| kinetics of gibberella fujikuroi growth and gibberellic acid production by solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed column bioreactor. | in this work the growth of gibberella fujikuroi and gibberellic acid (ga3) production were studied using coffee husk and cassava bagasse as substrates in a packed-bed column bioreactor connected to a gas chromatograph for exit gas analysis. with the respirometric data, a logarithmic correlation between accumulated co2 and biomass production was determined, and the kinetics of the fungal growth was compared for estimated and experimental data. the solid medium consisted of coffee husk (pretreated ... | 2004 | 15458329 |
| both indian cassava mosaic virus and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus are found in india and exhibit high variability as assessed by pcr-rflp. | the biodiversity of geminiviruses associated with the cassava mosaic disease (cmd) in india was investigated using pcr to specifically amplify the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) or sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) and also by using pcr to amplify specific viral genes, followed by digestion with different restriction endonucleases to obtain polymorphic patterns (pcr-rflp). results showed that both icmv and slcmv were present in mosaic-affected cassava; icmv was geographically re ... | 2005 | 15503225 |
| a comparison of constitutive promoters for expression of transgenes in alfalfa (medicago sativa). | the activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. three promoters, the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (scbv) promoter were each fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) gene. the highest gus enzyme activity was obtained using the csvmv promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. the 35s ... | 2004 | 15517994 |
| neurochemical and behavioural correlates in cassava-induced neurotoxicity in rats. | chronic cyanide intoxication from cassava has been implicated as the cause for a degenerative neuropathy known widely as tropical ataxic neuropathy. an attempt has been made in this study to identify the specific cause for neuropathy caused by cassava using wistar strain albino rats as the experimental animal model. the results of cassava fed animals were compared with control animals, animals given cyanide, malnourished animals and malnourished animals fed cyanide, to identify the causative fac ... | 2000 | 15545004 |
| rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3, a bacterium producing a nitrile hydratase. | rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3 was isolated from an arable land of manioc from the congo for its ability to transform acrylonitrile to acrylamide. this strain contains a cobalt nitrile hydratase (nhase) showing high sequence homology with nhases so far described. the specific nhase activity was 97 u mg(-1) dry wt. nhase production by r. pyridinovorans mw3 was urea and co-dependent. the nhase was active for acrylamide up to 60% (w/v) indicating its potential for acrylamide production. | 2004 | 15604767 |
| a unigene catalogue of 5700 expressed genes in cassava. | two economically important characters, starch content and cassava bacterial blight resistance, were targeted to generate a large collection of cassava ests. two libraries were constructed from cassava root tissues of varieties with high and low starch contents. other libraries were constructed from plant tissues challenged by the pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv.manihotis. we report here the single pass sequencing of 11,954 cdna clones from the 5' ends, including 111 from the 3' ends. cluster ... | 2004 | 15630618 |
| recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis-cassava interaction. | cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), is a widespread disease that affects cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). studies on the pathogen population structure, pathogen diagnosis, identification and expression of plant genes involved in resistance have been carried out. different molecular techniques were developed to assess the genetic diversity among the xampopulations. characterization of xam population dynamics over time had enable us to determine the d ... | 2004 | 15630621 |
| cassava mosaic geminiviruses in africa. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) (geminiviridae:begomovirus) is undoubtedly the most important constraint to the production of cassava in africa at the outset of the 21st century. although the disease was recorded for the first time in the latter part of the 19th century, for much of the intervening period it has been relatively benign in most of the areas where it occurs and has generally been considered to be of minor economic significance. towards the ... | 2004 | 15630622 |
| broad spectrum resistance to ssdna viruses associated with transgene-induced gene silencing in cassava. | geminiviruses are ssdna viruses that infect a range of economically important crop species. we have developed a pathogen-derived transgenic approach to generate high levels of resistance against these pathogens in a susceptible cultivar of cassava (manihot esculenta). integration of the ac1 gene (which encodes the replication-associated protein) from african cassava mosaic virus imparted resistance against the homologous virus and provided strong cross-protection against two heterologous species ... | 2004 | 15630623 |
| a geminivirus-induced gene silencing system for gene function validation in cassava. | we have constructed an african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) based gene-silencing vector as a reverse genetics tool for gene function analysis in cassava. the vector carrying a fragment from the nicotiana tabacum sulfur gene (su), encoding one unit of the chloroplast enzyme magnesium chelatase, was used to induce the silencing of the cassava orthologous gene resulting in yellow-white spots characteristic of the inhibition of su expression. this result suggests that well developed sequence database ... | 2004 | 15630624 |
| effects of fresh cassava tops on rumen environment parameters, thyroid gland hormones and liver enzymes of local yellow cattle fed urea-treated fresh rice straw. | in a 4 x 4 latin square design study, four rumen-cannulated local yellow cattle, average weight 330 kg, were fed urea-treated fresh rice straw (ufrs) ad libitum and given 1 kg cassava root meal daily as basal diet in each 30-day trial period. four treatment levels of crude protein of fresh cassava tops (fct) were supplied: 0 (fct0), 50 (fct50), 100 (fct100) and 150 g (fct150) crude protein per 100 kg body weight. the results showed a continuous decrease in dry matter intake (dmi) of ufrs with in ... | 2004 | 15643811 |
| cassava biology and physiology. | cassava or manioc (manihot esculenta crantz), a perennial shrub of the new world, currently is the sixth world food crop for more than 500 million people in tropical and sub-tropical africa, asia and latin america. it is cultivated mainly by resource-limited small farmers for its starchy roots, which are used as human food either fresh when low in cyanogens or in many processed forms and products, mostly starch, flour, and for animal feed. because of its inherent tolerance to stressful environme ... | 2004 | 15669146 |
| production of high-purity isomalto-oligosaccharides syrup by the enzymatic conversion of transglucosidase and fermentation of yeast cells. | a method for the production of high-purity isomalto-oligosaccharides (imo) involving the transglucosylation by transglucosidase and yeast fermentation was proposed. the starch of rice crumbs was enzymatically liquefied and saccharified, and then converted to low-purity imo syrup by transglucosylation. the low-purity imo produced either from rice crumbs or tapioca flour as the starch source could be effectively converted to high-purity imo by yeast fermentation to remove the digestible sugars inc ... | 2005 | 15672377 |
