| qtl mapping of sclerotinia midstalk-rot resistance in sunflower. | in many sunflower-growing regions of the world, sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de bary is the major disease of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). in this study, we mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (qtl) involved in resistance to s. sclerotiorum midstalk rot and two morphological traits. a total of 351 f3 families developed from a cross between a resistant inbred line from the germplasm pool ndblos and the susceptible line cm625 were assayed for their parental f2 genotype at 117 c ... | 2004 | 15480534 |
| histopathology of sclerotinia sclerotiorum attack on flower parts of helianthus annuus heads in tolerant and susceptible varieties. | sunflower head rot is a major disease caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum. sunflower varieties which are tolerant to the fungus have been developed. the changes occurring in flower parts at different times after inoculation with pathogen ascospores were studied for two sunflower varieties (tolerant ha 302 and susceptible ha 89). in variety ha 302 there was cell collapse, changes in cell wall composition, and an increase in phenolic compounds in the tissues of corolla and style, which prevented th ... | 2004 | 15180158 |
| fungal populations on sunflower (helianthus annuus) anthosphere and their relation to susceptibility or tolerance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum attack. | analysis of the fungal flora from different floret parts of various sunflower (helianthus annuus) varieties showed that there are differences in both fungal species and frequency, depending on whether the sunflower variety is susceptible (sv) or tolerant (tv) to attack of the flower heads by the ascomycete pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum. the sunflower varieties analyzed were sv: ha 300 and z 20028, and tv: ha 302, z av 8410 and z 30629. the isolates showed different "in vitro" behavior as bio ... | 2001 | 11469762 |
| changes in cell membrane permeability in sunflower hypocotyls infected with sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | influx and efflux of water and urea and electrolyte leakage are less for sunflower (helianthus annuus) hypocotyl sections above lesions caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum than for those from healthy plants. urea uptake by sections above lesions is reduced (celery, squash, and tomato) or unchanged (bean) in other hosts after sclerotinia infection. efflux of urea from sunflower hypocotyls is biphasic, suggesting diffusion in series from two cellular compartments (cytoplasm and vacuole). efflux dur ... | 1972 | 16657961 |
| large-scale transcriptome comparison of sunflower genes responsive to verticillium dahliae. | sunflower verticillium wilt (svw) is a vascular disease caused by root infection with verticillium dahliae (v. dahlia). it is a serious threat to the yield and quality of sunflower. however, chemical and agronomic measures for controlling this disease are not effective. the selection of more resistant genotypes is a desirable strategy to reduce contamination. a deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis underlying sunflower verticillium wilt is necessary to accelerate breedin ... | 2017 | 28061745 |
| effects of nitric oxide on sunflower seedlings: a balance between defense and development. | nitric oxide (no) is a major plant signaling molecule that plays key roles during plant-pathogen interactions and plant development. previous work showed the participation of no in the development and lignin composition of sunflower roots. thereby, we have hypothesized that no applications could control the attack of the fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae in sunflowers. seedlings growing hydroponically were pretreated with no donors and further inoculated with the fungus. evaluation of disease ... | 2015 | 25875793 |
| the ability of plants to secrete proteases by roots. | the aim of our study was to find out if the culture medium of aseptically cultivated seedlings exhibits proteolytic activity and if this event is universal in angiospermous plants. seedlings of 15 agricultural and wild-living plant species were cultivated for 14days without any addition of nutrients. our studies showed that roots of higher plants could secrete proteases and that levels of proteolytic activity in the culture medium of individual species (and cultivars of the same species) could b ... | 2007 | 17761428 |
| report - screening of the anti-hyperglycemic activity of some medicinal plants of jordan. | diabetes represents a group of common diseases that are characterized by dysregulation of blood glucose levels. plants are traditionally used for management of diseases including diabetes. in this study, we screened the anti-diabetic effect of extracts of 21 plants grown in jordan. extracts of plants were screened for their antihyperglycemic activity. diabetes was induced in sprague dawley rats using alloxan. plant extracts were dosed at 1gm/kg. blood glucose was measured at baseline and at ever ... | 2017 | 28653938 |
| long term growth of crop plants on experimental plots created among slag heaps. | suppression of plant growth is a common problem in post-mining reclaimed areas, as coarse texture of soils may increase nitrate leaching. assessing feasibility of using solid waste (precipitated solid matter) produced by water and sewage treatment processes in field conditions is very important in mine soil reclamation. our work investigated the possibility of plant growth in a degraded site covered with sewage-derived sludge material. a test area (21m × 18m) was established on a mine soil heap. ... | 2018 | 28837874 |
| domesticated, genetically engineered, and wild plant relatives exhibit unintended phenotypic differences: a comparative meta-analysis profiling rice, canola, maize, sunflower, and pumpkin. | agronomic management of plants is a powerful evolutionary force acting on their populations. the management of cultivated plants is carried out by the traditional process of human selection or plant breeding and, more recently, by the technologies used in genetic engineering (ge). even though crop modification through ge is aimed at specific traits, it is possible that other non-target traits can be affected by genetic modification due to the complex regulatory processes of plant metabolism and ... | 2017 | 29259610 |
| contrasting responses of crop legumes and cereals to nitrogen availability. | in nonagricultural systems, the relationship between intrinsic water-use efficiency (wuei ) and leaf nitrogen (narea ) is known to be stronger for legumes than for nonlegumes. we tested whether these relationships are retained for major agricultural legumes and nonlegumes. we compared the response to n nutrition of wuei (and its component parts, photosynthesis (asat ) and stomatal conductance (gs )) for legumes cicer arietinum, glycine max, lupinus alba and vicia faba, nonlegume dicots brassica ... | 2017 | 29178286 |
| light response of sunflower and canola as affected by plant density, plant genotype and n fertilization. | crop response to light is an important parameter determining crop growth. three field (split plots) experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of plant density, plant genotype and n fertilization on the light absorption and light extinction of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and canola (brassica napus l.). a detailed set of plant growth, light absorption and crop yield and oil related parameters were determined. light was measured at noon during the sunny days with clear sky. in expe ... | 2017 | 28697475 |
