| changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves of different age during de-etiolation and high-light treatment. | the steady-state of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells is controlled by ros-producing and scavenging agents. a large cellular pool of antioxidant metabolites is involved in their control. variations in this antioxidant pool may be monitored by measuring changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity (free radical-quenching activity of water-soluble components) and ascorbic acid levels. the de-etiolation process and induction of light stress in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves wer ... | 2006 | 16628378 |
| modification of chemical properties of cell walls by silicon and its role in regulation of the cell wall extensibility in oat leaves. | effects of silicon on the mechanical and chemical properties of cell walls in the second leaf of oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings were investigated. the cell wall extensibility in the basal region of the second leaf was considerably higher than that in the middle and subapical regions. externally applied silicon increased the cell wall extensibility in the basal region, but it did not affect the extensibility in the middle and subapical regions. the amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and phenol ... | 2007 | 16618521 |
| generation of snp markers for short straw in oat (avena sativa l.). | short straw is a desired trait in oat germplasm (avena sativa l.). marker-assisted selection, a key tool for achieving this objective, is limited by the presence and number of available markers. here, we have attempted to develop markers sufficiently linked to a gene specifying short straw so that marker-assisted selection could be applied. bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify anonymous pcr-based markers associated with the dwarfing gene dw6 in an f2 population from the cross between a ... | 2006 | 16604112 |
| forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest: why body size matters. | using red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest, a large (>20 kg) marsupial herbivore, we compared the digestive capabilities of juveniles with those of mature, non-lactating females on high-quality forage (chopped lucerne medicago sativa hay) of 43+/-1% neutral-detergent fibre (ndf) and poorer quality, high-fibre forage (chopped oaten avena sativa hay) of 64+/-1% ndf. on chopped lucerne apparent dry matter (dm) digestibilities by young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos (an age that would normally be tak ... | 2006 | 16574810 |
| endogenous nitrogen excretion by red kangaroos (macropus rufus): effects of animal age and forage quality. | red kangaroos (macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to arid and semiarid australia. the population dynamics of red kangaroos are linked with environmental factors, operating largely through juvenile survival. a crucial period is the young-at-foot (yaf) stage, when juveniles have permanently left the mother's pouch but still take milk from a teat in the pouch. forage quantity and quality have been implicated in drought-related mortalities of juvenile kangaroos. here we ... | 2013 | 16555200 |
| carbohydrate partitioning between upper and lower regions of the crown in oat and rye during cold acclimation and freezing. | carbohydrates have long been recognized as an important aspect of freezing tolerance in plants but the association between these two factors is often ambiguous. to help clarify the relationship, the allocation of carbohydrates between specific tissues within the over wintering organ (crown) of winter cereals was measured. a winter-hardy and non-winter-hardy oat (avena sativa l.), and a rye (secale cereale l.) cultivar were grown and frozen under controlled conditions. crown tissue was fractionat ... | 2006 | 16359655 |
| photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization in a c450a mutant of the lov2 domain of the avena sativa blue-light receptor phototropin. | phototropin is a blue-light receptor involved in the phototropic response of higher plants. the photoreceptor comprises a protein kinase domain and two structurally similar flavin-mononucleotide (fmn) binding domains designated lov1 and lov2. blue-light irradiation of recombinant lov2 domains induces the formation of a covalent adduct of the thiol group of a functional cysteine in the cofactor-binding pocket to c(4a) of the fmn. cysteine-to-alanine mutants of lov domains are unable to form that ... | 2005 | 16332073 |
| identification of molecular markers for aluminium tolerance in diploid oat through comparative mapping and qtl analysis. | the degree of aluminium tolerance varies widely across cereal species, with oats (avena spp.) being among the most tolerant. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to aluminium tolerance in the diploid oat a. strigosa. restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were tested in regions where comparative mapping indicated the potential for orthologous quantitative trait loci (qtl) for aluminium tolerance in other grass species. amplified fragment length polymorph ... | 2006 | 16323000 |
| toxicity assessment of two soils from jales mine (portugal) using plants: growth and biochemical parameters. | contaminants in soils can enter food chains through primary producers. bioavailable contaminants can induce growth, and reproductive or biochemical changes in plants. to evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in two soils from jales mine surroundings, bioassays with the plants brassica rapa (rcbr) and avena sativa were performed. biochemical parameters (protein and malondialdehyde [mda] content, and catalase and peroxidase activities) were also measured. the soils had different heavy metal ... | 2006 | 16307215 |
| thin layer chromatography-application in qualitative analysis on presence of coumarins and flavonoids in plant material. | drugs, natural medicinal plant, animals and mineral materials, have a large and various application in official pharmacy and medicine. carriers of multilateral pharmacological effects that those drugs shown, are chemically define as active components that are present in them. methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis are used for the chemical investigation of components that drugs contain. method of thin layer chromatography has been shown as very reliable. according to the chemical inves ... | 2003 | 16232145 |
| the activation state of rubisco directly limits photosynthesis at low co(2) and low o(2) partial pressures. | using gas exchange, enzyme assays, and theoretical modeling of photosynthetic responses to light and co(2), we investigated whether decarbamylation of the active site of rubisco at low co(2) and low light leads to a condition where the activation state of rubisco directly limits the rate of net co(2) assimilation. photosynthetic limitation by a reduction in the activation state of rubisco would be indicated as a decline in the initial slope of the photosynthetic co(2) response relative to what i ... | 2002 | 16228135 |
| graingenes 2.0. an improved resource for the small-grains community. | graingenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about triticeae species (wheat [triticum aestivum], barley [hordeum vulgare], rye [secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (avena sativa) and its wild relatives. a major strength of the graingenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, placing graingenes as both a data repository and information hub. the primary intensively curated d ... | 2005 | 16219925 |
| contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols, and avenanthramides in commercial grain products. | the contents of free and total phenolic acids and alk(en)ylresorcinols were analyzed in commercial products of eight grains: oat (avena sativa), wheat (triticum spp.), rye (secale cerale), barley (hordeum vulgare), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), millet (panicum miliaceum), rice (oryza sativa), and corn (zea mays). avenanthramides were determined in three oat products. free phenolic acids, alk(en)ylresorcinols, and avenanthramides were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, 100% methanol, and ... | 2005 | 16218677 |
| generation and analysis of 9792 est sequences from cold acclimated oat, avena sativa. | oat is an important crop in north america and northern europe. in scandinavia, yields are limited by the fact that oat cannot be used as a winter crop. in order to develop such a crop, more knowledge about mechanisms of cold tolerance in oat is required. | 2005 | 16137325 |
| cadmium phytotoxicity: quantitative sensitivity relationships between classical endpoints and antioxidative enzyme biomarkers. | in this work, cadmium phytotoxicity and quantitative sensitivity relationships between different hierarchical endpoints in plants cultivated in a contaminated soil were studied. thus, germination rate, biomass growth and antioxidative enzyme activity (i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in three terrestrial plants (avena sativa l., brassica campestris l. cv. chinensis, lactuca sativa l. cv. hanson) were analyzed. plant growth tests were carried out accordin ... | 2006 | 15982719 |
| patterns of aflp variation in a core subset of cultivated hexaploid oat germplasm. | many core collections have been developed from large collections of crop germplasm, but most of these have not been characterized, particularly using molecular techniques, for germplasm management and utilization. we have attempted to characterize a structured sample representing a world collection of 11,622 cultivated hexaploid oat accessions in the hope of understanding the genetic structure of the world collection. the amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique was applied to scr ... | 2005 | 15940508 |
| carbohydrate concentrations in crown fractions from winter oat during hardening at sub-zero temperatures. | contradictory results in correlation studies of plant carbohydrates with freezing tolerance may be because whole crown tissue is analysed for carbohydrates while differences exist in the survival of specific tissue within the crown. the aim of this study was to see if carbohydrate changes in tissue within oat crowns during second phase hardening (sub-zero hardening) are tissue specific. | 2005 | 15894549 |
| a microcosm approach to assessing the effects of earthworm inoculation and oat cover cropping on co2 fluxes and biological properties in an amended semiarid soil. | we designed a microcosm experiment to assess the influence of inoculation with eisenia foetida earthworms and the establishment of an avena sativa cover crop on biological (enzyme activities and labile carbon fractions) soil quality indicators in a soil treated with a composted organic residue, and to determine the contribution of these treatments to carbon dioxide emissions from the soil to the atmosphere of the microcosm. the microcosms were incubated for 53 days under 28 degrees c/18 degrees ... | 2005 | 15894048 |
| competitive interactions among four pest species of earth mites (acari: penthaleidae). | earth mites are major winter pests of a variety of crops and pastures in southern australia. competition between four earth mite species was investigated using field and shadehouse experiments. the influence of different plant hosts on the frequency and intensity of competitive interactions also were examined. this information is important, because control attempts that eradicate one species of mite could be directly followed by an increase in abundance of another earth mite species. there were ... | 2005 | 15889718 |
| dose-response-a challenge for allelopathy? | the response of an organism to a chemical depends, among other things, on the dose. nonlinear dose-response relationships occur across a broad range of research fields, and are a well established tool to describe the basic mechanisms of phytotoxicity. the responses of plants to allelochemicals as biosynthesized phytotoxins, relate as well to nonlinearity and, thus, allelopathic effects can be adequately quantified by nonlinear mathematical modeling. the current paper applies the concept of nonli ... | 2005 | 19330161 |
| chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the triticeae, oat, and rice genomes using common heterologous rflp probes. | an restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-based genetic map of ryegrass (lolium) was constructed for comparative mapping with other poaceae species using heterologous anchor probes. the genetic map contained 120 rflp markers from cdna clones of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), covering 664 cm on seven linkage groups (lgs). the genome comparisons of ryegrass relative to the triticeae, oat, and rice extended the syntenic relationships among t ... | 2005 | 15742203 |
| flavonolignans from avena sativa. | three flavonolignans derived from the flavone tricin were isolated from avena sativa herb. this is the first report of the presence of flavonolignans in a. sativa. in the known compounds 1a and 1b, a coniferyl alcohol moiety is linked to the flavone by an ether bond; in the new natural product 2, it is linked by c-c bonds. structure elucidation of compound 2 was performed by 1d and 2d nmr experiments, and the absolute configuration was determined from circular dichroic data. | 2005 | 15730266 |
| chromophore exchange in the lov2 domain of the plant photoreceptor phototropin1 from oat. | phototropins are a family of plant photoreceptors mediating blue light responses such as phototropism, leaf expansion, chloroplast relocation, and stomatal opening. characteristic for phototropins are two lov domains which, when expressed in heterologous systems, each carry a single flavin mononucleotide (fmn) chromophore. here we describe removal of fmn from the lov2 domain of avena sativa using a hydrophobic matrix and successful incorporation of flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), riboflavin, ... | 2005 | 15723549 |
| transmission of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements in oat-maize radiation hybrids. | oat-maize radiation hybrids are oat (avena sativa l.) plants carrying radiation-induced subchromosome fragments of a given maize (zea mays l.) chromosome. since first-generation radiation hybrids contain various maize chromosome rearrangements in a hemizygous condition, variation might be expected in the transmission of these rearrangements to subsequent generations. the transmission and integrity of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements were evaluated in progenies of 30 oat-maize radiation hybrids ... | 2004 | 15644979 |
| disruption of the lov-jalpha helix interaction activates phototropin kinase activity. | light plays a crucial role in activating phototropins, a class of plant photoreceptors that are sensitive to blue and uv-a wavelengths. previous studies indicated that phototropin uses a bound flavin mononucleotide (fmn) within its light-oxygen-voltage (lov) domain to generate a protein-flavin covalent bond under illumination. in the c-terminal lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin 1, formation of this bond triggers a conformational change that results in unfolding of a helix external to this ... | 2004 | 15610012 |
| transformation of fulvic substances in the rhizosphere during phytoremediation of used motor oil. | changes in the chemical composition of fulvic acids in used oil-contaminated soils treated with different plant species and fertilization (fertilized, f; and nonfertilized, nf) were analyzed by fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ftir). soil contaminated with 1.5% (w/w) used motor oil was seeded with sunflower (helianthus annuus)/indian mustard (brassica juncea); soybean (glycine max)/green bean (phaseolus vulgaris); mixed grasses/maize (zea mays); mixed clover (red clover, trifolium prat ... | 2004 | 15478929 |
