| mapping of qtls conferring extremely early heading in rice (oryza sativa l.). | two genes related to extremely early heading were identified in populations derived from crosses between hoshinoyume, a variety adapted to the northernmost limit of rice cultivation (hokkaido), and nipponbare, a variety adapted to the temperate region of japan. the segregations for heading date clearly revealed that a two-gene model determined the extremely early heading in the f(2) and bc(1)f(1) populations under natural field conditions in hokkaido. using molecular markers corresponding to ten ... | 2005 | 15940510 |
| molecular mapping of the fertility restorer gene for ms-cw-type cytoplasmic male sterility of rice. | cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) of rice (oryza sativa l.) was first reported using the cytoplasm of a chinese wild rice, oryza rufipogon griff. strain w1. however, it was not possible to characterize this ms-cw-type cms in more detail until a restorer line had been developed due to the lack of restorer genes among cultivars thus far tested. the breeding of a restorer line (w1-r) was eventually achieved by transferring the restorer gene(s) of w1 to a cultivar. we report here the characterization ... | 2005 | 15947907 |
| phylogenetic relationships among a-genome species of the genus oryza revealed by intron sequences of four nuclear genes. | the a-genome group in oryza consists of eight diploid species and is distributed world-wide. here we reconstructed the phylogeny among the a-genome species based on sequences of nuclear genes and mite (miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements) insertions. thirty-seven accessions representing two cultivated and six wild species from the a-genome group were sampled. introns of four nuclear single-copy genes on different chromosomes were sequenced and analysed by both maximum parsimony (mp) ... | 2005 | 15948847 |
| identification and mapping of yield and yield related qtls from an indian accession of oryza rufipogon. | cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) is endowed with a rich genetic variability. in spite of such a great diversity, the modern rice cultivars have narrow genetic base for most of the agronomically important traits. to sustain the demand of an ever increasing population, new avenues have to be explored to increase the yield of rice. wild progenitor species present potential donor sources for complex traits such as yield and would help to realize the dream of sustained food security. | 2005 | 15949048 |
| phylogenomic analysis of the receptor-like proteins of rice and arabidopsis. | the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) cf-9 resistance gene encodes the first characterized member of the plant receptor-like protein (rlp) family. other rlps such as clavata2 and too many mouths are known to regulate development. the domain structure of rlps consists of extracellular leucine-rich repeats, a transmembrane helix, and a short cytoplasmic region. here, we identify 90 rlps in rice (oryza sativa) and compare them with functionally characterized rlps from different plant species and wit ... | 2005 | 15955925 |
| rice proteomics: a cornerstone for cereal food crop proteomes. | proteomics-a systematic study of proteins present in a cell, tissue, organ, or organism at a particular moment during the life cycle-that began with classical two-dimensional electrophoresis and its advancement during the 1990s, has been revolutionized by a series of tremendous technological developments in mass spectrometry (ms), a core technology. proteomics is exerting its influence on biological function of genes and genomes in the era (21st century) of functional genomics, and for this reas ... | 2006 | 15957154 |
| inhibitory effects of a rice hull constituent on tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin e2, and cyclooxygenase-2 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophages. | isovitexin, isolated from rice hull of oryza sativa, has been characterized as a potent antioxidant. its antioxidant activity, determined on the basis of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the fenton reaction, was comparable with that of alpha-tocopherol, a well-established antioxidant. isovitexin was able to reduce the amount of hydrogen peroxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps) in mouse macrophage raw264.7 cells. in this study, we assessed its effects on the production of tumor ... | 2005 | 15965085 |
| biological and molecular variability of sarocladium oryzae, the sheath rot pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.). | sheath rot disease of rice caused by sarocladium oryzae (sawada) (=acrocylindrium oryzae, sawada) has become an important production constraint in all rice-growing countries. pathogenicity, phytotoxic metabolites, and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to assess the level of genetic variability of s. oryzae derived from rice cultivars, cr1018, ir36, and ir50, of different locations in north east and south india. variability in pathogenicity, phytotoxic metabolite productio ... | 2005 | 15968500 |
| [sequence analysis of bacterial transposon in nhx gene of populus euphratica]. | the united nations environment program estimates that approximately 20% of agricultural land and 50% of cropland in the world is salt-stressed. the gene nhx (na+/h+ exchanger) encodes functional protein that catalyzes the countertransport of na+ and h+ across membranes and may play an important role in plant salt tolerance. to clone the nhx from the wild plant populus euphratica collected in tarim basin and xinjiang wujiaqu district into a t-vector, designed primer was used to amplify 1kb nhx cd ... | 2003 | 15969097 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of oryzacystatin-iii, a novel member of phytocystatin in rice (oryza sativa l. japonica). | on the basis of cdna sequences, we found that the calli of rice encodes an amino acid sequence that shares 56% and 89% identity, respectively, with oryzacystatin-i and oryzacystatin-ii. this sequence differs from that of oryzacystatin-ii in the n-terminal region (gln(7)-ala(19) in the oryzacystatin-iii numbering), and this region contained a glycine residue (gly(14)), which is evolutionarily conserved in the cystatin superfamily. we named this novel protein oryzacystatin-iii. nucleotide sequenci ... | 2005 | 15969500 |
| [application of ac/ds transposon system to genetate marker gene free transgenic plants in rice]. | it is critical to generate marker gene free transgenic plants for retransformating or eliminating the potential harmfulness of marker gene and its product. in this study, ac/ds transposon system was developed for removal of hpt selection marker gene to obtain marker-free transgenic plants in rice ( oryza sativa l.). ds element containing the interesting gene bar was constructed next to the selection marker gene hpt to get ds-t-dna. rice plants were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 ... | 2003 | 15971577 |
| refolding and purification of recombinant osnifu1a domain ii that was expressed by escherichia coli. | osnifu1a is a nifu-like rice (oryza sativa) protein, discovered recently. its amino acid sequence is very homologous to the sequence of cyanobacterial cnfu and to the sequences of nifu c-terminal domains. based on its sequence, osnifu1a is probably a modular structure consisting of two cnfu-like domains, with domain i (formed by residues leu73 to gly153) and domain ii (formed by residues leu154 to ser226). domain i have a conserved cys-x-x-cys motif, which may function as an iron-sulfur cluster ... | 2005 | 15978837 |
| a gibberellin-regulated calcineurin b in rice localizes to the tonoplast and is implicated in vacuole function. | many developmental and environmental signals are transduced through changes in intracellular calcium concentrations, yet only a few calcium-binding proteins have been identified in plants. calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins are calcium-binding proteins that are thought to function as plant signal transduction elements. rna profiling using a rice (oryza sativa cv nipponbare) oligonucleotide microarray was used to monitor gene expression in de-embryonated rice grains. this analysis showed that a pu ... | 2005 | 15980189 |