| use of oleaginous plants in phytotreatment of grey water and yellow water from source separation of sewage. | efficient and economic reuse of waste is one of the pillars of modern environmental engineering. in the field of domestic sewage management, source separation of yellow (urine), brown (faecal matter) and grey waters aims to recover the organic substances concentrated in brown water, the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in the urine and to ensure an easier treatment and recycling of grey waters. with the objective of emphasizing the potential of recovery of resources from sewage management, a ... | 2017 | 28477822 |
| natural oils for skin-barrier repair: ancient compounds now backed by modern science. | natural plant oils are commonly used as topical therapy worldwide. they are usually easily accessible and are relatively inexpensive options for skin care. many natural oils possess specific compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-itch properties, making them attractive alternative and complementary treatments for xerotic and inflammatory dermatoses associated with skin-barrier disruption. unique characteristics of various oils are important when considering their ... | 2017 | 28707186 |
| the accumulation of deleterious mutations as a consequence of domestication and improvement in sunflowers and other compositae crops. | for populations to maintain optimal fitness, harmful mutations must be efficiently purged from the genome. yet, under circumstances that diminish the effectiveness of natural selection, such as the process of plant and animal domestication, deleterious mutations are predicted to accumulate. here, we compared the load of deleterious mutations in 21 accessions from natural populations and 19 domesticated accessions of the common sunflower using whole-transcriptome single nucleotide polymorphism da ... | 2015 | 25939650 |
| plant gnotobiology: epiphytic microbes and sustainable agriculture. | in 1963, a monograph by thomas d. luckey entitled germfree life and gnotobiology was published, with a focus on animals treated with microbes and reference to the work of louis pasteur (1822-1895). here, we review the history and current status of plant gnotobiology, which can be traced back to the experiments of jean-baptiste boussingault (1801-1887) published in 1838. since the outer surfaces of typical land plants are much larger than their internal areas, embryophytes "wear their guts on the ... | 2016 | 27830978 |
| effects of changes in leaf properties mediated by methyl jasmonate (meja) on foliar absorption of zn, mn and fe. | foliar fertilization to overcome nutritional deficiencies is becoming increasingly widespread. however, the processes of foliar nutrient absorption and translocation are poorly understood. the present study aimed to investigate how cuticular leaf properties affect the absorption of foliar-applied nutrients in leaf tissues. | 2017 | 28641371 |
| changes of metabolomic profile in helianthus annuus under exposure to chromium(vi) studied by caphplc-esi-qtof-ms and ms/ms. | the application of caphplc-esi-qtof-ms and ms/ms to study the impact of cr(vi) on metabolites profile in helianthus annuus is reported. germinated seeds were grown hydroponically in the presence of cr(vi) (25 mgcr/l) and root extracts of the exposed and control plants were analyzed by untargeted metabolomic approach. the main goal was to detect which metabolite groups were mostly affected by cr(vi) stress; two data analysis tools (profileanalysis, bruker, and online xcms) were used under criteri ... | 2017 | 29359067 |
| transcriptome changes induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) roots. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi are essential elements of soil fertility, plant nutrition and productivity, facilitating soil mineral nutrient uptake. helianthus annuus is a non-model, widely cultivated species. here we used an rna-seq approach for evaluating gene expression variation at early and late stages of mycorrhizal establishment in sunflower roots colonized by the arbuscular fungus rhizoglomus irregulare. mrna was isolated from roots of plantlets at 4 and 16 days after inoculation wit ... | 2018 | 29311719 |
| effect-directed analysis via hyphenated high-performance thin-layer chromatography for bioanalytical profiling of sunflower leaves. | high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc) coupled with effect-directed analysis was used for non-targeted screening of sunflower leaf extract for components exhibiting antioxidant, antibacterial and/or cholinesterase enzyme inhibitory effects. the active compounds were characterized by hptlc-electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (esi-hrms) and hptlc-direct analysis in real time (dart)-ms/ms. the latter ambient ionization technique (less soft than esi) resulted in oxi ... | 2018 | 29269147 |
| internalization of a sunflower mannose-binding lectin into phytopathogenic fungal cells induces cytotoxicity. | lectins are carbohydrate-affinity proteins with the ability to recognize and reversibly bind specific glycoconjugates. we have previously isolated a bioactive sunflower mannose-binding lectin belonging to the jacalin-related family called helja. despite of the significant number of plant lectins described in the literature, only a small group exhibits antifungal activity and the mechanism by which they kill fungi is still not understood. the aim of this work was to explore helja activity on plan ... | 2018 | 29223879 |
| differential sensitivity of light-harnessing photosynthetic events in wheat and sunflower to exogenously applied ionic and nanoparticulate silver. | potential impacts of inevitable leaks of silver nanoparticles (agnps) into environment on human beings need attention. owing to the vitality of photosynthesis in maintaining life and ecosystem functioning, impacts of exogenously applied nanoparticulate and ag+ on photosystem (ps)ii function, which governs overall photosynthesis, in wheat and sunflower were evaluated. psii efficiency and related chl a fluorescence kinetics of these two plants remained unaffected by agnps. however, ag+ caused a si ... | 2018 | 29220750 |
| phytocapping: an alternate cover option for municipal solid waste landfills. | landfill gases are produced due to biodegradation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (msw) when water comes into contact with buried wastes under prevailing anaerobic conditions. to minimize the percolation of water in landfills, the conventional approaches such as clay capping is still practised in india. as landfill gas extraction system is an expensive technique,'phytocapping' to mitigate landfill gases and to minimize percolation of water into the landfill can be one of the attract ... | 2017 | 29210331 |
| biomass allocation patterns are linked to genotypic differences in whole-plant transpiration efficiency in sunflower. | increased transpiration efficiency (the ratio of biomass to water transpired, te) could lead to increased drought tolerance under some water deficit scenarios. intrinsic (i.e., leaf-level) te is usually considered as the primary source of variation in whole-plant te, but empirical data usually contradict this assumption. sunflower has a significant variability in te, but a better knowledge of the effect of leaf and plant-level traits could be helpful to obtain more efficient genotypes for water ... | 2017 | 29204153 |
| radiation efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer impacts on sunflower crop in contrasting environments of punjab, pakistan. | sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) is the leading non-conventional oilseed crop in pakistan. nitrogen fertilizer can affect plant growth and productivity by changing canopy size which has an effect on the radiation use efficiency (rue) of the crop. the response of sunflower hybrids in terms of phenology, fraction of intercepted radiation (f i), and rue to nitrogenous rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) was studied in three field experiments conducted in three various environments: multan (ari ... | 2018 | 29103112 |
