| early formation of streptococcus sobrinus biofilm on various dental restorative materials. | to examine the formation of dental biofilm by streptococcus sobrinus on different types of restorative materials, using a model consisting of host and bacterial constituents. | 2002 | 11741735 |
| caries inhibition efficacy of an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice. | to evaluate the efficacy of a fluoride dentifrice containing a fixed combination of essential oils (thymol, menthol, eucalyptol, and methyl salicylate) in preventing caries in sprague dawley rats. | 2000 | 11763908 |
| [experimental study of bacteriostatic activity of chinese herbal medicines on primary cariogenic bacteria in vitro]. | to screen some chinese herbal medicines for their inhibitory activity on cariogenic bacteria, and investigate their active ingredients, and measure their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc). | 2001 | 11769659 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a castor oil-based irrigant. | the antimicrobial activity of irrigating solutions--endoquil (castor oil detergent), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, and 0.5% naocl solution-was evaluated against gram-positive cocci (micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus mutans, and streptococcus sobrinus), gram-negative rods (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the yeast candida albicans. activity was evaluated using the two-layer agar diffusion technique. ... | 2001 | 11771574 |
| mutans streptococci--in families and on tooth sites. studies on the distribution, acquisition and persistence using dna fingerprinting. | mutans streptococci (ms) are bacteria showing several cariogenic traits. this thesis is based on the concept that humans acquire ms directly or indirectly from each other. previous research on the transmission of the bacteria in families has indicated that children acquire ms from their mothers. just a few studies have included fathers. diverging results have been presented about spouses acquiring ms from each other. the information on the distribution of ms types at a tooth surface level has be ... | 2001 | 11799837 |
| adhesion in vitro of oral streptococci to porcelain, composite resin cement and human enamel. | we investigated the initial adhesion in vitro of oral streptococci to porcelain inlays. four strains of streptococci, streptococcus mitis nctc12261, streptococcus oralis atcc9811, streptococcus sanguis atcc10556 and streptococcus sobrinus omz176, were used in this study. the disc specimens were made of porcelain, composite resin cement and human enamel. these specimens, with or without a saliva-coat, were immersed in a suspension of each streptococci strain at 37 degrees c for 1 hr, and the numb ... | 2000 | 11816366 |
| [effect of monoclonal antibody on the colonization of streptococcus sobrinus and the development of dental caries in rats]. | to investigate the effect of local application of monoclonal antibody (mcab) raised against the major cell surface protein antigen of streptococcus sobrinus (pag) on the colonization of rats' teeth by streptococcus sobrinus (s. sobrinus) and the development of dental caries. | 1999 | 11834175 |
| stability and activity of specific antibodies against streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus in bovine milk fermented with lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg or treated at ultra-high temperature. | passive local immunization against dental caries is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. by means of systemic immunization of pregnant cows with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of igg antibodies against human cariogenic bacteria, streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus, were produced in bovine colostrum. the purified immune product (ip) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic pr ... | 2002 | 11860550 |
| cariogenicity of different types of milk: an experimental study using animal model. | this study evaluated the cariogenic potential of infant formulas and cow's milk, using a high cariogenic challenge in the animal model. sixty female wistar rats infected with streptococcus sobrinus and desalivated were randomly divided into 6 groups, which received ad libitum: 1) sterilized deionized distilled water (sdw) with 5% sucrose; 2) cow's milk; 3) nan 2; 4) nestogeno 2; 5) ninho growth supporting; 6) sdw. groups 1 and 6 also received essential diet ncp#2 by gavage, twice a day. after 21 ... | 2002 | 11870958 |
| bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries. | the goals of this cross-sectional study were to characterize and compare demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors potentially associated with early childhood caries (ecc) and to assess salivary levels of mutans streptococci (ms) and lactobacilli (lb) in underserved, predominantly hispanic children. one hundred forty-six children aged 3 to 55 months with a range of caries experience were identified and examined. ecc was primarily associated with the presence of ms and lack of access to ... | 2002 | 11878278 |
| screening of antiadherent activity on streptococcus sobrinus culture. | the mutans group of streptococci is considered to play a key role in the etiology of dental caries. we have evaluated the ability of different substances to prevent dental plaque formation without affecting streptococcus sobrinus viability. viable organisms were detected as cfu/ml in agar plates and bacterial adherence was assessed by dry weight. we studied 23 compounds and we demonstrated that phenyl salicylate, phenylmercuric nitrate and potassium iodate are more effective to inhibit adhesion ... | 1997 | 11885077 |
| cariogenic traits in xylitol-resistant and xylitol-sensitive mutans streptococci. | long-term xylitol consumption leads to the emergence of xylitol-resistant (x-r) mutans streptococci. the aim of the present study was to compare cariogenic traits in x-r and xylitol-sensitive (x-s) strains. six strains of mutans streptococci, three x-r and three x-s strains, were studied. xylitol resistance and sensitivity were confirmed by growth in xylitol-supplemented media. acid production from glucose or fructose or uptake of xylitol was initiated by adding (14)c-labelled glucose, fructose ... | 2002 | 11929556 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the streptococcus sobrinus gtfu gene that produces a highly branched water-soluble glucan. | streptococcus sobrinus has four gtf genes, gtfi, gtfs, gtft, and gtfu, on the chromosome. these genes correspond respectively to the enzymes gtf-i, gtf-s1, gtf-s2, and gtf-s3. an escherichia coli md66 clone that contained the s. sobrinus gtfu gene was characterized. immunological properties showed that the protein produced by the e. coli md66 clone was similar to s. sobrinus gtf-s1. biological properties and a linkage analysis of the glucans by 13c nmr spectrometry revealed that the protein prod ... | 2002 | 11960691 |
