| epidemiology (1980-1985) and nonspecific prophylaxis of q fever in the ussr (survey). | a review of the epidemiology and nonspecific prophylaxis of q fever in the ussr during 1980-1985 is presented. attention is paid of the source to infection, the seroprevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetii in man and livestock and the possibilities of prophylaxis against q fever under conditions of mandatory registration of this disease. | 1987 | 3324565 |
| epidemiology and significance of q fever in czechoslovakia. | over the last 35 years most parts of czechoslovakia have experienced q fever. of particular note were outbreaks in factories processing imported cotton, wool and hides that had been contaminated in their countries of origin. some areas of the southern part of central slovakia became a natural focus of q fever with the dermacentor marginatus tick being the main vector of coxiellae. currently, coxiella (c.) burnetii infection appears to be dormant in the country since only sporadic cases are encou ... | 1987 | 3324566 |
| infections with coxiella burnetii in man and animals in the netherlands. | a serological survey using an indirect micro-immunofluorescence test among people considered to be at risk of contracting an infection with c. burnetii yielded 75.9% seropositives, whereas controls from three geographical regions in the netherlands showed a mean of 45.5% with considerable differences per region and sex. a comparable retrospective sample from 1968 showed 46% seropositives. sera from people aged 0 to 19 years yielded 38.3% positives (8). the preliminary data of a survey among catt ... | 1987 | 3324567 |
| q fever laboratory diagnostic methods used in roumania. | the methods used presently in roumania for q fever laboratory diagnosis are presented. they include coxiella (c.) burnetii isolation procedures, q fever serologic tests, and the skin test. the diagnosis by isolation procedures is performed by inoculation into guinea pigs and embryonated eggs. q fever serologic diagnostic tests are the complement fixation (cf), microagglutination (ma), and igg-igm elisa tests. results obtained by comparing the cf test with ma and elisa tests in the diagnosis of a ... | 1987 | 3324570 |
| detection of coxiella burnetii by the immunoperoxidase technique. | an immunoperoxidase method using coxiella (c.) burnetii-specific hyperimmune serum raised in rabbits, and swine anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugate was applied to visualize c. burnetii in bgm cell cultures. the technique proved to be highly specific and did not result in any unspecific background staining. the technique was applied successfully to study the organism during multiplication in vacuoles of epithelial cells and in the phagolysosomes of macrophages. preliminary results furthe ... | 1987 | 3324571 |
| q fever vaccines: present status and application in man. | of three q fever vaccine candidates available at present, i.e., phase i corpuscular untreated, soluble, and phase i corpuscular chloroform-methanol treated vaccines, the first two were tested on hundreds of subjects exposed to q fever. based on their sufficient immunogenicity (which depends also on the tests employed) and low reactogenicity (providing that subjects with previous contact with coxiella (c.) burnetii are excluded from vaccination) these two vaccines can be recommended for vaccinati ... | 1987 | 3324573 |
| q fever vaccines for animals. | the results of different workgroups and those obtained in own investigations with q fever vaccines for cattle and sheep are reviewed and discussed. in field trials coxiella (c.) burnetii vaccines of inactivated whole cells (wc) in phase (ph) i as well as wc ph ii vaccines prevented infections of cows exposed to naturally infected environments, provided they were vaccinated as noninfected calves. to monitor calves for this purpose the sensitive elisa has superseded the complement fixation test (c ... | 1987 | 3324574 |
| epidemiology and ecology of rickettsial diseases in the people's republic of china. | since 1949, information on rickettsial diseases in the people's republic of china has been virtually nonexistent in the west. this is the first comprehensive review of the ecology and epidemiology of chinese rickettsial diseases to be published outside the people's republic. at least five rickettsioses exist in china: scrub typhus, murine typhus, epidemic typhus, q fever, and one or more spotted fever-group (sfg) rickettsioses. although epidemic typhus has been controlled and scrub typhus has ab ... | 1987 | 3326129 |