| osmotic and salt stresses modulate spontaneous and glutamate-induced action potentials and distinguish between growth and circumnutation in helianthus annuus seedlings. | action potentials (aps), i.e., long-distance electrical signals, and circumnutations (cn), i.e., endogenous plant organ movements, are shaped by ion fluxes and content in excitable and motor tissues. the appearance of aps and cn as well as growth parameters in seedlings and 3-week old plants of helianthus annuus treated with osmotic and salt stress (0-500 mosm) were studied. time-lapse photography and extracellular measurements of electrical potential changes were performed. the hypocotyl length ... | 2017 | 29093722 |
| a review of phytochemistry, metabolite changes, and medicinal uses of the common sunflower seed and sprouts (helianthus annuus l.). | the sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seed and sprout is a ubiquitous crop with abundant nutrients and biological activities. this review summarizes the nutritional and medical importance currently recognized but under-researched concerning both seed and sprout highlighting the potential benefits of their phytochemical constituents including phenolic acids, flavonoids and tocopherols. furthermore, the dynamic metabolite changes which occur during germination and biological activities are evaluate ... | 2017 | 29086881 |
| illumina sequencing of the chloroplast genome of common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.). | common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) is the most widespread weed and the most dangerous pollen allergenic plant in large areas of the temperate zone. since herbicides like psi and psii inhibitors have their target genes in the chloroplast genome, understanding the chloroplast genome may indirectly support the exploration of herbicide resistance and development of novel control methods. the aim of the present study was to sequence and reconstruct for the chloroplast genome of a. artemisiif ... | 2017 | 29085876 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in sunflower (helianthus annuus) leaves and roots under drought stress by rna sequencing. | sunflower is recognized as one of the most important oil plants with strong tolerance to drought in the world. in order to study the response mechanisms of sunflower plants to drought stress, gene expression profiling using high throughput sequencing was performed for seedling leaves and roots (sunflower inbred line r5) after 24 h of drought stress (15% peg 6000). the transcriptome assembled using sequences of 12 samples was used as a reference. | 2017 | 29071432 |
| intraspecific variation in embolism resistance and stem anatomy across four sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) accessions. | drought-induced xylem embolism is a key process closely related to plant mortality during extreme drought events. however, this process has been poorly investigated in crop species to date, despite the observed decline of crop productivity under extreme drought conditions. interspecific variation in hydraulic traits has frequently been reported, but less is known about intraspecific variation in crops. we assessed the intraspecific variability of embolism resistance in four sunflower (helianthus ... | 2017 | 29057474 |
| pilot scale aided-phytoremediation of a co-contaminated soil. | a pilot scale experiment was conducted to investigate the aided-phytoextraction of metals and the aided-phytodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (phc) in a co-contaminated soil. first, this soil was amended with compost (10% w/w) and assembled into piles (unp-10%c). then, a phyto-cap of medicago sativa l. either in monoculture (ms-10%c) or co-cropped with helianthus annuus l. as companion planting (msha-10%c) was sown on the topsoil. physico-chemical parameters and contaminants in the soil and ... | 2018 | 29054647 |
| different genetic architectures underlie crop responses to the same pathogen: the {helianthus annuus * phoma macdonaldii} interaction case for black stem disease and premature ripening. | phoma macdonaldii has been reported as the causal agent of black stem disease (bs) and premature ripening (pr) on sunflower. pr is considered as the most widespread and detrimental disease on sunflower in france. while genetic variability and qtl mapping for partial resistance of sunflower to stem, collar and roots attacks have been reported on plantlets in controlled conditions, this work aims to describe the genetic variability in a subset of a sunflower lines, and for the first time to map qt ... | 2017 | 29052528 |
| potential of three trap crops in managing nezara viridula (hemiptera: pentatomidae) on tomatoes in florida. | the southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.) (hemiptera: pentatomidae), is a serious insect pest of tomatoes in florida. in this study, we examined the use of three species of trap crops to manage n. viridula in north florida tomato crops in 2014 and 2015. we used striped sunflower (helianthus annuus) (asterales: asteraceae) and wild game feed sorghum (sorghum bicolor) (poales: poaceae) in both years, but different species of millet each year: browntop millet (panicum ramosum) (poales: poa ... | 2017 | 29040660 |
| evaluation of phytotherapy alternatives for controlling rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in vitro. | the objective of this study was to identify the main chemical components of the essential oil of cuminum cyminum l. (cumin) and of the fixed oils of bertholletia excelsa (brazil nut) and of helianthus annuus (sunflower seed). as well as testing the three oils and three different commercial synthetic acaricides against engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in order to explore their acaricidal efficacy. six different concentrations of the oils (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ ... | 2017 | 28977244 |
| drought-induced embolism in stems of sunflower: a comparison of in vivo micro-ct observations and destructive hydraulic measurements. | vulnerability curves (vcs) are a useful tool to investigate the susceptibility of plants to drought-induced hydraulic failure, and several experimental techniques have been used for their measurement. the validity of the bench dehydration method coupled to hydraulic measurements, considered as a 'golden standard', has been recently questioned calling for its validation with non-destructive methods. we compared the vcs of a herbaceous crop plant (helianthus annuus) obtained during whole-plant deh ... | 2017 | 28968592 |
| in vitro mutagenicity assay (ames test) and phytochemical characterization of seeds oil of helianthus annuus linné (sunflower). | the objective of this research was to investigate the genotoxic potential of the oil of h. annuus l. (sunflower) seeds via the ames test as well as its oxidative properties and lipid composition. the pre-incubation method, system metabolic activation (s9 fraction) and five s. typhimurium strains (ta97, ta98, ta100, ta1535 and ta102) were employed for the ames test. the oxidative stability and fatty acid composition were analyzed by standard methods and gas chromatography. a revertant analysis sh ... | 2016 | 28959599 |
| anti-gouty arthritis and antihyperuricemia effects of sunflower (helianthus annuus) head extract in gouty and hyperuricemia animal models. | this study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of sunflower (helianthus annuus) head extract (she) on gout. first, the components of sunflower head powder and she were analyzed systematically. she, especially sheb (extracted with 20% ethanol and 80% double-distilled water), strongly suppressed the swelling of the ankles in rats with acute gout induced by monosodium urate (msu) crystals and reduced the levels of uric acid and xanthine oxidase (xo) in mice ... | 2017 | 28929115 |
| exogenous ascorbic acid improves defence responses of sunflower (helianthus annuus) exposed to multiple stresses. | ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant that plays role both on growth and development and also stress response of the plant. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ascorbate on physiological and biochemical changes of sunflower that was exposed to multiple stresses. chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased and glutathione, ascorbate and malondialdehyde contents as well as antioxidant enzyme activities increased for sunflower plant that was exposed to 50 mm nacl and pend ... | 2017 | 28901807 |