| pcr detection of streptococcus mutans and s. sobrinus in dental plaque samples from japanese pre-school children. | streptococcus mutans and s. sobrinus are associated with the development of dental caries. these bacteria were detected by pcr and then their presence was compared with the incidence of dental caries in 77 japanese pre-school children. plaque samples were collected from all erupted tooth sites in the subjects, aged 3-5 years old and each with primary dentition, with a sterile toothbrush. a dental examination was performed for dmft (decayed, missing, filled, total) with the who caries diagnostic ... | 2002 | 11990497 |
| how xylitol-containing products affect cariogenic bacteria. | the authors examined the effect of xylitol, a naturally occurring sweetener, on levels of streptococcus mutans and s. sobrinus. they also investigated xylitol's mechanism of action. | 2002 | 11991460 |
| expression and characterization of streptococcal rgp genes required for rhamnan synthesis in escherichia coli. | six genes (rgpa through rgpf) that were involved in assembling the rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide (rgp) in streptococcus mutans were previously identified (y. yamashita, y. tsukioka, k. tomihisa, y. nakano, and t. koga, j. bacteriol. 180:5803-5807, 1998). the group-specific antigens of lancefield group a, c, and e streptococci and the polysaccharide antigen of streptococcus sobrinus have the same rhamnan backbone as the rgp of s. mutans. escherichia coli harboring plasmid prgp1 containing all s ... | 2002 | 12010977 |
| evaluation of interleukin 1 as a mucosal adjuvant in immunization with streptococcus sobrinus cells by tonsillar application in rabbits. | to evaluate interleukin 1 (il-1) as a mucosal adjuvant in the induction of salivary antibodies to streptococcus sobrinus, s. sobrinus together with il-1 was applied through the palatine tonsils of rabbits. il-1 caused approximately 50 and 100% increases in the antibodies reacting against s. sobrinus fragments in the saliva and blood plasma, respectively, compared to the antibodies in those same fluids after tonsillar applications of s. sobrinus alone. in the case of the addition of il-1, the ant ... | 2002 | 12030968 |
| an essential amino acid residue for catalytic activity of the dextranase of streptococcus mutans. | dextranase (dex) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes glucan, a polymer of glucose synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferases (gtfs). by comparing amino acid sequences of dexs and gtfs, we found that the dex enzymes of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus downei and streptococcus salivarius had similar amino acid sequences to those of the catalytic sites of gtfs of mutans streptococci. we therefore examined the amino acid essential in dex catalysis by molecular genetic appro ... | 2002 | 12030973 |
| salivary microbiota levels in relation to periodontal status, experience of caries and miswak use in sudanese adults. | the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the salivary levels of 25 oral bacteria in relation to periodontal status and experience of caries, and to compare the levels of these bacteria between habitual miswak and toothbrush users in adult sudanese subjects. | 2002 | 12060423 |
| susceptibility of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus to cell wall inhibitors and development of a novel selective medium for s. sobrinus. | representative strains of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus showed differences in susceptibility to members of the monobactam group of beta-lactam antibiotics: s. sobrinus was less sensitive than s. mutans. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of aztreonam (azt) and carumonam, both of which belong to this group, were 2,000 microg/ml for s. sobrinus and 125 microg/ml for s. mutans. further addition of fosfomycin, bacitracin and sodium chloride to mitis salivarius agar (ms) suppleme ... | 2002 | 12065966 |
| selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health. | the aim of the present study was to select bacterial strains with potential properties as oral probiotics, namely for the prevention of dental caries. we examined 23 dairy microorganisms, out of which we identified two streptococcus thermophilus and two lactcoccus lactis strains that were able to adhere to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads to the same extent as streptococcus sobrinus omz176. two of them, strep. thermophilus ncc1561 and lactoc. lactis ssp. lactis ncc2211, were further successful ... | 2002 | 12120707 |
| intracellular and extracellular phs of streptococcus mutans after addition of acids: loading and efflux of a fluorescent ph indicator in streptococcal cells. | a ph-sensitive fluorescent dye, 2', 7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 and 6-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf), was used to determine intracellular ph (ph(in)). the efflux of bcecf loaded into oral streptococcal cells was determined after incubation of the cells at 35 degrees c for 20 min in the presence and absence of glucose. in the absence of glucose, the fluorescence of intracellular bcecf in streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus sobrinus decreased only very ... | 2002 | 12121474 |
| the effect of a high-sucrose diet on dentin formation and dental caries in hyperinsulinemic rats. | a high-sucrose diet decreases dentin formation and its minerals, but the mechanisms behind the effect are largely unknown. we studied the combined and separate effects of sucrose and insulin on dentin formation and mineral metabolism in growing rats. at weaning, animals were randomized into 4 groups: control/sucrose diets both with and without external insulin (1 u/x 100 g body weight daily). after 4 weeks, we measured areas of dentin formation, numbers and areas of dentinal caries lesions, and ... | 2002 | 12147743 |
| [anti-caries vaccines]. | even though the reduction of caries-incidence in developed countries, its increasing has been observed nowadays. the use of a vaccine was object of many researches, going under modifications and evaluations during years. wallace and mccollum showed the chance to induce experimental cavities, while clarke and mcintosh were the first underlining the roll of s. mutans and lactobacilli as efforts of the pathology. williams was the first working with humans and zinner and fitzgerald continued. so sin ... | 2002 | 12147978 |
| chemical-biological interactions of naf with three different cell lines and the caries pathogen streptococcus sobrinus. | fluoride is used in dentistry as a prophylactic agent to reduce caries rates due to the demineralization/remineralization effect and its influence on the metabolism of cariogenic bacteria. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of sodium fluoride (naf) on three different cell lines and the antibacterial potency on streptococcus sobrinus. cell lines were treated with various concentrations of naf ranging from 0.039 mm to 10 mm for 24 h. for microbial assays, concentration ... | 2002 | 12166720 |
