| determination of trace and heavy metals in some commonly used medicinal herbs in ayurveda. | traditionally, the herbal drugs are well established for their therapeutic benefits. depending upon their geographical sources sometimes the trace and heavy metals' content may differ, which may lead to severe toxicity. so, the toxicological and safety assessment of these herbal drugs are one of the major issues in recent days. eight different plant species including aloe vera, centella asiatica, calendula officinalis, cucumis sativus, camellia sinensis, clitoria ternatea, piper betel and tagete ... | 2014 | 23222691 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes related to aphid resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | cucumber, a very important vegetable crop worldwide, is easily damaged by pests. aphids (aphis gossypii glover) are among the most serious pests in cucumber production and often cause severe loss of yield and make fruit quality get worse. identifying genes that render cucumbers resistant to aphid-induced damage and breeding aphid-resistant cucumber varieties have become the most promising control strategies. in this study, a illumina genome analyzer platform was applied to monitor changes in gen ... | 2015 | 25959296 |
| how does the host-specialized aphid deal with food deficiency? | aphis gossypii glover shows obvious host specialization, with cucurbit- and cotton-specialized biotypes or host races in many regions. because its annual natal host crops senesce earlier the cucurbit-specialized biotype may suffer food deficiency. the method this biotype uses to overcome this challenge is still poorly understood. in order to understand the potential of the cucurbit-specialized biotype aphids in host shift and usage, the performance of this biotype on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), ... | 2014 | 24526656 |
| [effects of host plants on the life table parameters of experimental populations of aphis gossypii]. | a comparative study was conducted on the life table parameters of aphis gossypii reared on five host plant species at (25 +/- 1) degrees c in laboratory. there existed significant differences in the durations of various developmental stages, adult longevity, mean offspring number per day, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, mean generation time, and population doubling time for the a. gossypii populations reared on the host plants. for the aphids on lagena ... | 2013 | 24015567 |
| effect of vermicompost and cucumber cultivar on population growth attributes of the melon aphid (hemiptera: aphididae). | worldwide, the developing industry of cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.) grown in greenhouses is threatened by damage from sucking pests, especially aphids. among these, the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae), is the most serious. we tested the effect of two cucumber cultivars ('royal' and'storm') and three vermicompost concentrations (0 [control], 20, and 30%) in field soil on the development and fecundity rates of a. gossypii, by using a randomized complete block design with ... | 2011 | 21882707 |
| [study on the physiological activities of the metabolites from paecilomyces arovirens]. | the metabolites of paecilomyces arovirens exhibited insecticidal activities to many inscct pcsts, including cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, hawthorn ispidcr mitc, tetranychus viennensis and larvae of imported cabbage worm, pietis rapae. a comparison was made between the metabolites of p. arovirens and naphthyl acetic acid (naa) in wheat (triticum aestivum) and water melon (cucumis sativus) bioassays on their physiological effects. results demonstrated that some of the metabolites physiological act ... | 1998 | 12549393 |
| the integration of chemical control of the melon aphid with predatory control of glasshouse red spider mite on cucumbers. | | 1971 | 5133522 |
| floral strips attract beneficial insects but do not enhance yield in cucumber fields. | natural enemies and pollinators require nutritional and habitat resources that are often not found in conventional agricultural fields. the addition of flowering plants within agroecosystems may provide the resources necessary to support beneficial insects at the local scale. we hypothesized that insect pollinator and natural enemy abundance would increase in cucumber (cucumis sativus) plots containing flower strips and that the effect would be greatest in the crop rows closest to the flower str ... | 2017 | 28334107 |
| wild bees visiting cucumber on midwestern u.s. organic farms benefit from near-farm semi-natural areas. | wild bees that provide pollination services to vegetable crops depend on forage resources, nesting sites, and overwintering sites in the agricultural landscape. the scale at which crop-visiting bees use resources in the landscape can vary regionally, and has not been characterized in the midwestern united states. we investigated the effects of seminatural land cover on wild bee visitation frequency to cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and on wild bee species richness on 10 organic farms in indiana. ... | 2013 | 23448020 |
| response of wild bees (hymenoptera: apoidea: anthophila) to surrounding land cover in wisconsin pickling cucumber. | cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is among the plants highly dependent on insect-mediated pollination, but little is known about its unmanaged pollinators. both domestic and wild bee populations in central wisconsin pickling cucumber fields were assessed using a combination of pan trapping and floral observations before and during bloom. together with land cover analyses extending 2,000 m from field centers, the relationship of land cover components and bee abundance and diversity were examined. ove ... | 2012 | 22732611 |
| pollination of cucumber, cucumis sativus l. (cucurbitales: cucurbitaceae), by the stingless bees scaptotrigona aff. depilis moure and nannotrigona testaceicornis lepeletier (hymenoptera: meliponini) in greenhouses. | when for a successful fruit development the fertilization of flowers is necessary, bees can be used as crop-pollinators in greenhouses. in the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of the stingless bees scaptotrigona aff. depilis moure and nannotrigona testaceicornis lepeletier as pollinators of cucumber plants (cucumus sativus var. caipira) in greenhouses during the brazilian winter season. the study was conducted in four greenhouses (gh), of which two greenhouses contained bee colon ... | 2008 | 19061034 |
| effects of foliar surfactants on host plant selection behavior of liriomyza huidobrensis (diptera: agromyzidae). | the pea leafminer, liriomyza huidobrensis (diptera: agromyzidae), is a highly polyphagous insect pest of global distribution. l. huidobrensis feeds and lays its eggs on leaf tissue and reduces crop marketability because of stippling and mining damage. in field insecticide trials, it was observed that stippling was reduced on plants treated with surfactant alone. the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of surfactants on host selection behaviors of female l. huidobrensis and to a ... | 2009 | 19825293 |
| establishment of lysozyme gene rna interference system and its involvement in salinity tolerance in sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | the lysozyme gene was silenced using rna interference (rnai) to analyze the function of lysozyme in sea cucumber under salt stress. the interfering efficiency of four lysozyme rnai oligos ranged from 0.55 to 0.70. from the four oligos, p-mir-l245 was used for further interfering experiments because it had the best silencing efficiency. peristomial film injection of p-mir-l245 (10 μg) was used for further interfering experiments. the lowest gene expression, determined by rt-pcr assay, in muscle, ... | 2017 | 28359949 |
