| chronic lymphocytic leukaemia skin infiltrates affecting prominent parts of the face and the scalp. | chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) infiltrating the skin is uncommon and can present in different forms. we report a case of cll infiltrating the prominent parts of the face and the scalp. a 63-year-old male with a 10-year history of cll presented with plum-coloured swelling of the skin of the ears, eyebrows, tip of the nose and the scalp. histopathology showed dense sheets of lymphoid infiltrate of the dermis which stained positive with b-cell markers cd20 and cd5 in keeping with the infiltrat ... | 2006 | 16634906 |
| absorption, distribution, and destruction of indoleacetic acid in plum stem cuttings. | | 1960 | 16655369 |
| the occurrence of nitrate reductase in leaves of prunus species. | nitrate reductase was found in leaves of apricot prunus armeniaca, sour cherry p. cerasus, sweet cherry p. avium, and plum p. domestica, but not in peach p. persica, from trees grown in sand culture receiving a nitrate containing nutrient solution. nitrate was found in the leaves of all species. nitrate and nitrate reductase were found in leaves of field-grown apricot, sour cherry, and plum trees. the enzyme-extracting medium contained insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone, and including dithiothreitol ... | 1972 | 16658037 |
| pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase of c(3) seeds and leaves as compared to the enzyme from maize. | pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) was found in various immature seeds of c(3) plants (wheat, pea, green bean, plum, and castor bean), in some c(3) leaves (tobacco, spinach, sunflower, and wheat), and in c(4) (maize) kernels. the enzyme in the c(3) plants cross-reacts with rabbit antiserum against maize ppdk. based on protein blot analysis, the apparent subunit size of ppdk from wheat seeds and leaves and from sunflower leaves is about 94 kdaltons, the same as that of the enzyme from maize, ... | 1984 | 16663632 |
| multiple resistance traits control plum pox virus infection in arabidopsis thaliana. | twelve arabidopsis accessions were challenged with plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates representative of the four ppv strains. each accession supported local and systemic infection by at least some of the ppv isolates, but high variability was observed in the behavior of the five ppv isolates or the 12 arabidopsis accessions. resistance to local infection or long-distance movement occurred in about 40% of all the accession-isolate combinations analyzed. except for nd-1, all accessions showed resis ... | 2006 | 16673941 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the plum pox virus el amar isolate. | | 2006 | 16732422 |
| dna microarraying on compact disc surfaces. application to the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in plum pox virus. | the potential of using compact discs as high throughput screening platforms for dna microarraying is discussed and applied to discriminate genetic variations of plum pox virus. | 2006 | 16733582 |
| [observation on therapeutic effect of blood-letting therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia numbness syndrome]. | to observe therapeutic effect of blood-letting therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia numbness syndrome and search for clinically effective therapy. | 2006 | 16739847 |
| the nitrogen metabolism of the kelsey plum. | | 1938 | 16746629 |
| the role of sorbitol in the carbon-metabolism of the kelsey plum: changes in chemical composition during growth and storage. | | 1939 | 16747073 |
| the role of sorbitol in the c-metabolism of the kelsey plum: relation of carbohydrate and acid loss to co(2) production in stored fruit. | | 1939 | 16747117 |
| the biosynthesis of l-rhamnose of plum-leaf polysaccharides. | 1. the utilization of d-[1-(14)c]- and d-[6-(14)c]-glucose in the biosynthesis of l-rhamnose units of plum-leaf polysaccharides has been studied. 2. after the precursors had been metabolized in the leaves, polysaccharide fractions were prepared therefrom and the constituent l-rhamnose was isolated and purified. 3. both the specific activity and the distribution of (14)c along the carbon chain of l-rhamnose from two polysaccharide fractions from each experiment were determined. 4. the results ind ... | 1965 | 16749113 |
| transfection of arabidopsis protoplasts with a plum pox virus (ppv) infectious clone for studying early molecular events associated with ppv infection. | the development of novel strategies against plant viral diseases relies on a better understanding of molecular virus-host interactions. here, we report an easy, efficient and reproducible protocol for arabidopsis protoplast isolation and transfection to study the infection and replication of a potyvirus, plum pox virus (ppv). macerozyme and cellulose were used to release protoplasts from arabidopsis leaf tissues, and polyethylene glycol-mediated dna uptake was employed for transfection of a ppv ... | 2006 | 16777241 |
| detection of 6k1 as a mature protein of 6 kda in plum pox virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana. | the rna genome of plum pox virus (ppv) encodes one large polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into mature viral proteins. one of the products of proteolytic processing, the 6k1 protein, has not yet been identified in vivo for any member of the genus potyvirus. in this study, 6k1-specific polyclonal antiserum was raised against ppv 6k1 expressed in escherichia coli as a translational fusion with the n terminus of avian troponin c and an unusual metal-binding cluster of troponin t-1. for detec ... | 2006 | 16847134 |
| simultaneous release of hydrophobic and cationic solutes from thin-film "plum-pudding" gels: a multifunctional platform for surface drug delivery? | the release of two compositionally different solutes from a composite gel composed of two different populations of microgel particles embedded in a single bulk gel matrix is described, showing the potential of the "plum-pudding gel" as a multifunctional platform for controlled surface release. one hydrophobic solute (pyrene) and one hydrophobic and charged solute (rhodamine 123) were chosen as the solutes to be released. hydrophobic microgels composed of 50% n-isopropylacrylamide (nipam) and 50% ... | 2005 | 16851694 |
| use of dried high-phenolic laden host leaves for virus and viroid preservation and detection by pcr methods. | the efficiency of rna extraction for apricot latent virus (aplv), plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (pbnspav), prunus necrotic ring spot virus (pnrsv), potato virus y (pvy), and apple scar skin viroid (assvd) from infected hosts is of great importance for molecular diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a method is described for drying tissue to overcome phenolic inhibitors of viral rna. this study showed that the infected host leaves, dried at 65 degrees c for 2 days a ... | 2006 | 16879877 |