| interacting proteins and differences in nuclear transport reveal specific functions for the nap1 family proteins in plants. | nucleosome assembly protein 1 (nap1) is conserved from yeast to human and facilitates the in vitro assembly of nucleosomes as a histone chaperone. inconsistent with their proposed function in the nucleus, however, many nap1 proteins had been reported to localize in the cytoplasm. we investigated the subcellular localization of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and rice (oryza sativa) nap1 family proteins first by identification of interacting partners and by direct examination of the localization of g ... | 2005 | 15980199 |
| structure, evolution, and expression of the two invertase gene families of rice. | invertases catalyze the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. plants contain two unrelated families of these enzymes: acid forms that derive from periplasmic invertases of eubacteria and are found in cell wall and vacuole, and neutral/alkaline forms evolved from the cytosolic invertases of cyanobacteria. genomes of rice (oryza sativa) and thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana) contain multiple genes encoding these two families. here for rice we identify the member genes of a ce ... | 2005 | 15983871 |
| distribution of fertility-restorer genes for wild-abortive and honglian cms lines of rice in the aa genome species of genus oryza. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereal plants in the world. wild-abortive (wa) and honglian (hl) cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) have been used extensively in the production of hybrid seeds. although a variable number of fertility-restorer genes (rf) for wa and hl-cms have been identified in various cultivars, information on rf in oryza species with the aa-genome is sparse. therefore the distribution and heredity of rf for wa and hl-cms in wild rice species of oryza with the aa ... | 2005 | 15987696 |
| evolutionary conservation of minor u12-type spliceosome between plants and humans. | splicing of rare, u12-type or at-ac introns is mediated by a distinct spliceosome that assembles from u11, u12, u4atac, u6atac, and u5 snrnps. although in human cells the protein composition of minor and major snrnps is similar, differences, particularly in u11 and u12 snrnps, have been recently described. we have identified an arabidopsis u11 snrnp-specific 35k protein as an interacting partner of an rs-domain-containing cyclophilin. by using a transient expression system in arabidopsis protopl ... | 2005 | 15987817 |
| mechanistic information from analysis of molecular weight distributions of starch. | a methodology is developed for interpreting the molecular weight distributions of debranched amylopectin, based on techniques developed for quantitatively and qualitatively finding mechanistic information from the molecular weight distributions of synthetic polymers. if the only events occurring are random chain growth and stoppage (i.e., the rates are independent of degree of polymerization over the range in question), then the number of chains of degree of polymerization n, p(n), is linear in ... | 2005 | 16004469 |
| munich information center for protein sequences plant genome resources: a framework for integrative and comparative analyses 1(w). | with several plant genomes sequenced, the power of comparative genome analysis can now be applied. however, genome-scale cross-species analyses are limited by the effort for data integration. to develop an integrated cross-species plant genome resource, we maintain comprehensive databases for model plant genomes, including arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), maize (zea mays), medicago truncatula, and rice (oryza sativa). integration of data and resources is emphasized, both in house as well as w ... | 2005 | 16010004 |
| [eco-toxicological effects of selenium and its critical value on oryza sativa]. | in a pot experiment with brown-yellow soil, this paper studied the effects of different concentration selenium on the growth and activated oxygen- scavenging system of oryza sativa. the results showed that low concentration se (< 8 mg x kg(-1)) had a promoting effect on the wheat biomass, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b, and activated oxygen- scavenging system, while high concentration se (> 16 mg x kg(-1)) was in adverse. soil se concentration had a significant correlation with root biomass, sho ... | 2005 | 16011166 |
| [stress-resistance of weedy rice luolijing (oryza sativa)]. | weedy rice luolijing (oryza sativa) is generated in dandong, liaoning province of northeast china. its plant height is taller than normal planted rice varieties, and its caryopsis is medium or long in size, which dropped easily after matured. the color of the caryopsis shell is straw-like or yellow alternated with black-gray. the spikelet is with or without awns, and the length of the awns is 2-12 cm. the 1000 caryopsis weight is 23.5 g, and the hull is nacarat. the seed germination rate at 13-3 ... | 2005 | 16011174 |
| azospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from the roots of the rice plant oryza sativa. | the taxonomic position of the free-living diazotrophic strain coc8(t) isolated from rice was investigated based on phylogenetic analyses. 16s rrna gene sequence analyses indicated that strain coc8(t) was closely related to the genus azospirillum (96% similarity). chemotaxonomic characteristics (g+c content of the dna 66.8 mol%, q-10 quinone system, 18:1omega7c as the major fatty acid and 14:0 3-oh and 16:0 3-oh as the major hydroxy fatty acids) were also similar to those of the genus azospirillu ... | 2005 | 16014463 |
| identification of 33 rice aquaporin genes and analysis of their expression and function. | plant aquaporins form a large protein family including plasma membrane-type (pips) and tonoplast-type aquaporins (tips), and facilitate osmotic water transport across membranes as a key physiological function. we identified 33 genes for aquaporins in the genome sequence of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). we investigated their expression levels in leaf blades, roots and anthers of rice (cv. akitakomachi) using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). at both early tillering (2 ... | 2005 | 16033806 |
| structure-based in vitro engineering of the anthranilate synthase, a metabolic key enzyme in the plant tryptophan pathway. | rice (oryza sativa) anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit, oasa2, was modified by in vitro mutagenesis based on structural information from bacterial homologs. twenty-four amino acid residues, predicted as putative tryptophan binding sites or their proximal regions in the oasa2 sequence, were selected and 36 mutant oasa2 genes were constructed by pcr-based site-directed mutagenesis. corresponding mutant proteins were synthesized in a combination of two in vitro systems, transcription with a bacter ... | 2005 | 16040654 |
| lip19, a basic region leucine zipper protein, is a fos-like molecular switch in the cold signaling of rice plants. | the rice low-temperature-induced lip19 gene encodes a 148-amino-acid basic region/leucine zipper (bzip) protein, termed lip19. in this study we characterized lip19 and showed that it lacks the usual ability of bzip proteins to homodimerize and to bind dna, as does the fos protein in mammals. using a yeast two-hybrid system, the cdna clones whose products interact with lip19 were screened. this search revealed a clone termed osobf1 (oryza sativa obf1) that encodes a new bzip protein (osobf1). thi ... | 2005 | 16051676 |