| effect of molecular mass and degree of deacetylation of chitosan on adsorption of streptococcus sobrinus 6715 to saliva treated hydroxyapatite. | we evaluated the influence of molecular mass and degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the adsorption of streptococcus sobrinus 6715 to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite (s-ha) by measuring the optical density of the bacterial cell suspensions released from saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. twenty-five chitosan samples with different molecular masses (0.8-6 kda) and degrees of deacetylation (10-95%) were prepared for the study. we found that the inhibition of adsorption of s. sobrinus 6715 to s-ha cor ... | 2002 | 12174667 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial properties of orthodontic composite resins combined with benzalkonium chloride. | an antimicrobial agent, benzalkonium chloride (bac), was added to a chemically cured composite resin, and the antimicrobial benefits and physical properties of the modified composite were evaluated. bac was added to reliance phase ii composite to create modified composites with bac concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2.50 wt%. specimen disks of the modified composite were incubated with streptococcus mutans for 48 hours, and an agar disk diffusion assay was used to measure zones of bacterial inh ... | 2002 | 12226611 |
| real-time pcr for quantification of streptococcus mutans. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the quantification of streptococcus mutans. primers targeting gtf genes of s. mutans were designed and tested for their specificity using 28 oral streptococcal strains, three other bacterial strains, and human dna. the primers could amplify specifically the target dna fragment from a mixture of oral streptococcus genomic dna containing about 10 fg to 10 ng of s. mutans genome dna. the real-time pcr produced a linear quantitative ... | 2002 | 12445641 |
| effects of apigenin and tt-farnesol on glucosyltransferase activity, biofilm viability and caries development in rats. | propolis, a resinous hive product secreted by apis mellifera bees, has been shown to reduce the incidence of dental caries in rats. several compounds, mainly polyphenolics, have been identified in propolis. apigenin and tt-farnesol demonstrated biological activity against mutans streptococci. we determined here their effects, alone or in combination, on glucosyltransferase activity, biofilm viability, and development of caries in rats. sprague-dawley rats were infected with streptococcus sobrinu ... | 2002 | 12485324 |
| similarity of the oral microbiota of pre-school children with that of their caregivers in a population-based study. | this study evaluated the similarity between the oral microbiota of young children and that of their adult caregivers. oral samples from children (174 dentate and 18 pre-dentate) aged 6-36 months and their caregivers in saipan were assayed using a dna probe assay. many species including streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sobrinus, actinomyces species, campylobacter rectus, fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, and porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in dentate and pre-dentate childr ... | 2002 | 12485330 |
| bacteriophage isolation from human saliva. | to detect bacteriophages for gram-positive oral pathogens in human saliva. | 2003 | 12485342 |
| [effects of monoclonal antibody against the major cell surface protein on salivary agglutinin mediated aggregation of streptococcus sobrinus]. | to investigate the effects of monoclonal antibody on salivary agglutinin-mediated aggregation of streptococcus sobrinus in vitro. | 1999 | 12539288 |
| [a study on transmission of pathogenic bacteria of rampant caries from mothers to children]. | in order to prevent rampant caries in children, the transmission from mothers to children of pathogenic bacteria of rampant caries will be investigated in this study. | 2001 | 12539419 |
| [the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria from rampant caries in children]. | in order to prevent rampant caries in children, the predominant pathogenic bacteria of rampant caries in children were defined. | 2001 | 12539724 |
| the effect of polyol-combinant saliva stimulants on s. mutans levels in plaque and saliva of patients with mental retardation. | the effect of chewable saliva-stimulants on streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque and paraffin-stimulated whole saliva among participants who were mentally disabled was investigated. over 64-days, 98 participants chewed one of four saliva-stimulating tablets five times/day. the tablets contained one of the following: xylitol (x) or sorbitol (s), or 1:1 mixtures of xylitol and erythritol (xe) or sorbitol and erythritol (se). consumption of xylitol and sorbitol in groups x and s was 5.4 gra ... | 2002 | 12580357 |
| [a study of tarnish induced by streptococcus sobrinus serotype g on co-cr, ni-cr and casting titanium alloys]. | the objective of this study was to investigate the tarnish induced by streptococcus sobrinus serotype g on co-cr, ni-cr and casting titanium alloys. | 2002 | 12593192 |
| mass transport of macromolecules within an in vitro model of supragingival plaque. | the aim of this study was to examine the diffusion of macromolecules through an in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque. polyspecies biofilms containing actinomyces naeslundii, fusobacterium nucleatum, streptococcus oralis, streptococcus sobrinus, veillonella dispar, and candida albicans were formed on sintered hydroxyapatite disks and then incubated at room temperature for defined periods with fluorescent markers with molecular weights ranging from 3,000 to 900,000. subsequent examinatio ... | 2003 | 12620862 |
| kuwanon g: an antibacterial agent from the root bark of morus alba against oral pathogens. | kuwanon g was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of morus alba and its structure was elucidated by 13c-nmr, 1h-nmr and fab-ms. antibacterial activity of kuwanon g was investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) test and the viable cell count method. mic of kuwanon g against streptococcus mutans causing dental caries was determined to be 8.0 microg/ml. the bactericidal test showed that kuwanon g completely inactivated s. mutans at the concentration 20 micr ... | 2003 | 12648813 |
| effect of a novel type of propolis and its chemical fractions on glucosyltransferases and on growth and adherence of mutans streptococci. | flavonoids have been considered the main biologically active components in propolis. however, a new variety of flavonoid-free propolis was recently found and chemically classified as type 6. because it showed activity against oral microorganisms, this study evaluated the effects of the crude ethanolic extract of this propolis and its chemical fractions on the activity of purified glucosyltransferases (gtfs) and on the growth and adherence of mutans streptococci. the inhibitory effect of propolis ... | 2003 | 12673037 |
| the paradigm shift in the etiology, prevention, and management of dental caries: its effect on the practice of clinical dentistry. | treatment of dental caries as an infectious disease will require a paradigm shift in the way dentists and other health care professionals approach prevention and management of the disease. prevention of dental caries has relied upon patient cooperation and often requires significant lifestyle changes that are at best difficult to implement and maintain or at worst ignored. this paradigm shift in the etiology, prevention, and treatment of dental caries demands that clinicians redirect their energ ... | 2003 | 12693823 |