| effects of heat treatment on the gel properties of the body wall of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | the sensory texture of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) was dramatically affected by heat treatment. in this study, sea cucumbers were heated under different thermal conditions (hsc), and divided into five groups (hsc-80, hsc-90, hsc-100, hsc-110, and hsc-120) according to the heating temperature (from 80 to 120 °c). the changes in texture, moisture, gel structure, and biochemical parameters of the hsc were investigated. with increasing heating time (from 10 to 80 min), the hardness and gel ... | 2017 | 28298684 |
| itraq reveals proteomic changes during intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers have a striking capacity to regenerate most of their viscera after evisceration, which has drawn the interest of many researchers. in this study, the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq) was utilized to investigate protein abundance changes during intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. a total of 4073 proteins were identified, and 2321 proteins exhibited significantly differential expressions, with 1100 upregulated and 1221 downregulated proteins. our resul ... | 2017 | 28189057 |
| metabolic responses to intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers are excellent models for studying organ regeneration due to their striking capacity to regenerate most of their viscera after evisceration. in this study, we applied nmr-based metabolomics to determine the metabolite changes that occur during the process of intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed that there was significant differences in metabolism between regenerative intestines at 3, 7, and 14days post evisceration (dpe) and nor ... | 2017 | 28189056 |
| effect of acute salinity stress on ion homeostasis, na(+)/k(+)-atpase and histological structure in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus) are an imperiled fauna exposed to a variety of environmental condition such as salinity and studies are urgently needed to assess their effects to guide aquaculture efforts. the effects of acute salinity stress on coelomic fluid osmotic pressure, ion concentrations, the activity of na(+)/k(+)-atpase in respiratory trees and the histological variations were measured to evaluate the salinity tolerance of sea cucumbers. | 2016 | 27917349 |
| gene structure, expression, and dna methylation characteristics of sea cucumber cyclin b gene during aestivation. | the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, is a good model for studying environmentally-induced aestivation by a marine invertebrate. one of the central requirements of aestivation is the repression of energy-expensive cellular processes such as cell cycle progression. the present study identified the gene structure of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin b, and detected the expression levels of this gene over three stages of the annual aestivation-arousal cycle. furthermore, the dna methylation char ... | 2016 | 27601256 |
| structural characterization of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus and actinopyga mauritiana. | two samples of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs), aj and am, were isolated from holothurian species apostichopus japonicus and actinopyga mauritiana, respectively. purification of fcs was performed by ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. structure of the biopolymers was elucidated using chemical and nmr spectroscopic methods. both polysaccharides were shown to contain a typical chondroitin core built up of repeating disaccharide units →3)-β-d-galnac-(1→4)-β-d-glca-(1→ and ... | 2016 | 27561511 |
| impact of water temperature on the growth and fatty acid profiles of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka). | the present study determined the changes in the fatty acid (fa) profiles of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in response to the varied water temperature. sea cucumbers with similar size (4.02±0.11g) were cultured for 8 weeks at 14°c, 18°c, 22°c and 26°c, respectively. at the end of the experiment, the specific growth rate (sgr) and the profiles of fas in neutral lipids and phospholipids of the juvenile sea cucumbers cultured at different temperatures were determined. the sgrs of the ... | 2016 | 27503728 |
| long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) of sea cucumber: large-scale prediction, expression profiling, non-coding network construction, and lncrna-microrna-gene interaction analysis of lncrnas in apostichopus japonicus and holothuria glaberrima during lps challenge and radial organ complex regeneration. | long non-coding rna (lncrna) structurally resembles mrna but cannot be translated into protein. although the systematic identification and characterization of lncrnas have been increasingly reported in model species, information concerning non-model species is still lacking. here, we report the first systematic identification and characterization of lncrnas in two sea cucumber species: (1) apostichopus japonicus during lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge and in heathy tissues and (2) holothuria g ... | 2016 | 27392411 |
| effects of acute and chronic heavy metal (cu, cd, and zn) exposure on sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus). | acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) exposed to heavy metals. acute toxicity values (96 h lc50) were 2.697, 0.133, and 1.574 mg l(-1) for zn, cu, and cd, respectively, and were ranked in order of toxicity: cu > cd > zn. under chronic metal exposure the specific growth rates of sea cucumbers decreased with the increase of metal concentration for all the three metals. after acute metal exposure, the oxygen consumption rate (ocr) decreased. the ... | 2016 | 27382568 |
| understanding mechanism of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus aestivation: insights from tmt-based proteomic study. | marine invertebrate aestivation is a unique strategy for summer survival in response to hot marine conditions. the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, is an excellent model marine invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation. in the present study, we used a tandem mass tag (tmt)-coupled lc-ms/ms approach to identify and quantify the global proteome expression profile over the aestivation-arousal cycle of a. japonicus. a total of 3920 proteins were identified from the intesti ... | 2016 | 27376927 |
| effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (hufas) on growth, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and immunity of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka). | the present study was conducted to understand the effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (hufas) on growth, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and the immunity of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka). five experimental diets were prepared, containing graded levels of n-3 hufas (0.46%, 0.85%, 1.25%, 1.61% and 1.95%, respectively), and the 0.46% group was used as control group. the specific growth rates, fatty acid profiles, activities and gene expression of antioxid ... | 2016 | 27079426 |
| effects of dietary cadmium on growth, antioxidants and bioaccumulation of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) and influence of dietary vitamin c supplementation. | the effects of dietary cadmium (cd) supplementation on growth, antioxidant capacity and accumulation of cd in tissues (body wall, digestive tracts, and respiratory tree) of sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, exposed to sub-chronic concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, and 500mg cd/kg dry weight) of cd were investigated. in addition, the potential protective effects of vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid, asa) against the effects of cd on sea cucumbers were investigated. sea cucumbers were exposed to dietary ... | 2016 | 27032071 |
