| isolation and functional characterization of hvdreb1-a gene encoding a dehydration-responsive element binding protein in hordeum vulgare. | a gene encoding hordeum vulgare dehydration-responsive element binding protein 1 (hvdreb1), a member of the a-2 subgroup of the dreb subfamily, was isolated from barley seedlings. a subcellular localization assay revealed accumulation of hvdreb1 protein in the nucleus. as a trans-acting factor, hvdreb1 was able to bind to dre/crt elements and transactivate reporter gene expression in yeast cells. a study of various deletion mutants of hvdreb1 proteins indicated that the transactivation activity ... | 2009 | 19067111 |
| abiotic stresses modulate expression of major intrinsic proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare). | in one of the most important crops, barley (hordeum vulgare l.), gene expression and physiological roles of most major intrinsic proteins (mips) remained to be elucidated. here we studied expression of five tonoplast intrinsic protein isoforms (hvtip1;2, hvtip2;1, hvtip2;2, hvtip2;3 and hvtip4;1), a nod26-like intrinsic protein (hvnip2;1) and a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (hvpip2;1) by using the quantitative real-time rt-pcr. five-day-old seedlings were exposed to abiotic stresses (salt, h ... | 2010 | 21333943 |
| the oxidative stress caused by salinity in two barley cultivars is mitigated by elevated co2. | changes in antioxidant metabolism because of the effect of salinity stress (0, 80, 160 or 240 mm nacl) on protective enzyme activities under ambient (350 micromol mol(-1)) and elevated (700 micromol mol(-1)) co(2) concentrations were investigated in two barley cultivars (hordeum vulgare l., cvs alpha and iranis). electrolyte leakage, peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (sod), ec 1.15.1.1; ascorbate peroxidase (apx), ec 1.11.1.11; catalase (cat), ec 1.11.1.6; dehydro ... | 2009 | 19121097 |
| transformation of isolated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) microspores: ii. timing of pretreatment and temperatures relative to results of bombardment. | based on paper i in this series, our goals in this paper were to determine the relationship between prebombardment pretreatments and temperatures, microspore cell cycle when bombarded, and the frequencies of homozygous and hemizygous transgenic progeny in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). of the 104 fluorescent plants selected when using the gfp fluorescence transgene, 28 were albino and 76 plants were green. thirty-one green plants were confirmed to be transgenic; the others were either transient gr ... | 2009 | 19234566 |
| mechanisms of water transport mediated by pip aquaporins and their regulation via phosphorylation events under salinity stress in barley roots. | water homeostasis is crucial to the growth and survival of plants under water-related stress. plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pips) have been shown to be primary channels mediating water uptake in plant cells. here we report the water transport activity and mechanisms for the regulation of barley (hordeum vulgare) pip aquaporins. hvpip2 but not hvpip1 channels were found to show robust water transport activity when expressed alone in xenopus laevis oocytes. however, the co-expression of hvpi ... | 2011 | 21441236 |
| heterologous expression of surface-active proteins from barley and filamentous fungi in pichia pastoris and characterization of their contribution to beer gushing. | the spontaneous over-foaming of beer upon opening, i.e. beer gushing, is an unwanted phenomenon for the brewing industry. currently, surface-active proteins from filamentous fungi and non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltp1) from barley are discussed as gushing inducers. in our study the class i hydrophobin fchyd3p from fusarium culmorum, the class ii hydrophobin hfb2 from trichoderma reesei, the alkaline foam protein a (afpa) from f. graminearum and nsltp1 from hordeum vulgare cv. marnie ( ... | 2011 | 21450361 |
| bioremediation and detoxification of synthetic wastewater containing triarylmethane dyes by aeromonas hydrophila isolated from industrial effluent. | economical and bio-friendly approaches are needed to remediate dye-contaminated wastewater from various industries. in this study, a novel bacterial strain capable of decolorizing triarylmethane dyes was isolated from a textile wastewater treatment plant in greece. the bacterial isolate was identified as aeromonas hydrophila and was shown to decolorize three triarylmethane dyes tested within 24?h with color removal in the range of 72% to 96%. decolorization efficiency of the bacterium was a func ... | 2011 | 21808740 |
| limited genetic variation within and between russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in the united states. | insect biotypes are populations able to kill or injure crops with resistance genes and complicate pest management programs based on host plant resistance. biotypes occur in russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), a worldwide pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l., that was introduced into mexico in 1980 and then spread into texas by 1986. five d. noxia biotypes were described in the united states and given the number designations 1 th ... | 2009 | 19253666 |
| performance of a dispersion model to estimate methane loss from cattle in pens. | accurate measurements of enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from cattle (bos taurus) are necessary to improve emission coefficients used in national emissions inventories, and to evaluate mitigation strategies. our study was conducted to evaluate a novel approach that allowed near continuous ch(4) measurement from beef cattle confined in pens. the backward lagrangian stochastic (bls) dispersion technique was used in conjunction with global position system (gps) information from individual animals ... | 2009 | 19643744 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel peroxisomal choline monooxygenase in barley. | glycine betaine (gb) is a compatible solute accumulated by many plants under various abiotic stresses. gb is synthesized in two steps, choline ? betaine aldehyde ? gb, where a functional choline-oxidizing enzyme has only been reported in amaranthaceae (a chloroplastic ferredoxin-dependent choline monooxygenase) thus far. here, we have cloned a cdna encoding a choline monooxygenase (cmo) from barley (hordeum vulgare) plants, hvcmo. in barley plants under non-stress condition, gb had accumulated i ... | 2011 | 21769646 |
| developmental pattern of aquaporin expression in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves. | aquaporins are multifunctional membrane channels which belong to the family of major intrinsic proteins (mips) and are best known for their ability to facilitate the movement of water. in the present study, earlier results from microarray experiments were followed up. these experiments had suggested that, in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), aquaporin family members are expressed in distinct patterns during leaf development. real-time pcr and in situ hybridization were used to analyse the level and t ... | 2011 | 21737414 |
| regulation of basal resistance by a powdery mildew-induced cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase in barley. | the receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) constitute a large and diverse group of proteins controlling numerous plant physiological processes, including development, hormone perception and stress responses. the cysteine-rich rlks (crks) represent a prominent subfamily of transmembrane-anchored rlks. we have identified a putative barley (hordeum vulgare) crk gene family member, designated hvcrk1. the mature putative protein comprises 645 amino acids, and includes a putative receptor domain contain ... | 2011 | 21819533 |