| a new selective medium for streptococcus mutans and the distribution of s. mutans and s. sobrinus and their serotypes in dental plaque. | a new selective medium (ms-mut) was developed for the isolation of streptococcus mutans from clinical specimens. the average growth recovery of s. mutans on ms-mut medium was 72.4% of that on ms medium. growth of streptococcus sobrinus was significantly inhibited on the medium with an average recovery of 0.034%. in 103 subjects, s. mutans was detected at 58.3, 75.0 and 95.7% in the dental plaque of caries-free (cf), caries-inactive (ci) and caries-active (ca) subjects, respectively. s. sobrinus ... | 2003 | 12740546 |
| effectiveness of dentine bonding agents against cariogenic bacteria in vitro: a comparison of two methods. | data obtained from studies on the antimicrobial properties of bonding agents are the subject of controversy, probably because of methodological differences. this study compared two commonly used in vitro methods, the disc agar diffusion test and the well agar diffusion test. agar plates were seeded with streptococcus sobrinus, lactobacillus gasseri, or actinomyces naeslundii. for the well diffusion test, wells cut out of the agar were filled with the test material, and for the disc method, discs ... | 2003 | 12753463 |
| mutans streptococci strains prevalence before and after cavity preparation during atraumatic restorative treatment. | critics argue that all carious dentine is not removed from the hand-prepared cavity during the atraumatic restorative treatment (art) procedure, and that the caries process is soon resumed. the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of art in removing carious tissue, by investigating the numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, with emphasis on the prevalence of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus strains before, and after art treatment of dental caries. two mic ... | 2003 | 12753467 |
| classification of oral streptococci by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with direct activity stain for glycosyltransferases. | thirty eight strains of oral streptococci were divided into six types by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) followed by glycosyltransferase (glt) activity stain: type 1, streptococcus mutans; type 2, streptococcus rattus; type 3, streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus downei; type 4, streptococcus cricetus; type 5, streptococcus salivarius; and type 6, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis and streptococcus gordonii. in types 1, 2 and 5, two glucosyltransferases synthesizing wate ... | 2003 | 12753469 |
| glucan-binding proteins of the oral streptococci. | the synthesis of extracellular glucan is an integral component of the sucrose-dependent colonization of tooth surfaces by species of the mutans streptococci. in investigators' attempts to understand the mechanisms of plaque biofilm development, several glucan-binding proteins (gbps) have been discovered. some of these, the glucosyltransferases, catalyze the synthesis of glucan, whereas others, designated only as glucan-binding proteins, have affinities for different forms of glucan and contribut ... | 2003 | 12764072 |
| nested pcr for detection of mutans streptococci in dental plaque. | mutans streptococci such as streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus have been implicated in human dental caries. in an attempt to develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting strep. mutans and strep. sobrinus in dental plaque, a nested pcr amplification based on the 16s rrna gene was employed. | 2003 | 12803559 |
| remote glucosyltransferase-microparticle vaccine delivery induces protective immunity in the oral cavity. | intranasally administered dental caries vaccines show significant promise for human application. alternate mucosal routes may be required, however, to induce caries-protective salivary iga antibody in children with respiratory diseases. since rectal mucosa contains inductive lymphoid tissue, we hypothesized that the rectal route could be used to induce salivary immunity to mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase (gtf), resulting in protective immunity to experimental dental caries. we first exp ... | 2003 | 12823800 |
| [rapid detection of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus in human saliva by nested polymerase chain reaction]. | to establish a simple and rapid method to detect streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus simultaneously in human saliva. | 2003 | 12887805 |
| detection of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus on the permanent first molars of the mosuo people in china. | streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus are associated with the development of dental caries. the purpose of this study was to differentiate these bacteria by morphology, biochemical characteristics and pcr, and to compare their occurrence with the prevalence of dental caries in the mosuo people. plaque samples were collected from the permanent first molar in 126 mosuo people (83 females, 43 males, aged 25-55 years, average age 36.1 +/- 7.73). dental status was recorded as dmft by who ca ... | 2003 | 12925830 |
| identification of mutans streptococci by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s ribosomal rna genes. | mutans streptococci are frequently isolated from dental plaque and carious lesions. these bacteria have been identified by conventional methods such as biochemical and serologic tests followed by the isolation of colonies on the mitis-salivarius agar, which are sometimes inconsistent. recently, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been reported to rapidly identify streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus. however, in the case of identification and classification into sever ... | 2003 | 12930526 |
| effects of low-concentrated chlorhexidine on growth of streptococcus sobrinus and primary human gingival fibroblasts. | the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of low concentrations of chlorhexidine (chx) on the proliferation of streptococcus sobrinus (atcc 33478) and primary human gingival fibroblasts (hgf). liquid cultures of bacteria or human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to chx concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 40 microm in microtiter plates at 37 degrees c for 24 h. bacteria or cells grown without chx served as controls. the effects of chx were determined either by measurements of ... | 2003 | 12938021 |
| development of a 5' nuclease-based real-time pcr assay for quantitative detection of cariogenic dental pathogens streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus. | a 5' nuclease taqman pcr assay was developed for the quantitative detection of the major cariogenic bacteria streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus. the absolute and relative numbers of bacteria were measured by this method. this assay will be useful for quantifying these organisms in oral specimens and for analyzing biofilm formation. | 2003 | 12958287 |