| [total calvarial reconstruction for sagittal synostosis]. | to study the technique of total calvaria reconstruction for sagittal synostosis. | 2006 | 16883885 |
| dried plum prevents bone loss in a male osteoporosis model via igf-i and the rank pathway. | previously, dietary supplementation with dried plums, a rich source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to improve bone density, microstructure and biomechanics in female animal models of osteopenia. we designed this study to determine the extent to which dried plum prevents skeletal deterioration in gonadal hormone deficient male animals and to begin to understand its mechanism of action. sixty 6-month-old male sprague-dawley rats were eit ... | 2006 | 16890505 |
| characterization of the recombinant forms arising from a potato virus x chimeric virus infection under rna silencing pressure. | recombination is a frequent phenomenon in rna viruses whose net result is largely influenced by selective pressures. rna silencing in plants acts as a defense mechanism against viruses and can be used to engineer virus resistance. here, we have investigated the influence of rna silencing as a selective pressure to favor recombinants of pvx-hct, a chimeric potato virus x (pvx) vector carrying the helper-component proteinase (hc-pro) gene from plum pox virus (ppv). all the plants from two lines ex ... | 2006 | 16903356 |
| analysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfual in coffee, dried fruits and urine. | 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has become a substance of interest since recent results showed a possible carcinogenic potential in consequence of a metabolic activation by sulfotransferases. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is formed either by acid catalysed degradation of reducing sugars or via the maillard reaction. this work provides an overview of foods potentially containing high amounts of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. it comprises dried fruits with a high sugar content that were exposed to heat for a long tim ... | 2006 | 16917810 |
| novel "plum pudding" gels as potential drug-eluting stent coatings: controlled release of fluvastatin. | this study evaluated novel structural motifs known as "plum pudding" gels as potential drug-eluting stent coatings. controlled delivery of a hmg-coa reductase inhibitor (statin) from the intravascular stent surface represents a potential therapeutic modality for prevention of in-stent restenosis (isr). in this study, gels were comprised of fluvastatin-loaded thermoresponsive microgel particles containing the relatively hydrophilic n-isopropylacrylamide (nipaam), mixed with the more hydrophobic n ... | 2006 | 16941598 |
| monocytic/macrophagic pneumonitis after intrabronchial deposition of vascular endothelial growth factor in neonatal lambs. | preterm and young neonates are prone to inadequate surfactant production and are susceptible to respiratory distress syndrome characterized by alveolar damage and hyaline-membrane formation. glucocorticoid therapy is commonly used in preterm and young infants to enhance lung maturation and surfactant synthesis. recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) was suggested to be a novel therapeutic agent for lung maturation that lacked adverse effects in mice. the purpose of this study was to ... | 2006 | 16966446 |
| phenolic acids in berries, fruits, and beverages. | the contents of soluble and total phenolic acids were analyzed in samples of 29 berries and berry products, 24 fruits and fruit peels, and 12 beverages. variation of phenolic acids in berries was also studied. soluble phenolic acids were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, and a tentative quantification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the total phenolic acid content was determined by hplc after alkaline and acid hydrolyses. the content of total phenolic acids a ... | 2006 | 16968082 |
| rna silencing suppression by a second copy of the p1 serine protease of cucumber vein yellowing ipomovirus, a member of the family potyviridae that lacks the cysteine protease hcpro. | the p1 protein of viruses of the family potyviridae is a serine proteinase, which is highly variable in length and sequence, and its role in the virus infection cycle is not clear. one of the proposed activities of p1 is to assist hcpro, the product that viruses of the genus potyvirus use to counteract antiviral defense mediated by rna silencing. indeed, an hcpro-coding region is present in all the genomes of members of the genera potyvirus, rymovirus, and tritimovirus that have been sequenced. ... | 2006 | 17005683 |
| self-compatible peach (prunus persica) has mutant versions of the s haplotypes found in self-incompatible prunus species. | this study demonstrates that self-compatible (sc) peach has mutant versions of s haplotypes that are present in self-incompatible (si) prunus species. all three peach s haplotypes, s (1), s (2), and s (2m), found in this study encode mutated pollen determinants, sfb, while only s (2m) has a mutation that affects the function of the pistil determinant s-rnase. a cysteine residue in the c5 domain of the s (2m)-rnase is substituted by a tyrosine residue, thereby reducing rnase stability. the peach ... | 2007 | 17006593 |
| use of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of plum pox virus. | a one step, accelerated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) procedure was developed for the detection of plum pox virus (ppv). the six primers required for accelerated rt-lamp were designed using a conserved region in the c-terminus of the coat protein coding region of ppv. rt-lamp was used to detect isolates of five strains of ppv including the strains d, m, ea, c, and w. the virus was detected reliably in both infected herbaceous and woody hosts. rt-lamp was ... | 2006 | 17011051 |
| mapping of two o-glcnac modification sites in the capsid protein of the potyvirus plum pox virus. | a large number of o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac) residues have been mapped in vertebrate proteins, however targets of o-glcnacylation in plants still have not been characterized. we show here that o-glcnacylation of the n-terminal region of the capsid protein of plum pox virus resembles that of animal proteins in introducing o-glcnac monomers. thr-19 and thr-24 were specifically o-glcnacylated. these residues are surrounded by amino acids typical of animal o-glcnac acceptor sites, sugge ... | 2006 | 17014851 |