| phosphate-arsenate relations to affect arsenic concentration in plant tissues, growth, and antioxidant efficiency of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) under arsenic stress. | relations between phosphate and arsenate are important but inconsistent to influence arsenic (as) phytotoxicity depending on many plant and soil factors. present research aimed to investigate the phosphate and arsenate interactions in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) grown in alkaline calcareous soil for 18 weeks under natural environmental conditions at three arsenate [0 (as0), 40 (as40), and 80 (as80) mg as kg-1 soil as sodium arsenate] and three phosphate [0 (p0), 100 (p100), and 200 (p200) m ... | 2017 | 28891014 |
| effects of supplement with sanitary landfill leachate in gas exchange of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seedlings under drought stress. | sanitary landfill leachate is one of the major problems arising from disposal of urban waste. sanitary landfill leachate may, however, have use in agriculture. this study, therefore, aimed to analyze initial plant growth and gas exchange in sunflower seedlings supplemented with sanitary landfill leachate and subjected to drought stress through variables of root fresh mass (rfm), shoot fresh mass (sfm), total fresh mass (tfm), relative chlorophyll content (cl), stomatal conductance (g s ), transp ... | 2017 | 28879487 |
| effects of antimony on redox activities and antioxidant defence systems in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) plants. | the alterations induced by the toxicity of antimony (sb) in the roots and leaves of sunflower plants were determined. the plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of sb, a heavy metal which reduces biomass production and growth. there was preferential accumulation of sb in the tissues of the roots, with the concentrations in the leaves being much lower. the accumulation of other mineral elements was also altered, especially that of fe and zn. chlorophyll content declined, a ... | 2017 | 28873463 |
| different histories of two highly variable ltr retrotransposons in sunflower species. | in the helianthus genus, very large intra- and interspecific variability related to two specific retrotransposons of helianthus annuus (helicopia and sure) exists. when comparing these two sequences to sunflower sequence databases recently produced by our lab, the helicopia family was shown to belong to the maximus/sire lineage of the sirevirus genus of the copia superfamily, whereas the sure element (whose superfamily was not even previously identified) was classified as a gypsy element of the ... | 2017 | 28867564 |
| glycoproteins and polysaccharides are the main class of active constituents required for lymphocyte stimulation and antigen-specific immune response induction by traditional medicinal herbal plants. | traditional herbal remedies stimulate and modulate the immune system, and it is thought that their glycoproteins and polysaccharides are responsible for this activity. we prepared crude water, protein, and polysaccharide extracts from atractylodes macrocephala koidz, helianthus annuus l., scutellaria barbata d. don, and hedyotis diffusa willd, respectively, and compared their immune-stimulating activities in vitro and in vivo. all protein and polysaccharide samples of the plants led to greater l ... | 2017 | 28816630 |
| assisted phytoremediation of a multi-contaminated soil: investigation on arsenic and lead combined mobilization and removal. | the removal of contaminants from an earthy matrix by phytoremediation requires the selection of appropriate plant species and a suitable strategy to be effective. in order to set up an assisted phytoremediation intervention related to a disused industrial site affected by an arsenic and lead complex contamination, an extensive experimental investigation on micro and mesocosm scale has been conducted. particular attention was given to the choice of plant species: using crop plants (lupinus albus, ... | 2017 | 28803155 |
| interactions of two novel stabilizing amendments with sunflower plants grown in a contaminated soil. | several efficient stabilizing amendments have been recently proposed for the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soils. however, information on their interactions with plants, which is a crucial factor in soil environments, are still scarce. an amorphous manganese oxide (amo) synthesized from organic compounds and nano zerovalent iron (nzvi) have been previously tested as promising stabilizing agents usable both for the stabilization of metals and as. experiments with rhizoboxes were perform ... | 2017 | 28802129 |
| root endophytic fungus piriformospora indica affected growth, cadmium partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of sunflower under cadmium toxicity. | cadmium (cd) pollution in the soil threatens the quality of environmental health, and deleteriously affects physiological activities of crops. symbiosis of endophytic fungi with various plants is a promising manner to improving numerous plant characteristics and remediating heavy metal-polluted soils. in this pot experiment, the influence of root endophyte fungus piriformospora indica on growth, physiological parameters and organs cd accumulation in sunflower cv. zaria plants under the toxic lev ... | 2017 | 28783599 |
| crambe (crambe abyssinica) and sunflower (helianthus annuus) protein concentrates: production methods and nutritional properties for use in fish feed. | the purpose of this study was to develop and improve protein concentration techniques for two industrial by-products with the potential for use in fish feed. in particular, we chemically characterized crambe meal and sunflower meal and their protein concentrates. three different protein concentration methods were tested: isoelectric ph (phi), acid ph and alkaline ph. for crambe and sunflower meals extraction using the phi method was most efficient in terms of protein yield and crude protein cont ... | 2017 | 28746613 |
| determination of drought tolerance related traits in helianthus argophyllus, helianthus annuus, and their hybrids. | drought is a major constraint for sunflower (helianthus annuus) production worldwide. drought tolerance traits have been identified in the related wild species helianthus argophyllus. this study was initiated to develop sunflower drought-tolerant genotypes by crossing cultivated sunflower with this species and analyze drought tolerance traits in the h. annuus and h. argophyllus populations, h. annuus intraspecific hybrids, and h. annuus × h. argophyllus interspecific hybrids along with the comme ... | 2017 | 28744179 |
| ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of helianthus annus. | the main aim of this current work is to extract pectin from waste heads of helianthus annus by ultrasound and optimize the process variables (ultrasound power (usp), ph, time of sonication (ts) and ratio of solid to liquid (rsl) on maximal recovery of pectin using central composite statistical experimental design. in addition to that, extracted pectin at optimal condition was characterized and compared with commercial pectin. the optimal extraction process condition was usp of 375w, ph of 3.2, t ... | 2017 | 28732917 |
| genome-wide analysis of allele frequency change in sunflower crop-wild hybrid populations evolving under natural conditions. | crop-wild hybridization occurs in numerous plant species and could alter the genetic structure and evolutionary dynamics of wild populations. studying crop-derived alleles in wild populations is also relevant to assessing/mitigating the risks associated with transgene escape. to date, crop-wild hybridization has generally been examined via short-term studies, typically within a single generation, focusing on few traits or genetic markers. little is known about patterns of selection on crop-deriv ... | 2017 | 28612961 |