| sequence, annotation, and analysis of synteny between rice chromosome 3 and diverged grass species. | rice (oryza sativa l.) chromosome 3 is evolutionarily conserved across the cultivated cereals and shares large blocks of synteny with maize and sorghum, which diverged from rice more than 50 million years ago. to begin to completely understand this chromosome, we sequenced, finished, and annotated 36.1 mb ( approximately 97%) from o. sativa subsp. japonica cv nipponbare. annotation features of the chromosome include 5915 genes, of which 913 are related to transposable elements. a putative functi ... | 2005 | 16109971 |
| interaction of arsenic with zinc and organics in a rice (oryza sativa l.)--cultivated field in india. | a laboratory experiment on an inceptisol with ph 7.6, organic carbon 6.8 g kg(-1), and 0.5 m nahco3 extractable arsenic 0.4 mg kg(-1) was conducted to study the interaction effect of graded levels of arsenic (0, 5, and 10 mg kg(-1)) with zinc (0, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1)) and organics (0, 1, and 2% on soil weight basis) separately on the mobilization of arsenic in soils. the results show that the amount of 0.5 m nahco3 extractable arsenic at ph 8.5 increased with the progress of submergence up to 35 ... | 2005 | 16113941 |
| higher plant reca-like protein is homologous to rada. | a novel reca-like protein, differing from dmc1 and rad51, was characterized in oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare. because the protein is homologous to bacterial rada, the gene was designated osrada. the open reading frame was predicted to encode a 66kda protein of 619 amino acid residues and was found in plants but not animals or yeast. osrada showed d-loop and single-stranded dna-dependent atpase activities. gene expression was found to be high in meristematic tissues, and was localized in the nuc ... | 2006 | 16140596 |
| pathogen-induced production of the antifungal afp protein from aspergillus giganteus confers resistance to the blast fungus magnaporthe grisea in transgenic rice. | rice blast, caused by magnaporthe grisea, is the most important fungal disease of cultivated rice worldwide. we have developed a strategy for creating disease resistance to m. grisea whereby pathogen-induced expression of the afp (antifungal protein) gene from aspergillus giganteus occurs in transgenic rice plants. here, we evaluated the activity of the promoters from three maize pathogenesis-related (pr) genes, zmpr4, mpi, and prms, in transgenic rice. chimeric gene fusions were prepared betwee ... | 2005 | 16167766 |
| two new sine elements, p-sine2 and p-sine3, from rice. | p-sine1 was the first plant sine element identified in the waxy gene in oryza sativa, and since then a large number of p-sine1-family members have been identified from rice species with the aa or non-aa genome. in this paper, we report two new rice sine elements, designated p-sine2 and p-sine3, which form distinct families from that of p-sine1. each of the two new elements is significantly homologous to p-sine1 in their 5'-end regions with that of the polymerase iii promoter (a box and b box), b ... | 2005 | 16172529 |
| biochemical character of the purified osraa1, a novel rice protein with gtp-binding activity, and its expression pattern in oryza sativa. | osraa1, as previously reported, is a novel conserved protein in plants and plays an important role in rice root development. overexpression of osraa1 results in reduced growth of primary roots and an increased number of adventitious roots. the biochemical functions and expression patterns of osraa1, however, remain poorly understood. to obtain purified osraa1 for biochemical analysis, the coding region was amplified by rt-pcr and expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase in es ... | 2005 | 16173467 |
| production and characterization of a complete set of individual chromosome additions from oryza officinalis to oryza sativa using rflp and gish analyses. | monosomic alien addition lines (maals) are valuable materials for comparative analyses of two distinct genomes, for elucidating introgression mechanisms, and for dissecting genes controlling complex traits. in the study reported here, maals of rice containing the complete genome of oryza sativa and individual chromosomes of oryza officinalis were produced. interspecific hybridizations were made between o. sativa l. ssp. japonica (cv, hejiang 19, 2 n = 24, aa) and o. officinalis (acc. hy018, 2 n ... | 2005 | 16177899 |
| isolation of a calmodulin-binding transcription factor from rice (oryza sativa l.). | calmodulin (cam) regulates diverse cellular functions by modulating the activities of a variety of enzymes and proteins. however, direct modulation of transcription factors by cam has been poorly understood. in this study, we isolated a putative transcription factor by screening a rice cdna expression library by using cam:horse-radish peroxidase as a probe. this factor, which we have designated oscbt (oryza sativa cam-binding transcription factor), has structural features similar to arabidopsis ... | 2005 | 16192280 |
| high-resolution mapping of the barley leaf rust resistance gene rph5 using barley expressed sequence tags (ests) and synteny with rice. | the rapidly growing expressed sequence tag (est) resources of species representing the poacea family and availability of comprehensive sequence information for the rice (oryza sativa) genome create an excellent opportunity for comparative genome analysis. extensive synteny between rice chromosome 1 and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) chromosome 3 has proven extremely useful for saturation mapping of chromosomal regions containing target genes of large-genome barley with conserved orthologous genes f ... | 2005 | 16195886 |
| cloning and characterization of a rice cdna encoding glutamate decarboxylase. | in this study, we have isolated a rice (oryza sativa l.) glutamate decarboxylase (ricgad) clone from a root cdna library, using a partial arabidopsis thaliana gad gene as a probe. the rice root cdna library was constructed with mrna, which had been derived from the roots of rice seedlings subjected to phosphorus deprivation. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the ricgad clone was 1,712 bp long, and harbors a complete open reading frame of 505 amino acids. the 505 amino acid sequence ded ... | 2005 | 16202241 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding two novel heat-shock factor oshsf6 and oshsf12 in oryza sativa l. | as a crucial transcription factor family, heat-shock factors were mainly analyzed and characterized in tomato and arabidopsis. in this study, we isolated two putative heatshock factors oshsf6 and oshsf12 that interact specifically with heat-shock element (hse) from oryza sativa l by yeast one-hybrid method. the full-length cdna of oshsf6 and oshsf12 have 1074bp and 920bp open reading frame (orf), respectively. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that oshsf6 was a class a heat s ... | 2005 | 16202242 |
| [riboswitches]. | riboswitches are rna structures able to bind small molecules and regulate gene expression at both, transcriptional and translational level. they are present in a wide variety of bacterial species. in bacillus subtilis more than 2% of the genome is regulated by riboswitches. metabolite binding is highly specific and can be provided in cooperative manner. several riboswitches has been identified and characterized to be specific for flavin mononucleotide, thiamine, thiamine pyrophosphate, adenosylc ... | 2005 | 16209348 |
| the oryza map alignment project: the golden path to unlocking the genetic potential of wild rice species. | the wild species of the genus oryza offer enormous potential to make a significant impact on agricultural productivity of the cultivated rice species oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima. to unlock the genetic potential of wild rice we have initiated a project entitled the 'oryza map alignment project' (omap) with the ultimate goal of constructing and aligning bac/stc based physical maps of 11 wild and one cultivated rice species to the international rice genome sequencing project's finished refere ... | 2005 | 16217601 |