| salicylic acid-mediated and rna-silencing defense mechanisms cooperate in the restriction of systemic spread of plum pox virus in tobacco. | plum pox virus (ppv) is able to replicate in inoculated leaves of nicotiana tabacum, but is defective in systemic movement in this host. however, ppv produces a systemic infection in transgenic tobacco expressing the silencing suppressor p1/hc-pro from tobacco etch virus (tev). in this work we show that ppv is able to move to upper non-inoculated leaves of tobacco plants expressing bacterial salicylate hydroxylase (nahg) that degrades salicylic acid (sa). replication and accumulation of ppv is h ... | 2006 | 17018032 |
| secret agent, an arabidopsis thaliana o-glcnac transferase, modifies the plum pox virus capsid protein. | the capsid protein of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) is modified with o-linked glcnac (o-glcnac). while arabidopsis has two o-glcnac transferases, secret agent (sec) and spindly (spy), previous work suggests that sec modifies ppv-cp and that the modification plays a role in the infection process. here, we show that when co-expressed in escherichia coli sec modifies ppv-cp. deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis identified three threonine and a serine located near the n-terminus of ppv-cp that a ... | 2006 | 17027982 |
| production of plum pox virus hc-pro functionally active for aphid transmission in a transient-expression system. | potyviruses are non-persistently transmitted by aphid vectors with the assistance of a viral accessory factor known as helper component (hc-pro), a multifunctional protein that is also involved in many other essential processes during the virus infection cycle. a transient agrobacterium-mediated expression system was used to produce plum pox virus (ppv) hc-pro in nicotiana benthamiana leaves from constructs that incorporated the 5' region of the genome, yielding high levels of hc-pro in agroinfi ... | 2006 | 17030878 |
| the apoplastic antioxidant system in prunus: response to long-term plum pox virus infection. | this work describes, for the first time, the changes taking place in the antioxidative system of the leaf apoplast in response to plum pox virus (ppv) in different prunus species showing different susceptibilities to ppv. the presence of p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (phmb)-sensitive ascorbate peroxidase (apx) (class i apx) and phmb-insensitive apx (class iii apx), superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox), nadh-pox, and polyphenoloxidase (ppo) was described in the apoplast from both peach and ... | 2006 | 17043083 |
| cytogenetic characterization of lippia alba and lantana camara (verbenaceae) from brazil. | the aim of this work was to determine the cytogenetic characteristics of brazilian lippia alba (mill) n. e. brown and lantana camara plum. that could be useful for future characterization of these genera. our analyses revealed that li. alba has 2n=30 chromosomes consisting of ten metacentric and five submetacentric pairs, while la. camara has 44 metacentric chromosomes. the large blocks of heterochromatin seen in both species suggest an apomorphic condition. six 45s rdna sites were detected in b ... | 2007 | 17048044 |
| the lipid transfer proteins (ltp) essentially concentrate in the skin of rosaceae fruits as cell surface exposed allergens. | the localization and distribution of non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltp) allergens in the skin and pulp of rosaceae fruits (apple, peach, apricot, plum) has been investigated. nsltp essentially concentrate in the pericarp of the fruits whereas the pulp contains lower amounts of allergens. immunolocalization showed they are primarily located in the cytosol but are subsequently excreted and finally accumulate at the plasmalemma-cell wall interface and in the cell wall. however, high discr ... | 2006 | 17064926 |
| distribution of cryptococcus gattii and cryptococcus neoformans in decayed trunk wood of syzygium cumini trees in north-western india. | the aim of this study is to report the regional distribution of cryptococcus. gattii and cryptococcus. neoformans in decayed wood inside trunk hollows of syzygium cumini trees (java plum, indian black berry) investigated in amritsar (panjab), meerut cantt. and bulandshahr (uttar pradesh) and delhi, in north-western india. two hundred and seventeen wood samples collected from 74 s. cumini trees were investigated. this includes 7 known positive s. cumini trees in delhi subjected to a mycological s ... | 2006 | 17071556 |
| treatment of the localized neurodermatitis by plum-blossom needle tapping and with the modified yangxue dingfeng tang--a clinical observation of 47 cases. | to observe the therapeutic effects of plum-blossom needle tapping combined with the modified yangxue dingfeng tang (a decoction for nourishing the blood and expelling wind) for the localized neurodermatitis. | 2006 | 17078443 |
| cloning and characterization of a cowpea seed lipid transfer protein cdna: expression analysis during seed development and under fungal and cold stresses in seedlings' tissues. | lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are antimicrobial peptides (amps) involved in the defense of plants against pathogens. our group has previously characterized and purified a ltp from cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) seeds which caused the inhibition of growth of fungal pathogens in vitro. the aim of this work was to obtain the cdna encoding the cowpea ltp and after cloning, to use the cdna as a probe for studying its expression profile during the development of cowpea seeds. in this work, the ... | 2006 | 17084637 |
| isothermal amplification coupled with rapid flow-through hybridisation for sensitive diagnosis of plum pox virus. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method coupled with rapid flow-through hybridisation (nasba-fh) was developed for diagnosis of plum pox virus (ppv). the sensitivity level achieved by nasba-fh was 10 times higher than that obtained by co-pcr and 1000 times higher than the sensitivity afforded by rt-pcr. in addition, samples from 262 stone-fruit trees collected during winter and spring seasons were analysed. these samples were tested using methods recommended by the european and medite ... | 2007 | 17092572 |
| [comparison of the efficiency of polygalacturonase and beta-glucosidase enzyme preparations in stabilization of cherry plum wine material]. | pektofoetidin and pectinex, enzyme preparations with the highest polygalacturonase and beta-glucosidase activities, were covalently immobilized on deae cellulose and aminosilochromes 10 and 30. after treatment of cherry plum wine material with the soluble and immobilized enzyme preparations, the content of phenolics increased by 26 and 40%, respectively. the increase was accompanied by a decrease in the protein content (by up to 37%), carbohydrate content (by 17% on the average), and antioxidant ... | 2006 | 17168299 |