| regulation of dietary glutamine on the growth, intestinal function, immunity and antioxidant capacity of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka). | the present study examined the effects of dietary glutamine (gln) on the growth, intestinal function, immunity and antioxidant capacity of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka). the specific growth rate, intestinal morphology, activity of digestive enzymes, activity and gene expression of lysozyme and antioxidative enzymes of the sea cucumbers were determined after feeding 5 experimental diets with additions of increasing levels of gln (at 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%,1.2% and 1.6%, respectively) for ... | 2016 | 26802894 |
| bioenergetic trade-offs in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (echinodermata: holothuroidea) in response to co2-driven ocean acidification. | ocean acidification (oa) caused by excessive co2 is a potential ecological threat to marine organisms. the impacts of oa on echinoderms are well-documented, but there has been a strong bias towards sea urchins, and limited information is available on sea cucumbers. this work examined the effect of medium-term (60 days) exposure to three ph levels (ph 8.06, 7.72, and 7.41, covering present and future ph variability) on the bioenergetic responses of the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, an eco ... | 2016 | 26782325 |
| characterization and comparison of proteomes of albino sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka) by itraq analysis. | sea cucumber is a commercially important marine organism in china. of the different colored varieties sold in china, albino sea cucumber has the greatest appeal among consumers. identification of factors contributing to albinism in sea cucumber is therefore likely to provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of these strains. in this study, two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling ... | 2016 | 26707782 |
| parental effect of long acclimatization on thermal tolerance of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | to evaluate the thermal resistance of marine invertebrates to elevated temperatures under scenarios of future climate change, it is crucial to understand parental effect of long acclimatization on thermal tolerance of offspring. to test whether there is parental effect of long acclimatization, adult sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus) from the same broodstock were transplanted southward and acclimatized at high temperature in field mesocosms. four groups of juvenile sea cucumbers whose parent ... | 2015 | 26580550 |
| enrichment, distribution of vanadium-containing protein in vanadium-enriched sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus and the ameliorative effect on insulin resistance. | sea cucumbers are a potential source of natural organic vanadium that may improve insulin resistance. in this work, vanadium was accumulated rapidly in blood, body wall, and intestine by sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. furthermore, water-soluble vanadium-containing proteins, the main form of the organic vanadium, were tentatively accumulated and isolated by a bioaccumulation experiment. it was also designed to evaluate the beneficial effect of vanadium-containing proteins (vcps) from sea cu ... | 2016 | 26419760 |
| comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of intestinal phosphorylated proteins in active versus aestivating sea cucumbers. | the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus is becoming an excellent model marine invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation. reversible protein phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism in aestivation is known for some terrestrial aestivators but has never before been documented in sea cucumbers. the present study provides a global quantitative analysis of the role of reversible phosphorylation in sea cucumber aestivation by using tandem mass tag (tmt) labeling followed by an i ... | 2016 | 26385000 |
| the effects of dietary lead on growth, bioaccumulation and antioxidant capacity in sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | three different diets amended with lead nitrate [pb(no3)2] (100, 500 and 1000mg pb/kg dry weight) and a pb-free control diet (1.03mg pb/kg dry weight) were fed to sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) for 30 days. the patterns of pb accumulation over time were determined in various tissues (body wall, intestine and respiratory tree), as well as growth performance and antioxidant enzymes activities. pb accumulation in body wall and intestine increased with time in all dietary pb treatments. when ... | 2015 | 26318566 |
| patterning of anteroposterior body axis displayed in the expression of hox genes in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | the presence of an anteroposterior body axis is a fundamental feature of bilateria. within this group, echinoderms have secondarily evolved pentameral symmetric body plans. although all echinoderms present bilaterally symmetric larval stages, they dramatically rearrange their body axis and develop a pentaradial body plan during metamorphosis. therefore, the location of their anteroposterior body axis in adult forms remains a contentious issue. unlike other echinoderms, sea cucumbers present an o ... | 2015 | 26250612 |
| effects of dietary vitamin c supplementation on lead-treated sea cucumbers, apostichopus japonicus. | this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid, asa) on lead (pb) accumulation and toxicity in sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. three hundred sea cucumbers (10.02±0.02g) fed a basal diet containing 100mg pb/kg were subjected to 5 levels of l-ascorbate-2-polyphosphate (lapp) supplementation to achieve 5 asa treatment levels of 0, 2727, 4630, 9171, 13,893mg asa/kg. after 30 days, specific growth rate (sgr) and body weight gain (bwg) of sup ... | 2015 | 25890051 |
| identification and expression patterns of extracellular matrix-associated genes fibropellin-ia and tenascin involved in regeneration of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers have a strong regenerative capacity. many important genes involved in the molecular mechanism of regeneration and associated with intercellular signaling pathways of regeneration have been identified. the product of the fibropellin-ia gene forms a layer known as the apical lamina that surrounds the sea cucumber embryo throughout development. meanwhile, the tenascin gene displays highly restricted and dynamic patterns of expression in the embryo and is expressed in the adult during ... | 2015 | 25841990 |
| assessment of total and organic vanadium levels and their bioaccumulation in edible sea cucumbers: tissues distribution, inter-species-specific, locational differences and seasonal variations. | the objective of this study is to investigate the levels, inter-species-specific, locational differences and seasonal variations of vanadium in sea cucumbers and to validate further several potential factors controlling the distribution of metals in sea cucumbers. vanadium levels were evaluated in samples of edible sea cucumbers and were demonstrated exhibit differences in different seasons, species and sampling sites. high vanadium concentrations were measured in the sea cucumbers, and all of t ... | 2016 | 25732906 |
| influence of flow velocity on motor behavior of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | the influence of flow velocity on the motor behavior of the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus was investigated in the laboratory. cameras were used to record sea cucumber movements and behavior analysis software was used to measure the distance traveled, time spent, upstream or downstream of the start position and the speed of movements. in general, the mean velocity of a. japonicus was below 0.7mms(-1). the maximum velocity recorded for all the sea cucumbers tested was for a large individual ... | 2015 | 25727024 |
| polymorphisms of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus and their association with heat-resistance. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) functions as a molecular chaperone and plays an important role in the resistance of organisms to stress, particularly heat-stress. in our study, 12 exons and 11 introns of hsp90 were identified in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), including three non-synonymous mutations, were detected in the exons. susceptible and resistant individuals were distinguished using a high-temperature (32 °c) challenge experiment. ... | 2014 | 25270529 |