| correction: metal accumulation by sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and the efficacy of its biomass in enzymatic saccharification. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175845.]. | 2017 | 28598981 |
| characterization of croatian rape (brassica sp.) honey by pollen spectrum, physicochemical characteristics, and multielement analysis by icp-oes. | rape (brassica sp.) unifloral honey from croatia was characterized by certain physicochemical parameters, micro- and macroelement content, and pollen spectrum, as determined in 21 honey samples. the brassica sp. pollen type was predominant in the analyzed samples and ranged between 60 and 98%, with trifolium spp., robinia pseudoacacia, rosaceae, helianthus annuus, salix spp., and taraxacum officinale as the main accompanying pollen types. the electrical conductivity mean value was 0.22 ± 0.05 ms ... | 2017 | 28573965 |
| μetal uptake by sunflower (helianthus annuus) irrigated with water polluted with chromium and nickel. | the water aquifers of the regions of asopos river in viotia and messapia in evia (greece) have been contaminated with hexavalent chromium (cr (vi)) and bivalent nickel (ni (ii)). given that these areas are the two biggest tuber producing regions of greece, in our previous work, the cross-contamination of the food chain with these two heavy metals was quantified. in the present study, the potential of sunflower (helianthus annuus) cultivation in these regions is evaluated. the scope of our study ... | 2017 | 28714908 |
| evaluating modern techniques for the extraction and characterisation of sunflower (hellianthus annus l.) seeds phenolics. | recently there is a great interest in using high energy techniques (het) which involve microwave or ultrasound-assisted extraction (mae and uae) for isolation of natural bioactive compounds from plant foods. such bioactive compounds are phenolics which were determined from sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) kernels and hulls (defatted) utilising two different high energy extraction techniques, ultrasound and microwave assisted solvent extraction. all samples were characterised by ultra-high-perfor ... | 2017 | 28672789 |
| sumo-dependent synergism involving heat shock transcription factors with functions linked to seed longevity and desiccation tolerance. | a transcriptional synergism between hahsfa9 (a9) and hahsfa4a (a4a) contributes to determining longevity and desiccation tolerance of sunflower (helianthus annuus, l.) seeds. potential lysine sumoylation sites were identified in a9 and a4a and mutated to arginine. we show that a9 is sumoylated in planta at k38. although we did not directly detect sumoylated a4a in planta, we provide indirect evidence from transient expression experiments indicating that a4a is sumoylated at k172. different combi ... | 2017 | 28659940 |
| recognition of orobanche cumana below-ground parasitism through physiological and hyper spectral measurements in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | broomrape (orobanche and phelipanche spp.) parasitism is a severe problem in many crops worldwide, including in the mediterranean basin. most of the damage occurs during the sub-soil developmental stage of the parasite, by the time the parasite emerges from the ground, damage to the crop has already been done. one feasible method for sensing early, below-ground parasitism is through physiological measurements, which provide preliminary indications of slight changes in plant vitality and producti ... | 2017 | 28638389 |
| use of blue-green fluorescence and thermal imaging in the early detection of sunflower infection by the root parasitic weed orobanche cumana wallr. | although the impact of orobanche cumana wallr. on sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) becomes evident with emergence of broomrape shoots aboveground, infection occurs early after sowing, the host physiology being altered during underground parasite stages. genetic resistance is the most effective control method and one of the main goals of sunflower breeding programmes. blue-green fluorescence (bgf) and thermal imaging allow non-destructive monitoring of plant diseases, since they are sensitive to ... | 2017 | 28572814 |
| phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and phytotoxic activity of corn (zea mays) extracts against some indicator species. | allelopathic effects of corn (zea mays) extracts was studied, against seed germination and seedling growth of phalaris minor, helianthus annuus, triticumaestivum, sorghum halepense, z. mays. bioassay results showed that aqueous extracts of corn root and shoot, markedly affected seed germination, and other parameters compared with related controls. preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloi ... | 2018 | 28562074 |
| seasonal variability of the parameters of the ball-berry model of stomatal conductance in maize (zea mays l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. | the ball-berry (bb) model of stomatal conductance (gs ) is frequently coupled with a model of assimilation to estimate water and carbon exchanges in plant canopies. the empirical slope (m) and 'residual' gs (g0 ) parameters of the bb model influence transpiration estimates, but the time-intensive nature of measurement limits species-specific data on seasonal and stress responses. we measured m and g0 seasonally and under different water availability for maize and sunflower. the statistical metho ... | 2017 | 28556410 |
| the effectiveness and efficiency of phytoremediation of a multicontaminated industrial site: porto marghera (venice lagoon, italy). | the venice lagoon is worldwide considered as a typical example of the human impact on the surrounding ecosystem. the development of the industrial zone of porto marghera begun in 1917 as an extension of the venice port, in order to sustain activities related to oil and coal, as well as to exploit the railway system. despite the recent decrease in the number of employees, porto marghera is still one of the most important chemical districts in italy. this study reports early results from the ongoi ... | 2017 | 28554021 |
| hydroquinone; a novel bioactive compound from plant-derived smoke can cue seed germination of lettuce. | plant-derived smoke has been known to play an important role in distribution and growth of vegetation. using a proficiently designed furnace, we extracted smoke from the leaves of four plant viz. helianthus annuus,aloe vera,ginkgo biloba, and cymbopogon jwarancusa. smoke dilutions obtained from these plants were obtained in different concentrations to identify potential lettuce growth promoting smoke solution. results revealed that smoke obtained from g. biloba significantly enhanced the lettuce ... | 2017 | 28553632 |
| the sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and asterid evolution. | the domesticated sunflower, helianthus annuus l., is a global oil crop that has promise for climate change adaptation, because it can maintain stable yields across a wide variety of environmental conditions, including drought. even greater resilience is achievable through the mining of resistance alleles from compatible wild sunflower relatives, including numerous extremophile species. here we report a high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (3.6 gigabases), together with extensive trans ... | 2017 | 28538728 |
| two proteins for the price of one: structural studies of the dual-destiny protein preproalbumin with sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1. | seed storage proteins are both an important source of nutrition for humans and essential for seedling establishment. interestingly, unusual napin-type 2s seed storage albumin precursors in sunflowers contain a sequence that is released as a macrocyclic peptide during post-translational processing. the mechanism by which such peptides emerge from linear precursor proteins has received increased attention; however, the structural characterization of intact precursor proteins has been limited. here ... | 2017 | 28536266 |