| a barley rop gtpase activating protein associates with microtubules and regulates entry of the barley powdery mildew fungus into leaf epidermal cells. | little is known about the function of host factors involved in disease susceptibility. the barley (hordeum vulgare) rop (rho of plants) g-protein racb is required for full susceptibility of the leaf epidermis to invasion by the biotrophic fungus blumeria graminis f. sp hordei. stable transgenic knockdown of racb reduced the ability of barley to accommodate haustoria of b. graminis in intact epidermal leaf cells and to form hairs on the root epidermis, suggesting that racb is a common element of ... | 2011 | 21685259 |
| enzymatic dissolution of calcium and struvite crystals: in vitro evaluation of biochemical requirements. | to evaluate the factors that affect the enzymatic dissolution rate of calcium oxalate monohydrate (com), calcium phosphate (brushite), and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) crystals as enzymatic digestion of kidney stones could enhance lithotripsy or provide alternatives to surgical removal. | 2011 | 21741690 |
| molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene rph14 in hordeum vulgare. | an incompletely dominant gene conferring resistance to puccinia hordei, rph14, identified previously in an accession of hordeum vulgare, confers resistance to all known pathotypes of p. hordei in australia. knowledge of the chromosomal location of rph14 and the identification of dna markers closely linked to it will facilitate combining it with other important leaf rust resistance genes to achieve long lasting resistance. the inheritance of rph14 was confirmed using 146 and 106 f(3) lines derive ... | 2009 | 19711052 |
| conversion of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in barley-derived fuel ethanol co-products with yeast expressing trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferases. | abstract: | 2011 | 21888629 |
| the rice transcription factor idef1 directly binds to iron and other divalent metals for sensing cellular iron status. | iron is essential for most living organisms and its availability often determines survival and proliferation. the oryza sativa (rice) transcription factor idef1 plays a crucial role in regulating iron deficiency-induced genes involved in iron homeostasis. in the present report, we found characteristic histidine-asparagine repeat and proline-rich regions in idef1 and its homolog in hordeum vulgare (barley), hvidef1. an immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography assay revealed that idef1 and hv ... | 2012 | 21880076 |
| intron-mediated enhancement as a method for increasing transgene expression levels in barley. | it is desirable to produce transgenic plants which have optimized and stable levels of transgene expression. low levels of transgene expression may lead to an insufficient quantity of transgenic protein being produced for a particular purpose. this report demonstrates a means of enhancing transgene expression in barley beyond that conferred by the ubi1 promoter, via the inclusion of an intron at a specific position within the transgene coding sequence. we independently cloned two different intro ... | 2009 | 19781005 |
| characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from field-grown barley, oat, and wheat. | diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of field-grown triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, and avena sativa grown in various regions of greece. one isolate, with the highest nitrogen-fixation ability from each of the eleven rhizospheres, was selected for further characterisation. diazotrophic strains were assessed for plant-growth-promoting traits such as indoleacetic acid production and phosphate solubilisation. the phylogenies of 16s rrna gene of the selected isolates were com ... | 2011 | 21887633 |
| denitrification by plant roots? new aspects of plant plasma membrane-bound nitrate reductase. | a specific form of plasma membrane-bound nitrate reductase in plants is restricted to roots. two peptides originated from plasma membrane integral proteins isolated from hordeum vulgare have been assigned as homologues to the subunit narh of respiratory nitrate reductase of escherichia coli. corresponding sequences have been detected for predicted proteins of populus trichocarpa with high degree of identities for the subunits narh (75%) and narg (65%), however, with less accordance for the subun ... | 2011 | 22160216 |
| characterization of chloroplast dna microsatellites from saccharum spp and related species. | microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs), and their flanking regions in chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of some species of the family poaceae were analyzed in silico to look for dna sequence variations. comparison of the complete chloroplast dna sequences (cpdnas) of sugarcane (saccharum hybrid cv. sp-80-3280 and s. officinarum cv. nco310) and related species, agrostis stolonifera, brachypodium distachyon, hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare, lolium perenne, oryza nivara, o. sativa sub ... | 2011 | 21948764 |
| zymoseptoria gen. nov.: a new genus to accommodate septoria-like species occurring on graminicolous hosts. | the mycosphaerella complex is both poly- and paraphyletic, containing several different families and genera. the genus mycosphaerella is restricted to species with ramularia anamorphs, while septoria is restricted to taxa that cluster with the type species of septoria, s. cytisi, being closely related to cercospora in the mycosphaerellaceae. species that occur on graminicolous hosts represent an as yet undescribed genus, for which the name zymoseptoria is proposed. based on the 28s nrdna phyloge ... | 2011 | 22025804 |
| n-acyl-homoserine lactone confers resistance toward biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens via altered activation of atmpk6. | pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria rely on quorum sensing to coordinate the collective behavior during the interactions with their eukaryotic hosts. many gram-negative bacteria use n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) as signals in such communication. here we show that plants have evolved means to perceive ahls and that the length of acyl moiety and the functional group at the γ position specify the plant's response. root treatment with the n-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oxo-c14-hsl) re ... | 2011 | 21940998 |
| characterization of a novel glycinebetaine/proline transporter gene expressed in the mestome sheath and lateral root cap cells in barley. | the accumulation of glycinebetaine (gb) is one of the adaptive strategies to adverse salt stress conditions. although it has been demonstrated that barley plants accumulate gb in response to salt stress and various studies focused on gb synthesis were performed, its transport mechanism is still unclear. in this study, we identified a novel gene, hvprot2, encoding hordeum vulgare gb/proline transporter from barley plants. heterologous expression in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant demonstr ... | 2010 | 20376676 |
| phenolic compounds in different barley varieties: identification by tandem mass spectrometry (qstar) and nmr; quantification by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (q-trap). | barley (hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal that has many applications; as a human food, in malt products and as livestock feed. the content of soluble health-promoting fibers, beta-glucans, varies substantially among barley varieties. in the present study, the content of secondary metabolites with potential positive health effects in different high- and low-beta-glucan barley varieties was studied. five different flavanols were isolated and identified: (2r,3s)-catechin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyran ... | 2010 | 20420318 |