| chromosomal regions with quantitative trait loci controlling cadmium concentration in brown rice (oryza sativa). | a novel mapping population consisting of 39 chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) was used to locate the putative quantitative trait loci (qtls) for cadmium (cd) concentration in brown rice (oryza sativa). the mapping population carried a single chromosome segment of 'kasalath' (indica) in each line overlapping with neighbouring segments in a 'koshihikari' (japonica) genetic background. the parents and cssls were grown in pots filled with cd-polluted soil until grain filling. the brown r ... | 2005 | 16219074 |
| loci controlling partial resistance to rice blast do not show marked qtl x environment interaction when plant nitrogen status alters disease severity. | plant disease susceptibility is often increased by nitrogen (n) application. therefore, it is important to know if resistance loci are effective in different plant n environments. one-hundred lines of the bala x azucena rice (oryza sativa) mapping population were grown in two n treatments and tested for partial resistance to blast (magnaporthe grisea) isolate cd100. disease severity (ds), the number and size of lesions and plant n and c concentrations were measured and the results subject to qua ... | 2005 | 16219084 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel splicing isoform of the iron-superoxide dismutase gene in rice (oryza sativa l.). | superoxide dismutases (sods) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes in aerobic organisms that play a crucial role in protecting organisms against ros. here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel alternatively spliced variant of the iron-superoxide dismutase gene, osfe-sodb, from a rice panicle cdna library. the alternative splicing event occurred in the fourth exon of the osfe-sod gene, and led to the translation of two isoforms of different sizes. the 5' flanking reg ... | 2006 | 16220344 |
| maintaining a conserved methylation in plant and insect u2 snrna through compensatory mutation by nucleotide insertion. | the extensive post-transcriptional modification of u2 snrna is required for spliceosome assembly and pre-mrna splicing in vertebrates. however, the rare modification of u2 snrna in yeast implies a different mechanism for regulating spliceosome biogenesis in single-celled eukaryotes. to understand the evolutionary pattern of u2 snrna methylation, we determined for the first time, the 2'-o-methylations of u2 snrna in oryza sativa, arabidopsis thaliana and drosophila melanogaster, and revealed two ... | 2005 | 16223710 |
| high-resolution mapping, cloning and molecular characterization of the pi-k ( h ) gene of rice, which confers resistance to magnaporthe grisea. | in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the gene-for-gene type of pathogen resistance, high-resolution genetic and physical mapping of resistance loci is required to facilitate map-based cloning of resistance genes. here, we report the molecular mapping and cloning of a dominant gene (pi-k ( h )) present in the rice line tetep, which is associated with resistance to rice blast disease caused by magnaporthe grisea. this gene is effective against m. grisea populations prevalent ... | 2005 | 16228246 |
| osgap1 functions as a positive regulator of osrab11-mediated tgn to pm or vacuole trafficking. | the ypt/rab family of small g-proteins is important in regulating vesicular transport. rabs hydrolyze gtp very slowly on their own and require gtpase-activating proteins (gaps). here we report the identification and characterization of osgap1, a rab-specific rice gap. osgap1 strongly stimulated osrab8a and osrab11, which are homologs of the mammalian rab8 and rab11 proteins that are essential for golgi to plasma membrane (pm) and trans-golgi network (tgn) to pm trafficking, respectively. substit ... | 2005 | 16230331 |
| [ssr markers linked with early stability in rice]. | one hundred and thirty hybrids derived from the crosses between nine rice strains stabilized in early generation and seven cultivars (oryza sativa l.). in their f2 populations, 32 uniform strains of different agronomic traits were observed. in the same combination of these uniform strains,there were strains segregating in the mendelian manner. ssr markers analysis showed that f2 and f3 populations of the uniform strains and their f1 plants displayed the same markers indicating all the uniform st ... | 2005 | 16231739 |
| plasmid-associated genes in the model micro-symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 affect the growth and development of young rice seedlings. | sinorhizobium meliloti strain 1021 and its closely related strain rm2011 inhibit rice seedling (oryza sativa l. cv. pelde) growth and development under certain rice-growing conditions. experiments showed that inoculation of seedlings with approximately less than 10 cells of 1021 was sufficient to cause this inhibition. by using a series of plasmid-cured and plasmid-deleted derivatives of rm2011, it was found that interactions between genes encoded on psyma, and possibly psymb, of rm2011, affecte ... | 2005 | 16232297 |
| formate dehydrogenase in rice plant: growth stimulation effect of formate in rice plant. | nad-dependent formate dehydrogenase (fdh, ec 1.2.1.2.) plays a key role in the final step of the catabolism of methanol in methylotrophs. in certain plant species, this enzyme is a mitochondrial and nad-dependent enzyme. in this study, the complete cdna sequence of the rice (oryza sativa cv hinohikari) fdh gene, which contains an open reading frame (orf) of 1128 bp, was determined. the sequence corresponds to a protein of 376 amino acids and shows strong homology to the nad-dependent fdhs from o ... | 2000 | 16232736 |
| the 5'-untranslated region of the tobacco alcohol dehydrogenase gene functions as an effective translational enhancer in plant. | the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ntadh) was previously isolated from tobacco by2 suspension cultured cell. expression of this gene was dramatically increased only during the early stationary phase, and the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) was hypothesized to be involved in the stimulatory effect at the post-transcriptional level. in this paper, we investigated whether the ntadh 5'-utr possesses the ability to positively enhance gene expression at the translational level. for easily estimating tran ... | 2004 | 16233658 |
| effects of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and on the growth of host plants. | the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria (fhl) was assayed for antifungal activities against rosellinia necatrix, helicobasidium mompa, fusarium oxysporum, pythium graminicola and pyricularia oryzae. fhl completely inhibited the growth of r. necatrix, h. mompa, p. graminicola and p. oryzae, and reduced the growth of f. oxysporum by 35%. when the seeds of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), asparagus officinalis l. (asparagus), brassica campestris l. (komatsuna), oryza sativa l. (rice) ... | 2004 | 16233688 |
| enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea conferred by expression of a cecropin a gene in transgenic rice. | cecropins are a family of antimicrobial peptides, which constitute an important key component of the immune response in insects. here, we demonstrate that transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants expressing the cecropin a gene from the giant silk moth hyalophora cecropia show enhanced resistance to magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of the rice blast disease. two plant codon-optimized synthetic cecropin a genes, which were designed either to retain the cecropin a peptide in the endoplasmic ret ... | 2006 | 16240149 |