| influence of fumigants on sunflower seeds: characteristics of fumigant desorption and changes in volatile profiles. | fumigation of transport containers is common practice to protect stored products from pests. yet little is known about the desorption times and effects of the highly toxic gases used in this process. to shed light on the behavior of fumigants in real food, we treated sunflower seeds (helianthus annuus l.) with 100ppm phosphine (ph3), methyl bromide (mebr) or 1,2-dichloroethane (dce) for 72h. the compound concentrations in the air were then analyzed by thermal desorption/2d gas chromatography cou ... | 2017 | 28514707 |
| direct analyses of secondary metabolites by mass spectrometry imaging (msi) from sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) trichomes. | helianthus annuus (sunflower) displays non-glandular trichomes (ngt), capitate glandular trichomes (cgt), and linear glandular trichomes (lgt), which reveal different chemical compositions and locations in different plant tissues. with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi) and laser desorption/ionization (ldi) mass spectrometry imaging (msi) techniques, efficient methods were developed to analyze the tissue distribution of secondary metabolites (flavonoids and sesquiterpenes) and p ... | 2017 | 28489027 |
| metal accumulation by sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and the efficacy of its biomass in enzymatic saccharification. | accumulation of metal contaminants in soil as a result of various industrial and anthropogenic activities has reduced soil fertility significantly. phytoextraction of metal contaminants can improve soil fertility and provide inexpensive feedstock for biorefineries. we investigated the hyperaccumulation capacity of sunflower (helianthus annuus) biomass by cultivating these plants in various concentrations of metal contaminants. sunflowers were grown in soils contaminated with various levels of he ... | 2017 | 28437478 |
| excess diffuse light absorption in upper mesophyll limits co2 drawdown and depresses photosynthesis. | in agricultural and natural systems, diffuse light can enhance plant primary productivity due to deeper penetration into and greater irradiance of the entire canopy. however, for individual sun-grown leaves from three species, photosynthesis is actually less efficient under diffuse compared with direct light. despite its potential impact on canopy-level productivity, the mechanism for this leaf-level diffuse light photosynthetic depression effect is unknown. here, we investigate if the spatial d ... | 2017 | 28432257 |
| applying 'drought' to potted plants by maintaining suboptimal soil moisture improves plant water relations. | pot-based phenotyping of drought response sometimes maintains suboptimal soil water content by applying high-frequency deficit irrigation (hfdi). we examined the effect of this treatment on water and abscisic acid (aba) relations of two species (helianthus annuus and populus nigra). suboptimal soil water content was maintained by frequent irrigation, and compared with the effects of withholding water and with adequate irrigation. at the same average whole-pot soil moisture, frequent irrigation r ... | 2017 | 28419363 |
| genetic progress in sunflower crop in rio grande do sul state, brazil. | the sunflower has adaptability to growing regions with different climatic and soil characteristics, showing drought tolerance and high-quality oil production. the state of rio grande do sul is the third largest sunflower producer in brazil, with research related to the sunflower breeding initiated after the decade of 1950. the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic progress for grain yield, oil content, and oil yield of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) in the state of rio grande do sul. d ... | 2017 | 28407182 |
| the influences of cr-tolerant rhizobacteria in phytoremediation and attenuation of cr (vi) stress in agronomic sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | chromium contamination of agronomic soil has to turn into a serious global problem. this research was pointed to assess the effects of three cr-tolerant rhizobacteria (ss1, ss3, and ss6) on sunflower growth and heavy metal uptake under cr smog i.e. 20, 30 and 40 ppm using k2cr2o7. root promotion assay and pot experiment were conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of cr tolerance rhizobacteria and cr accumulation capacity of sunflower. from root promotion assay non-significant variatio ... | 2017 | 28364646 |
| physiological role of exogenous nitric oxide in improving performance, yield and some biochemical aspects of sunflower plant under zinc stress. | the present study was undertaken to examine the possible roles of sodium nitroprusside in protection against oxidative damage due to zinc toxicity in sunflower plants. physiochemical parameters in sunflower plants exposed to zn2+ (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg soil) alone or combined with snp were measured. the results showed that excess of zn decreased plant growth, seed yield components and photosynthetic pigments content. on the other hand, zn stress increased the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants ... | 2017 | 28322087 |
| evidence for ancient origins of bowman-birk inhibitors from selaginella moellendorffii. | bowman-birk inhibitors (bbis) are a well-known family of plant protease inhibitors first described 70 years ago. bbis are known only in the legume (fabaceae) and cereal (poaceae) families, but peptides that mimic their trypsin-inhibitory loops exist in sunflowers (helianthus annuus) and frogs. the disparate biosynthetic origins and distant phylogenetic distribution implies these loops evolved independently, but their structural similarity suggests a common ancestor. targeted bioinformatic search ... | 2017 | 28298518 |
| melatonin and nitric oxide regulate sunflower seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential expression of cu/zn sod and mn sod. | salinity results in significant reduction in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seedling growth and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). present work highlights the possible role of melatonin as an antioxidant through its interaction with nitric oxide (no), and as an early and long distance nacl-stress sensing signaling molecule in seedling cotyledons. exogenous melatonin (15µm)±nacl (120mm) inhibit seedling growth, which is also correlated with no availability, accumulation of p ... | 2017 | 28254544 |
| seed-specific transcription factor hsfa9 links late embryogenesis and early photomorphogenesis. | hsfa9 is a seed-specific transcription factor that in sunflower (helianthus annuus) is involved in desiccation tolerance and longevity. here we show that the constitutive overexpression of hsfa9 in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) seedlings attenuated hypocotyl growth under darkness and accelerated the initial photosynthetic development. plants overexpressing hsfa9 increased accumulation of carotenoids, chlorophyllide, and chlorophyll, and displayed earlier unfolding of the cotyledons. hsfa9 enhanced ... | 2017 | 28207924 |
| ethnomedicinal uses of plants for the treatment of malaria in soon valley, khushab, pakistan. | to best of our knowledge this is the first quantitative ethno-medicinal study with the aim of documenting the indigenous knowledge and practices of using plants for malarial therapy in soon valley, khushab, pakistan. in this valley, malaria is among the major public health problems but, until now, the population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for treatment. | 2017 | 28192202 |