| alterations of nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase quantity and lipid composition in etiolated barley seedlings infected by barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv). | summary to understand the phenomenon by which infection of seed-transmitted barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) alters membrane structures and inhibits protochlorophyllide biosynthesis of dark-grown barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants, we analysed the presence of nadph:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (por, ec 1.3.1.33) and the galactolipid content and fatty acid composition. the amount of por in etioplasts of infected leaves, compared with non-infected leaves, was reduced, as measured by immunoe ... | 2006 | 20507467 |
| methods for the preparation of chlorophyllide a: an intermediate of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. | chlorophyllide a is a metabolite late in the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. isolation procedures for chlorophyllide a from rhodobacter capsulatus cb1200 and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) are described and compared. r. capsulatus cb1200 is a double mutant in the bacteriochlorophyllide a biosynthetic pathway, and chlorophyllide a is excreted by the cells when grown in tween 80-containing liquid medium. it was purified by liquid or solid phase extraction, yielding 7 mg of chlo ... | 2011 | 21925479 |
| a novel barley yellow stripe 1-like transporter (hvysl2) localized to the root endodermis transports metal-phytosiderophore complexes. | recent advances in our understanding of how graminaceous plants take up insoluble forms of iron from the rhizosphere and mobilize them in plant tissues are primarily based on the identification of various transporters that are specific to metal-phytosiderophore (ps) complexes containing mugineic acid and deoxymugineic acid. barley (hordeum vulgare l.) yellow stripe 1 (hvys1) is a metal-ps transporter that preferentially transports fe(iii)-ps compared with other metal complexes. here, we report t ... | 2011 | 21937676 |
| a third-generation esterase inoculant alters fermentation pattern and improves aerobic stability of barley silage and the efficiency of weight gain of growing feedlot cattle. | this study investigated the effects of a mixed bacterial inoculant possessing ferulic acid esterase (fae) activity on silage fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and growth performance of growing feedlot steers. whole-crop barley (hordeum vulgare, l.) forage (35% dm) was chopped and ensiled without a silage inoculant (un) or with a mixed bacterial culture containing 1.0 × 10((11)) cfu g(-1) of lactobacillus buchneri ln4017 that produces fae, 2.0 × 10((10)) cfu g(-1) of lactobacillus p ... | 2011 | 22147468 |
| enhancing transgenic pea (pisum sativum l.) resistance against fungal diseases through stacking of two antifungal genes (chitinase and glucanase). | one way of enhancing and broadening resistance of plants to different biotic and abiotic stresses is to combine transgenes expressing several genes into a single line. this can be done using different strategies such as crossing, single vector with multiple genes, co-transformation, sequential transformation and ires elements. in the present study conventional crossing method was used. parental transgenic lines transformed via agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated gene transformation with pgreenii ... | 2011 | 21971070 |
| brome mosaic virus, good for an rna virologist's basic needs. | abstract taxonomic relationship: type member of the bromovirus genus, family bromoviridae. a member of the alphavirus-like supergroup of positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. physical properties: virions are nonenveloped icosahedrals made up of 180 coat protein subunits (fig. 1). the particles are 26 nm in diameter and contain 22% nucleic acid and 78% protein. the bmv genome is composed of three positive-sense, capped rnas: rna1 (3.2 kb), rna2 (2.9 kb), rna3 (2.1 kb) (fig. 2). viral protei ... | 2000 | 20572956 |
| a synteny map and disease resistance gene comparison between barley and the model monocot brachypodium distachyon. | grass species have coevolved with current economically important crop pathogens over millions of years. during this time, speciation of current domestic crops has occurred, resulting in related yet divergent genomes. here, we present a synteny map between the crop species hordeum vulgare and the recently sequenced brachypodium distachyon genome, focusing on regions known to harbor important barley disease resistance genes. the resistance genes have orthologous genes in brachypodium that show con ... | 2010 | 20616871 |
| Senescence-associated barley NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC) transcription factor interacts with radical-induced cell death 1 through a disordered regulatory domain. | Senescence in plants involves massive nutrient relocation and age-related cell death. Characterization of the molecular components, such as transcription factors (TFs), involved in these processes is required to understand senescence. We found that HvNAC005 and HvNAC013 of the plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC) TF family are up-regulated during senescence in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Both HvNAC005 and HvNAC013 bound the conserved NAC DNA target sequence. Computational and biophysical analyse ... | 2011 | 21856750 |
| antidepressant-like effects of young green barley leaf (hordeum vulgare l.) in the mouse forced swimming test. | young green barley leaf is one of the richest sources of antioxidants and has been widely consumed for health management in japan. in this study, we examined whether oral administration of young green barley leaf has an antidepressant effect on the forced swimming test in mice. | 2012 | 22224057 |
| allele mining in barley genetic resources reveals genes of race-non-specific powdery mildew resistance. | race-non-specific, or quantitative, pathogen resistance is of high importance to plant breeders due to its expected durability. however, it is usually controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (qtl) and therefore difficult to handle in practice. knowing the genes that underlie race-non-specific resistance (nr) would allow its exploitation in a more targeted manner. here, we performed an association-genetic study in a customized worldwide collection of spring barley accessions for candidate ... | 2011 | 22629270 |
| phytase improves apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in piglets fed diets with adequate or reduced phosphorus content. | the effect of a thermotolerant 6-phytase produced by trichoderma reesei on performance and apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p and ca was evaluated in 192 weaned piglets (randomized block design; 16 replicates; 2 piglets each). diets based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa), soybean (glycine max) meal, and whey protein with adequate [positive control (pc)] or reduced [negative control (nc)] ca and p levels were fed for 46 d after weaning. the pc ... | 2012 | 23365327 |
| cloning of a conserved receptor-like protein kinase gene and its use as a functional marker for homoeologous group-2 chromosomes of the triticeae species. | receptor-like kinases (rlks) play broad biological roles in plants. we report on a conserved receptor-like protein kinase (rpk) gene from wheat and other triticeae species. the tarpk1 was isolated from the triticum aestivum cv. prins - triticum timopheevii introgression line igvi-465 carrying the powdery mildew resistance gene pm6. the tarpk1 was mapped to homoeologous chromosomes 2a (tarpk1-2a), 2d (tarpk1-2d) and the pm6-carrier chromosome 2g (tarpk1-2g) of igvi-465. under the tested condition ... | 2012 | 23272050 |