| production of gliotoxin on natural substrates by trichoderma virens. | gliotoxin, an epithiodiketopiperazine toxin produced by the "q" strain of trichoderma virens, is essential for curtailing growth and multiplication of phytopathogens (howell et al. 1993, fravel 1988). three isolates (gv, gv-a and gv-v) of trichoderma virens were grown on natural substrates such as bengal gram hull, gingelly cake, green gram hull, rice bran, soya meal, sugarcane bagasse, soyameal + tapioca, tapioca powder, tapioca peel and wheat bran). it was evident from this study that maximum ... | 2005 | 15678558 |
| fermented milk-starch and milk-inulin products as vehicles for lactic acid bacteria. | formulations using cassava starch or inulin plus milk were fermented with three different lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains: lactobacillus plantarum d34, lactobacillus sp. slh6, and streptococcus thermophilus st4. growth and acidification were followed in 3% powdered milk (m3), 3% milk-6% starch (m3-s6), and 3% milk-6% inulin (m3-in6). d34 and slh6 growth was enhanced by starch in m3-s6, when compared to the count (cfu/ml) obtained in m3. growth of all strains was promoted by inulin. all fermen ... | 2004 | 15678724 |
| suppression of rna silencing by a geminivirus nuclear protein, ac2, correlates with transactivation of host genes. | bipartite geminiviruses encode a small protein, ac2, that functions as a transactivator of viral transcription and a suppressor of rna silencing. a relationship between these two functions had not been investigated before. we characterized both of these functions for ac2 from mungbean yellow mosaic virus-vigna (mymv). when transiently expressed in plant protoplasts, mymv ac2 strongly transactivated the viral promoter; ac2 was detected in the nucleus, and a split nuclear localization signal (nls) ... | 2005 | 15681452 |
| growth performance of lambs in phangrang, vietnam: effects of a dietary supplement containing prickly-pear cactus. | in phanrang, vietnam, sheep production is limited by the sparse availability of green roughage. although prickly-pear cactus (opuntia elator) is abundant in the area, it is not used. it was considered relevant therefore to test whether prickly-pear cactus could be used a component of feed supplements. with the use of the cactus and other local products--namely groundnut cake, fish sauce by-product, molasses, rice bran and cassava flour--two supplements were prepared. the level of cactus in the t ... | 2005 | 15747860 |
| molecular biodiversity of cassava begomoviruses in tanzania: evolution of cassava geminiviruses in africa and evidence for east africa being a center of diversity of cassava geminiviruses. | cassava is infected by numerous geminiviruses in africa and india that cause devastating losses to poor farmers. we here describe the molecular diversity of seven representative cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) infecting cassava from multiple locations in tanzania. we report for the first time the presence of two isolates in east africa: (eacmcv-[tz1] and eacmcv-[tz7]) of the species east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus, originally described in west africa. the complete nucleotide seque ... | 2005 | 15784145 |
| biolistic infection of cassava using cloned components of indian cassava mosaic virus. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is a major constraint to cassava production in africa and asia. of the two begomoviruses associated with cmd on the indian subcontinent, indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus, only the latter has been successfully reintroduced into cassava to resolve the aetiology of the disease. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of an icmv isolate from maharashtra (icmv-[mah2]), central india. biolistic inoculation of the cloned compon ... | 2005 | 15824887 |
| gene expression profile in response to xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis infection in cassava using a cdna microarray. | a cassava cdna microarray based on a large cassava est database was constructed and used to study the incompatible interaction between cassava and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) strain cio151. for microarray construction, 5700 clones from the cassava unigene set were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and printed on glass slides. microarray hybridization was performed using cdna from cassava plants (resistant variety mbra685) collected at 12, 24, 48 h and 7 and 15 days post ... | 2005 | 15830129 |
| abundance, dispersion and parasitism of the stem borer busseola fusca (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in maize in the humid forest zone of southern cameroon. | this study was conducted in the humid forest zone of cameroon, in 2002 and 2003. the main objective was to investigate the effects of intercropping on infestation levels and parasitism of the noctuid maize stem borer busseola fusca fuller. two trials were planted per year, one during the long and one during the short rainy season. maize monocrops were compared with maize/legume or maize/cassava intercrops in two spatial arrangements: maize on alternate hills or in alternate rows. spatial analyse ... | 2005 | 15877866 |
| assessment of laboratory methods for evaluating cassava genotypes for resistance to root rot disease. | field evaluation of six cassava genotypes for resistance to root rot disease was compared with three rapid laboratory methods (whole root inoculation, root slice inoculation, and stem inoculation) for resistance screening. both the field evaluation and the three laboratory methods separated the varieties into resistant and susceptible groups. genotypes 30572 and 91/02324 were resistant while 92/0247, 92/0057 and tme-1 were susceptible. one genotype (30001) was not consistent in its reaction betw ... | 2005 | 15883733 |
| whitefly bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) infestation on cassava genotypes grown at different ecozones in nigeria. | large-scale screening of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, genotypes for resistance to infestation by whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius, the vector of cassava mosaic geminiviruses, is limited. a range of new cassava elite clones were therefore assessed for the whitefly infestation in the 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 cropping seasons in experimental fields of international institute of tropical agriculture, ibadan, nigeria. on each scoring day, between 0600 and 0800 hours when the whiteflies were rel ... | 2005 | 15889755 |
| application of fta technology for sampling, recovery and molecular characterization of viral pathogens and virus-derived transgenes from plant tissues. | plant viral diseases present major constraints to crop production. effective sampling of the viruses infecting plants is required to facilitate their molecular study and is essential for the development of crop protection and improvement programs. retaining integrity of viral pathogens within sampled plant tissues is often a limiting factor in this process, most especially when sample sizes are large and when operating in developing counties and regions remote from laboratory facilities. fta is ... | 2005 | 15904535 |
| extracellular amylase(s) production by fungi botryodiplodia theobromae and rhizopus oryzae grown on cassava starch residue. | the fungi botryodiplodia theobromae and rhizopus oryzae produce extracellular amylase when grown on a liquid medium containing 2% (wn) soluble starch or cassava starch residue(csr) (as starch equivalent), a waste generated after extraction of starch from cassava, as the sole carbon source. using csr as the sole carbon source, the highest amylase activity of 3.25 and 3.8 units (mg, glucose released x ml(-1) x h(-1)) were obtained in shake flask cultures during the late stationary phase of growth ... | 2004 | 15907080 |