| differential gene expression in the respiratory tree of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus during aestivation. | sea cucumbers, apostichopus japonicus, experience seasonally high water temperatures during the summer months and enter aestivation to survive. aestivation is characterized by strong metabolic rate depression which is supported by a series of strategies including reorganizing metabolic processes, suppressing cell functions, enhancing cytoprotective mechanisms, and altered gene expression. the respiratory tree tissue of the sea cucumber is an excellent material for studying aestivation, undergoin ... | 2014 | 25038515 |
| cloning and expression analysis of wnt6 and hox6 during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | many developmental genes play important roles in regeneration. here, we cloned the two developmental genes, wnt6 and hox6, from apostichopus japonicus by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the wnt6 full-length cdna is 1140 bp long with a 1029-bp open reading frame encoding 342 amino acids. the deduced wnt6 protein contained a 22-amino acid signal peptide and a 274-amino acid mature peptide. the hox6 (ajhbox6) full-length cdna contained 1312 bp with a 966-bp ... | 2013 | 24301793 |
| rna-seq reveals dynamic changes of gene expression in key stages of intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. [corrected]. | sea cucumbers (holothuroidea; echinodermata) have the capacity to regenerate lost tissues and organs. although the histological and cytological aspects of intestine regeneration have been extensively studied, little is known of the genetic mechanisms involved. there has, however, been a renewed effort to develop a database of expressed sequence tags (ests) in apostichopus japonicus, an economically-important species that occurs in china. this is important for studies on genetic breeding, molecul ... | 2013 | 23936330 |
| physiological characterization of aerobic culturable bacteria in the intestine of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | various aerobic culturable bacteria (1,133 isolates) were isolated from the gut of apostichopus japonicus (black adult, green adult, black small, green small, black juvenile, and green juvenile sea cucumbers) and from the sea sediment and the seawater using different culture conditions and without enrichment culture. by molecular analysis of partial 16s rrna gene sequences of 231 isolates, they were tentatively affiliated with 53 described species in the phyla firmicutes (42 species), proteobact ... | 2013 | 23518513 |
| eelgrass detritus as a food source for the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka (echinidermata: holothuroidea) in coastal waters of north china: an experimental study in flow-through systems. | eelgrass ecosystems have a wide variety of ecological functions in which living tissues and detritus may be a food source for many marine animals. in this study, we conducted a laboratory simulating experiment to understand the trophic relationship between the eelgrass zostera marina l and the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. a mixture of decaying eelgrass debris and seafloor surface muddy sediments was used as food to feed a. japonicus, and then specific growth rates (sgr) and fecal product ... | 2013 | 23505480 |
| the protein precursors of peptides that affect the mechanics of connective tissue and/or muscle in the echinoderm apostichopus japonicus. | peptides that cause muscle relaxation or contraction or that modulate electrically-induced muscle contraction have been discovered in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (phylum echinodermata; class holothuroidea). by analysing transcriptome sequence data, here the protein precursors of six of these myoactive peptides (the salmfamides sticho-mfamide-1 and -2, ngiwyamide, stichopin, gn-19 and glrfa) have been identified, providing novel insights on neuropeptide and endocrine-type signalling s ... | 2012 | 22952987 |
| antifungal nortriterpene and triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka. | a nortriterpene glycoside, 26-nor-25-oxo-holotoxin a1 (1), four triterpene glycosides, including both holostane and non-holostane types analogues, holotoxins d-g (2-5), together with three known triterpene glycosides, holotoxins a1 and b (6, 7), and cladoloside b (8), were isolated from the warty sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka, a traditional tonic with high economic value in china. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analysi ... | 2012 | 26434293 |
| transcriptome sequencing and characterization for the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka, 1867). | sea cucumbers are a special group of marine invertebrates. they occupy a taxonomic position that is believed to be important for understanding the origin and evolution of deuterostomes. some of them such as apostichopus japonicus represent commercially important aquaculture species in asian countries. many efforts have been devoted to increasing the number of expressed sequence tags (ests) for a. japonicus, but a comprehensive characterization of its transcriptome remains lacking. here, we perfo ... | 2012 | 22428017 |
| development of new microsatellite dna markers from apostichopus japonicus and their cross-species application in parastichopus parvimensis and pathallus mollis. | twenty microsatellite dna markers were developed for sea cucumber and used to investigate polymorphisms of 60 wild apostichopus japonicus individuals collected from china. it revealed that all the markers were polymorphic. a total of 164 alleles were detected at 20 loci. the number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 17 with an average of 8.2, and the expected heterozygosities of each locus ranged from 0.03 to 0.89 with an average of 0.64. cross-species amplification was also conducted in para ... | 2011 | 22016632 |
| allele-specific pcr genotyping of the hsp70 gene polymorphism discriminating the green and red color variants sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus). | color variation is a well-known feature of sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus), which are classified into three groups based on their colors of red, green and black. it is also one of the most important traits related to how they taste, and it thereby affects their market price. attempts were made to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and to analyze differences associated with snp genotypes between green and red color variants using hsp70 as the target gene. the hsp70 gene, which ... | 2011 | 21867961 |
| large scale gene expression profiling during intestine and body wall regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. | sea cucumbers are fascinating invertebrate organisms because of their ability to rapidly regenerate many organs and appendages. in this study 454 cdna sequencing method was used to characterize transcriptome in apostichopus japonicus in order to investigate genes that are active in regeneration. based on sequence similarity with known genes, our analysis identified 6590 genes expressed in the early stages of regeneration of the intestine and body wall. assembled sequences were annotated with gen ... | 2011 | 21501978 |
| differentiation of dried sea cucumber products from different geographical areas by surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. | without any sample pretreatment, mass spectral fingerprints of 486 dried sea cucumber slices were rapidly recorded in the mass range of m/z 50-800 by using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (dapci-ms). a set of 162 individual sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus selenka) grown up in 3 different geographical regions (weihai: 59 individuals, 177 slices; yantai: 53 individuals, 159 slices; dalian: 50 individuals, 150 slices;) in north china sea were succ ... | 2009 | 19788186 |