| plant-derived transfer dnas. | the transfer of dna from agrobacterium to plant cell nuclei is initiated by a cleavage reaction within the 25-bp right border of ti plasmids. in an effort to develop all-native dna transformation vectors, 50 putative right border alternatives were identified in both plant expressed sequence tags and genomic dna. efficacy tests in a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) model system demonstrated that 14 of these elements displayed at least 50% of the activity of conventional agrobacterium transfer dna bord ... | 2005 | 16244143 |
| improvement of human lysozyme expression in transgenic rice grain by combining wheat (triticum aestivum) puroindoline b and rice (oryza sativa) gt1 promoters and signal peptides. | heterologous protein expression levels in transgenic plants are of critical importance in the production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmps). we studied a puroindoline b promoter and signal peptide (tapur) driving human lysozyme expression in rice endosperm. the results demonstrated that human lysozyme expressed under the control of the tapur cassette is seed-specific, readily extractable, active, and properly processed. immuno-electron microscopy indicated that lysozyme expressed from this cas ... | 2005 | 16245149 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing human cyp1a1 remediate the triazine herbicides atrazine and simazine. | the human cytochrome p450 cyp1a1 gene was introduced into rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare). one-month-old cyp1a1 plants grown in soil clearly showed a healthy growth and tolerance to 8.8 microm atrazine and 50 microm simazine, but nontransgenic plants were completely killed by the herbicides. although transgenic and nontransgenic plants metabolized the two herbicides into the same sets of compounds, cyp1a1 plants metabolized atrazine and simazine more rapidly than did control plants. in ... | 2005 | 16248553 |
| molecular cloning, functional expression and subcellular localization of two putative vacuolar voltage-gated chloride channels in rice (oryza sativa l.). | we isolated two cdna clones (osclc-1 and osclc-2) homologous to tobacco clc-nt1, which encodes a voltage-gated chloride channel, from rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica, cv. nipponbare). the deduced amino acid sequences were highly conserved (87.9% identity with each other). southern blot analysis of the rice genomic dna revealed that osclc-1 and osclc-2 were single-copy genes on chromosomes 4 and 2, respectively. osclc-1 was expressed in most tissues, whereas osclc-2 was expressed only in the ... | 2006 | 16249326 |
| [effects of rice-duck farming system on oryza sativa growth and its yield]. | the study showed that under rice-duck farming, the number of rice non-productive tiller reduced significantly, the ratio of its effective panicles increased by 8.08 %, and its basal penetration light rate enhanced by 4.05%. at full-heading and maturing stages, the green leaf ratio under rice-duck farming was 6.01% and 10.65% higher than the control, and the leaf chlorophyll content was increased by 2.90% and 17.82%, respectively. under rice-duck farming, the root vigour at full-heading stage and ... | 2005 | 16252861 |
| cloning and biochemical properties of cdpk gene oscdpk14 from rice. | a rice cdpk gene, oscdpk14 (ay144497), was cloned from developing caryopses of rice (oryza sativa cv. zhonghua 15). its cdna sequence (1922 bp) contains an orf encoding a 514 amino acids protein (56.7kd, pl 5.18). oscdpk14 shows the typical structural features of the cdpk family, including a conserved catalytic ser/thr kinase domain, an autoinhibitory domain and a cam-like domain with four putative ca2+-binding ef hands. subcellular targeting indicated that oscdpk14 was located in the cytoplasm, ... | 2005 | 16255173 |
| oszip4, a novel zinc-regulated zinc transporter in rice. | zinc (zn) is an essential element for the normal growth of plants but information is scarce on the mechanisms whereby zn is transported in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. four distinct genes, oszip4, oszip5, oszip6, and oszip7 that exhibit sequence similarity to the rice ferrous ion transporter, osirt1, were isolated. microarray and northern blot analysis revealed that oszip4 was highly expressed under conditions of zn deficiency in roots and shoots. real-time-pcr revealed that the oszip4 transcr ... | 2005 | 16263903 |
| large-scale systematic study on stability of the ds element and timing of transposition in rice. | activator/dissociation (ac/ds) transposon mutagenesis is a widely used tool for gene identification; however, several reports on silencing of the ac/ds element in starter lines and in stable transposants question the applicability of such an approach in later generations. we have performed a systematic analysis on various aspects of the silencing phenomenon in rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare). high somatic and germinal transposition frequencies observed in earlier generations wer ... | 2006 | 16275658 |
| phytoremediation of metolachlor by transgenic rice plants expressing human cyp2b6. | we introduced the human cytochrome p450 gene cyp2b6 into rice plants (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare), and the cyp2b6-expressing rice plants became more tolerant to various herbicides than nontransgenic nipponbare rice plants. in particular, cyp2b6 rice plants grown in soil showed tolerance to the chloroacetanilide herbicides alachlor and metolachlor. we evaluated the degradation of metolachlor by cyp2b6 rice plants to confirm the metabolic activity of the introduced cyp2b6. although both cyp2b6 ... | 2005 | 16277416 |
| a synopsis of the occurrence and pathogenicity of phytophthora species in mainland china. | to date, 26 species of phytophthora have been reported in mainland china but only 23 are accepted as good taxa. phytophthora nicotianae (p. parasitica) is the single most important species causing over 40 different plant diseases; p. boehmeriae is widespread attacking gossypium, boehmeria, citrus, broussonetia papyrifera and pterocarya stenoptera; p. "fragariae var. oryzo-bladis" is unique to mainland china causing blight of oryza sativa seedlings; p. megasperma sensu lato has been isolated from ... | 1997 | 16283113 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of two nadp-malic enzymes of rice (oryza sativa l.) in escherichia coli. | nadp-malic enzymes (nadp-me) are isozymes in plants. to clarify the diversity and function of nadp-me isozymes in rice, we produced two active gst-fused nadp-me proteins, nadp-me2 and nadp-me3 in escherichia coli, and the fusion proteins were purified by affinity chromatography using a glutathione-sepharose 4b column. after enzymatic cleavage of the gst tag, final yields were 1.4 mg/g wet cell weight (wcw) for nadp-me2 and 3.5 mg/g wcw for nadp-me3, respectively, and the molecular weights of nad ... | 2006 | 16290176 |
| efficient insertional mutagenesis in rice using the maize en/spm elements. | we have developed a novel system for insertional mutagenesis in rice (oryza sativa) based on the maize (zea mays) enhancer/suppressor mutator (en/spm) element. in this system, a single t-dna construct with spm-transposase and the non-autonomous defective suppressor mutator (dspm) element is used in conjunction with green fluorescent protein (gfp) and discosoma sp. red fluorescence protein (dsred) fluorescent markers to select unlinked stable transpositions of dspm. using this system, we could de ... | 2005 | 16297077 |
| production of bioactive human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures. | human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hg-csf), a human cytokine, was expressed in transgenic rice cell suspension culture. the hg-csf gene was cloned into the rice expression vector containing the promoter, signal peptide, and terminator derived from a rice alpha-amylase gene amy3d. using particle bombardment-mediated transformation, hg-csf gene was introduced into the calli of rice (oryza sativa) cultivar dong-jin. expression of the hg-csf gene was confirmed by elisa and northern blot an ... | 2006 | 16298143 |