| effects of regular and modified starches on cooked pale, soft, and exudative; normal; and dry, firm, and dark breast meat batters. | the effects of potato and tapioca starches (regular and modified) on the texture, yield, and microstructure of pale, soft, and exudative (pse); normal; and dark, firm, and dry (dfd) chicken breast meats were studied. cook yield and fracture force were higher in dfd than in normal and pse meat. all starches significantly improved yield with modified tapioca showing the best results. light microscopy showed even distribution and gelatinization of large potato starch granules and small tapioca gran ... | 2005 | 15913192 |
| major polyadenylated transcripts of cassava latent virus and location of the gene encoding coat protein. | the nucleotide sequences of infectious cloned dnas 1 and 2 of a kenyan isolate of cassava latent virus (clv) have been determined. five virus-specific polyadenylated transcripts have been identified and mapped either to the viral or complementary sense dnas of both components of the clv genome, confirming that transcription is bidirectional on both dnas. a major mrna has been translated in vitro to yield a 30 000 mol. wt. product, which is precipitated by antibodies raised against whole virus, a ... | 1985 | 15918226 |
| a survey of pig production systems in the rain forest of the pacific coast colombia. | a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in small-scale pig farms in the rain forest of the colombian pacific coast in order to study aspects of reproduction, nutrition and productivity. a total of 124 farmers was interviewed. they owned, on average, 13.6 pigs, including 2.3 sows, mainly of the zungo breed. pigs are reared in extensive systems and are allowed to wander freely in search of food. the sows produce, on average, 9.6 piglets/litter but, owing to poor sanitary conditions, 1.5 are bor ... | 2005 | 15934639 |
| the nucleotide sequence of cloned wheat dwarf virus dna. | restriction analysis and cloning of virus-specific double-stranded dna isolated from plants infected with wheat dwarf virus (wdv) indicated that the virus genome, like that of maize streak virus (msv), consists of a single dna circle. the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned wdv dna (2749 nucleotides) has been determined. comparison of the potential coding regions in wdv dna with those in the dna of two strains of msv suggests that these viruses encode at least two functional proteins, the coa ... | 1985 | 15938050 |
| purification and characterization of a thermostable raw starch digesting amylase from a streptomyces sp. isolated in a milling factory. | a raw starch utilizing microbe was isolated from mud in a milling factory. the 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing and morphological properties of the strain indicated that it belongs to the genus streptomyces. a strongly raw starch digesting amylase was purified from the culture supernatant of the strain by chromatographic procedures. the specific activity of the enzyme was 11.7 u/mg, molecular mass 47 kda, optimum ph 6.0, and optimum temperature 50 to 60 degrees c. the enzyme showed sufficient ... | 2005 | 15973037 |
| identification of a second begomovirus, sri lankan cassava mosaic virus, causing cassava mosaic disease in india. | the dna a and dna b components of a begomovirus associated with cassava mosaic disease (cmd) originating from kerala, india, were cloned. biolistically inoculated clones induced symptoms typical of cmd in cassava. sequence comparisons showed the virus to be an isolate of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv). this is the first time this begomovirus species has been identified in india and only the second species shown to cause cmd in the country. the implication of these findings on our unders ... | 2005 | 15986172 |
| microrna-binding viral protein interferes with arabidopsis development. | micrornas (mirnas) are small (approximately 21 nt), noncoding rnas that negatively regulate target mrnas at the posttranscriptional level that are involved in development. in plants, virus-induced disease symptoms often result in developmental abnormalities resembling perturbation of mirna-mediated function. here, we report that expression in transgenic plants of a geminivirus-encoded ac4 protein from african cassava mosaic virus cameroon strain (acmv), a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene s ... | 2005 | 16006510 |
| diversity and technological properties of predominant lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava used for the preparation of gari, a traditional african food. | traditional fermentation of cassava is dominated by a lactic acid bacteria (lab) population. fermentation is important for improving product flavour and aroma as well as safety, especially by reduction of its toxic cyanogenic glucosides. the production of gari from cassava in benin typically occurs on a household or small industrial scale, and consequently suffers from inconsistent product quality and may not always be safe for consumption. therefore, the diversity of lab from a typical cassava ... | 2005 | 16104351 |
| biodiversity and recombination of cassava-infecting begomoviruses from southern india. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is caused by various begomoviruses of the family geminiviridae leading to considerable crop losses in africa and asia. recombination between their genomic components has generated new pathotypes with enhanced virulence in africa. here, we report about a survey on the biodiversity of begomoviruses in cassava from southern india (tamil nadu and kerala states) performed in 2001 and 2002. viral dna a components from stem cuttings were analysed using polymerase chain reac ... | 2006 | 16132175 |
| lactic acid bacteria and yeasts associated with spontaneous fermentations during the production of sour cassava starch in brazil. | sour cassava starch is a traditional fermented food used in the preparation of fried foods and baked goods such as traditional cheese breads in brazil. thirty samples of sour cassava starch were collected from two factories in the state of minas gerais. the samples were examined for the presence of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, mesophilic microorganisms, bacillus cereus and faecal coliforms. lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolates were identified by biochemical tests, and the identities were co ... | 2005 | 16153731 |
| production and properties of a surfactant obtained from bacillus subtilis grown on cassava wastewater. | the production and properties of a biosurfactant, synthesized by bacillus subtilis lb5a strain, using cassava wastewater as substrate were investigated. the microorganism was able to grow and to produce surfactant on cassava waste, reducing the surface tension of medium to 26.6 mn/m and giving a crude surfactant concentration of 3.0 g/l after 48 h. the surface-active compound retained its properties during exposure to elevate temperatures (100 degrees c), high salinity (20% nacl) and a wide rang ... | 2006 | 16171690 |
| relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to maize yield and land-use efficiency in the humid forest of cameroon. | stem borers are the most important maize pests in the humid forest zone of cameroon. field trials were conducted in the long and short rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by stem borers in monocropped maize and in maize intercropped with non-host plants such as cassava, cowpea and soybean. the intercrops were planted in two spatial arrangements, i.e. alternating hills or alternating rows. all intercrops and the maize monocrop were grown with a ... | 2005 | 16197562 |
