies the development of high-altitude pulmonary edema. anecdotal observations suggest a beneficial effect of garlic in preventing high-altitude symptoms. to determine whether garlic influences pulmonary vasoconstriction, we assessed the effect of garlic on pulmonary pressures in rats subjected to alveolar hypoxia and on vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary arterial rings. garlic gavage (100 mg/kg body wt) for 5 days resulted in complete inhibition of acu ... | 1998 | 9700088 |
| inhibition of aspergillus niger and aspergillus flavus by some herbs and spices. | the inhibitory effect of water-soluble extracts of garlic bulbs, green garlic, green onions, hot peppers, ginger, chinese parsley, and basil on the growth of aspergillus niger and aspergillus flavus was examined. garlic bulbs, green garlic, and green onions showed an inhibitory effect against these two fungi. the influence of heat, acid, and salt upon the inhibitory effect of these three herbs was further studied. increasing the temperature from 60 to 100 degrees c resulted in a significant (p < ... | 1998 | 9708267 |
| detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens in spices used in mexico by dot blotting using a dna probe. | several reports on the microbiology of spices and herbs indicate the presence of clostridium perfringens, a spore-forming foodborne pathogen responsible for gastrointestinal disease. in the present study, a total of 380 samples of spices and herbs (cumin seed, black pepper, oregano, garlic powder, and bay leaves) widely used in mexico were analyzed for the presence of c. perfringens, and the enterotoxigenicity of the isolates was determined by a dot-blot technique using an enterotoxin degoxigeni ... | 1998 | 9708282 |
| effect of allicin and ajoene, two compounds of garlic, on inducible nitric oxide synthase. | inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) has recently been shown to be present in human atherosclerotic lesions and to promote the formation of deleterious peroxynitrite. allicin and ajoene are discussed as active compounds with regard to the beneficial effects of garlic in atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of allicin and ajoene on the inos system in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages. ajoene (ic50 2.5-5 microm) and allicin (ic50 15-20 micr ... | 1998 | 9712340 |
| molecular characterization of the garlic virus x genome. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the cdna genome for garlic virus x (gvx), one of the major viruses infecting garlic plants, was determined. gvx is a single-stranded positive-sense rna virus consisting of 8106 nucleotides excluding the 3'-end poly(a) tail and contains six open reading frames (orfs) which encode putative proteins of 174 kda (orf1), 26 kda (orf2), 12 kda (orf3), 32 kda (orf4), 26 kda (orf5) and 15 kda (orf6). the putative viral proteins show similarity to those of carlaviruses ... | 1998 | 9460937 |
| garlic prevents hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. | it has been reported that garlic activates nitric oxide synthase in vitro and that chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (no) synthesis by n omega-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester (l-name) induces arterial hypertension in rats. in this work, we studied the effect of oral administration of l-name for 4 weeks on control and garlic-fed rats. basal systolic blood pressure was recorded 4 weeks after garlic supplementation, and on weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after l-name treatment. at the end of the study, the in ... | 1998 | 9464471 |
| is gene therapy for aging possible? | throughout human history, search for means to prevent or slow down aging has followed three main lines--(1) removing waste products and cleansing impurities; (2) using products of plants and animals as medicine; and (3) compensating for decrease in various hormones, vitamins and other chemicals in the body. even in modern times, immense popularity of various spas and water therapies is an example of the first type of anti-aging approach for which there are no real scientific basis. some prelimin ... | 1998 | 9754054 |
| saprophytic and cycloheximide resistant fungi isolated from golden hamster. | healthy hair samples from golden hamsters were examined for the presence of dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes using baiting technique and direct inoculation. thirty-four species and 2 varieties attributed to 17 genera were recovered. paecilomyces variotii (isolated from 84.4% of the examined hair) and aspergillus niger (81.3%) were the more frequent isolates on sabouraud's dextrose agar (sda) without cycloheximide. our results have clearly demonstrated that the hair of hamster was free from tr ... | 1998 | 9768288 |
| [a japanese family with paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis]. | we present the first report of japanese family with paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (pdc). at least seventeen individuals of this family in six generations were affected by pdc by autosomal dominant inheritance. the affected individuals had attacks of choreoathetosis/dystonia-like involuntary movements without loss of consciousness. these attacks were precipitated by stress, caffeine, menstruation or ovulation, but not by sudden voluntary movements, which are common precipitating factors in ... | 1997 | 9490902 |
| ajoene, a compound of garlic, induces apoptosis in human promyeloleukemic cells, accompanied by generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of nuclear factor kappab. | the pharmacological role of garlic in prevention and treatment of cancer has received increasing attention, but thorough investigations into the molecular mechanisms of action of garlic compounds are rare. the present study demonstrates that ajoene, a major compound of garlic induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells, but not in peripheral mononuclear blood cells of healthy donors. the effect was dose and time dependent. apoptosis was judged by three criteria, morphology of cells, quantification ... | 1998 | 9495804 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of virus isolates indicates the presence of three potyvirus species in allium plants. | cdnas of potyviruses from allium plants cultivated in different parts of the world were cloned by rt-pcr with a common primer for amplifying the 3' terminal genomic rnas of onion yellow dwarf virus (oydv), leek yellow stripe virus (lysv) and, probably, of closely related potyviruses. their nucleotide sequences bearing the viral coat protein (cp) gene and the 3' non-coding sequence were determined and compared. the degree of their sequence similarities clearly differentiated the respective viruse ... | 1998 | 9505969 |
| [seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori infection among yi and han nationalities in yunxian county, yunnan province]. | under cluster sampling, an early serum essay of helicobacterpylori (hp) infection among 1084 healthy people, was carried out. out of them, 325 among the yi and han nationalities at yunxian county of yunnan province were given a simultaneous test of anti-hav igg. the results were as follows: overall hp infection rate was 51.1%; no difference of the infection was observed between the yis and the hans; the prevalence of hp antibody went up with age; higher rates were detected among those who drank ... | 1997 | 9812475 |
| herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. | herbal medicinals are being used by an increasing number of patients who typically do not advise their clinicians of concomitant use. known or potential drug-herb interactions exist and should be screened for. if used beyond 8 weeks, echinacea could cause hepatotoxicity and therefore should not be used with other known hepatoxic drugs, such as anabolic steroids, amiodarone, methotrexate, and ketoconazole. however, echinacea lacks the 1,2 saturated necrine ring associated with hepatoxicity of pyr ... | 1998 | 9818800 |
| human electroencephalographic (eeg) response to olfactory stimulation: two experiments using the aroma of food. | the present studies sought to examine the effect of olfactory stimulation on human central nervous system activity. in the first experiment (n = 21), eeg response to the 'synthetic' odours of chocolate, spearmint, almond, strawberry, vegetable, garlic and onion, and cumin or no odour was recorded from 19 electrodes (f3, f4, f7, f8, fz, t3, t4, t5, t6, p3, p4, pz, o1, o2, c3, c4, cz) in all eeg frequencies (delta, theta, alpha, beta1 and beta2). exposure to the odour of chocolate was associated w ... | 1998 | 9834885 |
| the effect of the aged garlic extract, 'kyolic', on the development of experimental atherosclerosis. | the aged garlic extract 'kyolic' lowers serum cholesterol levels in humans and experimental animals and thus is presumed to have a protective effect against atherosclerosis. however, to date no studies have examined the effect of this substance on the actual development of the disease. in the present study, the right carotid artery of 24 rabbits was de-endothelialized by balloon catheterisation in order to produce a myointimal thickening. after 2 weeks the rabbits were randomly assigned to four ... | 1997 | 9247357 |
| antitumour activity of diallyl sulfide on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. | diallyl sulfide (das), a major flavour component of garlic, is known to modulate xenobiotic metabolism and possess antitoxic, bactericidal, antineoplastic, hypolipidemic and hypocholesteromic effects. in the present study, the anticarcinogenic activity of das on a 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba)- or benzo[a]pyrene (b(a)p)-induced mouse skin model of carcinogenesis was evaluated. das was applied topically either 1 h prior to or 1 h after the administration of dmba or b(a)p. a significant prote ... | 1998 | 9851255 |
| antitumor activity of diallyl sulfide in two-stage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis. | it has been reported that diallyl sulfide (das), a sulfur-containing volatile compound in garlic (allium sativum), exerts anticarcinogenic activity in various rodent tumor models. in the present study, the antitumor property of das was tested in swiss albino mice in the two stage initiation-promotion mouse skin carcinogenesis. skin cancers were initiated topically with a single subcarcinogenic dose (52 micrograms) of 7, 12-dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (dmba). promotion was performed by twice wee ... | 1998 | 9861485 |
| effects of garlic compounds diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity in strains of helicobacter pylori from peptic ulcer patients. | arylamine n-acctyltransferase (nat) activities with p-aminobenzoic acid (paba) and 2-aminofluorene (2-af) were determined in the bacterium helicobacter pylori collected from peptic ulcer patients. two assay systems were performed, one with cellular cytosols, the other with intact cell suspensions. cytosols or suspensions of h. pylori with or without specific concentrations of diallyl sulfide (das) or diallyl disulfide (dads) co-treatment showed different percentages of 2-af and paba acetylation. ... | 1998 | 9862023 |
| bioactive phytochemicals with emphasis on dietary practices. | diet can modify the pathophysiological processes of various metabolic disorders and can be an effective preventive strategy for various disease processes most of which are known to involve oxidative damage. both nutrient and non-nutrient components of the diet have been recognized for their anti-oxidant and other potential benefits. plant foods contain phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, etc., which show biological activity. some common foods used in indian culinary practices were ... | 1998 | 9863273 |
| effects of garlic thioallyl derivatives on growth, glutathione concentration, and polyamine formation of human prostate carcinoma cells in culture. | this study investigated whether naturally occurring garlic derivatives and synthetic s-cysteinyl compounds that resemble garlic constituents have antiproliferative effects on human prostate carcinoma (lncap) cells. studies also examined whether s-allylmercaptocysteine and s-allylcysteine affect two important molecular targets, namely reduced glutathione and polyamines. results showed that s-allylmercaptocysteine (50 mg/l) diminished lncap cell growth whereas the antiproliferative effect of s-all ... | 1997 | 9250120 |
| functional relationship between age-related immunodeficiency and learning deterioration. | disordered immune responses are supposed to alter the function of the central nervous system through the neuroendocrine immunomodulation network. in this paper, we studied the influence of the immune function on learning performances from the angle of pharmacology using aged garlic extract (age), an immunomodulator. splenocyte proliferation, induced by concanavalin a or lipopolysaccharide, and the antibody production response were declined in senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8 (samp8) aged 12 ... | 1998 | 9875363 |
| modulation of phase i and phase ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by selenium-enriched garlic in rats. | previous research showed that treatment with selenium-enriched garlic (se-garlic) was able to inhibit the initiation phase of mammary carcinogenesis in the dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (dmba) model in rats. the present study was designed to investigate the following parameters: 1) dmba-dna adduct formation in liver and mammary gland, 2) urinary excretion of dmba metabolites, 3) phase i and phase ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and 4) tissue selenium levels as a function of se-garlic supplement ... | 1997 | 9290126 |
| occupational asthma caused by exposure to asparagus: detection of allergens by immunoblotting. | vegetables of the liliaceae family, such as garlic or onion, have been reported to cause occupational asthma. however, there are few data on adverse reactions to asparagus. we evaluated the role of asparagus as a cause of asthma in a patient with respiratory symptoms occurring at work (horticulture) and studied relevant allergens. | 1998 | 9930601 |
| ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studies. | ajoene ((e,z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), a garlic-derived natural compound, is a covalent inhibitor as well as a substrate of human glutathione reductase (gr) and trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase (tr). the 2.1-a resolution crystal structure of gr inhibited by (e)-ajoene revealed a mixed disulfide between the active site cys58 and the ch2=ch-ch2-so-ch2-ch=ch-s moiety of ajoene. the modified enzyme has a markedly increased oxidase activity when compared to free gr. gr red ... | 1999 | 9986706 |
| helicobacter pylori infection, garlic intake and precancerous lesions in a chinese population at low risk of gastric cancer. | cangshan county of shandong province has one of the lowest rates of gastric cancer (gc) in china. while intestinal metaplasia (im) and dysplasia (dys) are less common in cangshan than in areas of shandong at high risk of gc, these precursor lesions nevertheless affect about 20% of adults age > or = 55. | 1998 | 10024185 |
| garlic compounds protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced injury. | oxidation of low density lipoprotein (ldl) has been recognized as playing an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. in this study, the effects of aged garlic extract and one of its major compounds, s-allylcysteine, on oxidized ldl-induced cell injury were studied. pulmonary artery endothelial cells were pre-incubated with the garlic extract (1, 2.5 and 5 mg ml-1) or s-allylcysteine (0.1, 1, 10 and 20 mm) at 37 degrees c and 5% co2 for 24 h, washed, and then exposed ... | 1997 | 9306260 |
| inhibitory effects of isopropyl-2-(1,3-dithietane-2-ylidene)-2- [n-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]acetate (yh439) on benzo[a]pyrene-induced skin carcinogenesis and micronucleated reticulocyte formation in mice. | recently, a great deal of attention has been devoted to organosulfur compounds with potential cancer chemopreventive properties. many sulfur-containing substances present in brassica plants have been reported to possess striking anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. besides naturally occurring organosulfur compounds, certain synthetic sulfur-containing pharmaceuticals, such as oltipraz and sulindac, are known to exert substantial chemopreventive or chemoprotective effects. isopropyl-2-( ... | 1999 | 10029692 |
| unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. | unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies are discussed. the use of herbal therapies is on the rise in the united states, but most pharmacists are not adequately prepared educationally to meet patients' requests for information on herbal products. pharmacists must also cope with an environment in which there is relatively little regulation of herbal therapies by fda. many herbs have been identified as unsafe, including borage, calamus, coltsfoot, comfrey, life root, sassafras, chaparral, germ ... | 1999 | 10030529 |
| jamu gendong, a kind of traditional medicine in indonesia: the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct. | an examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of jamu gendong (jg) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine, issued by the department of health of indonesia in 1986. samples of jg and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of surabaya. the samples were subject to the following examinations: total plate count (tpc), mpn coliform, the enumeration of molds and yeasts, the pres ... | 1998 | 10030724 |
| identification of one of the major viruses infecting garlic plants, garlic virus x. | a partial cdna clone for garlic virus x (gvx) was isolated. gvx was identified immunologically with an antibody raised against the recombinant coat protein (cp) and demonstrated to be one of the major viruses infecting garlic plants showing mosaic or streak symptoms. gvx belongs to an unassigned group of shvx and garv-type viruses rather than to carlaviruses or potexviruses. the recombinant cp of gvx was purified by ni(2+)-nta affinity chromatography. anti-gvx cp antibody was raised against the ... | 1997 | 9509408 |
| study of the micro-organisms associated with the fermented bread (khamir) produced from sorghum in gizan region, saudi arabia. | traditional bread (khamir) was made from sorghum flour of two local varieties, bayadh and hamra. the bread was prepared by mixing the sorghum flour with water and spices (onion, garlic, lemon juice and fenugreek) in a 1:0.8 (w/w) ratio and fermented for 24 h at 30 degrees c. two other fermentations were carried out using an inoculum from the previous fermentation. the micro-organisms were isolated from different plates and identified using different characterization systems. both total bacterial ... | 1999 | 10063620 |
| study of the hypolipidemic properties of pectin, garlic and ginseng in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. | experimental hypercholesterolemia and its modulation by some natural dietary supplements (pectin, garlic and ginseng) and by the drug gemfibrozil were studied. experimental hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding rabbits a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet for 28 days. hypercholesterolemic rabbits were classified into five groups. one group did not receive treatments and served as a control hypercholesterolemic group. the other four groups were fed the cholesterol-enriched diet in conjunction wit ... | 1999 | 10072708 |
| [influence of lifestyle on the use of supplements in the brandenburg nutrition and cancer study]. | differences in dietary habits and lifestyle factors associated with a high dietary intake of fruit and vegetables are discussed and used to explain the disparity between results of observational epidemiologic studies consistently showing antioxidative vitamins to exert a protective effect on chronic diseases, and intervention studies so far not confirming this association. within the scope of the "brandenburger ernährungs- und krebsstudie", the east german contribution to the european prospectiv ... | 1998 | 9556866 |
| lactic acid fermentation and storage of blanched garlic. | the controlled fermentation of peeled, blanched garlic, using a starter culture of lactobacillus plantarum, was studied and compared with that of unblanched garlic. blanching was carried out in hot water (90 degrees c) for 15 min. the starter grew abundantly in the case of blanched garlic, producing mainly lactic acid and reaching a ph of 3.8 after 7 days, but its growth was inhibited in unblanched garlic. ethanol and fructose, coming from enzymatic activities of the garlic, and a green pigment ... | 1998 | 9580446 |
| mechanisms of the preventive properties of some garlic components in the carbon tetrachloride-promoted oxidative stress. diallyl sulfide; diallyl disulfide; allyl mercaptan and allyl methyl sulfide. | previous studies evidenced that garlic extracts and/or garlic components were able to prevent against chemically induced tumors or acute toxic effects of chemicals (e.g. ccl4 induced liver injury). the chemopreventive potential of garlic has been attributed to the presence in it of several bioactive organosulfur compounds. those components might act as antioxidants able to scavenge free radicals. in the present work we describe initial studies on the antioxidative-stress properties of some garli ... | 1998 | 10100508 |
| characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a thai low-salt fermented fish product and the role of garlic as substrate for fermentation. | lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from raw materials (fish, rice, garlic and banana leaves) and processed som-fak (a thai low-salt fermented fish product) were characterized by api 50-ch and other phenotypic criteria. lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and leuconostoc citreum were specifically associated with fish fillet and minced fish, lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei with boiled rice and weisella confusa with garlic mix and banana leaves. in addition, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobac ... | 1999 | 10100902 |
| lipid biosynthesis pathways as chemotherapeutic targets in kinetoplastid parasites. | inhibitors of sterol and phospholipid biosynthesis in kinetoplastid parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, and different species of leishmania have potent and selective activity as chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. recent work with the sterol c14 alpha-demethylase inhibitor d0870, a bis triazole derivative, showed that this compound is capable of inducing radical parasitological cure in murine models of both acute and chronic chagas' disease. oth ... | 1997 | 9309771 |
| effects of the garlic compounds diallyl sulphide and diallyl disulphide on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity in klebsiella pneumoniae. | arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activities with 2-aminofluorene (2-af) were determined in the bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae. cytosols or suspensions of k. pneumoniae with or without specific concentrations of diallyl sulphide (das) or diallyl disulphide (dads) as co-treatment showed different percentages of 2-af acetylation. the data indicated that there was decreased nat activity associated with increased levels of das or dads in k. pneumoniae. in growth studies on k. pneumoniae it was de ... | 1999 | 10215179 |
| cancer prevention by organosulfur compounds from garlic and onion. | environmental compounds are known to be involved in both the generation and prevention of many human cancers. it is important to discover naturally occurring or synthetic compounds which can block the process of carcinogenesis. we have focused attention on several organosulfur compounds (oscs) in garlic and onion, and analyzed their potential for chemoprevention in the post-initiation stage in a liver medium-term bioassay (ito test) and a multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay. in the ito test, rat ... | 1997 | 9591199 |
| initial study on naturally occurring products from traditional chinese herbs and vegetables for chemoprevention. | a number of naturally occurring products from vegetables and herbs exert chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis. in this paper, two such compounds, isolated from garlic and from a traditional chinese medicinal herb, are described for review. elemene, isolated from the chinese medicinal herb rhizoma zedoariae, was shown to exhibit antitumor activity in human and murine tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. this novel antineoplastic agent has substantial clinical activity against various tu ... | 1997 | 9591200 |
| an organosulfur compound isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract, and its antimicrobial effect. | an organosulfur compound was isolated from oil-macerated garlic extract by silica gel column chromatography and preparative tlc. from the results of nmr, ir, and ms analyses, its structure was determined as e-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,7-diene-9-oxide (iso-e-10-devinylajoene, iso-e-10-da). this compound was different from e-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,6-diene-9-oxide (e-10-devinylajoene, e-10-da) only in the position of a double bond. iso-e-10-da had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, such ... | 1999 | 10227149 |
| effects of oil-soluble organosulfur compounds from garlic on doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation. | clinical efficacy of doxorubicin is compromised due to free radical generation leading to cardiac toxicity. oil-soluble organosulfur compounds, diallyl sulfide (das), diallyl disulfide (dads), dipropyl sulfide (dps) and dipropyl disulfide (dpds), present in garlic were examined for their antiperoxidant effects. dads inhibited liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by nadph, ascorbate and doxorubicin. das, dps and dpds were ineffective inhibitors of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. dads ... | 1998 | 9625441 |
| modulatory potential of smokeless tobacco on the garlic, mace or black mustard-altered hepatic detoxication system enzymes, sulfhydryl content and lipid peroxidation in murine system. | the present study evaluates the potential of smokeless tobacco to modify the chemopreventive efficacy of minor dietary constituents, including garlic, mace or black mustard, via modulating the competing pathways of hepatic detoxication system and antioxidant defense mechanism in murine system. garlic (100 mg/kg b.w. per day) by gavage and mace (1% w/w) or black mustard (1% w/w) in diet induced a significant increase in the levels of glutathione-s-transferase (gst), acid-soluble sulfhydryl (-sh), ... | 1997 | 9310267 |
| mechanism of action of dietary chemoprotective agents in rat liver: induction of phase i and ii drug metabolizing enzymes and aflatoxin b1 metabolism. | a range of potential chemoprotective agents, most of them natural dietary constituents, has been examined for ability to modulate both phase i (cytochrome p450 1a1, 1a2, 2b1/2, 2c11, 2e1, 3a, 4a) and phase ii drug metabolizing enzymes (glutathione s-transferases, in particular subunits yc2 and p, aflatoxin b1-aldehyde reductase and quinone reductase) in rat liver. in addition to assays of total enzyme activity and western blots for individual isozymes, the ability of microsomes to metabolize afl ... | 1997 | 9328168 |
| garlic or jalapeño peppers for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | there have been a number of reports that natural foods such as garlic, honey, and capsaicin can inhibit helicobacter pylori in vitro and each report has suggested the natural ingredient be used for treatment of the infection. we investigated whether garlic or capsaicin-containing peppers would actually inhibit h. pylori in vivo. | 1999 | 10235193 |