| longitudinal study of intrafamilial mutans streptococci ribotypes. | to explore the intrafamilial homology and longitudinal stability of colonization by early acquired mutans streptococci, genomic fingerprinting was performed on 254 strains (192 streptococcus mutans and 62 streptococcus sobrinus strains) collected from 16 families (16 mother-child pairs, seven fathers and four siblings). genomic dna was digested by the restriction endonuclease hindiii, followed by gel electrophoresis, southern blotting, and hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled 16s rdna probe, ... | 2003 | 12974680 |
| activity of human beta-defensin 3 alone or combined with other antimicrobial agents against oral bacteria. | the in vitro activities of human beta-defensin 3 (hbd-3) alone or combined with lysozyme, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine were investigated with the oral bacteria streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguinis, streptococcus sobrinus, lactobacillus acidophilus, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and porphyromonas gingivalis. hbd-3 showed bactericidal activity against all of the bacterial species tested. the bactericidal effect was enhanced when the peptide was used in combination ... | 2003 | 14506056 |
| quantitative evaluation of bacteria adherent to polyelectrolyte hema-based hydrogels. | the use of adhesive poly(hema)-based hydrogels is standard practice in dental restorative procedures. microorganisms, which potentially can cause oral pathologies, may colonize these polymers. in the present work, bacterial adhesion to polymers prepared with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema) and to different molar ratios of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid (amps) and/or to 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-tri-methyl-ammonium chloride (metac) co-monomers were tested. a colorimetric assay system ... | 2003 | 14517857 |
| synergistic inhibitory effect of cationic peptides and antimicrobial agents on the growth of oral streptococci. | although chlorhexidine is one of the most efficacious antimicrobial agents used for the prevention of dental caries, side effects limit its application. the effects of gaegurin 6 (ggn6), an animal-derived cationic peptide, and its derivatives ptp6 and ptp12 on the growth of oral streptococci were investigated to assess the potential of these agents for use in the prevention of dental caries. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the peptides for inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci ( ... | 2003 | 14571120 |
| anticaries efficacy of a new dentifrice for hypersensitivity. | to evaluate the expected anticaries efficacy of a new dentifrice containing stannous fluoride as the anticaries agent and potassium nitrate as the antihypersensitivity agent using a series of laboratory and animal studies. | 2003 | 14579872 |
| enolase from streptococcus sobrinus is an immunosuppressive protein. | a strategy of streptococcus sobrinus, a major agent of dental caries, to survive and colonize the host consists of the production of a protein that suppresses the specific antibody responses. we have cloned the gene coding for a protein with immunosuppressive activity. it contains an open reading frame of 1302 base pairs encoding a polypeptide with 434 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 46910 da. the gene product is homologous to enolases from several organisms. the polypeptide was expr ... | 2004 | 14678332 |
| a comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens. | cariogenic bacteria and periodontopathic bacteria are present in dental plaque as biofilms. in this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of essential oils on the following oral bacteria: porphyromonas gingivalis, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum, streptococcus mutans, and streptococcus sobrinus. we tested manuka oil, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, lavandula oil, and romarinus oil and determined their minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericida ... | 2004 | 14678476 |
| antibacterial activity of polyphenol components in oolong tea extract against streptococcus mutans. | the purpose of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of oolong tea extract on oral streptococci, including streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus, and to identify the response to its components. antibacterial activity was found when the extract was added to s. mutans cells in chemically defined medium but not in complex broth media. further, pretreatment with bovine serum albumin reduced the antibacterial activity. the extract showed antibacterial activity agains ... | 2004 | 14684970 |
| identification of nad+ synthetase from streptococcus sobrinus as a b-cell-stimulatory protein. | streptococcus sobrinus, one agent of dental caries, secretes a protein that induces lymphocyte polyclonal activation of the host as a mechanism of immune evasion. we have isolated from culture supernatants of this bacterium a protein with murine b-cell-stimulatory properties and subsequently cloned the relevant gene. it contains an open reading frame of 825 bp encoding a polypeptide with 275 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 30 kda. the protein displays high sequence homology with nad( ... | 2004 | 14702311 |
| multiplex fish analysis of a six-species bacterial biofilm. | established procedures use different and seemingly incompatible experimental protocols for fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. the aim of this study was to develop a procedure, based on fish and confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm), for the analysis of the spatial organization of in vitro biofilms containing both gram-negative and gram-positive oral bacteria. biofilms composed of the six oral species actinomyces naeslundii, candida albican ... | 2004 | 14706749 |
| anti-cariogenic properties of a water-soluble extract from cacao. | the addition of a water-soluble extract from cacao-extracted powder (cepws) to a cariogenic model food, a white chocolate-like diet that contains 35% sucrose, significantly reduced caries scores in spf rats infected with streptococcus sobrinus 6715, compared to control rats fed a white chocolate-like diet. cepws markedly inhibited water-insoluble glucan (wig) synthesis through crude glucosyltransferases (gtfs) from streptococcus sobrinus b13n in vitro. gtf-inhibitor(s) in cepws was prepared thro ... | 2003 | 14730134 |
| colonization of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus genotypes and caries development in children to mothers harboring both species. | the major route of early acquisition of mutans streptococci in humans is a vertical transmission from mother to child. the purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the acquisition, distribution and persistence of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus in children whose mothers harbored both species and to study the caries incidence in relation to colonization of these bacteria. fifteen mother-child pairs were followed during the child's first 7 years. stimulated salivary sample ... | 2004 | 14767165 |