| the rice dwarf virus p2 protein interacts with ent-kaurene oxidases in vivo, leading to reduced biosynthesis of gibberellins and rice dwarf symptoms. | the mechanisms of viral diseases are a major focus of biology. despite intensive investigations, how a plant virus interacts with host factors to cause diseases remains poorly understood. the rice dwarf virus (rdv), a member of the genus phytoreovirus, causes dwarfed growth phenotypes in infected rice (oryza sativa) plants. the outer capsid protein p2 is essential during rdv infection of insects and thus influences transmission of rdv by the insect vector. however, its role during rdv infection ... | 2005 | 16299167 |
| genome-wide identification and molecular characterization of ole_e_i, allerg_1 and allerg_2 domain-containing pollen-allergen-like genes in oryza sativa. | pollen allergens play important roles in plant development in addition to their allergenic nature for human. more than 10 groups of pollen allergens have been reported. among them, pollen_ole_e_i (ole), pollen_allerg_1 (allerg1) and pollen_allerg_2 (allerg2) domain-containing proteins are the majority of allergens. we have identified 114 pollen-allergen-like genes in rice genome by bioinformatics using public databases. among them, 45 genes encode ole domain-containing proteins, 62 with allerg1 ... | 2005 | 16303748 |
| development of simple and efficient in planta transformation method for rice (oryza sativa l.) using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | seeds of rice (oryza sativa l. var. koshihikari) were soaked in water for 2 d. thereafter, the embryo containing an apical meristem was inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens by piercing a site of the husk overlying the embryonic apical meristem with a needle that had been dipped in an a. tumefaciens inoculum. the inoculated seeds were then grown to maturation (t0 plants) and allowed to pollinate naturally to set seeds (t1 plants) in pots under nonsterile conditions. to examine the transforma ... | 2005 | 16310727 |
| low frequency of transgene flow from bt/cpti rice to its non-transgenic counterparts planted at close spacing. | crop-to-crop transgene flow will affect seed purity of non-gm rice varieties, leading to unwanted consequences. to assess the maximum probability of transgene outflow in rice (oryza sativa), gene flow experiments were conducted with three cultivation patterns with different mixed-planting proportions of adjacent gm and non-gm rice at two sites in fujian and hainan provinces of china. three gm rice lines containing two insect-resistance genes (bt/cpti) and their non-gm counterparts were used in t ... | 2005 | 16313639 |
| analysis of substrate specificity of pig cyp2b22 and cyp2c49 towards herbicides by transgenic rice plants. | we introduced two novel types of pig (sus scrofa) cytochrome p450, cyp2b22 and cyp2c49, into rice plants (oryza sativa l. cv. 'nipponbare') to produce herbicide-tolerant plants and to confirm the metabolic activities of the cytochrome p450 species. in germination tests, both types of transgenic plants showed tolerance to various herbicides with different modes of action. cyp2b22 rice plants showed tolerance towards 12 herbicides including chlortoluron (100 microm), amiprofos-methyl (2.5 microm), ... | 2005 | 16315095 |
| identification of a mitochondrial atp synthase small subunit gene (rmtatp6) expressed in response to salts and osmotic stresses in rice (oryza sativa l.). | large areas of northern china have alkaline soil due to the accumulation of sodium carbonates (nahco3, na2co3). to understand better how plants can tolerate alkaline soil, a cdna library was prepared from rice (oryza sativa l.) roots grown in the presence of nahco3 stress. a cdna clone isolated from this library was identified by a homology search as a mitochondrial atp synthase 6 kda subunit gene (rmtatp6; genbank accession nos ab055076, bab21526). in transformed yeast and tobacco protoplasts, ... | 2006 | 16317034 |
| construction of introgression lines carrying wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) segments in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) background and characterization of introgressed segments associated with yield-related traits. | introgression lines (ils) are useful tools for precise mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtls) and the evaluation of gene action or interaction in theoretical studies. a set of 159 ils carrying variant introgressed segments from chinese common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.), collected from dongxiang county, jiangxi province, in the background of indica cultivar (oryza sativa l.), guichao 2, was developed using 126 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (ssr) loci. the 159 ils represented 67.5 ... | 2006 | 16331476 |
| the serine/arginine-rich protein family in rice plays important roles in constitutive and alternative splicing of pre-mrna. | ser/arg-rich (sr) proteins play important roles in the constitutive and alternative splicing of pre-mrna. we isolated 20 rice (oryza sativa) genes encoding sr proteins, of which six contain plant-specific characteristics. to determine whether sr proteins modulate splicing efficiency and alternative splicing of pre-mrna in rice, we used transient assays in rice protoplasts by cotransformation of sr protein genes with the rice waxy(b) (wx(b))-beta-glucuronidase fusion gene. the results showed that ... | 2006 | 16339852 |
| comparing time course profiles of immediate acetylene reduction by grasses and legumes. | the time course profiles of c(2)h(2) reduction by intact scirpus olneyi (bulrush), oryza sativa (rice) and spartina alterniflora (cordgrass) with roots in atmospheres of n(2) and 30-day-old glycine max (soybean) in air were all immediately linear. this is the first report of immediately linear rates of c(2)h(2) reduction by grass roots removed from soil. the immediately linear profile of c(2)h(2) reduction by soil-free grass roots was achieved by preventing contact between the roots and air. roo ... | 1981 | 16345684 |
| evaluation of pseudomonas fluorescens for suppression of sheath rot disease and for enhancement of grain yields in rice (oryza sativa l.). | pseudomonas fluorescens strains antagonistic to sarocladium oryzae, the sheath rot (sh-r) pathogen of rice (oryza sativa l.), were evaluated in greenhouse and field tests for suppression of sh-r severity and enhancement of grain yields of rice. imprints of rice seedlings and a direct-observation technique of staining roots with fluorochromes confirmed the association of p. fluorescens with roots and the ability of the strain to move along shoot tips. in greenhouse tests, p. fluorescens-treated r ... | 1987 | 16347428 |
| cloning and expression of a novel cdna encoding a mannose-specific jacalin-related lectin from oryza sativa. | lectin plays an important role in defense signaling in plants. a few genes of this family have been cloned. here we report on a mannose-specific jacalin-related lectin in rice. using sequence information of wheat gene ver2, which we had previously cloned, we were able to amplify a cdna of osjac1 from oryza sativa by rt-pcr. the cdna of osjac1 was 1172 bp and contained a 921-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding dirigent (amino acids 26-139) and jacalin (amino acids 175-305) domains of 306 amino a ... | 2006 | 16359716 |
| overexpression of ran1 in rice and arabidopsis alters primordial meristem, mitotic progress, and sensitivity to auxin. | ran is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic gtpase. we previously identified a cdna of taran1, a novel ran gtpase homologous gene in wheat (triticum aestivum) and demonstrated that taran1 is associated with regulation of genome integrity and cell division in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) systems. however, much less is known about the function of ran in plant development. to analyze the possible biological roles of ran gtpase, we overexpressed taran1 in transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis th ... | 2006 | 16361516 |