| ngfffamide and echinotocin: structurally unrelated myoactive neuropeptides derived from neurophysin-containing precursors in sea urchins. | the myoactive neuropeptide ngiwyamide was originally isolated from the holothurian (sea cucumber) apostichopus japonicus but there is evidence that ngiwyamide-like peptides also occur in other echinoderms. here we report the discovery of a gene in the sea urchin strongylocentrotus purpuratus that encodes two copies of an ngiwyamide-like peptide: asn-gly-phe-phe-phe-(nh(2)) or ngfffamide. interestingly, the c-terminal region of the ngfffamide precursor shares sequence similarity with neurophysins ... | 2009 | 19329739 |
| neuronal peptides induce oocyte maturation and gamete spawning of sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus. | extracts prepared from tissues containing buccal ring nerve or longitudinal radial nerve of sea cucumber induce oocyte maturation and ovulation from ovarian tissues. we purified two small peptides, a pentapeptide and a heptapeptide, from the buccal tissues of japanese common sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicas. both peptides induced oocyte maturation and gamete spawning. the pentapeptide was identified as ngiwyamide. this peptide induced in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown and ovulation of full ... | 2009 | 19059232 |
| [bioremediation potential of apostichopus japonicus (selenka) in coastal bivalve suspension aquaculture system]. | suspension aquaculture of filter-feeding bivalves can produce large amount of faeces and pseudofaeces (biodeposits) that may impact aquaculture environment, while deposit-feeding sea cucumbers may effectively utilize such particulate wastes and act as a scavenger in mariculture system. in this paper, the ingestion, growth, and excretion of deposit-feeder apostichopus japonicus were investigated in situ seasonally to evaluate its bioremediation potential of a suspension aquaculture system of filt ... | 2008 | 18593051 |
| sun-beams, cucumbers, and purple bacteria : historical milestones in early studies of photosynthesis revisited. | discovery of the general outlines of plant and bacterial photosyntheses required the efforts of a large number of gifted scientists over the course of two centuries. the first to suggest that sunlight might affect plants in some way other than through conversion of light to heat was stephen hales, in 1725, and this notion was promptly satirized by jonathan swift in his description of the "cucumber project" ingulliver's travels (1726). considerably later, in 1772, joseph priestley reported the fi ... | 1988 | 24425441 |
| trichome-related mutants provide a new perspective on multicellular trichome initiation and development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l). | trichomes are specialized epidermal cells located in aerial parts of plants that function in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. the simple unicellular trichomes of arabidopsis serve as an excellent model to study the molecular mechanism of cell differentiation and pattern formation in plants. loss-of-function mutations in arabidopsis thaliana have suggested that the core genes gl1 (which encodes a myb transcription factor) and ttg1 (which encodes a wd40 repeat-containing protein) ... | 2016 | 27559338 |
| short hypocotyl1 encodes a smarca3-like chromatin remodeling factor regulating elongation. | in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), the uvr8-mediated signaling pathway is employed to attain uvb protection and acclimation to deal with low-dosage uvb (lduvb)-induced stresses. here, we identified short hypocotyl1 (sh1) in cucumber (cucumis sativus), which regulates lduvb-dependent hypocotyl elongation by modulating the uvr8 signaling pathway. we showed that hypocotyl elongation in cucumbers carrying the recessive sh1 allele was lduvb insensitive and that sh1 encoded a human smarca3-like ch ... | 2016 | 27559036 |
| pentatricopeptide repeat 336 as the candidate gene for paternal sorting of mitochondria (psm) in cucumber. | pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) 336 was identified as the candidate gene for paternal sorting of mitochondria ( psm ), a nuclear locus that affects the predominant mitochondria transmitted to progenies. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a useful plant to study organellar-nuclear interactions because its organelles show differential transmission, maternal for chloroplasts and paternal for mitochondria. the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of cucumber is relatively large due in part to accumulation of repe ... | 2016 | 27423873 |
| the loss-of-function glabrous 3 mutation in cucumber is due to ltr-retrotransposon insertion in a class iv hd-zip transcription factor gene csgl3 that is epistatic over csgl1. | trichomes, developed from the protodermal cells (the outermost cell layer of the embryo), are hair-like structures covering the aerial parts of plants. the genetic network regulating trichome development has been extensively studied and well understood in the model species arabidopsis thaliana, which bears unicellular, non-glandular and branched trichomes. however, little is known about the genetic and molecular basis of organogenesis of multi-cellular trichomes in plant species like cucumber (c ... | 2015 | 26714637 |
| silencing of the gibberellin receptor homolog, csgid1a, affects locule formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit. | gibberellins are phytohormones with many roles, including the regulation of fruit development. however, little is known about the relationship between ga perception and fleshy fruit ontogeny, and particularly locule formation. we characterized the expression of cucumber (cucumis sativus) ga receptor gene (csgid1a) using quantitative real-time pcr, in situ hybridization and a promoter::β-glucuronidase (gus) assay. csgid1a-rnai cucumber fruits were observed by dissecting microscope, scanning elect ... | 2016 | 26701170 |
| transcriptome profiling of trichome-less reveals genes associated with multicellular trichome development in cucumis sativus. | trichomes on plants, similar to fine hairs on animal and human bodies, play important roles in plant survival and development. they also represent a useful model for the study of cell differentiation. although the regulatory gene network of unicellular trichome development in arabidopsis thaliana has been well studied, the genes that regulate multicellular trichome development remain unclear. we confirmed that cucumis sativus (cucumber) trichomes are multicellular and unbranched, but identified ... | 2015 | 25952908 |
| plant aldo-keto reductases (akrs) as multi-tasking soldiers involved in diverse plant metabolic processes and stress defense: a structure-function update. | the aldo-keto reductase (akr) superfamily comprises of a large number of primarily monomeric protein members, which reduce a broad spectrum of substrates ranging from simple sugars to potentially toxic aldehydes. plant akrs can be broadly categorized into four important functional groups, which highlight their roles in diverse plant metabolic reactions including reactive aldehyde detoxification, biosynthesis of osmolytes, secondary metabolism and membrane transport. further, multiple overlapping ... | 2015 | 25840343 |
| molecular and physiological mechanisms regulating tissue reunion in incised plant tissues. | interactions among the functionally specialized organs of higher plants ensure that the plant body develops and functions properly in response to changing environmental conditions. when an incision or grafting procedure interrupts the original organ or tissue connection, cell division is induced and tissue reunion occurs to restore physiological connections. such activities have long been observed in grafting techniques, which are advantageous not only for agriculture and horticulture but also f ... | 2015 | 25736731 |