| [base composition of dna from fluoride resistant strains of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus]. | to evaluate the genotype change of fluoride-resistant strains of s.mutans and s.sobrinus. | 2001 | 14994079 |
| a high molecular mass cranberry constituent reduces mutans streptococci level in saliva and inhibits in vitro adhesion to hydroxyapatite. | previous investigations showed that a high molecular mass, non-dialyzable material (ndm) from cranberries inhibits the adhesion of a number of bacterial species and prevents the co-aggregation of many oral bacterial pairs. in the present study we determined the effect of mouthwash supplemented with ndm on oral hygiene. following 6 weeks of daily usage of cranberry-containing mouthwash by an experimental group (n = 29), we found that salivary mutans streptococci count as well as the total bacteri ... | 2004 | 15019739 |
| molecular characterization of dextranase from streptococcus rattus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dextranase gene of streptococcus rattus atcc19645 was determined. an open reading frame of the dextranase gene was 2,760 bp long and encoded a dextranase protein consisting of 920 amino acids with a molecular weight of 100,163 da and an isoelectric point of 4.67. the s. rattus dextranase purified from recombinant escherichia coli cells showed dextran-hydrolyzing activity with optimal ph (5.0) and temperature (40 c) similar to those of dextranases from stre ... | 2004 | 15031528 |
| influence of resin monomers on growth of oral streptococci. | ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate monomers have been previously reported to stimulate the growth of certain caries-associated bacteria on the basis of turbidity measurements. to elucidate the detail of this effect, we examined the influence of resin monomers on the growth of streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus sanguis by determination of bacterial numbers (colony-forming units), morphological observation, and chemical analysis. although the absorbance values in the stationary phase of bacterial ... | 2004 | 15044503 |
| therapeutic vaccine against streptococcus sobrinus-induced caries. | streptococcus sobrinus produces a virulence-associated immunomodulatory protein (vip) which suppresses the host-specific immune response and induces the early production of il-10. in this study, we evaluated the effects of therapeutic immunization with this vip on the incidence of caries in s. sobrinus-infected rats. groups of wistar rats were orally infected with s. sobrinus and fed with sucrose-sweetened drinking water ad libitum. five days later, rats were immunized intranasally with active o ... | 2004 | 15044513 |
| oral streptococci exhibit diverse susceptibility to human beta-defensin-2: antimicrobial effects of hbd-2 on oral streptococci. | we examined the antimicrobial effects of human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2) on 17 species of oral streptococci to investigate the involvement of antimicrobial peptide activity in oral microflora development and the clinical use of the antimicrobial peptide for oral microflora control. oral streptococci exhibit diverse levels of susceptibility to human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2). two major cariogenic bacterial species, streptococcus mutans ( s. mutans) and s. sobrinus, were found to be susceptible to the ... | 2004 | 15057473 |
| effect of carbohydrate fatty acid esters on streptococcus sobrinus and glucosyltransferase activity. | mutans streptococci are oral bacteria with a key role in the initiation of dental caries, because their glucosyltransferases synthesize polysaccharides from sucrose that allow them to colonize the tooth surface. among the strategies to prevent dental caries that are being investigated are (1) the inhibition of bacterial growth of mutans streptococci or (2) the inhibition of glucosyltransferases involved in polysaccharide formation. pure fatty acid esters of sucrose, maltose and maltotriose were ... | 2004 | 15063188 |
| inhibitory effects of cranberry juice on attachment of oral streptococci and biofilm formation. | cranberry juice is known to inhibit bacterial adhesion. we examined the inhibitory effect of cranberry juice on the adhesion of oral streptococci strains labeled with [3h]-thymidine to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (s-ha). when the bacterial cells were momentarily exposed to cranberry juice, their adherence to s-ha decreased significantly compared with the control (p < 0.01). their hydrophobicity also decreased dependently with the concentration of cranberry juice. we also evaluated the inh ... | 2004 | 15107065 |
| salivary iga reactions to cell-surface antigens of oral streptococci. | in the immunoblot technique, using whole bacteria cell extracts as antigens, both intra- and extracellular antigens are detected, which gives a large number of immunoglobulin a (iga) reactions (immunoblot bands) when incubated with saliva. it is important to distinguish which immunoblot bands represent bacterial cell-surface antigens, since these antigens could be involved in adhesion mechanisms and be available for blocking in vivo. | 2004 | 15107071 |
| effect of dentin on the antibacterial activity of dentin bonding agents. | dentin bonding agents with antibacterial effects may inhibit secondary caries formation and pulp inflammation by eliminating residual bacteria in and on dentin. therefore, the antibacterial effects of prime & bond nt (pb), prime & bond nt without fluoride (pbnf), gluma comfort bond (gl), abf, xeno cf ii (xe), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (hema), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (teg-dma), and 0.2% chlorhexidine were tested against streptococcus mutans, s. sobrinus, and lactobacillus acidophilus ... | 2004 | 15107649 |
| a caries vaccine? the state of the science of immunization against dental caries. | studies performed in numerous laboratories over several decades have demonstrated the feasibility of immunizing experimental rodents or primates with protein antigens derived from streptococcus mutans or streptococcus sobrinus against oral colonization by mutans streptococci and the development of dental caries. protection has been attributed to salivary iga antibodies which can inhibit sucrose-independent or sucrose-dependent mechanisms of streptococcal accumulation on tooth surfaces according ... | 2004 | 15153693 |
| effect of a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry on constituents of dental biofilm. | previous studies have shown that high molecular-weight non-dialysable material derived from cranberry juice (ndm) inhibits co-aggregation of a variety of oral bacteria. | 2004 | 15163648 |
| [immunization with targeted fusion anticaries dna vaccine via intramuscular route:experiment with murine]. | to observe the expression of a targeted fusion anticaries dna vaccine pgja-p in muscular in vivo. to compare the levels of specific antibodies and anticaries efficacy generated by pgja-p and fusion anticaries dna vaccine pglua-p in gnotobiotic rats, and observe the kinetics of antibody responses in balb/c mice. | 2004 | 15200917 |