| allixin, a phytoalexin produced by garlic, and its analogues as novel exogenous substances with neurotrophic activity. | effects of allixin, a phytoalexin of garlic, and its analogues were studied on the survival and morphology of primary cultured neurons from fetal rat brain. addition of allixin (1-100 ng/ml) to medium significantly promoted the survival of neurons derived from various regions of brain and increased the number of branching points per axon in hippocampal neurons. allixin, however, was cytotoxic at higher concentrations (>1 microg/ml). among the analogues of allixin, 2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4h-pyran ... | 1997 | 9335231 |
| sequence similarity between xylose isomerase and replicase: another tim-barrel in the replicase structure? | the blast search using the strand beta 2 (46_gahgvtfhdddlip) of the (alpha/beta)8-barrel of xylose isomerase from streptomyces olivochromogenes resulted in retrieving the sequentially similar segment of replicase from garlic latent virus (692_gghgigfhrdd). the detailed analysis of the entire amino acid sequences of both xylose isomerase and replicase suggested that the polypeptide segment 644-1046 of replicase (the entire length of this enzyme is 1924 residues) could share the structure of xylos ... | 1997 | 9352374 |
| familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis: clinical findings in a large japanese family and genetic linkage to 2q. | paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (pdc) is a rare familial movement disorder that has been mapped to chromosome 2q31-36. | 1999 | 10369313 |
| aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress. | oxidation of low density lipoprotein (ldl) has been recognized as playing an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. we recently reported that aged garlic extract (age) inhibited ldl oxidation and minimized oxidized ldl-induced cell injury. in this study, the antioxidant effects of age were further examined using bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (paec) and murine macrophages. lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) release, as an index of membrane injury, and intracellu ... | 1999 | 10374252 |
| protective effects of diallyl sulfide on n-nitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. | diallyl sulfide (das), a flavor component of garlic that has been used as a food additive, exerts chemopreventive effects at several organ sites in rodents after administration of chemical carcinogens possibly by inhibiting carcinogen activation via cytochrome p450-mediated oxidative metabolism. in this study, we investigated the protective effect of das on the n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma)-induced immunosuppression of humoral and cellular responses in balb/c mice and the possible mechanisms inv ... | 1998 | 10381132 |
| neurotrophic activity of organosulfur compounds having a thioallyl group on cultured rat hippocampal neurons. | several organosulfur compounds found in garlic extract promoted the survival of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. from the analysis of structure-activity relationship, thioallyl group in these compounds is essential for the manifestation of neurotrophic activity. s-allyl-l-cysteine (sac), one of the organosulfur compounds having thioallyl group in garlic extract, also promoted the axonal branching of cultured neurons. these results suggest that thioallyl compounds make a unique group of neurotro ... | 1997 | 9357009 |
| antibacterial effect of garlic and omeprazole on helicobacter pylori. | the antibacterial effect of a home-made raw garlic extract and commercial garlic tablets alone and in combination with antibiotics or omeprazole was determined against clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori. mic values of raw garlic extract and three types of commercial garlic tablets ranged from 10,000 to 17,500 mg/l. when mic values of the commercial tablets were based on the allicin content, no differences between the three types were observed. the combination of garlic and omeprazole, stud ... | 1999 | 10404325 |
| treatment with aged garlic extract protects against bromobenzene toxicity to precision cut rat liver slices. | precision-cut liver slices from phenobarbital-induced rats were incubated for 6 h with the model hepatotoxin bromobenzene (bb) at a final concentration of 1 mm. severe toxicity was indicated by a decreased k+, adenosine triphosphate and glutathione (gsh) content of the slices, increased release of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase into the medium, and increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances. pretreatment of animals for 7 days with aged garlic extract (age) ... | 1999 | 10433384 |
| in vitro effect of garlic powder extract on lipid content in normal and atherosclerotic human aortic cells. | in the present study, the mechanism of the in vitro effect of garlic powder extract (gpe) on lipid content of cultured human aortic cells was investigated. the addition of gpe abolished atherogenic blood serum-induced accumulation of free cholesterol, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters in smooth muscle cells derived from uninvolved (normal) intima. in cells isolated from atherosclerotic plaque, gpe lowered these lipids. gpe inhibited lipid synthesis both in normal and atherosclerotic cells. i ... | 1997 | 9358431 |
| comparison of methods for recovery of ascaris suum larvae from tissues of mice. | experiments were undertaken to compare procedures for isolating ascaris suum from mice. a standardised intragastric procedure for inoculation of a. suum eggs, which had a very low interdose variation (s.d. = 6.2% of mean inoculation dose), was developed. there was no significant difference in the number of larvae recovered from the large intestine 4 h post inoculation (p.i.) by using either baermannisation of washed intestinal wall or submucosal scrapings. in contrast, a significantly higher rec ... | 1997 | 9421715 |
| in vitro inhibition of the growth of helicobacter pylori by oil-macerated garlic constituents. | | 1999 | 10438335 |
| inhibition of carcinogen induced activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by certain dietary constituents in mouse skin. | cancer chemoprevention, a desirable and important facet of biomedical research, provides a practical approach to identify potentially useful inhibitors of cancer development, and offers an opportunity to study the mechanism of carcinogenesis. during the recent past a number of compounds have been tested for their anticarcinogenic potential specially constituents of our diet. the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) which catalyses the transfer of glutamyl groups of peptides to other peptid ... | 1999 | 10442224 |
| selenium research in serbia, yugoslavia. | data on selenium (se) deficiency in serbia are presented following 10 years of research. we studied the se content in ores, stream sediment, soil, cereal crops, and garlic grown in these soils, food, and human serum and hair from 55 communities. most of the results indicated a serious se deficiency. in some communities, the se content of grain, garlic, and human serum and hair approached that of the low-se belt in china. we assume that an extremely low se level in the human population could be a ... | 1998 | 9726786 |