| micro-trichome as a class i homeodomain-leucine zipper gene regulates multicellular trichome development in cucumis sativus. | plant trichomes serve as a highly suitable model for investigating cell differentiation at the single-cell level. the regulatory genes involved in unicellular trichome development in arabidopsis thaliana have been intensively studied, but genes regulating multicellular trichome development in plants remain unclear. here, we characterized cucumis sativus (cucumber) trichomes as representative multicellular and unbranched structures, and identified micro-trichome (mict), using map-based cloning in ... | 2015 | 25735194 |
| transcriptome analysis in cucumis sativus identifies genes involved in multicellular trichome development. | the regulatory gene network of unicellular trichome development in arabidopsis thaliana has been studied intensively, but that of multicellular remains unclear. in the present study, we characterized cucumber trichomes as representative multicellular and unbranched structures, but in a spontaneous mutant, mict (micro-trichome), all trichomes showed a micro-size and stunted morphologies. we revealed the transcriptome profile using illumina hiseq 2000 sequencing technology, and determined that a t ... | 2015 | 25666662 |
| application of two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae for plant-pest interaction studies. | the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, is a ubiquitous polyphagous arthropod herbivore that feeds on a remarkably broad array of species, with more than 150 of economic value. it is a major pest of greenhouse crops, especially in solanaceae and cucurbitaceae (e.g., tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, zucchini) and greenhouse ornamentals (e.g., roses, chrysanthemum, carnations), annual field crops (such as maize, cotton, soybean, and sugar beet), and in perennial cultures (alfalfa ... | 2014 | 25046103 |
| association between photosynthesis and contrasting features of minor veins in leaves of summer annuals loading phloem via symplastic versus apoplastic routes. | foliar vascular anatomy and photosynthesis were evaluated for a number of summer annual species that either load sugars into the phloem via a symplastic route (cucumis sativus l. cv. straight eight; cucurbita pepo l. cv. italian zucchini romanesco; citrullus lanatus l. cv. faerie hybrid; cucurbita pepo l. cv. autumn gold) or an apoplastic route (nicotiana tabacum l.; solanum lycopersicum l. cv. brandywine; gossypium hirsutum l.; helianthus annuus l. cv. soraya), as well as winter annual apoplast ... | 2014 | 24450755 |
| genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the mlo gene family in cucumis sativus. | mildew resistance locus o (mlo) is a plant-specific seven-transmembrane (tm) gene family. several studies have revealed that certain members of the mlo gene family mediate powdery mildew susceptibility in three plant species, namely, arabidopsis, barley, and tomato. the sequenced cucumber genome provides an opportunity to conduct a comprehensive overview of the mlo gene family. fourteen genes (designated csmlo01 through csmlo14) have been identified within the cucumis sativus genome by using an ... | 2013 | 24391003 |
| iron deficiency in plants: an insight from proteomic approaches. | iron (fe) deficiency chlorosis is a major nutritional disorder for crops growing in calcareous soils, and causes decreases in vegetative growth as well as marked yield and quality losses. with the advances in mass spectrometry techniques, a substantial body of knowledge has arisen on the changes in the protein profiles of different plant parts and compartments as a result of fe deficiency. changes in the protein profile of thylakoids from several species have been investigated using gel-based tw ... | 2013 | 23898336 |
| genome-wide analysis of nbs-encoding disease resistance genes in cucumis sativus and phylogenetic study of nbs-encoding genes in cucurbitaceae crops. | plant nucleotide-binding site (nbs)-leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins encoded by resistance genes play an important role in the responses of plants to various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. in this study, a comprehensive analysis of nbs-encoding genes within the whole cucumber genome was performed, and the phylogenetic relationships of nbs-encoding resistance gene homologues (rghs) belonging to six species in five genera of cucurbitaceae crops were compared. | 2013 | 23418910 |
| one divinyl reductase reduces the 8-vinyl groups in various intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis in a given higher plant species, but the isozyme differs between species. | divinyl reductase (dvr) converts 8-vinyl groups on various chlorophyll intermediates to ethyl groups, which is indispensable for chlorophyll biosynthesis. to date, five dvr activities have been detected, but adequate evidence of enzymatic assays using purified or recombinant dvr proteins has not been demonstrated, and it is unclear whether one or multiple enzymes catalyze these activities. in this study, we systematically carried out enzymatic assays using four recombinant dvr proteins and five ... | 2013 | 23154534 |
| shoot to root communication is necessary to control the expression of iron-acquisition genes in strategy i plants. | previous research showed that auxin, ethylene, and nitric oxide (no) can activate the expression of iron (fe)-acquisition genes in the roots of strategy i plants grown with low levels of fe, but not in plants grown with high levels of fe. however, it is still an open question as to how fe acts as an inhibitor and which pool of fe (e.g., root, phloem, etc.) in the plant acts as the key regulator for gene expression control. to further clarify this, we studied the effect of the foliar application ... | 2013 | 22983673 |
| the genome sequence of the north-european cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) unravels evolutionary adaptation mechanisms in plants. | cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a widely cultivated crop, has originated from eastern himalayas and secondary domestication regions includes highly divergent climate conditions e.g. temperate and subtropical. we wanted to uncover adaptive genome differences between the cucumber cultivars and what sort of evolutionary molecular mechanisms regulate genetic adaptation of plants to different ecosystems and organism biodiversity. here we present the draft genome sequence of the cucumis sativus genome ... | 2011 | 21829493 |
| acute exposure to uv-b sensitizes cucumber, tomato, and arabidopsis plants to photooxidative stress by inhibiting thermal energy dissipation and antioxidant defense. | to characterize a change in npq upon exposure to ultraviolet-b (uv-b), the xanthophyll cycle-dependent and -independent npqs were compared in cucumis sativus, lycopersicum esculentum, and arabidopsis thaliana leaves. the xanthophyll cycle-dependent npq was dramatically but reversibly suppressed by uv-b radiation. this suppression was correlated more strongly with a marked decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rather than changes in xanthophyll cycle enzymes such as violaxanthin de-epoxid ... | 2011 | 21436613 |
| evidence of physiological phototropin1 (phot1) action in response to uv-c illumination. | stem growth kinetics were measured in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and arabidopsis thaliana using highly-sensitive monitoring with 5-minute resolution, in darkness and in response to a short, single pulse of uv-c illumination. the results show that uv-c, like blue light, induces a rapid decrease in seedling growth rate. the fluence-response kinetics and time course were similar to the phototropin1 mediated response observed following a blue pulse. arabidopsis seedlings were used to assess the gene ... | 2010 | 20861684 |
| biochemical changes associated with in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen species under chilling-light conditions. | during physiological stress, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) degradation is accelerated, which is considered to be one of the key factors responsible for photosynthetic decline. a recent study has shown that the large subunit (rbcl) of rubisco is directly fragmented by hydroxyl radicals in cucumis sativus leaves under chilling-light conditions. in the present study, we investigated biochemical aspects associated with this in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen sp ... | 2010 | 20653886 |