| characterisation of the microflora of attiéké, a fermented cassava product, during traditional small-scale preparation. | attiéké is a fermented cassava product consumed mainly in cote d'ivoire. the aim of this study was to characterise the attiéké fermentation by examining products from 15 small-scale production sites at various stages of its preparation. for the preparation of attiéké, fresh cassava is grated to a pulp and inoculated with 10% of a spontaneous traditional inoculum. the inocula contained aerobic mesophiles at mean numbers of 8.2 x 10(7) cfu/g and lactic and acetic acids at mean concentrations of 0. ... | 2006 | 16213052 |
| production of ethanol from liquefied cassava starch using co-immobilized cells of zymomonas mobilis and saccharomyces diastaticus. | co-immobilized cells of saccharomyces diastaticus and zymomonas mobilis produced a high ethanol concentration compared to immobilized cells of s. diastaticus during batch fermentation of liquefied cassava starch. the co-immobilized cells produced 46.7 g/l ethanol from 150 g/l liquefied cassava starch, while immobilized cells of yeast s. diastaticus produced 37.5 g/l ethanol. the concentration of ethanol produced by immobilized cells was higher than that by free cells of s. diastaticus and z. mob ... | 2001 | 16233146 |
| degradation of cell wall materials from sweetpotato, cassava, and potato by a bacterial protopectinase and terminal sugar analysis of the resulting solubilized products. | cell wall materials (cwms) from sweetpotato, cassava, and potato starch residues were degraded using a crude enzyme solution from the culture filtrate of a bacillus sp. isolated from soil, bacillus sp. m4. this organism has been found to secrete polygalacturonic acid lyase (pgl) and glycan depolymerase activities, especially arabinanase, but cellulase activity was nearly absent. sugar analysis of the solubilized product after enzyme treatment at ph 7.0 revealed that it is mainly composed of gala ... | 2002 | 16233167 |
| growth of aspergillus oryzae during treatment of cassava starch processing wastewater with high content of suspended solids. | aspergillus oryzae ifo 30113 was used for the treatment of the cassava starch processing (csp) wastewater. the observations on the fungal morphology showed that, in the shake flasks containing the csp wastewater with the high concentration of suspended solids, the formation of pellets originated from the adherence of germinated spores to solid particles in medium. the attached solid particles were also digested during the fungal fermentation and resulted in the formation of the smooth and hollow ... | 2004 | 16233638 |
| the impact of the hyperacid ijen crater lake. part i: concentrations of elements in crops and soil. | in asembagus (east java, indonesia) irrigation water is contaminated with effluent from the hyperacid ijen crater lake resulting in a low ph and high levels of various elements. as a first step towards a risk assessment, locally produced food items (rice, maize, cassava leaf, cassava root, peanuts) were collected and concentrations of as, b, ca, cd, co, cu, fe, mg, mn, mo, ni, pb, v, zn were compared to samples from a reference area and with literature values. further, concentrations in rice wer ... | 2005 | 16237597 |
| l(+)-lactic acid production using lactobacillus casei in solid-state fermentation. | lactobacillus casei was grown at 37 degrees c on sugarcane bagasse (5 g) soaked with cassava starch hydrolysate (final moistening volume 34 ml) containing 3 g reducing sugar in a solid-state condition. the maximum yield of l-lactic acid after various process optimisations was 2.9 g/5 g initial substrate corresponding to 97% conversion of sugar to lactic acid with initial substrate moisture of 72%. | 2005 | 16247675 |
| effect of replacement of maize with cassava peel in cockerel diets on performance and carcass characteristics. | | 2005 | 16248221 |
| fermentation methods for protein enrichment of cassava and corn with candida tropicalis. | candida tropicalis grows on soluble starch, corn, and cassava powders without requiring that these substrates be previously hydrolyzed. c. tropicalis possesses the enzyme needed to hydrolyze starch, namely, an alpha-amylase. that property has been used to develop a fermentation process whereby c. tropicalis can be grown directly on corn or cassava powders so that the resultant mixture of biomass and residual corn or cassava contains about 20% protein, which represents a balanced diet for either ... | 1980 | 16345495 |
| factors affecting yield and safety of protein production from cassava by cephalosporium eichhorniae. | the properties of cephalosporium eichhorniae 152 (atcc 38255) affecting protein production from cassava carbohydrate, for use as an animal feed, were studied. this strain is a true thermophile, showing optimum growth at 45 degrees to 47 degrees c, maximum protein yield at 45 degrees c, and no growth at 25 degrees c. it has an optimum ph of about 3.8 and is obligately acidophilic, being unable to sustain growth at ph 6.0 and above in a liquid medium, or ph 7.0 and above on solid media. the optimu ... | 1982 | 16345946 |
| development of rapidly fermenting strains of saccharomyces diastaticus for direct conversion of starch and dextrins to ethanol. | alcoholic fermentation, growth, and glucoamylase production by 12 strains of saccharomyces diastaticus were compared by using starch and dextrins as substrates. haploid progeny produced from a rapidly fermenting strain, sd2, were used for hybridization with other s. diastaticus and saccharomyces cerevisiae haploids. alcoholic fermentation and enzyme production by hybrid diploids and their haploid parents were evaluated. although the dosage of the sta or dex (starch or dextrin fermentation) genes ... | 1984 | 16346584 |
| new amylolytic yeast strains for starch and dextrin fermentation. | yeast strains capable of fermenting starch and dextrin to ethanol were isolated from samples collected from brazilian factories in which cassava flour is produced. considerable alcohol production was observed for all the strains selected. one strain (di-10) fermented starch rapidly and secreted 5 times as much amylolytic enzyme than that observed for schwanniomyces alluvius ucd 54-83. this strain and three other similar isolates were classified as saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus by mor ... | 1988 | 16347755 |
| purification and properties of a maltotetraose- and maltotriose-producing amylase from chloroflexus aurantiacus. | a maltotetraose- and maltotriose-producing amylase which is stable at alkaline phs and high temperatures was detected in the culture filtrate of a strain of chloroflexus aurantiacus j-10-f1, a thermophilic, green, photosynthetic bacterium. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by means of ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and deae-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, and high-performance liquid chromatographies. ... | 1992 | 16348751 |
| degradation of raw starch by a wild amylolytic strain of lactobacillus plantarum. | lactobacillus plantarum a6, isolated from fermented cassava, can break down cassava raw starch that has not been subjected to preliminary physicochemical treatment. when the ph was kept at 6, the microorganism cultured in a bioreactor excreted a high alpha-amylase activity (60 u/ml). synthesis of the enzyme occurred during the stationary phase and resulted in full hydrolysis of the cassava starch granules. this gave 41 g of lactic acid from 45 g of raw starch after 3 days of fermentation. enzyma ... | 1994 | 16349456 |