| on the reaction mechanism of adduct formation in lov domains of the plant blue-light receptor phototropin. | the blue-light sensitive photoreceptor, phototropin, is a flavoprotein which regulates the phototropism response of higher plants. the photoinduced triplet state and the photoreactivity of the flavin-mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor in two lov domains of avena sativa, adiantum capillus-veneris, and chlamydomonas reinhardtii phototropin have been studied by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) and uv-vis spectroscopy at low temperatures (t < or = 80 k). differences in the electronic s ... | 2004 | 15339193 |
| synthesis, absolute configuration and biological activities of both enantiomers of 2-(5,7-dichloro-3-indolyl)propionic acid: a novel dichloroindole auxin and antiauxin. | racemic 2-(5,7-dichloro-3-indolyl)propionic acid (5,7-cl(2)-2-ipa) was synthesized from 5,7-dichloroindole-3-acetic acid by successive esterification, methoxycarbonylation, methylation, and double hydrolysis. the racemate was converted to diastereomeric esters of l-menthol; these were separated by recycling hplc into two optically active diastereomers that were then hydrolyzed with p-tsoh to two optically active enantiomers of 5,7-cl(2)-2-ipa. the absolute configurations of both these enantiomer ... | 2004 | 15215593 |
| dissecting the maize genome by using chromosome addition and radiation hybrid lines. | we have developed from crosses of oat (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) 50 fertile lines that are disomic additions of individual maize chromosomes 1-9 and chromosome 10 as a short-arm telosome. the whole chromosome 10 addition is available only in haploid oat background. most of the maize chromosome disomic addition lines have regular transmission; however, chromosome 5 showed diminished paternal transmission, and chromosome 10 is transmitted to offspring only as a short-arm telosome. t ... | 2004 | 15197265 |
| changes in ion fluxes during phototropic bending of etiolated oat coleoptiles. | this work has been conducted to assist theoretical modelling of the different stages of the blue light (bl)-induced phototropic signalling pathway and ion transport activity across plant membranes. ion fluxes (ca(2+), h(+), k(+) and cl(-)) in etiolated oat coleoptiles have been measured continuously before and during unilateral bl exposure. | 2004 | 15155378 |
| ovarian development and ovipositional preference of the western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) variant in east central illinois. | the rotation of maize, zea mays l., and soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., has been the traditional cultural tactic to manage the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, in the corn belt. the reduced effectiveness of this rotation as a pest management tool in east central illinois, northern indiana, and southern michigan can be explained by the shift in the ovipositional behavior of the new variant of western corn rootworm. the objective of this study was to evaluate the inf ... | 2004 | 15154460 |
| influence of application volume on herbicide efficacy. | herbicide doses used by farmers are often lower than registration doses. one of the reasons put forward is that field assays for registration are performed at relatively high application volumes (typically 300 l ha(-1)), whereas farmers use lower volumes (down to 75 l ha(-1) or even lower). the resulting concentration of the active ingredient(s) and the formulants is supposed to enhance efficacy. to test this hypothesis in the case of specific graminicides, we compared the efficacy of clodinafop ... | 2003 | 15149130 |
| effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading. | the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ... | 2000 | 15092904 |
| purification and properties of apoplastic amylase from oat (avena sativa) seedlings. | the protein fraction extracted with a high ionic strength buffer from the cell wall preparation of oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles and first leaves contained starch-degrading (amylase) activity. the activity of apoplastic amylase in the coleoptiles and first leaves continued to increase in parallel with organ growth. one of the apoplastic amylases recovered from shoot cell wall preparations was purified by sequential ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, and the catalytic properties ... | 2004 | 15086825 |
| thiamine binding and metabolism in germinating seeds of selected cereals and legumes. | the basic characteristics of thiamine metabolism in germinating seeds of maize (zea mays), oat (avena sativa), faba bean (vicia faba) and garden pea (pisum sativum) are presented with a special emphasis of a possible thiamine storage function of seed thiamine-binding proteins (tbps). seeds were germinated for 6 d in the dark. thiamine-binding activity in seeds decreased during germination by 50% in cereals and by 30% in legumes. the degradation of tbps was also detected by polyacrylamide gel ele ... | 2004 | 15051042 |
| purification and characterization of serine proteases that exhibit caspase-like activity and are associated with programmed cell death in avena sativa. | victoria blight of avena sativa (oat) is caused by the fungus cochliobolus victoriae, which is pathogenic because of the production of the toxin victorin. the victorin-induced response in sensitive a. sativa has been characterized as a form of programmed cell death (pcd) and displays morphological and biochemical features similar to apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, dna laddering, cell shrinkage, altered mitochondrial function, and ordered, substrate-specific proteolytic events. victo ... | 2004 | 15020745 |
| maize centromeres: organization and functional adaptation in the genetic background of oat. | centromeric dna sequences in multicellular eukaryotes are often highly repetitive and are not unique to a specific centromere or to centromeres at all. thus, it is a major challenge to study the fine structure of individual plant centromeres. we used a dna fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization approach to study individual maize (zea mays) centromeres using oat (avena sativa)-maize chromosome addition lines. the maize centromere-specific satellite repeat centc in the addition lines allowed us ... | 2004 | 14973167 |
| europium uptake and partitioning in oat (avena sativa) roots as studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy profiling technique. | the uptake of eu3+ by elongating oat roots was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurement, and a laser excitation time-resolved confocal fluorescence profiling technique. the results of this work indicated that initial uptake of eu3+ was highest within the undifferentiated cells of the root tip just behind the root cap, a region of maximal cell growth and differentiation and with incomplete formation of the casparian strip around the central vascular cylinder. distri ... | 2003 | 14655714 |
| oat cover cropping and soil insecticides in an integrated sugarbeet root maggot (diptera: otitidae) management program. | sugarbeet, beta vulgaris l., producers occasionally establish cereal cover crops to minimize early-season soil erosion, wind abrasion, and mechanical injury of seedlings. we evaluated the use of living oat, avena sativa l., cover cropping as a cultural tactic to minimize feeding injury from sugarbeet root maggot, tetanops myopaeformis (röder), larvae at five field sites during 1996, 1998, and 1999. sweep-net sampling yielded 4.8-, 11.2-, and 7.2-fold more flies from oat cover-cropped chlorpyrifo ... | 2003 | 14650515 |