| triploid production from interspecific crosses of two diploid perennial helianthus with diploid cultivated sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | wild helianthus species are a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated sunflower. we report the discovery and characterization of a unique high frequency production of triploids when cultivated sunflower was pollinated by specific accessions of diploid helianthus nuttallii t. & g. and h. maximiliani schr. genomic in situ hybridization (gish) analyses indicated that the triploid f1s had two genomes from the wild pollen sources and one from the cultivated line. mitotic chromosom ... | 2017 | 28179393 |
| regulation of reserve mobilisation in sunflower during late seedling establishment in continuous darkness. | reserve mobilisation, metabolite partitioning and reserve-degrading enzyme activity were studied in sunflower seedlings cultivated in vitro under a 12-h photoperiod or in the dark to investigate the involvement of source-sink relation and carbon starvation in the regulation of reserve mobilisation under continuous darkness. reserves, metabolites and enzyme activity were determined with standard spectrophotometric methods. at the first 24 h of treatment (acclimation phase), darkness did not affec ... | 2017 | 28039918 |
| molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis, and expression patterns of lateral suppressor-like and regulator of axillary meristem formation-like genes in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | the wild sunflower (helianthus annuus) plants develop a highly branched form with numerous small flowering heads. the origin of a no branched sunflower, producing a single large head, has been a key event in the domestication process of this species. the interaction between hormonal factors and several genes organizes the initiation and outgrowth of axillary meristems (ams). from sunflower, we have isolated two genes putatively involved in this process, lateral suppressor (ls)-like (ha-lsl) and ... | 2017 | 28035495 |
| quantitative limitations to photosynthesis in k deficient sunflower and their implications on water-use efficiency. | potassium (k) is crucial for crop growth and is strongly related to stress tolerance and water-use efficiency (wue). a major physiological effect of k deficiency is the inhibition of net co2 assimilation (an) during photosynthesis. whether this reduction originates from limitations either to photochemical energy conversion or biochemical co2 fixation or from a limitation to co2 diffusion through stomata and the leaf mesophyll is debated. in this study, limitations to photosynthetic carbon gain o ... | 2017 | 28012363 |
| genome-wide genotyping-by-sequencing data provide a high-resolution view of wild helianthus diversity, genetic structure, and interspecies gene flow. | wild sunflowers harbor considerable genetic diversity and are a major resource for improvement of the cultivated sunflower, helianthus annuus. the helianthus genus is also well known for its propensity for gene flow between taxa. | 2016 | 27965242 |
| phytoremediation-biorefinery tandem for effective clean-up of metal contaminated soil and biomass valorisation. | during the last few decades, phytoremediation process has attracted much attention because of the growing concerns about the deteriorating quality of soil caused by anthropogenic activities. here, a tandem phytoremediation/biorefinery process was proposed as a way to turn phytoremediation into a viable commercial method by producing valuable chemicals in addition to cleaned soil. two agricultural plants (sinapis alba and helianthus annuus) were grown in moderately contaminated soil with ca. 100 ... | 2017 | 27936864 |
| plant domestication and the assembly of bacterial and fungal communities associated with strains of the common sunflower, helianthus annuus. | root and rhizosphere microbial communities can affect plant health, but it remains undetermined how plant domestication may influence these bacterial and fungal communities. we grew 33 sunflower (helianthus annuus) strains (n = 5) that varied in their extent of domestication and assessed rhizosphere and root endosphere bacterial and fungal communities. we also assessed fungal communities in the sunflower seeds to investigate the degree to which root and rhizosphere communities were influenced by ... | 2017 | 27879004 |
| reliable method for assessing seed germination, dormancy, and mortality under field conditions. | we describe techniques for approximating seed bank dynamics over time using helianthus annuus as an example study species. strips of permeable polyester fabric and glue can be folded and glued to construct a strip of compartments that house seeds and identifying information, while allowing contact with soil leachate, water, microorganisms, and ambient temperature. strips may be constructed with a wide range of compartment numbers and sizes and allow the researcher to house a variety of genotypes ... | 2016 | 27842344 |
| range-wide phenotypic and genetic differentiation in wild sunflower. | divergent phenotypes and genotypes are key signals for identifying the targets of natural selection in locally adapted populations. here, we used a combination of common garden phenotyping for a variety of growth, plant architecture, and seed traits, along with single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping to characterize range-wide patterns of diversity in 15 populations of wild sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) sampled along a latitudinal gradient in central north america. we analyzed geograp ... | 2016 | 27829377 |
| estimation of diversity and combining abilities in helianthus annuus l. under water stress and normal conditions. | sunflower cannot produce high yields under water-limiting conditions. the aim of the present study was to prevent the impediments on yield and to develop varieties with high-yield potential under water scarce conditions. for achieving this objective, it is necessary to detect parents with desirable traits that mainly depend on the action of genes controlling the trait under improvement, combining ability, and genetic makeup of the parents. heterosis can also be used to pool the desirable genes f ... | 2016 | 27813567 |
| genetic analysis of proline concentration under osmotic stress in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | proline concentration has been often suggested as an indicator of osmotic stress. a better understanding of the genetics of this trait is however needed. in the present study, proline concentration has been assessed, together with root and stem growth, potassium, calcium and total soluble sugars concentration and stress injury symptoms, in seedlings of sunflower hybrids and their parents grown under control and osmotic conditions. proline strongly accumulated with osmotic stress. its concentrati ... | 2016 | 27795671 |
| oxygen toxicity and antioxidative responses in arsenic stressed helianthus annuus l. seedlings against uv-b. | in order to know the impact of elevated level of uv-b on arsenic stressed helianthus annuus l. var. drsf-113 plants, certain physiological (growth - root and shoot lengths, their fresh masses and leaf area; photosynthetic competence and respiration) and biochemical parameters (pigments - chl a and b, car, anthocyanin and flavonoids; reactive oxygen species - superoxide radicals, h2o2; reactive carbonyl group, electrolyte leakage; antioxidants - superoxide dismutase, peroxidise, catalase, glutath ... | 2016 | 27768954 |
| natural structural diversity within a conserved cyclic peptide scaffold. | we recently isolated and described the evolutionary origin of a diverse class of small single-disulfide bonded peptides derived from preproalbumin with sfti-1 (paws1) proteins in the seeds of flowering plants (asteraceae). the founding member of the paws derived peptide (pdp) family is the potent trypsin inhibitor sfti-1 (sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1) from helianthus annuus, the common sunflower. here we provide additional structures and describe the structural diversity of this new class of sm ... | 2017 | 27695949 |