| identification of a glyphosate-resistant mutant of rice 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase using a directed evolution strategy. | 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (epsps) is a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway and is targeted by the wide-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. here, we describe the use of a selection system based on directed evolution to select glyphosate-resistant mutants of epsps. using this system, the rice (oryza sativa) epsps gene, mutagenized by error-prone polymerase chain reaction, was introduced into an epsps-deficient escherichia coli strain, ab2829, and transformants were selected on minimal ... | 2006 | 16361526 |
| [establishment of promoter trapping system mediated by activator/dissociation (beta-glucuronidase) construction in rice]. | the coding region of bar gene, the left border of ds element, the coding region of gus gene, the transposase of ac element, the right border of ds element and the promoter of ubi gene were inserted into the t-dna region of vector pcambia1300 in turn to construct plasmid p13b. the orientations of the ubiquitons' promoter, ac transposase and bar are identical but opposite to that of the gus gene (fig.1). the plasmid p13b was then introduced into the calli of oryza sativa subsp. japonica cv. zhongh ... | 2005 | 16361783 |
| proteomics of rac gtpase signaling reveals its predominant role in elicitor-induced defense response of cultured rice cells. | we have previously shown that a human small gtpase rac homolog, osrac1, from rice (oryza sativa) induces cascades of defense responses in rice plants and cultured cells. sphingolipid elicitors (ses) have been similarly shown to activate defense responses in rice. therefore, to systematically analyze proteins whose expression levels are altered by osrac1 and/or se treatment, we performed a differential display analysis of proteins by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectro ... | 2006 | 16384895 |
| the rice mitochondrial genomes and their variations. | based on highly redundant and high-quality sequences, we assembled rice (oryza sativa) mitochondrial genomes for two cultivars, 93-11 (an indica variety) and pa64s (an indica-like variety with maternal origin of japonica), which are paternal and maternal strains of an elite superhybrid rice liang-you-pei-jiu (lyp-9), respectively. following up with a previous analysis on rice chloroplast genomes, we divided mitochondrial sequence variations into two basic categories, intravarietal and intersubsp ... | 2006 | 16384910 |
| genealogy of the "green revolution" gene in rice. | during the "green revolution" of rice, high-yielding varieties (hyvs) were developed using a semi-dwarf gene (sd1 or osga20ox2). the presence or absence of the two mutant alleles (dgwg type in dee-geo-woo-gen and jkk type in jikkoku) were surveyed by pcr using 256 accessions of eight wild and two cultivate rice species. the dgwg allele was detected in a landrace (oryza sativa) and two accessions of wild rice (o. rufipogon), all of which are from china, showing their limited distribution. genealo ... | 2005 | 16394586 |
| molecular characterization of mature pollen-specific genes encoding novel small cysteine-rich proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.). | in our previous cdna microarray analysis, we identified 53 mature anther-specific genes, whose function was unknown, in rice. we reanalyzed these genes from the viewpoint of the specific amino acid motif. out of 53 genes, three genes, os-26, os-32, and os-169 (renamed as osscp1, osscp2, and osscp3), encoded cysteine-rich motif (cys-x3-cys-x13-cys-x3-cys), indicating that they were novel small cysteine-rich proteins. from the search of specific elements in promoter regions, several pollen-specifi ... | 2006 | 16397782 |
| rice ascorbate peroxidase gene family encodes functionally diverse isoforms localized in different subcellular compartments. | aerobic organisms evolved a complex antioxidant system, which protect the cells against oxidative damage caused by partially reduced oxygen intermediates, also known as reactive oxygen species. in plants, ascorbate peroxidases (ec, 1.11.1.11) catalyze the conversion of h(2)o(2) to h(2)o, using ascorbate as the specific electron donor in this enzymatic reaction. previously, eight apx genes were identified in the rice (oryza sativa l.) genome through in silico analysis: two cytosolic isoforms, two ... | 2006 | 16397796 |
| elongated uppermost internode encodes a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase that epoxidizes gibberellins in a novel deactivation reaction in rice. | the recessive tall rice (oryza sativa) mutant elongated uppermost internode (eui) is morphologically normal until its final internode elongates drastically at the heading stage. the stage-specific developmental effect of the eui mutation has been used in the breeding of hybrid rice to improve the performance of heading in male sterile cultivars. we found that the eui mutant accumulated exceptionally large amounts of biologically active gibberellins (gas) in the uppermost internode. map-based clo ... | 2006 | 16399803 |
| pair2 is essential for homologous chromosome synapsis in rice meiosis i. | the pair2 gene is required for homologous chromosome synapsis at meiosis i in rice (oryza sativa l.) and encodes a horma-domain protein that is homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae hop1 and arabidopsis asy1. immunocytological and electron microscopic analyses indicate that pair2 proteins associate with axial elements (aes) at leptotene and zygotene, and is removed from the aes of arm regions when homologous chromosomes have been synapsed. immunocytology against a centromeric histone h3 variant ... | 2006 | 16410547 |
| rice plants take up iron as an fe3+-phytosiderophore and as fe2+. | only graminaceous monocots possess the strategy ii iron (fe)-uptake system in which fe is absorbed by roots as an fe3+-phytosiderophore. in spite of being a strategy ii plant, however, rice (oryza sativa) contains the previously identified fe2+ transporter osirt1. in this study, we isolated the osirt2 gene from rice, which is highly homologous to osirt1. real-time pcr analysis revealed that osirt1 and osirt2 are expressed predominantly in roots, and these transporters are induced by low-fe condi ... | 2006 | 16412081 |
| an endornavirus from a hypovirulent strain of the violet root rot fungus, helicobasidium mompa. | we determined the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence (16,614 nt) of a large double-stranded (ds) rna (referred to as l1 dsrna), previously identified as the hypovirulence factor from strain v670 of the violet root rot fungus, helicobasidium mompa. the positive-strand of l1 dsrna contained a long open reading frame (orf) potentially encoding a protein of 5,373 amino acids (molecular mass 603,080 da) with conserved motifs characteristic of rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and helicase. the orf i ... | 2006 | 16417937 |
| a higher plant has three different types of rpa heterotrimeric complex. | replication protein a (rpa) is a protein complex composed of three subunits known as rpa70, rpa32, and rpa14. generally, only one version of each of the three rpa genes is present in animals and yeast (with the exception of the human rpa32 ortholog). in rice (oryza sativa l.), however, two paralogs of rpa70 have been reported. we screened the rice genome for rpa subunit genes, and identified three osrpa70 (osrpa70a, osrpa70b and osrpa70c), three osrpa32 (osrpa32-1, osrpa32-2 and osrpa32-3), and ... | 2006 | 16428324 |
| genome-wide analysis of cyclin family in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the cyclins together with highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinases regulate cell cycle progression in plants. although extensive and systematic study on cell cycle mechanisms and cyclin functions in yeasts and animals has been carried out, only a small number of plant cyclins have been characterized and classified functionally and phylogenetically. we identified several types of cyclin genes in the rice genome and characterized them by phylogenetic, tandem and segmental duplications analyses. o ... | 2006 | 16435118 |