| crop load affects maximum daily trunk shrinkage of plum trees. | we studied the effects of low fruit load (3-4 fruits cm(-2) of trunk cross-sectional area (tcsa), and high fruit load (6-7 fruits cm(-2) tcsa) on maximum daily trunk shrinkage (mds) and trunk growth rates (tgr) over two seasons in plum (prunus salicina lindell) trees receiving full irrigation or deficit irrigation. seasonal changes in mds and tgr were compared with those in midday stem water potential (psi(s)) and leaf stomatal conductance (g (s)). crop load increased g (s) in fully irrigated tr ... | 2007 | 17169910 |
| rapid determination of the main organic acid composition of raw japanese apricot fruit juices using near-infrared spectroscopy. | the potential of near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy to rapidly determine citric and malic acid contents of raw japanese apricot (japanese "ume", also known as the japanese plum) fruit juice was investigated. in total, 314 raw juice samples with different organic acid compositions were collected over a long growth period, and spectra (1100-1850 nm) of these samples were acquired using an nir spectrophotometer with a 1-mm path length. calibrations were performed using a partial least-squares regress ... | 2006 | 17177483 |
| sources of antioxidant activity in australian native fruits. identification and quantification of anthocyanins. | selected native australian fruits, muntries (kunzea pomifera f. muell., myrtaceae), tasmanian pepper berry (tasmanian lanceolata r. br., winteraceae), illawarra plum (podocarpus elatus r. br. ex endl., podocarpaceae), burdekin plum (pleiogynium timorense dc. leenh, anacardiaceae), cedar bay cherry (eugenia carissoides f. muell., myrtaceae), davidson's plum (davidsonia pruriens f. muell. var. pruriens, davidsoniaceae), and molucca raspberry (rubus moluccanus var. austropacificus van royen, rosace ... | 2006 | 17177507 |
| prune extract (prunus domestica l.) suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human colon carcinoma caco-2. | prunes are the dried fruits of certain cultivars of prunus domestica l., and are recognized as a health food. the separated ethanol fraction from concentrated prune juice by diaion hp-20 (pe) was investigated for cytotoxic effects on two different cancer cell lines in vitro. pe dose-dependently reduced the viable cell number of caco-2, kato iii, but does not reduce the viable cell number of human normal colon fibroblast cells (ccd-18co) used as a normal cell model. pe treatment for 24 h led to a ... | 2006 | 17190111 |
| use of residue profile analysis to identify modes of insecticide activity contributing to control of plum curculio in apples. | residue profile analysis techniques were developed, along with laboratory and field-based bioassays to describe the modes of insecticidal activity responsible for the control of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), in apples (malus spp.). adult plum curculios were treated in laboratory topical bioassays to determine acute contact activity and lethal time for five insecticides. azinphosmethyl had the highest levels of toxicity and shortest lethal time values, followed by the neonic ... | 2006 | 17195673 |
| laboratory evaluation of flight performance of the plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae). | flight performance of laboratory-reared adults of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), was investigated under controlled conditions by using a flight mill system. across all insects tested (n=198), median values of total distance traveled, total flight time, and maximum uninterrupted flight time were 122.7 m day(-1), 23.5 min day(-1), and 2.0 min, respectively. the latter result indicates that flight occurred primarily in short bursts. although females ... | 2006 | 17195674 |
| a study of sterility in the plum. | | 1919 | 17245934 |
| estimation of fitness components in drosophila melanogaster . i. heterozygote viability indices. | we examine the assumption of "dominance" with regard to viability of the cy and pm marker chromosomes in d. melanogaster . this assumption is often invoked for the extraction of wild-type second chromosomes from natural populations and for the calculation of relative viability indices. significant genotypic variances for viability are found among both cy/+(j) and pm/+(i) heterozygotes in california and japanese populations. the magnitude of the pm/+( i) genotypic variance is substantially less t ... | 1978 | 17248789 |
| optimization of a full-scale dewatering operation based on the rheological characteristics of wastewater sludge. | rheology is the science that deals with the flow and deformation of materials, and it has become an important tool in optimizing sludge dewatering. this study presents torque rheology data to illustrate two different methods for polymer optimization. the methods can be used to optimize the polymer dose and mixing intensity, as well as to select the best performing product among a number of candidate polymers. the first method is used for unconditioned sludges, and utilizes the peaks observed aft ... | 2007 | 17303208 |
| use of pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis for functional mapping of the plum pox virus helper component proteinase suppressor of gene silencing. | helper component proteinase (hc-pro) of plum pox virus is a multifunctional potyvirus protein that has been examined intensively. in addition to its involvement in aphid transmission, genome amplification and long-distance movement, it is also one of the better-studied plant virus suppressors of rna silencing. the first systematic analysis using pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis of the silencing suppression function of a potyvirus hc-pro is presented here. sixty-three in-frame insertio ... | 2007 | 17325375 |
| leaf morphological and physiological adjustments to the spectrally selective shade imposed by anthocyanins in prunus cerasifera. | prunus domestica l. has green leaves, whereas prunus cerasifera ehrh. var. atropurpurea has red leaves due to the presence of mesophyll anthocyanins. we compared morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of these species, which were sampled from shoots grafted in pairs on p. domestica rootstocks, each pair comprising one shoot of each species. two hypotheses were tested: (1) anthocyanins protect red leaves against photoinhibition; and (2) red leaves display shade characteristics ... | 2007 | 17331903 |
| physical and chemical properties and adsorption type of activated carbon prepared from plum kernels by naoh activation. | activated carbon was prepared from plum kernels by naoh activation at six different naoh/char ratios. the physical properties including the bet surface area, the total pore volume, the micropore ratio, the pore diameter, the burn-off, and the scanning electron microscope (sem) observation as well as the chemical properties, namely elemental analysis and temperature programmed desorption (tpd), were measured. the results revealed a two-stage activation process: stage 1 activated carbons were obta ... | 2007 | 17363154 |