| [genetic analysis of oat (avena sativa l.) by joint scaling test]. | comparing the results of genetic analysis of oat varieties with the method of diallel analysis of f1 hybrids and with the joint scaling test the spheres of optimal application of both methods were determined. quantitative estimation of genetic parameters forming the phenotypic averages in scaling test develops the necessary base for involvement of marker genes for qualitative characters in search of qtls controlling the traits with continuous variation. the crosses being the most suitable for fu ... | 2015 | 14650325 |
| tissue-specific and subcellular localization of phototropin determined by immuno-blotting. | phototropin (phot) is a uv/blue- light receptor mediating phototropic reactions of plants as a response to unilateral irradiation. using an antiserum directed against the n-terminal part of arabidopsis phot1, we show here cross-reaction with phototropin from avena sativa, eruca sativa, glycine max, lepidium sativum, lycopersicon esculentum, pisum sativum, sinapis alba, and zea mays. in all investigated plants, blue light irradiation led to a gel mobility shift of phototropin corresponding to an ... | 2004 | 14634818 |
| reduction of crop contamination by soil resuspension within the 30-km zone of the chernobyl nuclear power plant. | a field experiment was conducted within the 30-km zone of the chernobyl nuclear power plant to analyze whether the application of mulching reduced resuspension of 137cs contaminated soil in oat (avena sativa) crops. in 1993, we applied a mulch treatment at a dose of 200 g m(-2), and soil resuspension was measured by estimating soil loadings onto plant surfaces from ti concentrations in plants. in 1994, two mulch doses were applied, 200 and 50 g m(-2), and we estimated the contribution of soil re ... | 2003 | 14594366 |
| possible evidence for transport of an iron cyanide complex by plants. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and wild cane (sorghum bicolor l.), were exposed to 15n-labeled ferrocyanide to determine whether these plant species can transport this iron cyanide complex. plants were treated with ferrocyanide in a nutrient solution that simulated iron cyanide contaminated groundwater and soil solutions. this nutrient solution has been shown to maintain ferrocyanide speciation with minimal dissociation to free cyanide. following treatment, all three plants ... | 2004 | 14568716 |
| damage potential of grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions. | we characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above- and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and canola (brassica campestris l.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central alaska. cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar melanoplus sanguinipes f. pot(-1). plants were harvested 22 d after planting. ste ... | 2003 | 14503591 |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify soluble beta-glucans in oats and barley. | a set of 31 murine monoclonal antibodies was produced against (1-->3,1-->4)beta-d-glucan from oats (avena sativa l.) chemically cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. monoclonal antibodies were tested for their cross-reactivity to related and unrelated polysaccharides. the antibodies reacted strongly to unmodified beta-glucan from oats and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and to lichenan from icelandic moss, a polysaccharide with a structure similar to that of beta-glucan but which is not encount ... | 2003 | 13129289 |
| integration, expression and inheritance of transgenes in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.). | two oat varieties, melys (spring variety) and bulwark (winter variety) were transformed by particle bombardment of primary embryogenic callus using either a ubi-bar-ubi-gus co-integration vector or co-transformed (melys) with a ubi-bar plasmid together with one of three plasmids containing the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene under the control of either a rice actin promoter, a camv35s promoter or a wheat high molecular weight glutenin promoter. morphologically normal and fertile transgenic plants ... | 2003 | 12964869 |
| reduction in the endogenous arginine decarboxylase transcript levels in rice leads to depletion of the putrescine and spermidine pools with no concomitant changes in the expression of downstream genes in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. | we investigated whether down-regulation of arginine decarboxylase (adc) activity and concomitant changes in polyamine levels result in changes in the expression of downstream genes in the polyamine pathway. we generated transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants in which the rice adc gene was down-regulated by expression of its antisense oat (avena sativa l.) ortholog. plants expressed the oat mrna adc transcript at different levels. the endogenous transcript was down-regulated in five out of eigh ... | 2003 | 12898254 |
| growth promotion and an increase in cell wall extensibility by silicon in rice and some other poaceae seedlings. | the effect of silicon on organ growth and its mechanisms of action were studied in rice ( oryza sativa l. cv. koshihikari), oat ( avena sativa l. cv. victory), and wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. daichino-minori) seedlings grown in the dark. applying silicon in the form of silicic acid to these seedlings via culture solution resulted in growth promotion of third (rice) or second (oat and wheat) leaves. the optimal concentration of silicon was 5-10 mm. no growth promotion was observed in early o ... | 2002 | 12884045 |
| captures of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) adults with pherocon am and vial traps in four crops in east central illinois. | it is hypothesized that the long-term rotation of maize (zea mays l.) and soybean (glycine max l.) in east central illinois has caused a significant change in the ovipositional behavior of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. since the mid 1990s in east central illinois, western corn rootworm adults have been observed feeding on soybean foliage and also now use soybean fields as egg laying sites. this behavioral adaptation has greatly decreased the effectiveness of ... | 2003 | 12852611 |
| expression of green fluorescent protein and its inheritance in transgenic oat plants generated from shoot meristematic cultures. | the expression of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and its inheritance were studied in transgenic oat ( avena sativa l.) plants transformed with a synthetic green fluorescent protein gene [sgfp(s65t)] driven by a rice actin promoter. in vitro shoot meristematic cultures (smcs) induced from shoot apices of germinating mature seeds of a commercial oat cultivar, garry, were used as a transformation target. proliferating smcs were bombarded with a mixture of plasmids containing the sgfp(s65t) gene an ... | 2003 | 12789450 |
| in vivo and in vitro effects of cadmium on h+ atpase activity of plasma membrane vesicles from oat (avena sativa l.) roots. | the effect of an in vivo and in vitro treatment with cadmium on transport activities of root plasma membrane enriched vesicles was studied in oat (avena sativa l. cv. argentina) plants. addition of 100 mumol/l cdso4 to nutrient solution decreases both proton transport activity and atpase activity to the same level. in vitro experiments show that cadmium seems to have a differential inhibiting effect on proton transport activity and atpase activity, the most pronounced one on atp-dependent h(+)-a ... | 2003 | 12756918 |