| effects of the garlic components diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity in human colon tumour cells. | diallyl sulfide (das) and diallyl disulfide (dads), major components of garlic, were used to determine inhibition of arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity in a human colon tumour (adenocarcinoma) cell line. two assay systems were performed, one with cellular cytosols (9000g supernatant), the other with intact bacterial cell suspensions. the nat activity in a human colon tumour cell line was inhibited by das and dads in a dose-dependent manner in both system: that is, the greater the conce ... | 1998 | 9737423 |
| low doses of diallyl disulfide, a compound derived from garlic, increase tissue activities of quinone reductase and glutathione transferase in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. | diallyl disulfide (dads), a substance that is formed from the organosulfur compounds present in garlic, is known to increase tissue activities of the phase ii detoxification enzymes quinone reductase (qr) and glutathione transferase (gt) in animals. in previous experiments, however, high doses of dads were employed and only a limited range of tissues were examined. in the present studies, increased activities of qr and gt were recorded in the forestomach, glandular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, il ... | 1999 | 10453440 |
| identification and characterization of two bacteriocin-producing bacteria isolated from garlic and ginger root. | two bacteriocin-producing bacterial strains were isolated from garlic and ginger root by the agar overlay method. the bacteria were identified by 16s rrna sequence analyses and fermentation patterns as leuconostoc mesenteroides (garlic isolate) and lactococcus lactis (ginger isolate). the bacteriocins were assigned the names leucocin bc2 and lactocin gi3, respectively. physiochemical properties and antimicrobial spectra of the bacteriocins were determined by the spot-on-lawn method. both bacteri ... | 1999 | 10456744 |
| antimicrobial activity of spices. | spices have been shown to possess medicinal value, in particular, antimicrobial activity. this study compares the sensitivity of some human pathogenic bacteria and yeasts to various spice extracts and commonly employed chemotherapeutic substances. of the different spices tested only garlic and clove were found to possess antimicrobial activity. the bactericidal effect of garlic extract was apparent within 1 h of incubation and 93% killing of staphylococcus epidermidis and salmonella typhi was ac ... | 1999 | 10461845 |
| [two new steroidal saponins from allium sativum and their inhibitory effects on blood coagulability]. | six compunds were isolated from the fresh bulbs of allium sativum l (garlic). their structures were elucidated as proto-iso-eruboside-b (i), eruboside-b (ii), iso-eruboside-b (iii), sativioside c (iv), adenosine (v) and tryptophan (vi). i and iii are new steroidal saponins. this paper deals with the structural determination of i and iii and their effects on platelet aggregation, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in vitro. | 1996 | 9772707 |
| inhibitory effect of seven allium plants upon three aspergillus species. | antifungal activity and minimal fungicidal concentration (mfc) of extracts of garlic, bakeri garlic, chinese leek, chinese chive, scallion, onion bulb and shallot bulb against aspergillus niger, a. flavus and a. fumigatus were examined. these allium plants possessed antifungal activity, with garlic showing the lowest mfc. with the exception of scallion, the inhibitory effect of allium plants against three aspergillus species decreased with increasing incubation and heating temperature (p < 0.05) ... | 1999 | 10477070 |
| herbal 'health' products: what family physicians need to know. | patients who self-medicate with herbs for preventive and therapeutic purposes may assume that these products are safe because they are "natural," but some products cause adverse effects or have the potential to interact with prescription medications. the united states lacks a regulatory system for herbal products. although only limited research on herbs has been published, st john's wort shows promise as a treatment for depression. ginkgo biloba extract is possibly effective for cerebrovascular ... | 1998 | 9787279 |
| alliinase [s-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxide lyase] from allium tuberosum (chinese chive)--purification, localization, cdna cloning and heterologous functional expression. | alliinase [s-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxide lyase], a pyridoxal-phosphate-(pxy-p)-dependent enzyme, is responsible for the degradative conversion of s-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxide to volatile odorous sulfur-containing metabolites in allium plants. we have purified alliinase from shoots of allium tuberosum (chinese chive) to apparent homogeneity by sds/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a cdna clone encoding alliinase was isolated from a cdna library constructed from whole plants of a. tuberos ... | 1998 | 9799098 |
| new antifungal and cytotoxic steroidal saponins from the bulbs of an elephant garlic mutant. | saponins in bulbs of a mutant of elephant garlic were investigated, and three new steroidal saponins named yayoisaponins a-c were obtained together with the known dioscin and aginoside. their structures, including the relative stereochemistry, were elucidated by spectral data interpretation, while the absolute stereochemistry of the sugar moieties was assigned on the basis of a chiral gas chromatographic analysis of the acid hydrolysates. yayoisaponins a-c and aginoside exhibited not only in vit ... | 1998 | 9836426 |
| antioxidant role of oils isolated from garlic (allium sativum linn) and onion (allium cepa linn) on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation. | nicotine, a major component of tobacco, is partly responsible for the development of atherosclerosis. it has been suggested that antioxidant nutrients are protective against degenerative diseases. so we have studied the antioxidant effect of oils isolated from onion and garlic on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation in rat tissues. the lipid peroxidation products and scavenging enzymes were assessed in liver, lungs, heart and kidney. the rats were treated with 0.6 mg nicotine/kg bw and simultaneo ... | 1999 | 10509436 |
| combined effects of ethanol and garlic on hepatic ethanol metabolism in mice. | the combined effects of ethanol and components in fresh garlic on ethanol metabolism were investigated in the livers of mice. male, 11-wk-old c3h/hencrj mice were intragastrically administered 2 g ethanol/kg body weight after being administered fresh garlic juice for 8 d (garlic group), and changes in the concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in the serum, and changes in the activity of hepatic enzymes related to ethanol metabolism in mice were examined. the increases in the concen ... | 1999 | 10524347 |