| metabolism and genetics of chlamydias and rickettsias. | chlamydial and rickettsial diseases pose a hazard to man and to domesticated and wild animals. the virulence mechanisms which aid the establishment of these obligate intracellular parasites in the eukaryotic host are still not within our grasp. recent knowledge of the biochemical stratagem, the metabolic capabilities and the genetic diversity of these microbes illustrate fundamental differences in ecology and evolutionary divergence. the preferred site of intracellular residence determines the s ... | 1987 | 3329311 |
| an outbreak of q fever probably due to contact with a parturient cat. | thirty-three cases (24 definite, nine probable) of q fever were diagnosed in victoria county, cape breton, nova scotia from may to august, 1985. twenty-six of the cases occurred in residents of baddeck (population 900, attack rate 2.8 percent), and 21 of the cases occurred during the month of june. there was geographic clustering of the cases: 14 of the 33 (42 percent) lived or worked in four buildings located side by side in the center of town. a case control study revealed that 25 of 29 cases ... | 1988 | 3335174 |
| lipopolysaccharide phase variation determines the complement-mediated serum susceptibility of coxiella burnetii. | phase variation of coxiella burnetii is due to variation of the lipopolysaccharide (lps), a phenomenon analogous to smooth-to-rough lps variation of gram-negative enteric bacteria. virulent enterobacteria usually have a smooth lps and resist serum killing, whereas avirulent rough lps mutants are sensitive to complement-mediated serum killing. like gram-negative enterobacteria, smooth lps phase variants of c. burnetii are virulent, whereas the rough lps variants are avirulent. we therefore studie ... | 1988 | 3335408 |
| q fever. a call to heighten our index of suspicion. | the prevalence of q fever infection is probably underestimated. in michigan, the first two reported human cases of q fever occurred in 1984. the case-patients lived in adjacent, rural counties and had multiple exposures to goats. we conducted a serosurvey of goat owners and a reference population to compare the prevalence of q fever antibodies in the two-county area. goat owners were almost three times more likely to be seropositive with q fever antibodies than the reference population (43% vs 1 ... | 1988 | 3341862 |
| a heat shock operon in coxiella burnetti produces a major antigen homologous to a protein in both mycobacteria and escherichia coli. | a gene library from the dna of coxiella burnetii has been constructed in the cosmid vector phc79. a particular clone, pjb196, reacted strongly with coxiella-specific antibodies elicited in a number of different species of animals. this clone produced two abundant c. burnetii-specific polypeptides, a 14-kilodalton nonimmunoreactive protein and a 62-kilodalton immunoreactive protein. sequencing identified two open reading frames, encoding polypeptides of 10.5 and 58.3 kilodaltons. the only transcr ... | 1988 | 3343219 |
| steric hindrance of antibody binding to surface proteins of coxiella burnetti by phase i lipopolysaccharide. | the exposure of surface protein antigens on virulent phase i coxiella burnetti was compared with that on avirulent phase ii cells. although anti-phase ii antibodies did not bind to the surfaces of native intact phase i cells, they bound to phase i proteins if the proteins were solubilized for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed by immunoblotting. in addition, removal of the phase i lipopolysaccharide (lps) by trichloroacetic acid exposed surface proteins for re ... | 1988 | 3346073 |
| markers of cell-mediated immunity after vaccination with an inactivated, whole-cell q fever vaccine. | a clinical trial of q fever vaccine in four south australian abattoirs showed apparently complete protection against natural infection; however, only 50%-60% of vaccinees developed complement-fixing or immunofluorescent antibody after vaccination. cell-mediated immunity to coxiella burnetii antigens, as measured by an index of lymphoproliferative responses (lsi) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, was therefore assessed. eighty-five percent of 13 subjects with "low risk" of exposure to q feve ... | 1988 | 3346570 |