| intracellular expression of a host-selective toxin, toxa, in diverse plants phenocopies silencing of a toxa-interacting protein, toxabp1. | *toxa, a host-selective toxin of wheat, can be detected within toxa-sensitive mesophyll cells, where it localizes to chloroplasts and induces necrosis. interaction of toxa with the chloroplast-localized protein toxabp1 has been implicated in this process. therefore, we hypothesized that silencing of toxabp1 in wheat would lead to a necrotic phenotype. also, because toxabp1 is highly conserved in plants, internal expression of toxa in plants that do not normally internalize toxa should result in ... | 2010 | 20646220 |
| effect of within-species plant genotype mixing on habitat preference of a polyphagous insect predator. | the effects of within-species plant genotype mixing on the habitat preference of a polyphagous ladybird were studied. plant species diversity is often claimed to positively affect habitat preferences of insect predators, but the effects of within-species genotype diversity have not been extensively studied. in a field experiment with different barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes in mixed and pure stands, adult seven-spot ladybird coccinella septempunctata, a polyphagous predator, preferred a spec ... | 2010 | 21080002 |
| fructan chemical structure and sensitivity to an exohydrolase. | a fructan exohydrolase selective for (2----1)-linked terminal fructosyl linkages, isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. morex) stems and leaf sheaths, was used to elucidate the chemical structures of several oligomeric fructans extracted from liliaceous and graminaceous species. products released by enzymic and mild acid hydrolysis were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of partially methylated alditol acetates p ... | 2006 | 1797396 |
| primer extension studies on alpha-amylase mrnas in barley aleurone. ii. hormonal regulation of expression. | relative levels of different alpha-amylase mrnas were assessed by primer extension experiments using rna prepared from aleurone of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya). three different aleurone systems were studied: protoplasts prepared from aleurone layers, isolated aleurone layers, and aleurone from germinated grain. oligonucleotide primers specific for the low-pi and high-pi alpha-amylase groups allowed the levels of different alpha-amylase mrnas to be assessed both within and between the ... | 2003 | 1868201 |
| [stress response genes expression analysis of barley hordeum vulgare under space flight environment]. | transcriptome of barley hordeum vulgare grown aboard international space station (iss) was analyzed by means of microarray. it was revealed 500 genes with mrna level, changed more than two folds in space environment. among them are genes encoding stress response proteins, videlicet heat shock proteins (hsp), pathogenesis-related proteins (pr) and antioxidant proteins. further analysis of these genes by real time pcr showed enhanced transcription level of reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenging ... | 2010 | 21090239 |
| fluazifop, a grass-selective herbicide which inhibits acetyl-coa carboxylase in sensitive plant species. | fluazifop is a grass-selective herbicide that appears to act by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis de novo in sensitive species. results from four different types of experiment show that this inhibition is due to an action of fluazifop on acetyl-coa carboxylase and not on fatty acid synthetase. the acetyl-coa carboxylase from sensitive barley (hordeum vulgare), but not from resistant pea (pisum sativum), is inhibited by the r stereoisomer, a finding that agrees with the herbicidal specificity of fl ... | 2008 | 2902848 |
| fewer genes than organelles: extremely low and variable gene copy numbers in mitochondria of somatic plant cells. | plant mitochondrial genomes are split into sub-genomes, i.e. genes are distributed across various sub-genomic molecules. to investigate whether copy numbers vary between individual mitochondrial genes, we used quantitative real-time pcr in combination with flow cytometric determination of nuclear dna quantities to determine absolute per-cell-copy numbers of four mitochondrial genes in various arabidopsis organs and the leaves of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). the copy ... | 2010 | 21143676 |
| comparative structural modeling and docking studies of oxalate oxidase: possible implication in enzyme supplementation therapy for urolithiasis. | in humans oxalate is end product of protein metabolism, with no enzyme present to act on it. in conditions of its enhanced endogenous synthesis or increased absorption from the diet, oxalate accumulation leads to hyperoxaluria which can further lead to a number of pathological conditions including urolithiasis. urolithiasis has been a perplexing problem due to its high incidence and rate of recurrence after treatment like extracorporeal-shock wave lithotripsy (eswl). hence other prophylactic tre ... | 2011 | 21255608 |
| high-density fluorescence in situ hybridization signal detection on barley (hordeum vulgare l.) chromosomes with improved probe screening and reprobing procedures. | the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) genome was screened to identify sequences that could be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). from 2000 transformed bacterium colonies carrying barley clones, 56 colonies were selected on the basis of the patterns that their pcr products produced when subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. among them, 42 (75%) exhibited fluorescent signals on barley chromosomes after in situ hybridization using the directly labeled pcr products. sequencing reveale ... | 2011 | 21326371 |
| mapping rph20: a gene conferring adult plant resistance to puccinia hordei in barley. | a doubled haploid (dh) barley (hordeum vulgare l.) population of 334 lines (nd24260 × flagship) genotyped with dart markers was used to map genes for adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust (puccinia hordei otth) under field conditions in australia and uruguay. the australian barley cultivar flagship carries an apr gene (qrphflag) derived from the cultivar vada. association analysis and composite interval mapping identified two genes conferring apr in this dh population. qrphflag was mapped to ... | 2011 | 21404059 |
| rhizosphere microbial community structure in relation to root location and plant iron nutritional status. | root exudate composition and quantity vary in relation to plant nutritional status, but the impact of the differences on rhizosphere microbial communities is not known. to examine this question, we performed an experiment with barley (hordeum vulgare) plants under iron-limiting and iron-sufficient growth conditions. plants were grown in an iron-limiting soil in root box microcosms. one-half of the plants were treated with foliar iron every day to inhibit phytosiderophore production and to alter ... | 2000 | 10618246 |
| bacterial origin and community composition in the barley phytosphere as a function of habitat and presowing conditions. | an understanding of the factors influencing colonization of the rhizosphere is essential for improved establishment of biocontrol agents. the aim of this study was to determine the origin and composition of bacterial communities in the developing barley (hordeum vulgare) phytosphere, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of 16s rrna genes amplified from extracted dna. discrete community compositions were identified in the endorhizosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere soil ... | 2000 | 11010885 |
| purification and characterization of barley dipeptidyl peptidase iv. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) storage proteins, which have a high content of proline (pro) and glutamine, are cleaved by cysteine endoproteases to yield peptides with a pro next to the n-terminal and/or c-terminal amino acid residues. a peptidase cleaving after xaa-pro- at the n terminus of peptides was purified from green barley malt. it was identified as a serine-type dipeptidyl peptidase (dpp), based on inhibitor studies, and the nature of the cleavage product. it is a monomeric glycoprotein wi ... | 2000 | 10677435 |