| efficiency of removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by plant leaves and the effects of interaction of combinations of leaves on their removal efficiency. | removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions using 20 species of plant leaves and combinations of these leaves have been studied. several factors affecting the removal efficiency have been studied. the most efficient types of plant leaves for the removal of cadmium are those of styrax, plum, pomegranate and walnut. the interaction effect of the combined leaf samples on the efficiency of removal of cadmium has been found to be additive in combinations involving styrax plant leaves but seems to be an ... | 2008 | 17374434 |
| identification and introduction of some iran pollinator bees of colletidae, halictidae, and megachilidae (hym: apoidea). | insufficient pollination results in less yield and low quality of crops. many vegetables depend on the cross pollination to produce valuable seeds or fruits. most flowering plants, fruit and seed formation are highly dependent on the activity of pollinator bees and in some crop such as alfalfa no seeds will form in the absence of bees. the most important crops of iran from stone fruits (peach, almond, plum, cherry and apricot), pome fruits (apple, pear and quince), alfalfa, clover, sunflower, et ... | 2006 | 17385532 |
| high-level of cyclic amp in the jujube plum. | a large amount of cyclic amp-like substance was found in the imported commercial jujube plum, zizyphi fructus, commonly used in traditional chinese medicine. the fresh fruits of the jujube plum, as obtained from a local botanical garden, also contained comparable amounts of the substance. the substance was purified to an almost pure state from commercial material and was identified as cyclic amp (adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate) by both chemical and biochemical means. thus, it has been established ... | 1981 | 17401993 |
| safety of virus-resistant transgenic plants two decades after their introduction: lessons from realistic field risk assessment studies. | potential safety issues have been raised with the development and release of virus-resistant transgenic plants. this review focuses on safety assessment with a special emphasis on crops that have been commercialized or extensively tested in the field such as squash, papaya, plum, grape, and sugar beet. we discuss topics commonly perceived to be of concern to the environment and to human health--heteroencapsidation, recombination, synergism, gene flow, impact on nontarget organisms, and food safe ... | 2007 | 17408355 |
| identifying fecal sources in a selected catchment reach using multiple source-tracking tools. | given known limitations of current microbial source-tracking (mst) tools, emphasis on small, simple study areas may enhance interpretations of fecal contamination sources in streams. in this study, three mst tools-escherichia coli repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr), coliphage typing, and bacteroidales 16s rdna host-associated markers-were evaluated in a selected reach of plum creek in south-central nebraska. water-quality samples were collected from six sites. one reach was s ... | 2007 | 17412907 |
| stage- and tissue-expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signalling of ethylene in reproductive organs of damson plum (prunus domestica l. subsp. insititia). | in this work, four cdna clones (pd-acs1,aj890088; pd-etr1 and pd-ers1, aj890092, aj890091; and pd-ctr1, aj890089) encoding an acc-synthase, two putative ethylene (et) receptors, and a putative mapkkk, respectively, were isolated and phylogenetically characterized in prunus domestica l. subsp. insititia. their expression was studied by real-time pcr during flower (closed, open and senescent) and fruit (early green, late green, maturation and ripening) development of damson plum, which is climater ... | 2007 | 17416534 |
| susceptibility of native and non-native common reed to the non-native mealy plum aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in north america. | an aggressive, non-native haplotype (distinct genetic lineage within a species) of phragmites australis is invading brackish and freshwater systems in the eastern united states, potentially displacing native haplotypes. we studied the differential susceptibility of native and non-native populations collected from sites throughout north america to the non-native aphid, hyalopterus pruni. in a greenhouse study, we found significantly higher aphid populations on native haplotypes than on the non-na ... | 2007 | 17445381 |
| comment on nutrients and antioxidant molecules in yellow plums (prunus domestica l.) from conventional and organic productions: a comparative study. | | 2007 | 17447783 |
| impact of temperature on plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) responses to odor-baited traps. | in 2005, captures of overwintered adult plum curculios, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), in standard black masonite pyramid traps deployed in apple (malus spp.) orchards from half-inch green until fruit reached 7 mm and baited with known attractants did not result in significant captures compared with unbaited traps as they had in 2003 and 2004. these baits included the synthetic aggregation pheromone, grandisoic acid (ga) alone, a six-component synthetic host plant v ... | 2007 | 17461056 |
| plasma antioxidant capacity changes following a meal as a measure of the ability of a food to alter in vivo antioxidant status. | determine 1) if consumption of a meal of different fruits or berries increases plasma hydrophilic (h-) or lipophilic (l-) antioxidant capacity (aoc) measured as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac(fl)); 2) if including macronutrients in the meal alters postprandial changes in aoc; and 3) if preliminary recommendations can be developed for antioxidant intake. | 2007 | 17536129 |
| genetic evidence from mitochondrial, nuclear, and endosymbiont markers for the evolution of host plant associated species in the aphid genus hyalopterus (hemiptera: aphididae). | over the past several decades biologists' fascination with plant-herbivore interactions has generated intensive research into the implications of these interactions for insect diversification. the study of closely related phytophagous insect species or populations from an evolutionary perspective can help illuminate ecological and selective forces that drive these interactions. here we present such an analysis for aphids in the genus hyalopterus (hemiptera: aphididae), a cosmopolitan group that ... | 2007 | 17542845 |