| molecular mapping of genomic regions underlying barley yellow dwarf tolerance in cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). | barley yellow dwarf (byd) is one of the most important viral diseases in small grains, including oat (avena sativa l.). breeding for byd tolerance is an effective and efficient means to control the disease. characterization of major sources of tolerance, and identification of marker and the trait associations, will directly benefit breeding for byd tolerance. genomic regions underlying byd tolerance were mapped and characterized in an oat population consisting of 152 recombinant inbred lines fro ... | 2003 | 12748782 |
| cys/gly-rich proteins with a putative single chitin-binding domain from oat (avena sativa) seeds. | through a reliable and repeatable procedure based on solid-phase extraction techniques, a protein fraction (p fraction) rich in cys/gly residues was extracted and captured from oat (avena sativa l.) seeds. quantitative amino acid analysis and ms of the p fraction indicated that it contains a series of heterogeneous cys/gly-rich proteins with molecular masses of 3.6-4.0 kda. preliminary results from bioassays showed that these proteins possess weak to moderate antifungal properties to some fungal ... | 2003 | 12737975 |
| purification and properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from avena sativa. | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh; ec 1.2.1.8) is the enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the osmoprotectant, glycine betaine. nad-dependent badh was purified from avena sativa shoots by deae sephacel, hydroxyapatite, 5'-amp sepharose 4b, mono q and tsk-gel column chromatographies to homogeneity by the criterion of native page, and the properties of badh were compared with those of aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase purified to homogeneity from a. sativa. the molecular mass est ... | 2003 | 12736784 |
| a genetic linkage map for hexaploid, cultivated oat (avena sativa l.) based on an intraspecific cross 'ogle/mam17-5'. | genetic research and breeding of oat ( avena sativa l.) would be aided by development of a genetic linkage map for a breeding population. such a map could be used for localization of qualitative and quantitative trait loci, marker-assisted selection and other genetic analysis in an adapted, agronomically useful background. the objectives of this research were to develop a genetic linkage map of hexaploid cultivated oat, to identify homoeologous relationships of linkage groups, and to compare hom ... | 2003 | 12721634 |
| mechanism of physiological effects of titanium leaf sprays on plants grown on soil. | titanium (ti) has significant biological effects on plants, being beneficial at low and toxic at higher concentrations. from results of our hydroponical experiment with oats, we have recently proposed that the effect called hormesis is the mechanism of ti action in plants. here, we present the experiment with oats (avena sativa l. cv. zlat'ák) grown on soil where ti was applied using leaf sprays. two different soils, three different concentrations of ti(iv) citrate spray solution (0, 20, and 50 ... | 2003 | 12719613 |
| apatite and phillipsite as sequestering agents for metals and radionuclides. | laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to quantify apatite and phillipsite (zeolite) sequestration of selected metal contaminants. the laboratory batch study measured the sorption of aqueous co2+, ba2+, pb2+, eu3+, and uo2(2+). apatite sorbed more co2+, pb2+, eu3+, and uo2(2+) from the spike solution than phillipsite, resulting in distribution coefficients (kd values) of >200,000 l kg(-1). phillipsite was more effective than apatite at sorbing aqueous ba2+. results from the laboratory ... | 2015 | 12708675 |
| cadmium contents of oats (avena sativa l.) in official variety, organic cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization trials during 1997-1999. | the cadmium (cd) contents of oats (avena sativa l.) in finland were examined over a 3 year period in three types of trials: official variety, organic vs conventional cultivation, and nitrogen fertilization trials. large seasonal and regional variations were found in the cd concentrations. in official variety trials, the mean cd contents in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were 0.046, 0.029, and 0.052 mg kg(-1) dry weight (dw), respectively, ranging from 0.008 to 0.120 mg kg(-1) dw. the concentrations were g ... | 2003 | 12696945 |
| mapping of low- and high-fluence autophosphorylation sites in phototropin 1. | phototropins, originally detected by their blue light-dependent autophosphorylation, are plant photoreceptors involved in several blue light responses such as phototropism, chloroplast relocation, leaf expansion, rapid inhibition of hypocotyl growth, and stomatal opening. three domains have been identified in phototropin sequences, two chromophore binding domains (lov1 and lov2) and a kinase domain. we describe here two additional domains, the n-terminus upstream of lov1 and the hinge region bet ... | 2003 | 12680776 |
| comparison of cytokinin-binding proteins from wheat and oat grains. | cytokinin-binding proteins (cbps) isolated from mature grains of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by acid precipitation, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography had similar characteristics, although they differed somewhat in apparent molecular weight of the native protein as determined by gel filtration (109 and 133 kda, respectively) and subunit size as estimated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (47 and 55 kda, respectively). highly purified oat cbp showed very w ... | 2003 | 12675735 |
| isolation and identification of triticeae chromosome 1 receptor-like kinase genes (lrk10) from diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species of the genus avena. | the dna sequence of an extracellular (exc) domain of an oat (avena sativa l.) receptor-like kinase (alrk10) gene was amplified from 23 accessions of 15 avena species (6 diploid, 6 tetraploid, and 3 hexaploid). primers were designed from one partial oat alrk10 clone that had been used to map the gene in hexaploid oat to linkage groups syntenic to triticeae chromosome 1 and 3. cluster (phylogenetic) analyses showed that all of the oat dna sequences amplified with these primers are orthologous to t ... | 2003 | 12669804 |
| a molecular marker map in 'kanota' x 'ogle' hexaploid oat (avena spp.) enhanced by additional markers and a robust framework. | molecular mapping of cultivated oats was conducted to update the previous reference map constructed using a recombinant inbred (ri) population derived from avena byzantina c. koch cv. kanota x avena sativa l. cv. ogle. in the current work, 607 new markers were scored, many on a larger set of ri lines (133 vs. 71) than previously reported. a robust, updated framework map was developed to resolve linkage associations among 286 markers. the remaining 880 markers were placed individually within the ... | 2003 | 12669794 |
| primary reactions of the lov2 domain of phototropin, a plant blue-light photoreceptor. | the phototropins constitute an important class of plant photoreceptor kinases that control a range of physiological responses, including phototropism, light-directed chloroplast movement, and light-induced stomatal opening. the lov2 domain of phototropin binds a molecule of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and undergoes a photocycle involving light-driven covalent adduct formation between a conserved cysteine residue and the c(4a) atom of fmn. this product state promotes c-terminal kinase activation ... | 2003 | 12653541 |
| changes in phosphorylation of 50 and 53 kda soluble proteins in graviresponding oat (avena sativa) shoots. | the present work indicates that phosphorylation of a 50 kda soluble protein is involved in the gravitropic response in graviresponsive pulvini of oat (avena sativa) stems. this 50 kda protein shows a differential pattern of phosphorylation between lower and upper halves of pulvini both in vivo and in vitro. the differential phosphorylation of this protein is detected only when stem segments are gravistimulated for short and long time periods. the differential phosphorylation of the 50 kda protei ... | 2003 | 12598571 |