| complete nucleotide sequences of garlic viruses a and c, members of the newly ratified genus allexivirus. | complete genomic sequences of garlic viruses a (gar v-a) and c (gar v-c), members of an unassigned virus group recently identified in garlic plants, were determined. their respective genomes consist of 8 660 and 8 405 nucleotides. the genomic structure and organization of these viruses are similar to shallot virus x (shvx) which is the type species of the newly ratified genus allexivirus. phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the putative proteins including rna-dependent rna ... | 1999 | 10542028 |
| alternative medicine: what the data say about common herbal therapies. | an increasing number of americans are turning to complementary and alternative medicine to help manage or prevent the onset of chronic disease, improve cognitive function, boost overall general well-being, and increase longevity. some of the more widely-used herbal preparations designed to help accomplish these objectives include st. john's wort, ginkgo biloba, echinacea, garlic, and ginger. in general, the clinical trial data on these preparations is in the embryonic stages, whereas the popular ... | 1999 | 10542859 |
| antimicrobial screening of some indian spices. | in india, spices have been traditionally used since ancient times, for the preservation of food products as they have been reported to have antiseptic and disinfectant properties. in this respect, a preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities of 35 different indian spices has been carried out. of the spices surveyed, the results indicate that clove, cinnamon, bishop's weed, chilli, horse raddish, cumin, tamarind, black cumin, pomegranate seeds, nutmeg, garlic, onion, tejpat, celery, cambo ... | 1999 | 10548758 |
| determination of epsilon-n-pyrrolylnorleucine in fresh food products. | epsilon-n-pyrrolylnorleucine was determined in different fresh food products to study its presence as a normal component of food proteins. twenty-two different products were screened: cod, cuttlefish, salmon, sardine, trout, beef, chicken, pork, broad bean, broccoli, chickpea, garlic, green pea, lentil, mushroom, soybean, spinach, sunflower, almond, hazelnut, peanut, and walnut. foods were homogenized, their proteins were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and hydrolyzed with 2 n naoh for 20 ... | 1999 | 10552475 |
| [the preventing function of garlic on experimental oral precancer and its effect on natural killer cells, t-lymphocytes and interleukin-2]. | in order to study the effect and mechanism of garlic on preventing oral precancer, we divided randomly 32 wistar rats into two groups. the garlic group was painted with garlic solution on the hard palatal mucosae. the control group was applied with distilled water that is equal in quantity. then, chemical carinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4nqo) was painted on the same sites for both groups, three times weekly. eight rats were randomly killed in the 10th, 13th week. the hard palatal mucosae wer ... | 1997 | 9868126 |
| inhibition of carcinogen-induced activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by certain dietary constituents in mouse skin. | cancer chemoprevention, a desirable and important facet of biomedical research, provides a practical approach to identify potentially useful inhibitors of cancer development, and offers an opportunity to study the mechanism of carcinogenesis. during the recent past a number of compounds have been tested for their anticarcinogenic potential specially constituents of human diet. the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt), which catalyses the transfer of glutamyl groups of peptides to other pep ... | 1999 | 10560536 |
| allicin-induced decrease in formation of fatty streaks (atherosclerosis) in mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet. | garlic (allium sativum) has been considered to exhibit therapeutic features for many years. the effects of garlic on levels of serum lipids and on atherosclerosis have been investigated extensively. we have previously demonstrated that allicin, an active component of garlic, exerts a beneficial effect on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rabbits. | 1999 | 10562920 |
| protective effects of garlic juice against embryotoxicity of methylmercuric chloride administered to pregnant fischer 344 rats. | in order to investigate the beneficial effects of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg korean garlic juice against the embryotoxicity of 20 mg/kg methylmercury chloride (mmc, ch3hgcl), pregnant fisher 344 rats were simultaneously orally administered on day 7 of gestation. on day 20 of gestation the dams were laparotomized under ether anesthesia, and the fetuses were removed and examined for toxicity of methylmercury. garlic juice depressed the toxicity in terms of some parameters. in the case of simultaneous treatme ... | 1999 | 10565261 |
| an outbreak of food poisoning associated with restaurant-made mayonnaise in abha, saudi arabia. | in may 1996, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among customers who bought dinner from a restaurant that specialised in fried chicken in abha city, south-west saudi arabia. the median incubation period was 10 hours (range: 3 to 27 hours). of the 10 food items served, only mayonnaise (rr 2.52; 95% ci 1.71-3.73) and minced garlic (rr 1.20; 95% ci 1.02-1.41) were associated with cases. salmonella enterica was isolated from 124 (84%) of the 159 persons with symptoms of food poisoning, and 91 (7 ... | 1998 | 9919018 |
| allyl-containing sulfides in garlic increase uncoupling protein content in brown adipose tissue, and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion in rats. | the effects of garlic supplementation on triglyceride metabolism were investigated by measurements of the degree of thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (ibat), and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion in rats fed two types of dietary fat. in experiment 1, rats were given isoenergetic high-fat diets containing either shortening or lard with or without garlic powder supplementation (8 g/kg of diet). after 28 d feeding, body weight, plasma triglyceride levels and the weights of pe ... | 1999 | 10024610 |
| effects of garlic on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | the inhibitory effect of garlic (allium sativum linn) on 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis was investigated in male syrian hamsters. measurement of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) was used to monitor the chemopreventive potential of garlic. all hamsters painted on their buccal pouches with dmba alone for 14 weeks developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. diminis ... | 1999 | 10571664 |
| attempted chemoprophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in chickens, using diclazuril, toltrazuril, or garlic extract. | three battery tests were conducted to study the anticryptosporidial efficacy of the 2 commercially available anticoccidial triazinone derivates, diclazuril and toltrazuril, and a garlic extract. at the recommended level, diclazuril reduced the oocyst output of birds by 14.6%. the efficacy of toltrazuril was 52.1% at the recommended level, which could be moderately increased using 5 or 10 times the recommended dose. however, these doses resulted in significant weight gain reduction. the efficacy ... | 1999 | 10577746 |