| pathological and molecular characterization of xanthomonas campestris strains causing diseases of cassava (manihot esculenta). | fifty-one strains representing xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis and cassavae and different pathovars occurring on plants of the family euphorbiaceae were characterized by ribotyping with a 16s+23s rrna probe of escherichia coli and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a plasmid probe from x. campestris pv. manihotis. pathogenicity tests were performed on cassava (manihot esculenta). histological comparative studies were conducted on strains of two pathovars of x. campest ... | 1994 | 16349463 |
| [utilization of glucose and long-chain fatty acids in lactating dairy cows fed a fat-enriched diet]. | the fate of carbon from long-chain fatty acids and glucose in dairy cows which were fed with protected fat was studied using stable isotope technique. the experiment was carried out on two groups of dairy cows (n=16 in each group) during the first 15 weeks of the lactation period. the cows were fed isoenergetic and isoproteinogenous diets based on corn silage. about 1.8 kg of tapioca starch in the diet of the starch group was substituted by about 0.7 kg of rumen protected fat (ca salts of palm o ... | 2005 | 16366037 |
| pesticides and metabolites in cassava, eucalyptus, plum and cashew leaves and roots in relation to a point source in kibaha, tanzania. | leaves of eucalyptus sp., prunus domestica (plum), and anacardium occidentale (cashew), as well as roots and leaves of manihot esculenta (cassava) were used to study the local distribution of pesticides and metabolites from a point source, an old storage site at vikuge farm in tanzania. the gpc-cleaned extracts were analyzed by gc-ecd and gc/ms. eleven organochlorine pesticide residues namely pentachloroanisole, p,p'-ddt, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-dde, o,p'-dde, p,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddd, alpha-hch, beta-hch, del ... | 2006 | 16403548 |
| size asymmetry in intraspecific competition and the density-dependence of inbreeding depression in a natural plant population: a case study in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz, euphorbiaceae). | the effects of competition on the genetic composition of natural populations are not well understood. we combined demography and molecular genetics to study how intraspecific competition affects microevolution in cohorts of volunteer plants of cassava (manihot esculenta) originating from seeds in slash-and-burn fields of palikur amerindians in french guiana. in this clonally propagated crop, genotypic diversity is enhanced by the incorporation of volunteer plants into farmers' stocks of clonal p ... | 2006 | 16405580 |
| production of saccharogenic and dextrinogenic amylases by rhizomucor pusillus a 13.36. | a newly-isolated thermophilic strain of the zygomycete fungus rhizomucor pusillus 13.36 produced highly active dextrinogenic and saccharogenic enzymes. cassava pulp was a good alternative substrate for amylase production. dextrinogenic and saccharogenic amylases exhibited optimum activities at a ph of 4.0-4.5 and 5.0 respectively and at a temperature of 75 degrees c. the enzymes were highly thermostable, with no detectable loss of saccharogenic or dextrinogenic activity after 1 h and 6 h at 60 d ... | 2005 | 16410774 |
| therapeutic protein transduction of mammalian cells and mice by nucleic acid-free lentiviral nanoparticles. | the straightforward production and dose-controlled administration of protein therapeutics remain major challenges for the biopharmaceutical manufacturing and gene therapy communities. transgenes linked to hiv-1-derived vpr and pol-based protease cleavage (pc) sequences were co-produced as chimeric fusion proteins in a lentivirus production setting, encapsidated and processed to fusion peptide-free native protein in pseudotyped lentivirions for intracellular delivery and therapeutic action in tar ... | 2006 | 16449199 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the infectious cloned dna components of tomato golden mosaic virus: potential coding regions and regulatory sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the infectious cloned dna components of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) have been determined. dna a (2588 nucleotides) and dna b (2508 nucleotides) have little sequence homology except for a region of 200 bases which is almost identical in the two molecules. analysis of open reading frames revealed six potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. >10 000, four in dna a and two in dna b. possible regulatory signals are identified and a model for bidirectional tr ... | 1984 | 16453557 |
| expression of a bacterial gene in plants mediated by infectious geminivirus dna. | a viable coat protein deletion mutant of cassava latent virus (clv) dna 1 has been isolated, suggesting that this geminivirus might be exploited as a gene replacement vector. an extensive deletion of 727 nucleotides within the coat protein gene renders dna 1 non-infectious. chimeric clones have been constructed in which the deleted coat protein open reading frame has been replaced by the coding region of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene. infectivity is restored to dna ... | 1988 | 16453850 |
| production of l-lactic acid from fresh cassava roots slurried with tofu liquid waste by streptococcus bovis. | to reduce the production cost of biodegradable plastics, the fermentation performance of l-lactic acid for a new fermentation medium, fresh cassava roots (fcrs) as a substrate slurried with tofu liquid waste (tlw) as basal medium, was investigated by batch fermentation of streptococcus bovis. the fermentation properties of the three substrates, namely, fcr, tapioca (cassava starch) and glucose, which were independently mixed with tlw, were compared with those independently mixed with the standar ... | 2005 | 16473768 |
| a health evaluation in a colony of captive collared peccaries (tayassu tajacu) in the eastern amazon. | this study pretends to determine baseline data on the health and mortality of a colony of captive collared peccaries in the eastern amazon (belém, state of pará, brazil) during a 65-months survey. thirty-nine out of 166 animals (23.5%) died and were examined post-mortem. monthly mortality averaged 1.2%. the highest mortality rate was observed in newborns (74.4%). abandonment by the mother and aggression were responsible for 24.1% and 13.8% of the total newborn deaths, respectively. most frequent ... | 2006 | 16487552 |
| genetic diversity among xanthomonas campestris strains pathogenic for small grains. | a collection of 51 xanthomonas campestris strains from throughout the world was studied to detect and assess genetic diversity among pathogens of small grains. isolates from barley, bread wheat, bromegrass, canary grass, cassava, maize, orchard grass, rice, rough-stalked meadow grass, rye, timothy, and triticale were analyzed by pathogenicity tests on bread wheat cv. alondra and barley cv. corona, indirect immunofluorescence, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). three probes were ... | 1995 | 16534952 |
| microbiological and biochemical characterization of cassava retting, a traditional lactic acid fermentation for foo-foo (cassava flour) production. | the overall kinetics of retting, a spontaneous fermentation of cassava roots performed in central africa, was investigated in terms of microbial-population evolution and biochemical and physicochemical parameters. during the traditional process, endogenous cyanogens were almost totally degraded, plant cell walls were lysed by the simultaneous action of pectin methylesterase and pectate lyase, and organic acids (c(inf2) to c(inf4)) were produced. most microorganisms identified were found to be fa ... | 1996 | 16535378 |