| plum-pudding gels as a platform for drug delivery: understanding the effects of the different components on the diffusion behavior of solutes. | the internal structure of composite gels made of responsive microgel particles inserted into a bulk hydrogel (n-isopropylacrylamide microgel particles in a cross-linked dimethylacrylamide matrix) has been investigated from the diffusion behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) probes through the network, in the absence of specific interactions between the diffusing molecules and the system. the effect of the different components has been examined, for example, the size of the probe, the bulk stru ... | 2007 | 17547442 |
| comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent pth in restoring bone in osteopenic orchidectomized rats. | bone loss was confirmed after 90 days in 50 6-month-old male sprague dawley rats that were sham-operated or orchidectomized (orx). in this study, we have shown that dried plum (dp) has potent effects on bone in terms of bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in osteopenic male rats. although these changes may be mediated through the suppression of bone resorption, the fact that the restoration in some of the bone structural and biomechanical parameter shares some similarities with parathyroi ... | 2007 | 17554580 |
| novel life stage targets against plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), in apple integrated pest management. | in this study the authors employed the plant-insect-chemistry (pic) triad to investigate two novel life stage targets against the plum curculio (pc), conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), in apple integrated pest management (ipm). laboratory treated apple bioassays were used to determine if the insect growth regulator (igr) insecticides novaluron and tebufenozide have physiological effects on pc larvae following adult exposure. curative activity bioassays were conducted for igr, neonicotinoid, oxidia ... | 2007 | 17575566 |
| [seasonal variation of food intake in food frequency questionnaire among workers in a nuclear power plant]. | this study was conducted to investigate the systematic error, such as seasonal change or inadequate food items, in a food frequency questionnaire administered to workers in a nuclear power plant, korea. | 2007 | 17577080 |
| pyriproxyfen activates reproduction in prediapause northern strain plum curculio (conotrachelus nenuphar herbst). | field-collected, prediapause northern strain plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), adults were treated with the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen to assess effects on reproductive development. adults of this pest have an obligate winter reproductive diapause and do not reach reproductive maturity until after spring emergence. topical (1.0 microl) doses of 10, 1.0 and 0.1 microg microl(-1) pyriproxyfen induced oocyte development and reproductive maturation in all treated females as ... | 2007 | 17590858 |
| impact of trap architecture, adjacent habitats, abiotic factors, and host plant phenology on captures of plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) adults. | pyramid traps, 2.44 m and 3.66 m in height, were compared with standard-sized pyramid traps, 1.22 m in height, to assess the impact of trap architecture on captures of adult plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), in two apple (malus spp.) orchards and a blueberry (vaccinium spp.) planting. the effects of adjacent habitat (organic orchard versus wooded areas), abiotic factors, and phenological stages of apple also were assessed to determine whether these varia ... | 2007 | 17598533 |
| assessment of the diversity and dynamics of plum pox virus and aphid populations in transgenic european plums under mediterranean conditions. | the molecular variability of plum pox virus (ppv) populations was compared in transgenic european plums (prunus domestica l.) carrying the coat protein (cp) gene of ppv and non-transgenic plums in an experimental orchard in valencia, spain. a major objective of this study was to detect recombination between ppv cp transgene transcripts and infecting ppv rna. additionally, we assessed the number and species of ppv aphid vectors that visited transgenic and non-transgenic plum trees. test trees con ... | 2008 | 17605085 |
| sentential, lexical, and acoustic effects on the perception of word boundaries. | this study investigates the effects of sentential context, lexical knowledge, and acoustic cues on the segmentation of connected speech. listeners heard near-homophonous phrases (e.g., plmpai for "plum pie" versus "plump eye") in isolation, in a sentential context, or in a lexically biasing context. the sentential context and the acoustic cues were piloted to provide strong versus mild support for one segmentation alternative (plum pie) or the other (plump eye). the lexically biasing context fav ... | 2007 | 17614511 |
| plum island animal disease laboratory. | | 1956 | 17648920 |
| effect of dips in a 1-methylcyclopropene-generating solution on 'harrow sun' plums stored under different temperature regimes. | the effect of postharvest dips in a 1-methylcyclopropene-generating solution of the formulation afxrd-038 (rohm & haas) on plum fruit (prunus salicina lindell cv. 'harrow sun') quality and ripening during storage was determined. fruit weight loss, tissue firmness, soluble solids content (ssc), titratable acidity (ta), ethylene production, respiration, and the activities of the cell wall modifying enzymes polygalacturonase (pg), 1,4-beta-d-glucanase/glucosidase (egase), beta-galactosidase (beta-g ... | 2007 | 17663566 |
| reduced reproductive function in wild baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) related to natural consumption of the african black plum (vitex doniana). | several authors have suggested that the consumption of plant compounds may have direct effects on wild primate reproductive biology, but no studies have presented physiological evidence of such effects. here, for two troops of olive baboons (papio hamadryas anubis) at gashaka-gumti national park, nigeria, we show major seasonal increases in levels of fecal progesterone metabolites in females, and provide evidence that this is linked to the consumption of natural plant compounds. increases in fec ... | 2007 | 17681506 |
| immunomodulatory properties of dietary plum on coccidiosis. | the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with a lyophilized powder made from plums (p) on host protective immune responses against avian coccidiosis, the most economically important parasitic disease of poultry. one-day-old white leghorn chickens were fed from the time of hatch with a standard diet either without p (control and p 0 groups) or supplemented with p at 0.5% (p 0.5) or 1.0% (p 1.0) of the diet. animals in the p 0, p 0.5, and p 1.0 groups were ... | 2008 | 17686519 |