| competence of oat ( avena sativa l.) shoot apical meristems for integrative transformation, inherited expression, and osmotic tolerance of transgenic lines containing hva1. | three oat ( avena sativa l.) cultivars have been successfully transformed using an efficient and reproducible in vitro culture system for differentiation of multiple shoots from shoot apical meristems. the transformation was performed using microprojectile bombardment with two plasmids (pby520 and pact1-d) containing linked ( hva1-bar) and non-linked ( gus) genes. the hva1 and bar genes cointegrated with a frequency of 100% as expected, and 61.6% of the transgenic plants carried all three genes. ... | 2002 | 12582520 |
| purification and properties of aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase from avena sativa. | nad-dependent aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (amadh, ec 1.2.1.-) from avena shoots was purified by deae sephacel, hydroxyapatite, 5'-amp sepharose 4b, mono q, and tsk-gel column chromatographies to homogeneity by the criterion of native page. sds-page yielded a single band at a molecular mass of 55 kda. ief studies showed a band with a p i value of 5.3. in contrast to amadhs from other species, the tsk-gel chromatography showed that avenaamadh exists as a monomer in the native state. the purified e ... | 2002 | 12579364 |
| avenanthramides in oats (avena sativa l.) and structure-antioxidant activity relationships. | eight avenanthramides, amides of anthranilic acid (1) and 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (2), respectively, and the four cinnamic acids p-coumaric (p), caffeic (c), ferulic (f), and sinapic (s) acid, were synthesized for identification in oat extracts and for structure-antioxidant activity studies. three compounds (2p, 2c, and 2f) were found in oat extracts. as assessed by the reactivity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), all avenanthramides except 1p showed activity. initially, the antioxi ... | 2003 | 12537428 |
| blue light perception in plants. detection and characterization of a light-induced neutral flavin radical in a c450a mutant of phototropin. | the lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin and its c450a mutant were expressed as recombinant fusion proteins and were examined by optical spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electron-nuclear double resonance. upon irradiation (420-480 nm), the lov2 c450a mutant protein gave an optical absorption spectrum characteristic of a flavin radical even in the absence of exogenous electron donors, thus demonstrating that the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor in its photogenerated tripl ... | 2003 | 12525505 |
| characterization of two phases of chlorophyll formation during greening of etiolated barley leaves. | the esterification kinetics of chlorophyllide, obtained by a single flash of light, were investigated in etiolated barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) and oat ( avena sativa l.) leaves. a rapid phase, leading to esterification of 15% of total chlorophyllide within 15-30 s, was followed by a lag-phase of nearly 2 min and a subsequent main phase, leading to esterification of 85% of total chlorophyllide within 30-60 min. the presence of additional protochlorophyllide, produced in the leaves by incubation ... | 2003 | 12520340 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of avena sativa l. cv. sunii and its monosomic lines using cloned repetitive dna sequences. | fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) employing multiple probes was used with mitotic or meiotic chromosome spreads of avena sativa l. cv. sunii and its monosomic lines to produce physical chromosome maps. the probes used were avena strigosa pas120a (which hybridizes exclusively to a-genome chromosomes), avena murphyi pam1 (which hybridizes exclusively to c-genome chromosomes), a. strigosa pas121 (which hybridizes exclusively to a- and d-genome chromosomes), and the wheat rdna probes pta71 an ... | 2002 | 12502269 |
| gramene, a tool for grass genomics. | gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice (oryza sativa). it combines a semi-automatically generated database of cereal genomic and expressed sequence tag sequences, genetic maps, map relations, and publications, with a curated database of rice mutants (genes and alleles), molecular markers, and proteins. gramene curators read and extract detailed information from published sources, summarize that information in a stru ... | 2002 | 12481044 |
| complex transgene locus structures implicate multiple mechanisms for plant transgene rearrangement. | to more fully characterize the internal structure of transgene loci and to gain further understanding of mechanisms of transgene locus formation, we sequenced more than 160 kb of complex transgene loci in two unrelated transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) lines transformed using microprojectile bombardment. the transgene locus sequences from both lines exhibited extreme scrambling of non-contiguous transgene and genomic fragments recombined via illegitimate recombination. a perfect direct repeat of ... | 2002 | 12445116 |
| direct capture and cloning of receptor kinase and peroxidase genes from genomic dna. | a direct dna capture and cloning procedure with magnetic bead separation was used to isolate receptor kinase like and peroxidase genes from oat (avena sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genomic dna, respectively. in this procedure, the digoxigenin-labeled probe dna and target genomic dna fragments were mixed, denatured, and hybridized. the double-helix complexes formed were captured with anti-digoxigenin immunoglobulin-coated magnetic beads and then cloned into either the lambdabluestar or ... | 2002 | 12416632 |
| serpins of oat (avena sativa) grain with distinct reactive centres and inhibitory specificity. | most proteinase inhibitors from plant seeds are assumed to contribute to broad-spectrum protection against pests and pathogens. in oat (avena sativa l.) grain the main serine proteinase inhibitors were found to be serpins, which utilize a unique mechanism of irreversible inhibition. four distinct inhibitors of the serpin superfamily were detected by native page as major seed albumins and purified by thiophilic adsorption and anion exchange chromatography. the four serpins osza-d are the first pr ... | 2002 | 12354191 |
| tropisms of avena coleoptiles: sine law for gravitropism, exponential law for photogravitropic equilibrium. | the quantitative relation between gravitropism and phototropism was analyzed for light-grown coleoptiles of avena sativa (l.). with respect to gravitropism the coleoptiles obeyed the sine law. to study the interaction between light and gravity, coleoptiles were inclined at variable angles and irradiated for 7 h with unilateral blue light (466 nm) impinging at right angles relative to the axis of the coleoptile. the phototropic stimulus was applied from the side opposite to the direction of gravi ... | 2002 | 12244443 |
| toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to plants (avena sativa, zea mays, triticum aestivum, and lactuca sativa). | influence of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) on the germination of seeds and growth of seedling plants were studied in laboratory experiments. test plants were wild oats (avena sativa), sweet corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), and lettuce (lactuca sativa). seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth of plants exposed to different concentrations of mtbe in a moist soil were examined. seed germination and seedling growth in mtbe-contaminated soil were markedly reduced in all test plant ... | 2002 | 12152769 |