| zinc absorption from low phytic acid genotypes of maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) assessed in a suckling rat pup model. | dietary phytic acid is a major causative factor for low zn bioavailability in many cereal- and legume-based diets. the bioavailability of zn in seed of low phytic acid (lpa) variants of maize ( zea mays l.), rice ( oryza sativa l.), and barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) was evaluated using a suckling rat pup model. suckling rat pups (14 days old, n = 6-8/treatment) were fasted for 6 h and intubated with (65)zn-radiolabeled suspensions prepared using seed produced by either wild-type (normal phytic ac ... | 2011 | 21417220 |
| barley mildew and its elicitor chitosan promote closed stomata by stimulating guard cell s-type anion channels. | stomatal closure has been associated with early defence responses of plant cells triggered by microbe associated molecular patterns (mamps). however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these guard cell responses have not yet been elucidated. we therefore studied pathogen-induced changes in ion channel activity in hordeum vulgare guard cells. barley mildew hyphae growing on leaves inhibited light-induced stomatal opening, starting at 9 hours after inoculation, when they developed appressoria. al ... | 2011 | 21781196 |
| transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum. | the development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) ... | 2012 | 22405032 |
| the barley powdery mildew candidate secreted effector protein csep0105 inhibits the chaperone activity of a small heat shock protein. | pathogens secrete effector proteins to establish a successful interaction with their host. here, we describe two barley (hordeum vulgare) powdery mildew candidate secreted effector proteins, csep0105 and csep0162, which contribute to pathogen success and appear to be required during or after haustorial formation. silencing of either csep using host-induced gene silencing significantly reduced the fungal haustorial formation rate. interestingly, both cseps interact with the barley small heat shoc ... | 2015 | 25770154 |
| barley genes as tools to confer abiotic stress tolerance in crops. | barley is one of the oldest cultivated crops in the world with a high adaptive capacity. the natural tolerance of barley to stress has led to increasing interest in identification of stress responsive genes through small/large-scale omics studies, comparative genomics, and overexpression of some of these genes by genetic transformation. two major categories of proteins involved in stress tolerance are transcription factors (tfs) responsible from the re-programming of the metabolism in stress env ... | 2016 | 27536305 |
| octadecanoid-derived alteration of gene expression and the "oxylipin signature" in stressed barley leaves. implications for different signaling pathways. | stress-induced gene expression in barley (hordeum vulgare cv salome) leaves has been correlated with temporally changing levels of octadecanoids and jasmonates, quantified by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-single ion monitoring. application of sorbitol-induced stress led to a low and transient rise of jasmonic acid (ja), its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda), and the methyl esters jame and opdame, respectively, followed by a large increase in their levels. ja and jame peake ... | 2000 | 10806235 |
| freezing of barley studied by infrared video thermography. | freezing of barley (hordeum vulgare), hordeum murinum, and holcus lanatus was studied using infrared video thermography. in the field, ice could enter h. lanatus leaves through hydathodes. in laboratory tests with barley, initially 0.4% of the leaf water froze, spreading in alternate strips of high and low freezing intensity longitudinally at 1 to 4 cm s(-1), and simultaneously spreading laterally at 0.3 cm s(-1). similar results were obtained in the field with h. lanatus. a distinct second, mor ... | 2001 | 11154332 |
| a novel nucleus-targeted protein is expressed in barley leaves during senescence and pathogen infection. | the barley (hordeum vulgare) cdna hvs40 represents a gene with enhanced mrna level during leaf senescence. biolistic transformation of onion (allium cepa) epidermal cell layers with a glucuronidase fusion protein construct provided evidence that the 15.4-kd protein encoded by hvs40 is localized to the nucleus. expression of the gene is induced by jasmonate and salicylic acid; both are known to act as signaling compounds during senescence and defense toward pathogens. transcript levels of hvs40 w ... | 2002 | 12427984 |
| salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings. | salicylic acid (sa) plays a key role in plant disease resistance and hypersensitive cell death but is also implicated in hardening responses to abiotic stressors. cadmium (cd) exposure increased the free sa contents of barley (hordeum vulgare) roots by a factor of about 2. cultivation of dry barley caryopses presoaked in sa-containing solution for only 6 h or single transient addition of sa at a 0.5 mm concentration to the hydroponics solution partially protected the seedlings from cd toxicity d ... | 2003 | 12746532 |
| a computational-based update on micrornas and their targets in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | many plant species have been investigated in the last years for the identification and characterization of the corresponding mirnas, nevertheless extensive studies are not yet available on barley (at the time of this writing). to extend and to update information on mirnas and their targets in barley and to identify candidate polymorphisms at mirna target sites, the features of previously known plant mirnas have been used to systematically search for barley mirna homologues and targets in the pub ... | 2010 | 20969764 |
| large-scale data integration reveals co-localization of gene functional groups with meta-qtl for multiple disease resistance in barley. | race-nonspecific and durable resistance of plant genotypes to major pathogens is highly relevant for yield stability and sustainable crop production but difficult to handle in practice due to its polygenic inheritance by quantitative trait loci (qtl). as far as the underlying genes are concerned very little is currently known in the most important crop plants such as the cereals. here, we integrated publicly available data for barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) in order to detect most importa ... | 2011 | 21770767 |
| homology modeling and functional characterization of pr-1a protein of hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare. | pathogenesis-related protein 1a of hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare (hvpr-1a) is induced by various pathogens and stress related factors. it plays important roles in plant defense system. since the discovery of hvpr-1a a great deal of research has been focused on its isolation and characterization. however, three dimensional structure of hvpr-1a is still unknown. 3d structure can be used for determining protein function, and identifying novel protein folds and potential targets for regulation. the ... | 2012 | 23139589 |
| the mir9863 family regulates distinct mla alleles in barley to attenuate nlr receptor-triggered disease resistance and cell-death signaling. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) mla alleles encode coiled-coil (cc), nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) receptors that trigger isolate-specific immune responses against the powdery mildew fungus, blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). how mla or nb-lrr genes in grass species are regulated at post-transcriptional level is not clear. the microrna family, mir9863, comprises four members that differentially regulate distinct mla alleles in barley. we show that mir9863 members guide the cle ... | 2014 | 25502438 |