| serosurvey of coxiella burnetii infection in dairy goat herds in ontario. a comparison of two methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | two technical variations of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to coxiella burnetii were compared in this serosurvey on 20 ontario dairy goat herds. both a trichloracetic acid extract and a coctoantigen of purified coxiellas were used to sensitize the microtitration plates. technical differences related to coating ph, serum dilutions tested and interpretation of results. results agreed in 98.6% of sera examined, the differing sera were in the low titer borderline r ... | 1988 | 3349400 |
| glomerular nephropathy associated with chronic q fever. | of three patients with coxiella burnetii endocarditis, two developed focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis (gn), and the third developed diffuse intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. in one case, a good therapeutic response was followed by partial remission of the renal alterations, but 10 months later there were clinical and histological signs of active glomerular nephropathy, suggesting that the antigenic stimulus persisted. in another case, poor evolution of the infectio ... | 1988 | 3354566 |
| serosurvey on the occurrence of coxiella burnetii in ontario cattle. | | 1988 | 3355970 |
| q fever endocarditis: relapse five years after successful valve replacement for a first unrecognized episode. | a 59-yr-old man presented with mitral endocarditis and negative blood cultures. antibodies to phase 2 and phase 1 antigens of coxiella burneti were detected and a diagnosis of q fever endocarditis was made. five years earlier, this patient had been successfully treated by aortic valve replacement for a first episode of endocarditis with negative blood cultures. giemsa and machiavello stains of the native aortic valve were made retrospectively and showed coccobacilli highly suggestive of coxiella ... | 1988 | 3379100 |
| quiescent q fever endocarditis exacerbated by cardiac surgery and corticosteroid therapy. | q fever endocarditis occurs in up to 11% of patients infected by coxiella burnetti. major clues for the diagnosis are culture-negative endocarditis, hepatic involvement, rash, and thrombocytopenia. characteristically, the diagnosis is delayed. in our patient, q fever endocarditis occurred without previously recorded signs of infection. fever, rash, and hepatic involvement all occurred following aortic valve replacement. the histologic picture of the excised valve was consistent with endocarditis ... | 1988 | 3382299 |
| [coxiella burnetti pericarditis. an exceptional disease]. | | 1988 | 3386317 |
| exposure to parturient cats: a risk factor for acquisition of q fever in maritime canada. | over a 34-mo period we studied 51 patients with q fever and 102 control subjects (with various lower-respiratory-tract infections) who were matched for age, sex, and time of onset of infection. by univariate analysis (not adjusted for multiple comparisons), cases differed significantly from controls in the following activities: working on a farm; slaughtering or dressing animals; and contact with cats, cattle, and sheep. the strongest association was with exposure to stillborn kittens--11 of 51 ... | 1988 | 3392409 |
| poker players' pneumonia. an urban outbreak of q fever following exposure to a parturient cat. | | 1988 | 3393197 |
| chronic q fever and severe thrombocytopenia in a pregnant woman. | | 1988 | 3400702 |
| serological reaction to legionella pneumophila group 4 in a patient with q fever. | | 1988 | 3404000 |
| abortion in black belly barbados sheep in fiji caused by coxiella burnetii. | | 1988 | 3421889 |
| [seropositivity in occupationally exposed persons to toxoplasmosis, q-fever and chlamydiosis]. | | 1987 | 3427492 |
| epidemiology and significance of q fever in hungary. | in hungary, coxiella (c.) burnetii infections were diagnosed for the first time in 1956 in a few dairy and sheep farms. q fever associated with abortion was first demonstrated in 1983 during laboratory diagnostic examination of fetuses and placentae. from case history data and on-the-spot investigations it is clear that in cattle stocks abortion caused by c. burnetii occurs sporadically, whereas in sheep flocks numerous abortions may take place within a short time. losses caused by q fever on th ... | 1987 | 3434013 |
| epidemiology of q fever in italy and in other mediterranean countries. | the history of q fever in italy may be divided into three periods: epidemic in character after the second world war, endemic occurrence from 1960 to 1980, and sporadic occurrence at present. clinical symptoms are unspecific, and diagnosis must be confirmed by serology and isolation of the causative agent. the reported incidence is consequently underestimated. results are reported of a seroepidemiologic survey in animals and humans in the italian region and western sicily. in the mediterranean ar ... | 1987 | 3434014 |