| molecular characterization of four rice genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors and their expressions in response to biotic and abiotic stress. | we isolated and identified four rice genes, osbierf1 to osbierf4 (oryza sativa benzothiadiazole (bth)-induced ethylene responsive transcriptional factors (erf)) and analyzed their expressions in rice disease resistance response and under various abiotic stress conditions. the osbierf1-4 proteins contain conserved erf domains, but are categorized into different classes of the previously characterized erf proteins based on their structural organizations. osbierf3 and osbierf2 belong to classes i a ... | 2006 | 16436304 |
| gold hull and internode2 encodes a primarily multifunctional cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase in rice. | lignin content and composition are two important agronomic traits for the utilization of agricultural residues. rice (oryza sativa) gold hull and internode phenotype is a classical morphological marker trait that has long been applied to breeding and genetics study. in this study, we have cloned the gold hull and internode2 (gh2) gene in rice using a map-based cloning approach. the result shows that the gh2 mutant is a lignin-deficient mutant, and gh2 encodes a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (ca ... | 2006 | 16443696 |
| isolation and identification of natural endophytic rhizobia from rice (oryza sativa l.) through rdna pcr-rflp and sequence analysis. | three novel endophytic rhizobial strains (rre3, rre5, and rre6) were isolated from naturally growing surface sterilized rice roots. these isolates had the ability to nodulate common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of 16s rdna of these isolates revealed that rre3 and rre5 are phylogenetically very close to burkholderia cepacia complex, whereas rre6 has affinity with rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. plant infection t ... | 2006 | 16450073 |
| substitution mapping of dth1.1, a flowering-time quantitative trait locus (qtl) associated with transgressive variation in rice, reveals multiple sub-qtl. | a quantitative trait locus (qtl), dth1.1, was associated with transgressive variation for days to heading in an advanced backcross population derived from the oryza sativa variety jefferson and an accession of the wild rice relative oryza rufipogon. a series of near-isogenic lines (nils) containing different o. rufipogon introgressions across the target region were constructed to dissect dth1.1 using substitution mapping. in contrast to the late-flowering o. rufipogon parent, o. rufipogon allele ... | 2006 | 16452146 |
| cholic acid, a bile acid elicitor of hypersensitive cell death, pathogenesis-related protein synthesis, and phytoalexin accumulation in rice. | when plants interact with certain pathogens, they protect themselves by generating various defense responses. these defense responses are induced by molecules called elicitors. since long ago, composts fermented by animal feces have been used as a fertilizer in plant cultivation, and recently, have been known to provide suppression of plant disease. therefore, we hypothesized that the compounds from animal feces may function as elicitors of plant defense responses. as a result of examination of ... | 2006 | 16461384 |
| diversity of centromeric repeats in two closely related wild rice species, oryza officinalis and oryza rhizomatis. | oryza officinalis (cc, 2n = 24) and oryza rhizomatis (cc, 2n = 24) belong to the oryza genus, which contains more than 20 identified wild rice species. although much has been known about the molecular composition and organization of centromeres in oryza sativa, relatively little is known of its wild relatives. in the present study, we isolated and characterized a 126-bp centromeric satellite (cento-c) from three bacterial artificial chromosomes of o. officinalis. in addition to cento-c, low abun ... | 2006 | 16463049 |
| cyanobacterial chemotaxis to extracts of host and nonhost plants. | chemotaxis may be important when forming cyanobacterial symbioses. however, knowledge of cyanobacterial attraction towards plants and factors affecting chemotaxis is limited. chemo-attraction was observed in nostoc strains 8964:3 and pcc 73102 towards exudate or crushed extract of the natural hosts gunnera manicata, cycas revoluta and blasia pusilla, and the nonhost plants trifolium repens, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. as all tested plant extracts generated chemotaxis, the possibility ... | 2006 | 16466377 |
| the telomerase inhibitor telomestatin induces telomere shortening and cell death in arabidopsis. | the cellular response to telomere dysfunction in plants was investigated with the use of telomestatin, an inhibitor of human telomerase activity. telomestatin bound to plant telomeric repeat sequence, and inhibited telomerase activity in suspension-cultured cells of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice) in a dose-dependent manner. the inhibitor did not affect transcript level of the tert gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase, in the plant cells. inhibition of telomerase ... | 2006 | 16473138 |
| exploring the escrting machinery in eukaryotes. | the profile of protein sorting into multivesicular bodies (mvbs) has risen recently with the identification of three heteromeric complexes known as escrt-i,-ii,-iii (endosomal sorting complex required for transport). genetic analyses in yeast have identified up to 15 soluble class e vps (vacuolar protein sorting) proteins that have been assigned to the escrt machinery and function in cargo recognition and sorting, complex assembly, vesicle formation and dissociation. despite their functional imp ... | 2006 | 16488176 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can alleviate the adverse effects of chlorothalonil on oryza sativa l. | a glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the fungicide chlorothalonil on the growth of upland rice, in the absence or presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus mosseae (nm and gm treatments). the plants were grown with three concentrations of chlorothalonil (0, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) soil). mycorrhizal colonization decreased significantly with increasing chlorothalonil concentrations. plant biomass decreases were smaller in gm plants than in non-mycor ... | 2006 | 16499948 |
| functional characterization of osppt1, which encodes p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis in oryza sativa. | prenylation of the aromatic intermediate p-hydroxybenzoate (phb) is a critical step in ubiquinone (uq) biosynthesis. the enzyme that catalyzes this prenylation reaction is p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase (ppt), which substitutes an aromatic proton at the m-position of phb with a prenyl chain provided by polyprenyl diphosphate synthase. the rice genome contains three ppt candidates that share significant similarity with the yeast ppt (coq2 gene), and the rice gene showing the highest simi ... | 2006 | 16501255 |
| improved expression, purification and crystallization of a putative n-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase from rice (oryza sativa). | n-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (agpr) catalyzes the third step in an eight-step arginine-biosynthetic pathway that starts with glutamate. this enzyme converts n-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl phosphate to n-acetylglutamate-gamma-semialdehyde by an nadph-dependent reductive dephosphorylation. agpr from oryza sativa (osagpr) was expressed in escherichia coli at 291 k as a soluble fusion protein with an upstream thioredoxin-hexahistidine [trx-(his)6] extension. osagpr(ala50-pro366) was purified ... | 2005 | 16511234 |