| bacteria-triggered systemic immunity in barley is associated with wrky and ethylene responsive factors but not with salicylic acid. | leaf-to-leaf systemic immune signaling known as systemic acquired resistance is poorly understood in monocotyledonous plants. here, we characterize systemic immunity in barley (hordeum vulgare) triggered after primary leaf infection with either pseudomonas syringae pathovar japonica (psj) or xanthomonas translucens pathovar cerealis (xtc). both pathogens induced resistance in systemic, uninfected leaves against a subsequent challenge infection with xtc. in contrast to systemic acquired resistanc ... | 2014 | 25332505 |
| the compromised recognition of turnip crinkle virus1 subfamily of microrchidia atpases regulates disease resistance in barley to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. | morc1 and morc2, two of the seven members of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) compromised recognition of turnip crinkle virus1 subfamily of microrchidia gyrase, heat shock protein90, histidine kinase, mutl (ghkl) atpases, were previously shown to be required in multiple layers of plant immunity. here, we show that the barley (hordeum vulgare) morcs also are involved in disease resistance. genome-wide analyses identified five morcs that are 37% to 48% identical on the protein level to atmor ... | 2014 | 24390392 |
| structure and function of the bacterial root microbiota in wild and domesticated barley. | the microbial communities inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the rhizosphere, which consists of soil particles firmly attached to roots, engage in symbiotic associations with their host. to investigate the structural and functional diversification among these communities, we employed a combination of 16s rrna gene profiling and shotgun metagenome analysis of the microbiota associated with wild and domesticated accessions of barley (hordeum vulgare). bacterial families com ... | 2015 | 25732064 |
| abscisic acid negatively interferes with basal defence of barley against magnaporthe oryzae. | plant hormones are well known regulators which balance plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. we investigated the role of abscisic acid (aba) in resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) against the plant pathogenic fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | 2015 | 25604965 |
| tree-based intercropping systems increase growth and nutrient status of hybrid poplar: a case study from two northeastern american experiments. | tree-based intercropping is considered to be a potentially useful land use system for mitigating negative environmental impacts from intensive agriculture such as nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. rapid early growth of trees is critical for rapidly accruing environmental benefits provided by the trees. we tested the hypothesis that intercropping increases the growth and nutrient status of young hybrid poplars (populus spp.), compared to a harrowing alley treatment (i.e., no intercr ... | 2009 | 19783353 |
| diversity and evolution of disease resistance genes in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | plant disease resistance genes (r-genes) play a critical role in the defense response to pathogens. barley is one of the most important cereal crops, having a genome recently made available, for which the diversity and evolution of r-genes are not well understood. the main objectives of this research were to conduct a genome-wide identification of barley coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (cnl) genes and elucidate their evolutionary history. we employed a hidden markov mod ... | 2016 | 27168720 |
| plant responses to seven russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes found in the united states. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is a serious wheat, triticum aestivum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l., pest throughout the small grain-producing areas in the western united states. the virulency and classification of recently described russian wheat aphid biotypes 1-7 (rwa1-7) were clarified using 24 plant differentials. these seven biotypes had been described previously using various methods and test environments; therefore, the purpose of this st ... | 2009 | 19886462 |
| barley disease susceptibility factor racb acts in epidermal cell polarity and positioning of the nucleus. | rho gtpases are regulators of cell polarity and immunity in eukaryotes. in plants, rho-like rac/rop gtpases are regulators of cell shaping, hormone responses, and responses to microbial pathogens. the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) rac/rop protein racb is required for full susceptibility to penetration by blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh), the barley powdery mildew fungus. disease susceptibility factors often control host immune responses. here we show that racb does not interfere with early mic ... | 2016 | 27056842 |
| complete genome sequence of the barley pathogen xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens dsm 18974t (atcc 19319t). | we report here the complete 4.7-mb genome sequence of xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens dsm 18974(t), which causes black chaff disease on barley (hordeum vulgare). genome data of this x. translucens type strain will improve our understanding of this bacterial species. | 2016 | 27908994 |
| proteomic characterization of the rph15 barley resistance gene-mediated defence responses to leaf rust. | leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen puccinia hordei, is one of the most important foliar disease of barley (hordeum vulgare) and represents a serious threat in many production regions of the world. the leaf rust resistance gene rph15 is of outstanding interest for resistance breeding because it confers resistance to over 350 puccinia hordei isolates collected from around the world. molecular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for the rph15 effectiveness are currently not inve ... | 2012 | 23167439 |
| the wrky45-2 wrky13 wrky42 transcriptional regulatory cascade is required for rice resistance to fungal pathogen. | blast caused by fungal magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating disease of rice (oryza sativa) worldwide, and this fungus also infects barley (hordeum vulgare). at least 11 rice wrky transcription factors have been reported to regulate rice response to m. oryzae either positively or negatively. however, the relationships of these wrkys in the rice defense signaling pathway against m. oryzae are unknown. previous studies have revealed that rice wrky13 (as a transcriptional repressor) and wrky45-2 enha ... | 2015 | 25624395 |
| fine mapping of barley locus rps6 conferring resistance to wheat stripe rust. | barley resistance to wheat stripe rust has remained effective for a long time and, therefore, the genes underlying this resistance can be a valuable tool to engineer durable resistance in wheat. wheat stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a major disease of wheat that is causing large economic losses in many wheat-growing regions of the world. deployment of pst resistance genes has been an effective strategy for controlling this pathogen, but many of these genes ha ... | 2016 | 26875072 |
| relationships between the addition rates of cellulase or glucose and silage fermentation at different temperatures. | the influence of the application rates of cellulase preparation and glucose on silage fermentation at different temperatures was studied with the straw of naked barley (hordeum vulgare l. emand lam) and guineagrass (panicum maximum jacq.). addition rate of cellulase and glucose, temperature and their interaction had significant effects on ph value, lactic acid content, butyric acid content and propionic acid content of naked barley straw silage and significant effects on all the parameters of gu ... | 2010 | 20597889 |