| hla, salivary iga and mutans streptococci--is there a relation? | the aim of the present studies was to investigate a possible relationship between the human leukocyte antigen (hla) complex, colonization of mutans streptococci and salivary immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies against mutans streptococcal antigens. in the first study a strong inverse relationship between hla-dr4 and levels of mutans streptococci was observed for a group of renal transplant patients (i). in a group with healthy blood-donors a similar trend was observed (i). this tendency was also s ... | 2004 | 15224545 |
| genetic basis for mutacin n and of its relationship to mutacin i. | the mutans streptococci (ms) are a group of 7 species of dental cariesassociated bacteria of which streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus are the most important in humans. many ms produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis), some of which have been characterised as small peptides capable of inhibiting the growth of closely-related species. these peptides have most commonly been referred to as mutacins. s. mutans strains n and ua140 appear to have closely similar blis activitie ... | 2004 | 15232205 |
| molecular interactions of surface protein peptides of streptococcus gordonii with human salivary components. | oral streptococci play a large role in dental biofilm formation, and several types interact as early colonizers with the enamel salivary pellicle to form the primary biofilm, as well as to incorporate other bacteria on tooth surfaces. interactions of surface molecules of individual streptococci with the salivary pellicle on the tooth surface have an influence on the etiological properties of an oral biofilm. to elucidate the molecular interactions of streptococci with salivary components, bindin ... | 2004 | 15271944 |
| the influence of mutanase and dextranase on the production and structure of glucans synthesized by streptococcal glucosyltransferases. | glucanohydrolases, especially mutanase [alpha-(1-->3) glucanase; ec 3.2.1.59] and dextranase [alpha-(1-->6) glucanase; ec 3.2.1.11], which are present in the biofilm known as dental plaque, may affect the synthesis and structure of glucans formed by glucosyltransferases (gtfs) from sucrose within dental plaque. we examined the production and the structure of glucans synthesized by gtfs b (synthesis of alpha-(1-->3)-linked glucans) or c [synthesis of alpha-(1-->6)- and alpha-(1-->3)-linked glucan ... | 2004 | 15280057 |
| a method for mapping the distribution pattern of cariogenic streptococci within dental plaque in vivo. | this study was carried out to develop a method for mapping the distribution of cariogenic oral streptococci, streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus, from the outermost to the innermost plaque. ten consenting subjects were asked to form plaque by abstaining from tooth brushing over 3 days within in situ plaque-generating devices, which were placed on the upper molars. the plaque formed in the devices was separated into 8-10 layered fractions (100 microm thick). genomic dna was extracted ... | 2004 | 15316189 |
| streptococcus mutans genotypes isolated from root and coronal caries. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the colonization profile and clonal distribution of streptococcus mutans isolated from oral cavities that presented coronal and root caries lesions. the isolation and biochemical identification of mutans streptococci were carried out by using saliva samples, dental plaque, and tissue from the caries lesions. in order to confirm their molecular identity, s. mutans and streptococcus sobrinus were submitted to the pcr method, using specific primers for p ... | 2004 | 15316190 |
| salivary iga to cariogenic bacteria in hiv-positive children and its correlation with caries prevalence and levels of cariogenic microorganisms. | the interrelationship of hiv infection, dental caries and mucosal immune responses remains controversial. in our study population of 40 hiv-infected and 40 healthy control children (ages 2-5 years) there was a significantly higher prevalence of dental caries in hiv-infected children (p<0.05). the extent of caries correlated with the severity of hiv disease. to determine whether the immunosuppression that ensues after hiv infection could contribute to the increased caries prevalence, the concentr ... | 2004 | 15327638 |
| detection of cariogenic bacterial genes by microchip electrophoresis. | allele-specific pcr primers were designed, based on the dextranase (dex) gene, to identify streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque; subsequently, pcr products were detected via microchip electrophoresis (me). in order to amplify the dex gene fragment of s. mutans and s. sobrinus, the following two pcr methods were established. duplex allele-specific pcr primers were designed on a region of low dna homology; furthermore, 211 and 126-bp fragments were amplified for s. muta ... | 2004 | 15358306 |
| reduction of salivary s. aureus and mutans group streptococci by a preprocedural chlorhexidine rinse and maximal inhibitory dilutions of chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium. | staphylococcus aureus and mutans group streptococci can cause, among many other diseases, infective endocarditis and postoperative infections. the reduction of the number of these microorganisms in the oral cavity prior to surgical procedures has been related to a decreased incidence of such occurrences. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single preprocedural rinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution (periogard) on the salivary counts of s aureus and mutans group streptococci an ... | 2004 | 15366527 |
| time of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by human infants. | the aim of this study was to detect and monitor the acquisition of mutans streptococci (ms) in healthy brazilian children. samples of 4 different sites (saliva, tongue dorsum, dental ridges, and dental plaque, if teeth were present) were collected from 33 edentulous nursery school infants (5.9+/-1.5 month-old), using sterilized swabs, bi-monthly for 24 months. saliva samples from the mothers were collected only once. after inoculation, and incubation typical morphotype colonies, were isolated an ... | 2004 | 15366617 |
| mutans streptococci, lactobacilli in saliva and acidity from organisms in dental plaque: changes after restorative treatment. | the effect of restorative dental treatment was evaluated on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva, as well as acid production by plaque bacteria. we used semiquantitative culture kits at time points up to 6 months following treatment. changes in eating habits and oral hygiene during the study period were ruled out using a questionnaire. mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and acidity all had decreased significantly at 1 week after treatment. acidity often was the first variable to return ... | 2004 | 15366622 |