| geographical differentiation of the population of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia. | analyses of dna polymorphism and virulence variation were used to evaluate the population structure of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, the pathogen causing cassava bacterial blight in colombia. we collected strains from the major cassava-growing regions which can be grouped into different edaphoclimatic zones (eczs) according to environmental conditions, production constraints, and economic parameters. dna polymorphism was assessed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, us ... | 1997 | 16535731 |
| monascus fermentation of dioscorea for increasing the production of cholesterol-lowering agent--monacolin k and antiinflammation agent--monascin. | monacolin k, an inhibitor for cholesterol synthesis, is the secondary metabolite of monascus species. the formation of the secondary metabolites of the monascus species is affected by cultivation environment and method. this research uses sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), potato (solanum tuberosum), casava (manihot esculenta), and dioscorea (dioscorea batatas) as the substrates and discusses the best substrate to produce monacolin k. the results show that monascus purpureus ntu 301, with dioscorea ... | 2006 | 16568313 |
| ethanol fermentation of mahula (madhuca latifolia l.) flowers using free and immobilized yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | there is a growing interest to find alternate bioresources for production of ethanol, apart from cane/sugar beet molasses and starchy crops like sweet sorghum, cassava and sweet potato. mahula (madhuca latifolia l.) is a forest tree abundantly available in the indian subcontinent and its flowers are very rich in fermentable sugars (28.1-36.3 g 100 g(-1)). batch fermentation of fresh and 12-month-stored flowers with free (whole cells) and immobilized cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ctcr ... | 2007 | 16580830 |
| nucleotide sequence of bean golden mosaic virus and a model for gene regulation in geminiviruses. | we have sequenced the genome of bean golden mosaic virus, which comprises two circular single-stranded dna molecules (2646 and 2587 nucleotides long) of mostly unique sequence. comparison of the sequences of bean golden mosaic virus and of cassava latent virus, which share serological relationship but are very different in host range and geographical origin, shows that each virus has a unique 200-nucleotide sequence (common region) on each 2.6-kilobase molecule of its genome. the common regions ... | 1985 | 16593562 |
| utilization of shrimp industry waste in the formulation of tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linnaeus) feed. | a rapid expansion of fisheries is demanding an adequate supply of efficient, nutritious and inexpensive fish feed, because feed contributes highly to the cost of fish production. shrimp head, a waste product from the shrimp export industry qualifies as an economical, abundant and good quality protein source for fish feeds. in the present work, shrimp head silage powder, which contained approximately 40% protein, was used as a substitute for fish flour. four feeds, in the form of pellets, were pr ... | 2007 | 16624557 |
| biofortification of essential nutritional compounds and trace elements in rice and cassava. | plant biotechnology can make important contributions to food security and nutritional improvement. for example, the development of 'golden rice' by professor ingo potrykus was a milestone in the application of gene technology to deliver both increased nutritional qualities and health improvement to wide sections of the human population. mineral nutrient and protein deficiency as well as food security remain the most important challenges for developing countries. current projects are addressing t ... | 2006 | 16672076 |
| digestibility and digestive organ development in indigenous and improved chickens and ducks fed diets with increasing inclusion levels of cassava leaf meal. | growing indigenous cambodian chickens and ducks, and broiler chickens and white pekin ducks were fed diets containing 0%, 7%, 14% and 20% of cassava leaf meal (clm) to study the effects of clm level on diet digestibility and gastrointestinal tract (git) and organ development. the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (cttad) of dry matter (dm) and intake of digestible dm decreased with increased dietary clm. dm and digestible dm intake was higher for local breeds than for the corresp ... | 2006 | 16684144 |
| altering glucosinolate profiles modulates disease resistance in plants. | plant diseases are major contributing factors for crop loss in agriculture. here, we show that arabidopsis plants with high levels of novel glucosinolates (gss) as a result of the introduction of single cyp79 genes exhibit altered disease resistance. arabidopsis expressing cyp79d2 from cassava accumulated aliphatic isopropyl and methylpropyl gs, and showed enhanced resistance against the bacterial soft-rot pathogen erwinia carotovora, whereas arabidopsis expressing the sorghum cyp79a1 or over-ex ... | 2006 | 16709192 |
| enzymatic modification of cassava starch by bacterial lipase. | enzymatic modification of starch using long chain fatty acid makes it thermoplastic suitable for a myriad of industrial applications. an industrial lipase preparation produced by burkholderia cepacia (lipase ps) was used for modification of cassava starch with two acyl donors, lauric acid and palmitic acid. reactions performed with palmitic acid by liquid-state and microwave esterification gave a degree of substitution (ds) of 62.08% (ds 1.45) and 42.06% (ds 0.98), respectively. thermogravimetri ... | 2006 | 16736230 |
| molecular ecology and emergence of tropical plant viruses. | an appreciation of the risks caused by emergent plant viruses is critical in tropical areas that rely heavily on agriculture for subsistence and rural livelihood. molecular ecology, within 10 years, has unraveled the factors responsible for the emergence of several of the economically most important tropical plant viruses: rice yellow mottle virus (rymv), cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs), maize streak virus (msv), and banana streak virus (bsv). a large range of mechanisms--most unsuspected un ... | 2006 | 16784403 |
| retrograded tapioca starch prevents ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia. | the purpose of this study was to examine whether retrograded tapioca starch (rs3-tapioca) prevents ovarian hormone deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia. six-month-old wistar female rats were subjected to sham-operation or ovariectomy, and fed a cholesterol-free purified diet with or without rs3-tapioca (150 g/kg diet) instead of digestible cornstarch for 28 d. body weight gain and food intake increased in ovariectomized rats (ovx-rats). plasma total cholesterol concentration was lowered by rs ... | 2006 | 16802694 |
| the unitarian hypothesis for the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. | over the years, several clinical syndromes have been described in diabetes mellitus. although world opinion has settled somewhat on the main two types, the debate continues as to how the 'formes frustes' syndromes fit in and what if any implications there are for the accepted aetiology of the disease. type 1, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, results from pancreatic inadequacy as a result of a variety of insults such as autoimmune attack, toxic damage, etc. insulin administration is at the co ... | 2006 | 16806731 |