| the arabidopsis protein shi represses gibberellin responses in arabidopsis and barley. | the current model of gibberellin (ga) signal transduction is based on a derepressible system and a number of candidate negative regulators have been identified in arabidopsis. we previously have reported the identification of the arabidopsis gene short internodes (shi) that causes suppression of ga responses when constitutively activated. in this paper, we show by using reporter gene analysis that the shi gene is expressed in young organs, e.g. shoot apices and root tips. the model predicts a su ... | 2001 | 11706176 |
| lactic acid fermentation of germinated barley fiber and proliferative function of colonic epithelial cells in loperamide-induced rats. | to develop a functional food from the dietary fiber fraction of germinated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) (gbf), lactic acid fermentation was attempted using lactobacillus acidophilus, streptococcus thermophilus, and bifidobacterium bifidus. the quality characteristics of the lactic acid-fermented product and its effect on gastrointestinal function in an animal model were examined. the anaerobic fermentation of 1% and 2% gbf yielded lactic acid bacteria at 8.9 +/- 1.0 x 10(8) and 1.6 +/- 0.2 x 10(9 ... | 2010 | 20673062 |
| promoter analysis of the barley pht1;1 phosphate transporter gene identifies regions controlling root expression and responsiveness to phosphate deprivation. | previous studies have shown that the promoter from the barley (hordeum vulgare) phosphate transporter gene, hvpht1;1, activates high levels of expression in rice (oryza sativa) roots and that the expression level was induced by up to 4-fold in response to phosphorus (p) deprivation. to identify promoter regions controlling gene regulation specificities, successive promoter truncations were made and attached to reporter genes. promoters of between 856 and 1,400 nucleotides activated gene expressi ... | 2004 | 15542491 |
| the arabidopsis gamyb-like genes, myb33 and myb65, are microrna-regulated genes that redundantly facilitate anther development. | the functions of the vast majority of genes encoding r2r3 myb domain proteins remain unknown. the closely related myb33 and myb65 genes of arabidopsis thaliana have high sequence similarity to the barley (hordeum vulgare) gamyb gene. t-dna insertional mutants were isolated for both genes, and a myb33 myb65 double mutant was defective in anther development. in myb33 myb65 anthers, the tapetum undergoes hypertrophy at the pollen mother cell stage, resulting in premeiotic abortion of pollen develop ... | 2005 | 15722475 |
| rice plastidial n-glycosylated nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase is transported from the er-golgi to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway. | a nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (npp) activity that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of adp-glucose (adpg) has been shown to occur in the plastidial compartment of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. to learn more about this enzyme, we purified two npps from rice (oryza sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings. both enzymes are glycosylated, since they bind to concanavalin a, stain with periodic acid-schiff reagent, and are digested by endo-h. a complete rice npp cdna, d ... | 2006 | 17028208 |
| regulation of dormancy in barley by blue light and after-ripening: effects on abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism. | white light strongly promotes dormancy in freshly harvested cereal grains, whereas dark and after-ripening have the opposite effect. we have analyzed the interaction of light and after-ripening on abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellin (ga) metabolism genes and dormancy in barley (hordeum vulgare 'betzes'). analysis of gene expression in imbibed barley grains shows that different aba metabolism genes are targeted by white light and after-ripening. of the genes examined, white light promotes the exp ... | 2008 | 18408047 |
| barley genomics: an overview. | barley (hordeum vulgare), first domesticated in the near east, is a well-studied crop in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding and qualifies as a model plant for triticeae research. recent advances made in barley genomics mainly include the following: (i) rapid accumulation of est sequence data, (ii) growing number of studies on transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, (iii) new modeling techniques, (iv) availability of genome-wide knockout collections as well as efficient transformation tec ... | 2008 | 18382615 |
| a barley cellulose synthase-like cslh gene mediates (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan synthesis in transgenic arabidopsis. | the walls of grasses and related members of the poales are characterized by the presence of the polysaccharide (1,3, 1,4)-beta-d-glucan (beta-glucan). to date, only members of the grass-specific cellulose synthase-like f (cslf) gene family have been implicated in its synthesis. assuming that other grass-specific csl genes also might encode synthases for this polysaccharide, we cloned hvcslh1, a cslh gene from barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and expressed an epitope-tagged version of the cdna in ara ... | 2009 | 19321749 |
| the cc-nb-lrr-type rdg2a resistance gene confers immunity to the seed-borne barley leaf stripe pathogen in the absence of hypersensitive cell death. | leaf stripe disease on barley (hordeum vulgare) is caused by the seed-transmitted hemi-biotrophic fungus pyrenophora graminea. race-specific resistance to leaf stripe is controlled by two known rdg (resistance to drechslera graminea) genes: the h. spontaneum-derived rdg1a and rdg2a, identified in h. vulgare. the aim of the present work was to isolate the rdg2a leaf stripe resistance gene, to characterize the rdg2a locus organization and evolution and to elucidate the histological bases of rdg2a- ... | 2010 | 20844752 |
| antioxidant vitamins in barley green biomass. | two malting hulled varieties (sebastian, malz) and one nonmalting hull-less variety (af lucius) were used to assess vitamins c and e in the green biomass of young plants of spring barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) in three stages of growth and development (bbch 29, 31, 32-33). the samples from sampling i (bbch 29) had statistically significantly higher vitamin c content and vitamin e activity compared to sampling i (bbch 31). the highest average vitamin content was determined in the malting variety s ... | 2010 | 20973533 |
| differential regulation of 3-aminomethylindole/n-methyl-3-aminomethylindole n-methyltransferase and gramine in barley by both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. | the expression of nmt (3-aminomethylindole/n-methyl-3-aminomethylindole n-methyltransferase; ec 2.1.1.), involved in the biosynthesis of the indole alkaloid gramine, was investigated in aphid-infested barley (hordeum vulgare l.). nmt is induced by methyl jasmonate and it was hypothesized that the gene would be more strongly upregulated in aphid-resistant barley. we examined the effects of feeding by three aphid species; russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia mordvilko), rose-grain aphid (metopolop ... | 2010 | 21074448 |
| dryland soil chemical properties and crop yields affected by long-term tillage and cropping sequence. | information on the effect of long-term management on soil nutrients and chemical properties is scanty. we examined the 30-year effect of tillage frequency and cropping sequence combination on dryland soil olsen-p, k, ca, mg, na, so4-s, and zn concentrations, ph, electrical conductivity (ec), and cation exchange capacity (cec) at the 0-120 cm depth and annualized crop yield in the northern great plains, usa. treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (ntcw), spring til ... | 2015 | 26171303 |