| chlorogenic acid, a polyphenol from prunus domestica (mirabelle), with coupled anxiolytic and antioxidant effects. | oxidative stress is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and to some behaviors, such as anxiety and depression. in particular, recent research observed a close relationship between oxidative stress and anxiety. | 2007 | 17698084 |
| combinations of two amino acids (ala40 and phe75 or ser40 and tyr75) in the coat protein of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus are crucial for infectivity. | amino acid sequences of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) coat protein (cp) were compared between 12 isolates from apple, plum and cherry, and 109 cdna clones that were amplified directly from infected apple tissues. phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of cp showed that the isolates and cdna clones were separated into two major clusters in which the combinations of the five amino acids at positions 40, 59, 75, 130 and 184 (ala(40)-val(59)-phe(75)-ser(130)-met(184) or se ... | 2007 | 17698674 |
| phytosterol pygeum africanum regulates prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. | prostate cancer is an important public health problem. it is an excellent candidate disease for chemoprevention because prostate cancer is typically slow growing and is usually diagnosed in elderly males. pygeum africanum (prunus africana or rosaceae) is an african prune (plum) tree found in tropical africa. an extract from the bark of pygeum africanum has been used in europe as a prevention and treatment of prostate disorders including benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph). more recently in the us ... | 2007 | 17709901 |
| comparative expression profiling of nicotiana benthamiana leaves systemically infected with three fruit tree viruses. | plant viruses cause a wide array of disease symptoms and cytopathic effects. although some of these changes are virus specific, many appear to be common even among diverse viruses. currently, little is known about the underlying molecular determinants. to identify gene expression changes that are concomitant with virus symptoms, we performed comparative expression profiling experiments on nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with one of three different fruit tree viruses that produce distinct s ... | 2007 | 17722703 |
| [systematic assessment of acupuncture for treatment of herpes zoster in domestic clinical studies]. | to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for treatment of herpes zoster. | 2007 | 17722838 |
| the beach plum prizes of the arnold arboretum. | | 1942 | 17755577 |
| a pickled plum of a problem. | | 2007 | 17765045 |
| the pond-lily aphid as a plum pest. | | 1915 | 17797947 |
| conservation biology: feds team up with a company to protect 17 threatened fish species. | for several years now, road runoff and erosion stemming in part from the operations of the plum creek timber co. have choked elk creek, known as the best bull trout spawning stream in the west, with sediment, raising fears of even further decline in this endangered species. now, in an effort to mitigate its harmful effects and avert regulatory action, plum creek has designed a native fish habitat conservation plan covering 17 fish species, including the bull trout. | 2000 | 17840573 |
| the maynard plum--a carrier of the peach mosaic virus. | | 1937 | 17843565 |
| role of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and its secondary hosts in plum pox virus propagation. | plum pox virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, ppv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of plants in the genus prunus, particularly prunus persica l. the role of the myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) as a vector of ppv-m, and its role in spreading ppv-m, was investigated. ppv-m-infected peach trees were used as inoculum sources, and transmission to 15 herbaceous species commonly present in and around peach orchards was evaluated. the presence of ppv-m in secondary hos ... | 2007 | 17849850 |
| adaptation of plum pox virus to a herbaceous host (pisum sativum) following serial passages. | plum pox virus (ppv) populations from peaches are able to adapt consistently to herbaceous hosts, characterized by a reduction in time to symptom development, increases in inoculation efficiency and increased titres. ppv adaptation was studied by using pea (pisum sativum) as an alternative host. two isolates of ppv from peaches were inoculated and passaged in peas ten times using either aphid or mechanical inoculation, generating four independent passage lines. mechanical-transmission efficiency ... | 2007 | 17872538 |
| a chimeric plum pox virus shows reduced spread and cannot compete with its parental wild-type viruses in a mixed infection. | the effect of a recombination event in the genomic 3' end on the biological properties and competitiveness of plum pox virus (ppv) was investigated. therefore, a fragment spanning the coat protein (cp) coding region and a part of the 3' non-translated region of a non-aphid-transmissible strain of ppv (ppv-nat) was replaced by the corresponding region of a ppv sour cherry isolate (ppv-soc). the resulting chimera (ppv-nat/soc) caused severe symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana, resembling those of pp ... | 2007 | 17872539 |
| molecular characterization and detection of plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus. | the complete rna genome of plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (pbnspav) was cloned and sequenced and was determined to be 14, 214 nts long. the genome structure revealed seven major open reading frames (orfs), and nontranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends. pbnspav represents the simplest genome organization in the genus ampelovirus, family closteroviridae. the orfs 1a and 1b encode, respectively, a large polyprotein with a molecular mass (mr) of 259.6 kda containing conserved dom ... | 2007 | 17885796 |
| analysis of the complete genome of peach chlorotic mottle virus: identification of non-aug start codons, in vitro coat protein expression, and elucidation of serological cross-reactions. | the entire genome of peach chlorotic mottle virus (pcmv), originally identified as prunus persica cv. agua virus (4n6), was sequenced and analysed. pcmv cross-reacts with antisera to diverse viruses, such as plum pox virus (ppv), genus potyvirus, family potyviridae; and apple stem pitting virus (aspv), genus foveavirus, family flexiviridae. the pcmv genome consists of 9005 nucleotides (nts), excluding a poly(a) tail at the 3' end of the genome. five open reading frames (orfs) were identified wit ... | 2007 | 17891331 |