| repetition of the classical boysen-jensen and nielsen's experiment on phototropism of oat coleoptiles. | the classical experiment of phototropic response as reported by boysen-jensen and nielsen (1926), which supports the cholodny-went theory, was repeated in detail. in the original experiment, etiolated oat (avena sativa l. cv. victory) coleoptiles with mica inserted into their tip only showed a positive response when the mica was placed parallel toward the light source and not if it was inserted perpendicularly. on the contrary, we found a positive response irrespective of whether the mica was in ... | 2000 | 12090269 |
| ethanol sensitivity of rice and oat coleoptiles. | the ability to avoid the ethanol-induced injury was evaluated in rice (oryza sativa l.) and oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles. the growth of the rice and oat coleoptiles was inhibited by ethanol exogenously applied at concentrations greater than 200 and 30 mm, respectively. at 300 mm ethanol, oat coleoptiles were brown and flaccid but rice coleoptiles did not show any visible symptoms of toxicity. the acetaldehyde level in rice and oat coleoptiles was increased by exogenously applied ethanol and ... | 2002 | 12010475 |
| isolation of a/d and c genome specific dispersed and clustered repetitive dna sequences from avena sativa. | dna gel-blot and in situ hybridization with genome-specific repeated sequences have proven to be valuable tools in analyzing genome structure and relationships in species with complex allopolyploid genomes such as hexaploid oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42; aaccdd genome). in this report, we describe a systematic approach for isolating genome-, chromosome-, and region-specific repeated and low-copy dna sequences from oat that can presumably be applied to any complex genome species. genome-spec ... | 2002 | 11962640 |
| effects of commercial processing on levels of antioxidants in oats (avena sativa l.). | the effects of various commercial hydrothermal processes (steaming, autoclaving, and drum drying) on levels of selected oat antioxidants were investigated. steaming and flaking of dehulled oat groats resulted in moderate losses of tocotrienols, caffeic acid, and the avenanthramide bp (n-(4'-hydroxy)-(e)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxy-anthranilic acid), while ferulic acid and vanillin increased. the tocopherols and the avenanthramides bc (n-(3',4'-dihydroxy-(e)-cinnamoyl-5-hydroxy-anthranilic acid) and bf ( ... | 2002 | 11902929 |
| modulating effects of oatmeal extracts in the sodium lauryl sulfate skin irritancy model. | the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of two topically applied oatmeal extracts, i.e. avena sativa and avena rhealba, using the sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) irritation model. at baseline, test areas on the volar surface of the upper arms of 12 healthy individuals were pretreated with the two extracts and their vehicle (petrolatum ointment) under occlusion for 2 h, and one site was left untreated. then a patch with a 1% sls solution was applied to the test sites ... | 2015 | 11867969 |
| [kinetics of mitotic rhythmic activity in oat (avena sativa) coleoptiles following irradiation]. | the analysis of different intensity (10-200 gy) irradiation influence on rhythmical processes in mitotic activity of oats coleoptiles was carries out. obtained results indicate that irradiation disorders phase and amplitude of the cell division rhythm in investigated material. this disturbance, as judged by doze dependence, is associated with unknown molecular structures. | 2015 | 11833332 |
| amelioration of nickel phytotoxicity in muck and mineral soils. | in situ remediation (phytostabilization) is a cost-effective solution for restoring the productivity of metal-contaminated soils and protection of food chains. a pot experiment with wheat (triticum aestivum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and redbeet (beta vulgaris l.) was conducted to test the ability of limestone and hydrous ferric oxide (hfo) to ameliorate ni phytotoxicity in two soils contaminated by particulate emissions from a nickel refinery. quarry muck (terric haplohemist; 72% organic matte ... | 2015 | 11790001 |
| molecular diversity and physical mapping of 5s rdna in wild and cultivated oat grasses (poaceae: aveneae). | 5s rdna repeats studied in five genera of aveneae have lengths between 285 and 329 bp (avena sativa, avena macrostachya, 26 species of helictotrichon, pseudarrhenatherum longifolium, lagurus ovatus, and trisetum spicatum). in only a single species (helictotrichon aetolicum) an additional repeat of 456 bp occurs infrequently. variation is largely due to insertions or deletions in the nontranscribed spacer as determined from sequences of 163 independent clones. the 5s gene of the aveneae studied i ... | 2001 | 11697916 |
| glycoside carbamates from benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one detoxification in extracts and exudates of corn roots. | zea mays was incubated with the natural phytotoxin benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) to investigate the detoxification process. a hitherto unknown detoxification product, 1-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-beta-gentiobioside 1,2-carbamate (3), was isolated and identified. a reinvestigation of known boa detoxification products by nmr methods led to the finding that the structure of benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one-n-beta-glucoside (1) first reported from avena sativa has to be revised. in fact, the correct struct ... | 2001 | 11672748 |
| an optomechanical transducer in the blue light receptor phototropin from avena sativa. | the phot1 (nph1) gene from avena sativa specifies the blue light receptor for phototropism, phototropin, which comprises two fmn-binding lov domains and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. light exposure is conducive to autophosphorylation of the protein kinase domain. we have reconstituted a recombinant lov2 domain of a. sativa phototropin with various (13)c/(15)n-labeled isotopomers of the cofactor, fmn. the reconstituted protein samples were analyzed by nmr spectroscopy under dark and l ... | 2001 | 11606742 |
| intracellular localization of phytochrome in robinia pseudoacacia pulvini. | the intracellular localization of phytochrome in the pulvini of robinia pseudoacacia l. was analyzed by immunogold electron microscopy after red (r; 15 min) and far-red (fr; 5 min) irradiation 2 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. screening of the available antibodies by immunoblotting demonstrated that none of the oat (avena sativa l.) anti-phytochrome a (phy a) monoclonal antibodies) (mabs) detected robinia phytochrome. a putative robinia phy a was detected by immunoblotting using a mab ... | 2001 | 11556789 |
| genomic interspersions determine the size and complexity of transgene loci in transgenic plants produced by microprojectile bombardment. | the structure of transgene loci in six transgenic allohexaploid oat (avena sativa l.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment was characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) on extended dna fibers (fiber-fish). the transgene loci in five lines were composed of multiple copies of delivered dna interspersed with genomic dna fragments ranging in size from ca. 3 kb to at least several hundred kilobases, and in greater numbers than detected using southern blot analysis. alt ... | 2001 | 11550906 |