| a lysine-63-linked ubiquitin chain-forming conjugase, ubc13, promotes the developmental responses to iron deficiency in arabidopsis roots. | iron-deficiency responses comprise molecular, physiological and developmental adjustments, ultimately leading to an improved cellular fe homeostasis. by using a proteomic approach, we identified the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ubc13 as being highly responsive to the fe regime at the post-transcriptional level in the tips of cucumber (cucumis sativus) roots. ubc13 has been shown to catalyze non-canonical lys63-linked ubiquitin chains, playing important roles in signal transduction among eukaryot ... | 2010 | 20113438 |
| photomorphogenic regulation of increases in uv-absorbing pigments in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and arabidopsis thaliana seedlings induced by different uv-b and uv-c wavebands. | brief (1-100 min) irradiations with three different ultraviolet-b (uv-b) and ultraviolet-c (uv-c) wave bands induced increases the uv-absorbing pigments extracted from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and arabidopsis. spectra of methanol/1% hcl extracts from cucumber hypocotyl segments spanning 250-400 nm showed a single defined peak at 317 nm. when seedlings were irradiated with 5 kj m(-2) uv-b radiation containing proportionally greater short wavelength uv-b (37% of uv-b between 280 and 300 nm; f ... | 2010 | 20070846 |
| characterization of cssef1 gene encoding putative ccch-type zinc finger protein expressed during cucumber somatic embryogenesis. | somatic embryos obtained in vitro are a form of vegetative reproduction that can be used in artificial seed technology, as well as a model to study the principles of plant development. in order to isolate the genes involved in somatic embryogenesis of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), we utilized the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). one of the obtained sequences was the cssef1 clone (cucumis sativus somatic embryogenesis zinc finger 1), with a level of expression that sharply increa ... | 2009 | 18778873 |
| expression of a high mobility group protein isolated from cucumis sativus affects the germination of arabidopsis thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. | although high mobility group b (hmgb) proteins have been identified from a variety of plant species, their importance and functional roles in plant responses to changing environmental conditions are largely unknown. here, we investigated the functional roles of a cshmgb isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in plant responses to environmental stimuli. under normal growth conditions or when subjected to cold stress, no differences in plant growth were found between the wild-type and transge ... | 2008 | 18713428 |
| mosaic (msc) cucumbers regenerated from independent cell cultures possess different mitochondrial rearrangements. | passage of the highly inbred cucumber ( cucumis sativus l.) line b through cell culture produces progenies with paternally transmitted, mosaic (msc) phenotypes. because the mitochondrial genome of cucumber shows paternal transmission, we evaluated for structural polymorphisms by hybridizing cosmids spanning the entire mitochondrial genome of arabidopsis thaliana l. to dna-gel blots of four independently generated msc and four wild-type cucumbers. polymorphisms were identified by cosmids carrying ... | 2004 | 14586555 |
| subcellular localization of two types of ferrochelatase in cucumber. | it is widely believed that ferrochelatase (protoheme ferrolyase, ec 4.99.1.1), which catalyzes the insertion of ferrous ion into protoporphyrin ix to form protoheme, exists in both plastids and mitochondria of higher plants. by in vitro import assay with isolated pea (pisum sativum l.) organelles, it has been proposed that one of two isoforms of ferrochelatase (type 1) is dual-targeted into both plastids and mitochondria, and functions for heme biosynthesis in the both organelles. recently, howe ... | 2003 | 12905021 |
| purification of an aminopeptidase preferentially releasing n-terminal alanine from cucumber leaves and its identification as a plant aminopeptidase n. | in this study, a highly active foliar aminopeptidase preferentially releasing n-terminal alanine from artificial substrates was purified and characterized from cucumber (cucumis sativus l. suyo). the enzyme had a molecular mass of 200 kda consisting of two subunits of 95 kda. it was a metalloprotease the ph optimum of which was 8 to 9. it cleaved ala-, gly-, met-, ser-, leu-, lys-, and arg artificial substrates. an internal amino acid sequence was similar to those of aminopeptidase n (clan ma, f ... | 2001 | 11826983 |
| the positive hook: the role of gravity in the formation and opening of the apical hook. | photographic observations on germinating seedlings of lepidium sativum l., cucumis sativus l., and helianthus annuus l. showed that the hypocotyl hook is not present in the seed but forms during the early stages of growth. evidence that gravity plays a major role in inducing curvature of the hypocotyl, and in maintaining the hook once it has been formed, was obtained from clinostat experiments, from the use of morphactin to remove geotropic sensitivity and from inversion of seedlings to change t ... | 1983 | 24264451 |
| glutathione s-transferase slgste1 in spodoptera litura may be associated with feeding adaptation of host plants. | spodoptera litura is polyphagous pest insect and feeds on plants of more than 90 families. in this study the role of glutathione s-transferase epilson 1 (slgste1) in s. litura in detoxification was examined. this gene was up-regulated in the midgut of s. litura at the transcriptional and protein levels when the insect fed on brassica juncea or diet containing phytochemicals such as indole-3-carbinol and allyl-isothiocyanate that are metabolic products of sinigrin and glucobrassicin in b. juncea. ... | 2016 | 26631599 |
| lipases in the storage tissues of peanut and other oil seeds during germination. | the castor-bean endosperm-the best-studied material of reserve lipid hydrolysis in seed germination-was previously shown to have an acid lipase and an alkaline lipase having reciprocal patterns of development during germination. we studied oil seeds from 7 species, namely castor bean (ricinus communis l.), peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), sunflower (helianthus annus l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), cotton (gossypisum hirsutum l.), corn (zea mays. l.) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). t ... | 1978 | 24414640 |
| translocation of nickel in xylem exudate of plants. | topped plants of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), cucumber (cucumis sativus), corn (zea mays), carrot (daucus carota), and peanut (arachis hypogaea) were treated with 0.5 to 50 micromolar ni (containing (63)ni) in nutrient solutions. xylem exudate was collected for 10 hours or, in the case of corn, for 20 hours at 5-hour intervals. electrophoresis of nutrient solution distributed all ni cathodically as inorganic ni(2+). low concentrations of ni in tomato exudate migrated anodically, presumably ... | 1971 | 16657780 |
| characterization of the solution reactivity of a basic heme peroxidase from cucumis sativus. | a basic heme peroxidase has been isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus) peelings and characterized through electronic and (1)h nmr spectra from ph 3 to 11. the protein, as isolated, contains a high-spin ferriheme which in the low ph region is sensitive to two acid-base equilibria with apparent pk(a) values of approximately 5 and 3.6, assigned to the distal histidine and to a heme propionate, respectively. at high ph, a new low-spin species develops with an apparent pk(a) of 11, likely due to t ... | 2004 | 15001396 |