| electrophoretic mobility of the capsid protein of the plum pox virus strain ppv-rec indicates its partial phosphorylation. | a double-band sds-page profile was found reproducible for capsid protein (cp) of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates belonging to the strain ppv-rec. the double-band was also present in the virus population multiplied in various plants. a single-lesion passage in a hypersensitive host chenopodium foetidum showed that its presence was not a result of a mixed infection. we found that the two electrophoretic forms of cp shared identical n-terminus. therefore, they did not originate from an alternative pr ... | 2007 | 17900221 |
| differential induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene expression in response to in vitro callus unions of prunus spp. | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, which play a prominent role in graft union formation, including the marked effects of their accumulation in incompatibility response. the purpose of this study was to assess changes in the abundance of pal mrna during graft union development. partial cdna clones encoding the enzyme were isolated from in vitro callus tissue in the apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) cultivar moniqui and the plum rootstock marianna ... | 2008 | 17910896 |
| oligonucleotide microarray-based detection and genotyping of plum pox virus. | plum pox virus (ppv) is the most damaging viral pathogen of stone fruits. the detection and identification of its strains are therefore of critical importance to plant quarantine and certification programs. existing methods to screen strains of ppv suffer from significant limitations such as the simultaneous detection and genotyping of several strains of ppv in samples infected with different isolates of the virus. a genomic strategy for ppv screening based on the viral nucleotide sequence was d ... | 2008 | 17920703 |
| [skull plasty to correct congenital craniosynostosis]. | to investigate the technique of skull reconstruction for the congenital craniosynostosis. | 2007 | 17926845 |
| evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch) sorok. to target larvae and adults of capnodis tenebrionis (l.) (coleoptera: buprestidae) in soil and fiber band applications. | the aim of this work has been to evaluate in the laboratory the potential of entomopathogenic fungi against adults and larvae of capnodis tenebrionis (l.) (coleoptera: buprestidae) through fiber band application and a potted plant bioassay with soil application, respectively. our previous findings revealed that metarhizium anisopliae eama 01/58-su isolate was the most virulent against neonate larvae of the buprestid. in the present work, m. anisopliae eama 01/58-su isolate has been also shown to ... | 2008 | 17961589 |
| stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in prunus section prunus. | identification of prunus groups at subspecies or variety level is complicated by the wide range of variation and morphological transitional states. knowledge of the degree of variability within and between species is a sine qua non for taxonomists. here, a detailed study of endocarp dimension and shape variation for taxa of prunus section prunus is presented. | 2007 | 17965026 |
| susceptibility of fruit from diverse apple and crabapple germplasm to attack by plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae). | plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), is an important apple, malus domestica borkh., pest that significantly hinders sustainable apple production in eastern north america. the potential for host plant resistance to plum curculio among apple germplasm has never been rigorously evaluated. thus, studies were conducted to assess the susceptibility of a number of exotic and domestic malus accessions housed at the usda plant genetic resources unit (pgru) "core" co ... | 2007 | 17972646 |
| trans-specific s-rnase and sfb alleles in prunus self-incompatibility haplotypes. | self-incompatibility in the genus prunus is controlled by two genes at the s-locus, s-rnase and sfb. both genes exhibit the high polymorphism and high sequence diversity characteristic of plant self-incompatibility systems. deduced polypeptide sequences of three myrobalan and three domestic plum s-rnases showed over 97% identity with s-rnases from other prunus species, including almond, sweet cherry, japanese apricot and japanese plum. the second intron, which is generally highly polymorphic bet ... | 2008 | 17989997 |
| no recombination detected in artificial potyvirus mixed infections and between potyvirus derived transgenes and heterologous challenging potyviruses. | risk-assessment studies of virus-resistant transgenic plants (vrtps) focussing on recombination of a plant virus with a transgenic sequence of a different virus should include a comparison of recombination frequencies between viruses in double-infected non-transgenic plants with those observed in singly infected transgenic plants to estimate recombination incidence in vrtps. in this study, the occurrence of recombination events was investigated in non-transgenic plants double-infected with two d ... | 2007 | 18001687 |
| chain of demand. a host of former triad execs are landing plum jobs in the wake of company's sale to community--who's next in line? | community health system's $6.97 billion acquisition of competitor triad hospitals this past summer left many former triad executives wealthy but out of work. some are enjoying a respite while others are being plucked up by chs competitors. by letting so many triad executives go, according to management guru tim vogus, right, chs sent a clear message that its newly acquired business will be run its way. | 2007 | 18020042 |
| gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterisation of plant gums in samples from painted works of art. | this paper presents an analytical gc-ms procedure to study the chemical composition of plant gums, determining aldoses and uronic acids in one step. the procedure is based on the silylation of aldoses and uronic acids, released from plant gums by microwave assisted hydrolysis, and previously converted into the corresponding diethyl-dithioacetals and diethyl-dithioacetal lactones. using this method only one peak for each compound is obtained, thus providing simple and highly reproducible chromato ... | 2007 | 18023451 |
| specific and efficient cleavage of fusion proteins by recombinant plum pox virus nia protease. | site-specific proteases are the most popular kind of enzymes for removing the fusion tags from fused target proteins. nuclear inclusion protein a (nia) proteases obtained from the family potyviridae have become promising due to their high activities and stringencies of sequences recognition. nia proteases from tobacco etch virus (tev) and tomato vein mottling virus (tvmv) have been shown to process recombinant proteins successfully in vitro. in this report, recombinant ppv (plum pox virus) nia p ... | 2008 | 18024078 |