| the use of biolistic inoculation of cassava mosaic begomoviruses in screening cassava for resistance to cassava mosaic disease. | inoculation of cassava with infectious clones of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (geminiviridae: begomovirus) and total dna extracts from plants infected with well-characterised viruses was evaluated using the bio-rad helios gene gun system. total dna extracts from infected plants and cloned viruses were produced for coating gold particles and bombardment onto new cassava genotypes, 96/1089a, 96/1039, 96/0160, 96/0304 and three local landraces tme 117, tme 3 and tme 4. cloned dna of a kenyan isolat ... | 2006 | 16839615 |
| isolation of lactic acid bacteria from malaysian foods and assessment of the isolates for industrial potential. | two traditional fermented food 'tapai' (fermented tapioca) and 'tempoyak' (fermented durian flesh), chilli puree and fresh goat's milk were used as sources for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (lab). a total of 126 isolates were obtained and by sequential screening for catalase activity and gram-staining, 55 were determined to be lab out of which 16 were established to be homofermentative by the gel plug test. seven isolates were identified by use of the api 50chl kit and two lactobacilli s ... | 2007 | 16872826 |
| cancer and non-cancer health risk from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in ghana. | food crops such as cassava, cocoyam and other tuber crops grown in mining communities uptake toxic or hazardous chemicals such as arsenic, and cadmium, from the soil. cassava is a stable food for ghanaians. this study evaluated human health risk from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in ghana such as bogoso, prestea, tarkwa and tamso, which are important mining towns in the western region of ghana. the study evaluated cancer and non-cancer health effects from eating cassava grown i ... | 2006 | 16897532 |
| evaluation of solid and submerged fermentations for the production of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by paenibacillus campinasensis h69-3 and characterization of crude enzyme. | cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase) is an enzyme that produces cyclodextrins from starch by an intramolecular transglycosylation reaction. cyclodextrins have been shown to have a number of applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. in the current study, the production of cgtase by paenibacillus campinasensis strain h69-3 was examined in submerged and solid-state fermentations. p. campinasensis strain h69-3 was isolated from the soil, which grows at 45 degr ... | 2006 | 16915643 |
| production of insoluble exopolysaccharide of agrobacterium sp. (atcc 31749 and ifo 13140). | agrobacterium isolated from soil samples produced two extracellular polysaccharides: succinoglycan, an acidic soluble polymer, and curdlan gum, a neutral, insoluble polymer. maize glucose, cassava glucose, and maize maltose were used in fermentation medium to produce insoluble polysaccharide. two agrobacterium sp. strains which were used (atcc 31749 and ifo 13140) in the production of insoluble exopolysaccharide presented equal or superior yields compared to the literature. the strain atcc 31749 ... | 2006 | 16915694 |
| simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava bagasse for l-(+)-lactic acid production using lactobacilli. | saccharification and fermentation of cassava (manihot esculenta) bagasse was carried out in a single step for the production of l-(+)-lactic acid by lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus delbrueckii. using 15.5% w/v of cassava bagasse as the raw material, a maximum starch to lactic acid conversion of 96% was obtained with l. casei with a productivity rate of 1.40 mg/mlxh and maximum yield of 83.8 mg/ml. it was 94% with l. delbrueckii with a productivity rate of 1.36 mg/mlxh and maximum yield of ... | 2006 | 16960284 |
| genetic diversity and phylogeography of cassava mosaic viruses in kenya. | cassava is a major factor in food security across sub-saharan africa. however, the crop is susceptible to losses due to biotic stresses, in particular to viruses of the genus begomovirus (family geminiviridae) that cause cassava mosaic disease (cmd). during the 1990s, an epidemic of cmd severely hindered cassava production across eastern and central africa. a significant influence on the appearance of virus epidemics is virus diversity. here, a survey of the genetic diversity of cmd-associated b ... | 2006 | 16963765 |
| cassava mosaic virus disease in east and central africa: epidemiology and management of a regional pandemic. | | 2006 | 17027685 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | during the last three years the generation of stably transformed cassava plants having value-added traits has become a reality. currently, two agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems are routinely used to engineer cassava. these systems use either somatic embryos or friable embryogenic calli. this paper presents detailed protocols for the transformation of cassava using primary somatic embryos. the effects of explant types, tissue culture conditions, and bacterial and plasmid related facto ... | 2006 | 17033047 |
| digestibility of resistant starch containing preparations using two in vitro models. | resistant starch (rs) is known for potential health benefits in the human colon. to investigate these positive effects it is important to be able to predict the amount, and the structure of starch reaching the large intestine. | 2006 | 17036261 |
| removal of potassium from tuberous root vegetables by leaching. | to determine analytically the amount of potassium in raw tuberous root vegetables (trv); to estimate the amount of potassium that can be leached from raw trv by soaking in water; and to determine whether the duration of soaking and the cooking method selected affect potassium extraction. | 2006 | 17046614 |
| tissue and cell tropism of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and its av2 (precoat) gene product. | in order to establish defined viruses for challenging plants in resistance breeding programmes, indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv; family geminiviridae) dna clones were modified to monitor viral spread in plants by replacing the coat protein gene with the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene. comparative in situ hybridization experiments showed that icmv was restricted to the phloem in cassava and tobacco. gfp-tagged virus spread similarly, resulting in homogeneous fluorescence within n ... | 2007 | 17049959 |
| cassava-enriched diet is not diabetogenic rather it aggravates diabetes in rats. | chronic intake of cassava has been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. we investigated the effects of dietary cassava (manihot esculenta), which naturally contains cyanogenic glycosides, in the progression of diabetes mellitus in rats. diabetes was induced by five mild doses of streptozotocin, in male wistar rats which were fed a standard or cyanide-free cassava (cfc) diet containing or not containing exogenous cyanide with or without methionine. methionine was employed to co ... | 2006 | 17109651 |
| deletion and recombination events between the dna-a and dna-b components of indian cassava-infecting geminiviruses generate defective molecules in nicotiana benthamiana. | cloned dna-b components, belonging to the bipartite begomoviruses indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv), family geminiviridae, when co-inoculated along with previously cloned dna-a components of the respective viruses onto the experimental host nicotiana benthamiana, generated defective dnas (def-dna) ranging in size from 549 to 1555 nucleotides. all the cloned def-dnas contained the common region (cr) as well as portions of either dna-a or dna-b and, in ... | 2007 | 17109983 |