| composition of the salivary microflora during habitual consumption of fluoridated milk. | the aim was to evaluate the effect of habitual consumption of fluoridated milk on the composition of the salivary microflora. the study group comprised 20 healthy schoolchildren and young adults with a mean age of 13.6 years and the investigation had a randomized double-blind crossover design with a washout period of 1 month. after professional tooth-cleaning at baseline, the subjects were supplied with either fluoridated (250 ml, 5 ppm f) or non-fluoridated milk for one daily intake during a pe ... | 2004 | 15370633 |
| validation and inter-examiner agreement of mutans streptococci levels in plaque and saliva of 10-year-old children using simple chair-side tests. | since there are few validation studies of chair-side tests of oral mutans streptococci, we compared a commercially available strip test with the conventional laboratory assay. two plaque samples obtained from the mesial surfaces of the upper right and lower left permanent molars of sixty-five 10-year-old children (boys = 38, girls = 27) were cultured and incubated using chair-side site strip tests (dentocult sm, orion diagnostica). two plaque sampling tools, namely dental floss and micro-brush, ... | 2004 | 15370635 |
| adaptive acid tolerance response of streptococcus sobrinus. | streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus are the bacteria most commonly associated with human dental caries. a major virulence attribute of these and other cariogenic bacteria is acid tolerance. the acid tolerance mechanisms of s. mutans have begun to be investigated in detail, including the adaptive acid tolerance response (atr), but this is not the case for s. sobrinus. an analysis of the atr of two s. sobrinus strains was conducted with cells grown to steady state in continuous chemost ... | 2004 | 15375118 |
| detection of cariogenic bacteria genes by a combination of allele-specific polymerase chain reactions and a novel bioluminescent pyrophosphate assay. | we developed a novel bioluminescent assay for detection of pyrophosphate in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) product. the principle of this method is as follows: pyrophosphate released by pcr is converted to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) by pyruvate phosphate dikinase in the presence of the substrate pyruvate phosphate and the coenzyme adenosine 5'-monophosphate; subsequently, atp concentration is determined by firefly luciferase reaction. the detection limit of pyrophosphate is 1.56 x 10(-15)m ... | 2004 | 15450805 |
| clinical outcomes for early childhood caries (ecc): the influence of salivary mutans streptococci levels. | to assess the relationship between clinical outcomes for children treated for early childhood caries (ecc) and salivary mutans streptococci (ms) levels. | 2004 | 15471521 |
| longitudinal study of transmission, diversity, and stability of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus genotypes in brazilian nursery children. | the aim of this study was to perform a follow-up evaluation of the streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus colonization profile of children's oral cavities, which included the pattern of vertical transmission from mother to child, genotypic diversity, and stability of the strains. the subjects were 16 mother-child pairs, who were monitored for 20 months. samples of saliva, tongue dorsum, alveolar ridge mucosa, and dental plaque from the children were collected bimonthly. saliva samples f ... | 2004 | 15472319 |
| single-molecule imaging of the dynamic interactions between macromolecules. | in recent years, the development of single-molecule detection techniques has allowed the dynamic properties of biomolecules, which are normally obscured in conventional ensemble measurements, to be measured. one of these single-molecule detection techniques allows the measurement of dissociation and association events of individual molecules to be measured. this technique is based on the unique premise that the mobility between molecules that are bound and the mobility between those that are fre ... | 2004 | 15518396 |
| initial biofilm formation of streptococcus sobrinus on various orthodontics appliances. | biofilms accumulate on hard and soft surface in the oral cavity. accumulation of biofilms on orthodontic appliance bear scientific and clinical interest. the objection of this study was to examine the formation of dental biofilm by streptococcus sobrinus on different types of orthodontics appliances, using a model consisting of host and bacterial constituents. the adsorption pattern of saliva to the orthodontics appliances was determined by means of gel electrophoresis coupled with computerized ... | 2004 | 15525380 |
| influence of dentin on the effectiveness of antibacterial agents. | the influence of dentin on the effectiveness of three antibacterial agents (triclosan, glutaraldehyde, naocl) on streptococcus mutans, s. sobrinus, and lactobacillus acidophilus was tested using the agar diffusion method with and without bovine dentin discs (200 mum and 500 mum thickness) placed between bacteria and test substances. the effect of 0.3% triclosan on all tester strains (100%) was reduced after passage through 500 mum dentin discs to 0% (l. acidophilus) and to 22% and 28% (s. mutans ... | 2005 | 15671825 |
| expression of the gtfi gene from streptococcus sobrinus in streptococcus anginosus using integration-mediated transformation system. | we have constructed a streptococcus anginosus transformant expressing the gtfi gene from streptococcus sobrinus, using a previously developed integration-mediated transformation system to introduce foreign genes onto the oral streptococcal chromosome, and attempted to evaluate the gene expression. in this system, one cloning plasmid and three pacyc184 derivatives, anchor, heterodimer, and integration plasmids were used for the construction of a series of integrants via homologous recombination. ... | 2004 | 15716022 |
| low salivary iga activity to cell-surface antigens of mutans streptococci related to hla-drb1*04. | mutans streptococci are found in almost all individuals, though there are large differences in colonization levels between individuals. these differences are not readily explained, though several factors are believed to influence the colonization. one factor is the immune response to mutans streptococci, mainly provided by salivary immunoglobulin a (iga). in a previous study, differences in salivary iga reactions to oral streptococci were observed between human leukocyte antigen (hla)-dr4-positi ... | 2005 | 15720566 |
| antimicrobial activity of croton cajucara benth linalool-rich essential oil on artificial biofilms and planktonic microorganisms. | we have previously demonstrated that a linalool-rich essential oil from croton cajucara benth presents leishmanicidal activity. in the present study, we demonstrate that this essential oil inhibits the growth of reference samples of candida albicans, lactobacillus casei, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sobrinus, porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus mutans cell suspensions, all of them associated with oral cavity disease. the purified linalool fraction was only inhibitory for c. albica ... | 2005 | 15720570 |