| multi-temperature effects on hill reaction activity of barley chloroplasts. | 1. the relationship between temperature and hill reaction activity has been investigated in chloroplasts isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. abyssinian). 2. an arrhenius plot of the photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (dcip) showed no change in slope over the temperature range 2--38degreesc. the apparent arrhenius activation energy (ea) for the reaction was 48.1 kj/mol. 3. in the presence of an uncoupler of photophosphorylation, methylamine, the ea for dcip photoreduction wen ... | 2001 | 61041 |
| co-infection with two strains of brome mosaic bromovirus reveals common rna recombination sites in different hosts. | we have previously reported intra-segmental crossovers in brome mosaic virus (bmv) rnas. in this work, we studied the homologous recombination of bmv rna in three different hosts: barley (hordeum vulgare), chenopodium quinoa, and nicotiana benthamiana that were co-infected with two strains of bmv: russian (r) and fescue (f). our work aimed at (1) establishing the frequency of recombination, (2) mapping the recombination hot spots, and (3) addressing host effects. the f and r nucleotide sequences ... | 2015 | 27774290 |
| barley rop binding kinase1 is involved in microtubule organization and in basal penetration resistance to the barley powdery mildew fungus. | certain plant receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases were reported to interact with small monomeric g-proteins of the rho of plant (rop; also called rac) family in planta and to be activated by this interaction in vitro. we identified a barley (hordeum vulgare) partial cdna of a rop binding protein kinase (hvrbk1) in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screenings with barley hvrop bait proteins. protein interaction of the constitutively activated (ca) barley hvrops ca hvracb and ca hvrac1 wit ... | 2012 | 22415513 |
| [nucleotide sequence of the b1-hordein gene of barley hordeum vulgare l]. | the gene encoding b1 hordein of hordeum vulgare (cv. donetsky 4) was cloned and entirely sequenced. it contains no introns and codes for of 293 amino acids long polypeptide with molecular weight 33418. our clone differs from the previously sequenced b1 hordein genes in some positions within the coding region (there are 4 nucleotide changes and a 12 bp deletion, as compared with the pb11 cdna clone, and 5 nucleotide changes, as compared with the pbhp184 genomic clone). these changes result in pol ... | 2008 | 2583483 |
| application of the kombucha 'tea fungus' for the enhancement of antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory properties of ten herbal teas. | ten herbal teas (acacia arabica, aegle marmelos flower, a. marmelos root bark, aerva lanata, asteracantha longifolia, cassia auriculata, hemidesmus indicus, hordeum vulgare, phyllanthus emblica, tinospora cordifolia) were fermented with the kombucha 'tea fungus'. the ph values of the fermented beverages ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 by day 7, while the titratable acidity ranged from 2.5 to 5.0g/ml (p<0.05). gallic acid had statistically significantly increased (p<0.05) in almost all the samples by day ... | 2016 | 26471559 |
| the amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from hordeum vulgare. | ferredoxin from barley consists of a single polypeptide chain of 97 amino acids, four of which are cysteine. these residues, which bind the iron atoms of the active centre, are in identical positions to those of other ferredoxins. the primary structure shows considerable similarity with other plant ferredoxins. | 2005 | 1367267 |
| photoreduction of protochlorophyllide and its relationship to delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthesis in the leaves of dark-grown barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings. | the photoreduction of protochlorophyllide (pchl) in dark-grown leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) brings about the synthesis of delta-aminolaevulinic acid (amlev). manipulation of the pchl level in the leaves by incubation in amlev indicated that the production of amlev was intimately related to the state of the pchl reductase ternary complex. free pchl reductase that is unassociated with substrate/product appeared at first to be essential for the photoinduction of amlev synthesis. experiments o ... | 2013 | 3790090 |
| the sequence statistics and solution conformation of a barley (1----3, 1----4)-beta-d-glucan. | the sequence statistics and aqueous solution conformation of the 40 degrees water-soluble (1----3,1----4)-beta-d-glucan isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare) have been modeled realistically using the known sequence-distributions of (1----3) and (1----4) linkages, theoretical conformational analysis, and the statistical mechanical theory of polymer-chain conformation. this barley beta-glucan fraction consists of (1----4)-beta-glucooligosaccharides, predominantly of d.p. 4 or less, joined by sing ... | 2011 | 3815414 |
| association of ferredoxin-nadp oxidoreductase with the chloroplastic pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex in barley leaves | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were used to isolate and characterize the chloroplast nad(p)h dehydrogenase complex. the stroma fraction and the thylakoid fraction solubilized with sodium deoxycholate were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzymes detected with nadh and nitroblue tetrazolium were electroeluted. the enzymes electroeluted from band s from the stroma fraction and from bands t1 (et1) and t2 from the thylakoid fraction solubilized with sodium deoxychol ... | 1998 | 9576793 |
| genetic transformation of major cereal crops. | of the more than 50,000 edible plant species in the world, at least 10,000 species are cereal grains. three major cereal crops, rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and wheat (triticum sp.), provide two-thirds of the world's food energy intake. although crop yields have improved tremendously thanks to technological advances in the past 50 years, population increases and climate changes continue to threaten the sustainability of current crop productions. whereas conventional and marker-assisted ... | 2013 | 24166432 |
| transformation of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of in vitro cultured ovules. | agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro cultured barley ovules is an attractive alternative to well-established barley transformation methods of immature embryos. the ovule culture system can be used for transformation with and without selection and has successfully been used to transform cultivars other than golden promise indicating minor genotype dependency. the method allows for the rapid and direct generation of high-quality transgenic plants where the transgenes are stably expres ... | 2012 | 22351006 |
| demethylase inhibitor fungicide resistance in pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres associated with target site modification and inducible overexpression of cyp51. | pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres is the cause of net form of net blotch (nfnb), an economically important foliar disease in barley (hordeum vulgare). net and spot forms of net blotch are widely controlled using site-specific systemic fungicides. although resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and quinone outside inhibitors has been addressed before in net blotches, mechanisms controlling demethylation inhibitor resistance have not yet been reported at the molecular level. here we report ... | 2016 | 27594852 |