| the oligomeric rep protein of mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv) is a likely replicative helicase. | geminiviruses replicate by rolling circle mode of replication (rcr) and the viral rep protein initiates rcr by the site-specific nicking at a conserved nonamer (taatatt downward arrow ac) sequence. the mechanism of subsequent steps of the replication process, e.g. helicase activity to drive fork-elongation, etc. has largely remained obscure. here we show that rep of a geminivirus, namely, mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv), acts as a replicative helicase. the rep-helicase, requiring > or ... | 2006 | 17142233 |
| reduction of starch granule size by expression of an engineered tandem starch-binding domain in potato plants. | granule size is an important parameter when using starch in industrial applications. an artificial tandem repeat of a family 20 starch-binding domain (sbd2) was engineered by two copies of the sbd derived from bacillus circulans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase via the pro-thr-rich linker peptide from xyn10a from cellulomonas fimi. sbd2 and a single sbd were introduced into the amylose-free potato mutant, amf, using appropriate signal sequences. the accumulation of sbd2 into transgenic starch gr ... | 2004 | 17147616 |
| resistance to cassava mosaic disease in transgenic cassava expressing antisense rnas targeting virus replication genes. | african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) is a major contributor to cassava mosaic disease (cmd), the economically most important and devastating disease of cassava in africa. we have developed transgenic cassava plants with increased acmv resistance using improved antisense rna technology by targeting the viral mrnas of rep (ac1), trap (ac2) and ren (ac3). viral dna replication assays in detached leaves demonstrated that replication of two acmv isolates was strongly reduced or inhibited in most trans ... | 2005 | 17173627 |
| biodegradation of atrazine in transgenic plants expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza) gene. | atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the usa. atrazine chlorohydrolase (atza), the first enzyme in a six-step pathway leading to the mineralization of atrazine in gram-negative soil bacteria, catalyses the hydrolytic dechlorination and detoxification of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. in this study, we investigated the potential use of transgenic plants expressing atza to take up, dechlorinate and detoxify atrazine. alfalfa, arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco were transformed with a ... | 2005 | 17173634 |
| cyclodextrin production by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from bacillus circulans df 9r. | cyclodextrins (cd) are cyclic oligosaccharides with multiple applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and chemical industries. in this work, the conditions used to produce cd with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from bacillus circulans df 9r were optimized using experimental designs. the developed method allowed the partial purification and concentration of the enzyme from the cultural broth and, subsequently, the cd production, using the same cassava starch as enzyme ad ... | 2007 | 17174549 |
| genetic modification of cassava for enhanced starch production. | to date, transgenic approaches to biofortify subsistence crops have been rather limited. this is particularly true for the starchy root crop cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). cassava has one of the highest rates of co(2) fixation and sucrose synthesis for any c3 plant, but rarely reaches its yield potentials in the field. it was our hypothesis that starch production in cassava tuberous roots could be increased substantially by increasing the sink strength for carbohydrate. to test this hypothe ... | 2006 | 17177810 |
| molecular monitoring of microbial population dynamics during operational periods of anaerobic hybrid reactor treating cassava starch wastewater. | this study characterized the microbial community and population dynamics in an anaerobic hybrid reactor (ahr) treating cassava starch wastewater. methanogens and nonmethanogens were followed during the start-up and operation of the reactor, and linked to operational and performance data. biomass samples taken from the sludge bed and packed bed zones of the ahr at intervals throughout the operational period were examined by 16s rrna fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the start-up seed and ... | 2007 | 17186142 |
| survival and growth of foodborne pathogens during cooking and storage of oriental-style rice cakes. | fresh cooked rice cakes for retail sale are typically held at room temperature because refrigeration dramatically reduces their quality. room temperature, high water activity, and a ph of > 4.6 provided an environment conducive to pathogen growth. to date, no studies have been published regarding survival and growth of foodborne pathogens in fresh cooked rice cakes. this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of steam cooking on foodborne pathogens and their subsequent growth in five var ... | 2006 | 17186677 |
| characterisation and biochemical properties of predominant lactic acid bacteria from fermenting cassava for selection as starter cultures. | a total of 375 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermenting cassava in south africa, benin, kenya and germany, and were characterised by phenotypic and genotypic tests. these could be divided into five main groups comprising strains of facultatively heterofermentative rods, obligately heterofermentative rods, heterofermentative cocci, homofermentative cocci and obligately homofermentative rods, in decreasing order of predominance. most of the facultatively heterofermentative rods were iden ... | 2007 | 17188771 |
| linamarase activities in bacillus spp. responsible for thermophilic aerobic digestion of agricultural wastes for animal nutrition. | thermophilic bacillus spp. isolated from thermophilic aerobic digestion (tad) of model agricultural slurry were screened for ability to secret linamarase activity and degrade linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside toxin abundant in cassava. screening was performed by both linamarin - picrate assay and by p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucoside (pnpg) degradation, and results of both assays were related. linamarase positive isolates were identified as bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus ste ... | 2007 | 17207614 |
| holocene fire and occupation in amazonia: records from two lake districts. | while large-scale pre-columbian human occupation and ecological disturbance have been demonstrated close to major amazonian waterways, less is known of sites in terra firme settings. palaeoecological analyses of two lake districts in central and western amazonia reveal long histories of occupation and land use. at both locations, human activity was centred on one of the lakes, while the others were either lightly used or unused. these analyses indicate that the scale of human impacts in these te ... | 2007 | 17255030 |
| beta-carotene from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaves improves vitamin a status in rats. | the bioavailability of beta-carotene from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaves was assayed in vitamin a deficient wistar rats (rattus norvegicus). rats were separated into three groups and fed with a modified ain-93g--vitamin a deficient--diet. deficient rat received this diet without any additional vitamin a source. controls received the diet with 7200 microg of synthetic beta-carotene (control), while experimentals (test) received 19.5 g of cassava leaves powder per kg of diet. the cassav ... | 2007 | 17261381 |