| isolation and characterization of two peroxidases from cucumis sativus. | two heme peroxidases of 35.2 and 36.5 kda have been isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus) peelings and characterized through electronic and 1h nmr spectra in the ph range 3.5-10.5. their spectroscopic and catalytic properties, which are closely similar, are characteristic of highly homologous isoenzymes. both proteins, as isolated, exist as a mixture of two ferric forms containing a high-spin and a low-spin heme in an approximately 2:1 molar ratio. the latter form likely contains a hydroxide ... | 2001 | 11361125 |
| neural control of muscle relaxation in echinoderms. | smooth muscle relaxation in vertebrates is regulated by a variety of neuronal signalling molecules, including neuropeptides and nitric oxide (no). the physiology of muscle relaxation in echinoderms is of particular interest because these animals are evolutionarily more closely related to the vertebrates than to the majority of invertebrate phyla. however, whilst in vertebrates there is a clear structural and functional distinction between visceral smooth muscle and skeletal striated muscle, this ... | 2001 | 11171411 |
| intracellular localization of phytochrome in robinia pseudoacacia pulvini. | the intracellular localization of phytochrome in the pulvini of robinia pseudoacacia l. was analyzed by immunogold electron microscopy after red (r; 15 min) and far-red (fr; 5 min) irradiation 2 h after the beginning of the photoperiod. screening of the available antibodies by immunoblotting demonstrated that none of the oat (avena sativa l.) anti-phytochrome a (phy a) monoclonal antibodies) (mabs) detected robinia phytochrome. a putative robinia phy a was detected by immunoblotting using a mab ... | 2001 | 11556789 |
| 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid-a potent inhibitor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants. | 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid, a suicide inactivator of the mammalian pyridoxal phosphate-dependent 4-aminobutyric acid:2-oxoglutaric acid aminotransferase, inhibits phytochrome and chlorophyll synthesis in developing oat (avena sativa l.), corn (zea mays l.), pea (pisum sativum l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. in avena and cucumis seedlings, respectively, inhibition of phytochrome and chlorophyll accumulation by 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid can be significantly reversed by application of ... | 1988 | 16666377 |
| do some plant responses to cytokinins involve the cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway? | a disengagement of the cyanide-resistant, alternative respiratory pathway in soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) callus tissue was observed prior to the start of deoxyisoflavone production stimulated by addition of the cytokinin benzyladenine. to test whether this loss of alternativepathway activity was part of the response to cytokinin, inhibitors of the alternative pathway were assayed for their ability to elicit cytokinin-like responses. salicylhydroxamic acid (sham) was found to produce a deoxy ... | 1987 | 24225916 |
| chloroplast biogenesis 49 : differences among angiosperms in the biosynthesis and accumulation of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide during photoperiodic greening. | various angiosperms differed in their monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic capabilities during the dark and light phases of photoperiodic growth. some plant species such as cucumis sativus l., brassica juncea (l.) coss., brassica kaber (dc.) wheeler, and portulaca oleracea l. accumulated mainly divinyl protochlorophyllide at night. monocotyledonous species such as avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare l., triticum secale l., zea mays l., and some dicotyledonous species such as phase ... | 1985 | 16664351 |
| iron requirement and iron uptake from various iron compounds by different plant species. | the fe requirements of four monocotyledonous plant species (avena sativa l., triticum aestivum l., oryza sativa l., zea mays l.) and of three dicotyledonous species (lycopersicum esculentum mill., cucumis sativus l., glycine maxima (l.) merr.) in hydroponic cultures were ascertained. fe was given as nafe-eddha chelate (fe ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetate). i found that the monocotyledonous species required a substantially higher fe concentration in the nutrient solution in order to att ... | 1974 | 16658933 |
| intra- and interspecific competition between western flower thrips and sweetpotato whitefly. | the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), are both invasive insect pests and are present in most of the same agricultural crops without a clear dominance of either species. here, intra- and interspecific competition in b. tabaci and f. occidentalis was determined under controlled experiments. the results showed that intraspecific competition was distinct in f. occidentalis and that the co-occurrence of b. tabaci ha ... | 2014 | 25480973 |
| plant-mediated changes in the feeding behavior of an invasive whitefly. | the invasive whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a worldwide pest of agricultural crops that feeds on a wide variety of host plants. although host plant preference is known to vary among b. tabaci biotypes, far less is known about the potential for intraspecific divergence caused by long-term isolation on a single species of host plant. we tested the hypothesis that multigenerational isolation of b. tabaci b, a biotype that has been well-established in china for nearly two decades, on three d ... | 2013 | 24073848 |
| relative amount of symbionts in insect hosts changes with host-plant adaptation and insecticide resistance. | the impact of symbionts on their hosts depends on their infection density. in the current study, we investigated the effects of host plant and insecticide resistance on the relative amount of symbionts portiera, hamiltonella, rickettsia, and cardinium in the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype. the relative amount of symbionts in three host plant-adapted subpopulations (cucumber, cucumis sativus l.; cabbage, brassica oleracea l.; and cotton, gossypium herbaceum l.) with the same geneti ... | 2013 | 23339787 |
| populations of predators and parasitoids of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) after the application of eight biorational insecticides in vegetable crops. | the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is an important pest of vegetables and many other crops worldwide. eight biorational insecticides (based on oil, plant derivatives, insect growth regulator and fungus) were evaluated in the field for their influence on populations of six natural enemies of b. tabaci. natural populations of two predators [chrysoperla carnea stephen (neuroptera: chrysopidae) and orius spp. (hemiptera: anthocoridae)] and two genera of pa ... | 2011 | 21480463 |
| effects of morphological characteristics of cucumis sativus seedlings grown at different vapor pressure deficits on initial colonization of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | we investigated the effects of morphological characteristics of cucumber, cucumis sativus l., seedlings grown at different vapor pressure deficits (vpds) on initial colonization of whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype b. the seedlings were grown at a vpd of 3.8 or 0.4 kpa for 9 d at 30 degrees c under a photoperiod of 12:12 (l:d) h. pairs of seedlings, one grown at high vpd and the other at low vpd, were then installed in cages with a vpd of 1.3 kpa, and adults of ... | 2009 | 20069856 |
| taxonomic significance of trichomes micromorphology in cucurbits. | studies on trichomes micromorphology using scanning electron microscope (sem) were undertaken in 23 species with one variety under 13 genera of the family cucurbitaceae (viz., benincasa hispida (thunb.) cogn., citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsum. & nakai, cucumis melo var. agrestis naudin, cucumis sativus l., diplocyclos palmatus (l.) c. jeffrey, edgaria dargeelingensis c.b. clarke, gynostemma burmanicum king ex chakr., gynostemma pentaphyllum (thunb.) makino, gynostemma pubescens (gagnep.) c.y. w ... | 2011 | 23961108 |