| gravitropism and phototropism of oat coleoptiles: post-tropic autostraightening and tissue shrinkage during tropism. | we measured changes in length on the two opposite sides of the red-light-grown oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles subjected to either gravitropic or phototropic stimulation and subsequently rotated on a horizontal clinostat. the length measurement was conducted using three 5 mm-long zones delimited by ink markers from the tip. curvature of each zone was analyzed from the length difference between the two sides. gravitropism was induced by displacing the seedling from the vertical by 30 degrees or ... | 1999 | 11542618 |
| gravitropism of oat and wheat coleoptiles: dependence on the stimulation angle and involvement of autotropic straightening. | gravitropism of oat (avena sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles was investigated in relation to the displacement angle or to the initially set stimulation angle (sa). we measured curvature rates at the early phase of curvature, before it was affected by the drop in sa resulting from the curvature response itself. the plot of the rates against the sines of initial sas revealed similar curves for oats and wheat, which approached saturation as the sine increased to unity. the two ... | 1997 | 11536867 |
| exposure of oat seedlings to blue light results in amplified phosphorylation of the putative photoreceptor for phototropism and in higher sensitivity of the plants to phototropic stimulation. | dark recovery of blue light-induced in vitro phosphorylation in oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings after in vivo preirradiation with blue light revealed different recovery kinetics for the coleoptile base and tip. although, in both cases, maximum in vitro phosphorylation was observed 90 min after in vivo blue light treatment, the phosphorylation levels for the entire base were about 3-fold higher than those found in nonpreirradiated plants. the tip response only slightly exceeded that of the dark c ... | 1997 | 11536818 |
| asymmetric, blue light-dependent phosphorylation of a 116-kilodalton plasma membrane protein can be correlated with the first- and second-positive phototropic curvature of oat coleoptiles. | the possible correlation between blue light-dependent phosphorylation of a 116-kd protein and phototropic responses of etiolated oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings was tested by a micromethod for protein phosphorylation. quantitation of the basipetal distribution of this protein showed that the in vitro 32p phosphorylation values declined exponentially from tip to node, with more than 50% of the total label being found in the uppermost 5 mm. nonsaturating preirradiation of the coleoptiles in vivo r ... | 1997 | 11536817 |
| purification and biochemical properties of phytochromobilin synthase from etiolated oat seedlings. | plant phytochromes are dependent on the covalent attachment of the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore phytochromobilin (p phi b) for photoactivity. in planta, biliverdin ix alpha (bv) is reduced by the plastid-localized, ferredoxin (fd)-dependent enzyme p phi b synthase to yield 3z-p phi b. here, we describe the >50,000-fold purification of p phi b synthase from etioplasts from dark-grown oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) seedlings using traditional column chromatography and preparative electrophoresi ... | 2001 | 11500553 |
| evaluation and refinement of a continuous seed germination and early seedling growth test for the use in the ecotoxicological assessment of soils. | four higher plant species (avena sativa l., oat; lepidium sativum l., cress; brassica rapa metzg., turnip; and phaseolus vulgaris l., bush bean) and 15 soils including five mineral oil-contaminated soils were tested to assess a soil-based continuous seed germination and early seedling growth bioassay. seed germination was recorded and the shoot biomass of 14-day seedlings measured. an automatic self-watering system was compared with the daily hand watering. results obtained from this study show ... | 2001 | 11459155 |
| high frequency of cytogenetic aberration in transgenic oat (avena sativa l.) plants. | cytological abnormalities were observed in transgenic oat (avena sativa l. cv. gaf/park-1) produced by microprojectile bombardment of mature seed-derived highly regenerative tissues. of the plants from 48 independent transgenic lines examined, plants from only 20 lines (42%) were karyotypically normal (2n=6x=42) without detectable chromosomal aberrations; plants from 28 lines (58%) had chromosomal variation, i.e. aneuploids and structural changes. no significant difference in cytological aberrat ... | 2001 | 11448750 |
| tween-20 activates and solubilizes the mitochondrial membrane-bound, calmodulin dependent nad+ finase of avena sativa l. | among different treatments assayed, a mix of a nonionic detergent (5% tween-20) with 0.5 m nacl was found to solubilize a large part of the calmodulin-dependent nad+ kinase bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. it also stimulated its activity by increasing 7 times the maximal velocity. activity stimulation was also observed with phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and with reductants (hso3 and dtt). this solubilized nad+ kinase and the calmodulin-dependent cytosoluble isoform disp ... | 2001 | 11447505 |
| changes in starch content in oat (avena sativa) shoot pulvini during the gravitropic response. | in order to determine if components of the signal transduction pathway are involved in starch metabolism during the gravitropic response, the effects of inhibitors of phosphoprotein phosphatases and protein kinases (oa), and calcium channel blockers (lacl3), on gravitropic bending and starch levels in gravisensitive node/pulvini of oat shoots were examined. among the compounds tested, okadaic acid (oa) and lanthanum chloride (lacl3) showed the strongest inhibitory effects on the negative gravitr ... | 2001 | 11432919 |
| oxidative responses of resistant and susceptible cereal leaves to symptomatic and nonsymptomatic cereal aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) feeding. | the impact of the leaf-chlorosis-eliciting russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), and the nonchlorosis-eliciting bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.), feeding on d. noxia-susceptible and -resistant cereals was examined during the period (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 d after aphid infestation) that leaf chlorosis developed. after aphid number, leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, and fresh leaf weight were recorded on each sampling date, total protein content, peroxidase, catalase, and p ... | 2001 | 11425032 |
| bonding of hydroxycinnamic acids to lignin: ferulic and p-coumaric acids are predominantly linked at the benzyl position of lignin, not the beta-position, in grass cell walls. | a suspension in dichloromethane-water (18:1, v/v) of various fractions containing hydroxycinnamic acid ester-ether bridges between lignin and polysaccharides prepared from cell walls of matured oat (avena sativa l.) intemodes, and a solution of their acetates in the same solvent, were treated with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (ddq). this reagent selectively cleaves benzyl ether and ester linkages of negatively charged aromatic nuclei. the sample treated with ddq was directly hydroly ... | 2001 | 11423145 |
| a linkage map of hexaploid oat based on grass anchor dna clones and its relationship to other oat maps. | a cultivated oat linkage map was developed using a recombinant inbred population of 136 f6:7 lines from the cross 'ogle' x 'tam o-301'. a total of 441 marker loci, including 355 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers, 40 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps), 22 random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds), 7 sequence-tagged sites (stss), 1 simple sequence repeat (ssr), 12 isozyme loci, and 4 discrete morphological traits, was mapped. fifteen loci remained unlinked, and 4 ... | 2001 | 11341736 |