| physiological and biochemical responses of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) exposed to nano-ceo2 and excess boron: modulation of boron phytotoxicity. | little is known about the interaction of nanoparticles (nps) with soil constituents and their effects in plants. boron (b), an essential micronutrient that reduces crop production at both deficiency and excess, has not been investigated with respect to its interaction with cerium oxide nps (nano-ceo2). considering conflicting results on the nano-ceo2 toxicity and protective role as antioxidant, their possible modulation on b toxicity in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) was investigated. sunflowe ... | 2017 | 27665987 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequence of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). | this is the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence for sunflower and the first complete mitochondrial genome for any member of asteraceae, the largest plant family, which includes over 23,000 named species. the master circle is 300,945-bp long and includes 27 protein-coding sequences, 18 trnas, and the 26s, 5s, and 18s rrnas. | 2016 | 27635002 |
| assessment of nitrogen losses through nitrous oxide from abattoir wastewater-irrigated soils. | the land disposal of waste and wastewater is a major source of n2o emission. this is due to the presence of high concentrations of nitrogen (n) and carbon in the waste. abattoir wastewater contains 186 mg/l of n and 30.4 mg/l of p. the equivalent of 3 kg of abattoir wastewater-irrigated soil was sieved and taken in a 4-l plastic container. abattoir wastewater was used for irrigating the plants at the rates of 50 and 100 % field capacity (fc). four crop species were used with no crop serving as a ... | 2016 | 27557966 |
| adaptation to high temperature mitigates the impact of water deficit during combined heat and drought stress in c3 sunflower and c4 maize varieties with contrasting drought tolerance. | heat and drought stress frequently occur together, however, their impact on plant growth and photosynthesis (pn ) is unclear. the frequency, duration and severity of heat and drought stress events are predicted to increase in the future, having severe implications for agricultural productivity and food security. to assess the impact on plant gas exchange, physiology and morphology we grew drought tolerant and sensitive varieties of c3 sunflower (helianthus annuus) and c4 maize (zea mays) under c ... | 2017 | 27535211 |
| aseptic hydroponics to assess rhamnolipid-cd and rhamnolipid-zn bioavailability for sunflower (helianthus annuus): a phytoextraction mechanism study. | the availability of cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) to sunflower (helianthus annuus) was investigated in rhamnolipid- and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta)-buffered solutions in order to evaluate the influence of aqueous speciation of the metals on their uptake by the plant, in relation to predictions of uptake by the free ion activity model (fiam). free metal ion activity was estimated using the chemical equilibrium program minteq or measured by donnan dialysis. the uptake of cd followed the fi ... | 2016 | 27502457 |
| identification and characterization of contrasting sunflower genotypes to early leaf senescence process combining molecular and physiological studies (helianthus annuus l.). | leaf senescence is a complex mechanism ruled by multiple genetic and environmental variables that affect crop yields. it is the last stage in leaf development, is characterized by an active decline in photosynthetic rate, nutrients recycling and cell death. the aim of this work was to identify contrasting sunflower inbred lines differing in leaf senescence and to deepen the study of this process in sunflower. ten sunflower genotypes, previously selected by physiological analysis from 150 inbred ... | 2016 | 27457982 |
| detection of herbicide effects on pigment composition and psii photochemistry in helianthus annuus by raman spectroscopy and chlorophyll a fluorescence. | the effects of herbicides from three mode-of-action groups - inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (carfentrazone-ethyl), inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis (mesotrione, clomazone, and diflufenican), and inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (amidosulfuron) - were studied in sunflower plants (helianthus annuus). raman spectroscopy, chlorophyll fluorescence (chlf) imaging, and uv screening of chlf were combined to evaluate changes in pigment composition, photosystem ii (psii) photochemistry, ... | 2017 | 27450121 |
| abattoir wastewater irrigation increases the availability of nutrients and influences on plant growth and development. | this study evaluated the effects of abattoir wastewater irrigation on plant growth and development. the soils used in this study were collected from primo smallgoods abattoir (port wakefield, south australia) at different sites such as currently irrigated (ci), currently not irrigated (cni) and soil outside the irrigation area as control (ctrl). a completely randomised block design was employed for the plant growth experiment, where four crops (pennisetum purpureum, medicago sativa, sinapis alba ... | 2017 | 27440946 |
| melatonin and nitric oxide modulate glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity in sunflower seedling cotyledons accompanying salt stress. | the present findings demonstrate significant modulation of total glutathione content, reduced glutathione (gsh) content, oxidized glutathione (gssg) content, gsh/gssg ratio and glutathione reductase (gr; ec 1.6.4.2) activity in dark-grown seedling cotyledons in response to salt-stress (120 mm nacl) in sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) seedlings. a differential spatial distribution of gr activity (monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopic (clsm) imaging) is also evident. melatonin and nitri ... | 2016 | 27432590 |
| effects of sewage sludge fertilizer on heavy metal accumulation and consequent responses of sunflower (helianthus annuus). | use of sewage sludge, a biological residue produced from sewage treatment processes in agriculture, is an alternative disposal technique of waste. to study the usefulness of sewage sludge amendment for helianthus annuus, a pot experiment was conducted by mixing sewage sludge at 2.5, 5, and 7.5 % (w/w) amendment ratios to the agricultural soil. soil ph decreased whereas electrical conductivity, organic matter, total n, available p, and exchangeable na, k, and ca increased in soil amended with sew ... | 2016 | 27430654 |
| assessing the effects of heavy metals in acc deaminase and iaa production on plant growth-promoting bacteria. | this study poses a methodology in order to simultaneously quantify acc deaminase and iaa levels in the same culture medium. ten bacterial strains isolated from plant rhizosphere naturally settled in mining residues were chosen. these bacterial strains were characterized as pgpb, and all of them showed at least three characteristics (indole-3 acetic acid and siderophore production, acc deaminase enzyme activity, and inorganic phosphate solubilization). taxonomic identification showed that the str ... | 2017 | 27296962 |
| novel fibonacci and non-fibonacci structure in the sunflower: results of a citizen science experiment. | this citizen science study evaluates the occurrence of fibonacci structure in the spirals of sunflower (helianthus annuus) seedheads. this phenomenon has competing biomathematical explanations, and our core premise is that observation of both fibonacci and non-fibonacci structure is informative for challenging such models. we collected data on 657 sunflowers. in our most reliable data subset, we evaluated 768 clockwise or anticlockwise parastichy numbers of which 565 were fibonacci numbers, and ... | 2016 | 27293788 |