| management of acute otitis media in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance. | development of resistance to available antimicrobial agents has been identified in every decade since the introduction of the sulfonamides in the 1930s. current concerns for management of acute otitis media (aom) are multi-drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in the usa, amoxicillin remains the drug for choice for aom. increasing the current dose to 80 mg/kg/day in two doses provides increased concentrations of dru ... | 1999 | 10577768 |
| intraocular pressure lowering by s-allylmercaptocysteine in rabbits. | the purpose of this study was to examine the actions of a garlic-derived compound, s-allylmercaptocysteine (samc) on intraocular pressure (iop) and to determine the possible involvement of sulfhydryl reactivity, sympathetic neuronal activity and atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) in the iop response. topical, unilateral application of samc (20, 100, 200 microg) elicited dose-dependent decreases in iop. the magnitude of the iop-lowering effect induced by samc was between four to six mmhg. the ocula ... | 1999 | 10048343 |
| growing alliums and brassicas in selenium-enriched soils increases their anticarcinogenic potentials. | the concentrating of essential minerals, vitamins, and bioactive phytochemicals into human foodstuffs is of vital importance in our rapidly expanding world. selenium is an essential micronutrient which is currently receiving much publicity for its anticarcinogenic potentials. unfortunately, this mineral is deficient in most soils worldwide, and as a result most geographical food chains contain highly inadequate amounts of selenium. scientific evidence in now available which shows that common veg ... | 1999 | 10580529 |
| antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. | allicin, one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates, has a variety of antimicrobial activities. allicin in its pure form was found to exhibit i) antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant enterotoxicogenic strains of escherichia coli; ii) antifungal activity, particularly against candida albicans; iii) antiparasitic activity, including some major human intestinal protozoan parasites such as entamo ... | 1999 | 10594976 |
| comparison of digestion methods for determination of trace and minor metals in plant samples. | in this paper, three dissolution methods using pressure digestion vessels (low-, medium-, and high-pressure vessels) for the determination of metals in plant samples are described. the plackett-burman saturated factorial design was used to identify the significant factors influencing wet ashing and to select optimized dissolution conditions. the three methods were statistically compared (on-way anova) on the same sample; no significant differences were obtained. in all cases the relative standar ... | 1999 | 10606575 |
| heating garlic inhibits its ability to suppress 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced dna adduct formation in rat mammary tissue. | the present studies compared the impact of heating, either by microwave or convection oven, on the ability of garlic to reduce the in vivo bioactivation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) in 55-d-old female sprague-dawley rats. in study 1, rats were fed a semipurified casein-based diet and treated by gastric gavage thrice weekly for 2-wk with crushed garlic (0.7 g in 2 ml corn oil) or the carrier prior to dmba treatment (50 mg/kg body weight). providing crushed garlic reduced by 64% (p < 0 ... | 1999 | 10082770 |
| traditional antihelmintic, antiparasitic and repellent uses of plants in central italy. | the uses of 51 plants of marche, abruzzo and latium, distributed in 28 families, are listed here. memories and news of continued use of the plants in these sectors were collected from farmers and shepherds in person (mostly old people). the plants most frequently used as antiparasitics and repellents are juglans regia, lupinus albus, ruta graveolens, fraxinus ornus, datura stramonium, artemisia absinthium, allium cepa, while r. graveolens, cucurbita maxima, a. absinthium, allium sativum are the ... | 1999 | 10624877 |
| effect of different combinations of mgk-264 or piperonyl butoxide with plant-derived molluscicides on snail reproduction. | effect of sublethal treatment (20% and 60% of lc(50)/24 h) of plant-derived molluscicides, viz. polianthes tuberosa, trachyspermum ammi, allium sativum powder; azadirachta indica oil; oleoresin of zingiber officinale; and their active molluscicidal component in combination (1:5) with mgk-264 or piperonyl butoxide on the reproduction of snail lymnaea acuminata have been studied. it was observed that the combination of plant derived molluscicide and their active molluscicidal components, viz. tigo ... | 2000 | 10629280 |
| decrease of hepatic catalase level by treatment with diallyl sulfide and garlic homogenates in rats and mice. | diallyl sulfide (das) is a flavor compound derived from garlic and is active in the inhibition of chemically induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity in animal models. this study was conducted to examine the effects of the treatment of das and garlic homogenates on the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. male sprague-dawley rats were treated with das i.g. at daily doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg for 8 days, causing the hepatic catalase activity to decrease by 55 an ... | 1999 | 10098897 |
| garlic and helicobacter pylori. | | 2000 | 10638609 |
| inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing compounds in scorodocarpus borneensis becc. on the aggregation of rabbit platelets. | the inhibitory effects of three pure compounds isolated from wood garlic, 2,4,5-trithiahexane (i), 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane (ii), and 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane 2,2-dioxide (iii), on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, u46619, adp (adenosine 5'-diphosphate), paf (platelet aggregating factor), and thrombin were studied in vitro. the anti-aggregating activity of 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane 4,4-dioxide (iv) was also measured with collagen and arachidonic acid. i, ii, iii, and ... | 1999 | 10192909 |
| fate of campylobacter jejuni in butter. | an outbreak of campylobacter enteritis was associated with a restaurant in louisiana during the summer of 1995. thirty cases were identified, and four required hospitalization. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from the patients, and epidemiologic studies revealed illness associated with eating garlic butter served at the restaurant. three batches of garlic butter prepared by the restaurant associated with the outbreak and a c. jejuni isolate obtained from a patient involved in the outbreak were ... | 2000 | 10643781 |