| q fever in france. | in france q fever is a notifiable disease, but information could only be obtained from fragmental inquiries. routine serologic examination of 75 901 sera during the years 1982-85 showed 430 q fever positive sera (mean rate 0.57%). our laboratory could confirm 135 cases of clinical q fever. in the region of dijon, 4.4% of the country population was seropositive, but among breeders 25% were positive. 36 persons (8%) among 245 employees of the departmental veterinary services were seropositive, som ... | 1987 | 3434015 |
| serodiagnosis of q fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) specific for igg and igm antibodies against coxiella burnetii were applied to test 208 serum samples collected within 1983 to 1986 from 128 individuals suspected of having q fever, and from 1611 serum samples of normal blood donors. among them were 2 patients with q fever endocarditis, one patient with myocarditis, one patient with chronic hepatitis, 3 patients with pneumonia, one woman who had aborted a monstrous child, 38 state veterinarians ... | 1987 | 3434017 |
| research on a possible q-fever infection in humans and animals on the cape verde islands (santa cruz/santiago, west africa). | we tested 243 domestic-animal serum samples and 316 human serum samples from the st. cruz region on santiago island for antibodies against coxiella burneti. 145 (59.6%) of the animal sera and 41.7% of the human sera tested positive. the samples were obtained after an epidemic among the human population with fever and symptoms typical of q-fever. | 1987 | 3443745 |
| serological investigations in nigeria for anthropozoonoses in human sera: brucellosis, echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydial diseases, listeriosis, rickettsiosis (coxiella burneti and rickettsia conori). | 176 blood sera taken from patients in the hospital of minna and abeokuta (nigeria) were examined for anthropozoonoses. the following positive reactions could be found: brucella abortus 9%, brucella melitensis 11.7%, echinococcosis 0.53%, toxoplasmosis 79.2% (cf-test 6.9%), chlamydial diseases 45%, listeriosis 28.7% (typ 1h) and 19.7% (typ 4bh), rickettsiosis--rickettsia conori 18.6% and coxiella burneti 63.3%. | 1987 | 3443751 |
| the incidence of coxiella burnetii antibodies in cattle in the transvaal. | with the use of the complement fixation test, 8,900 cattle were tested for antibodies to coxiella burnetii. these were randomly selected from 178 different farms in 37 districts in the transvaal. the percentage of cattle in the sample with positive antibody titres was equal to 7.78%, with a standard error of 0.28%. because of the large size of the sample, asymptotic normality can be relied upon and the population confidence interval calculated. this was found to be greater than or = 0.07 and les ... | 1987 | 3444611 |
| rickettsial antibody in southern france: antibodies to rickettsia conorii and coxiella burnetii among urban, suburban and semi-rural blood donors. | three hundred and twenty-five sera from blood donors in the south of france were examined by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test. 18% of the sera had antibodies to rickettsia conorii, with a significantly higher prevalence (26%) in urban and suburban areas than in semi-rural areas (13 to 16%). this supports the view that in the south of france the highest prevalence of mediterranean spotted fever is suburban. 5% of the sera had antibodies to coxiella burnetti in this area, in which q ... | 1987 | 3445329 |
| the taxonomic status of the causative agent of heartwater. | a fresh pragmatic classification of the rickettsias has been derived by applying the simplest techniques of numerical taxonomy. one order, the rickettsiales, containing 3 families, the rickettsiaceae, phagosomaphilaceae, and the bartonellaceae (?) is proposed. cowdria is classified as a genus along with chlamydia, coxiella and anaplasma in the tribe chlamydieae in the family phagosomaphilaceae. | 1987 | 3448563 |
| an unexpected q fever endocarditis. report of a case. | a man with blood culture negative endocarditis since 1983 received in october 1984 a mitral valve bioprosthesis. reintervention in april 1985 was performed because of a paravalvular leak. in september 1985, mitral insufficiency reappeared and high-titer phase ii q fever antibody was detected, which has since then persisted with concomitant high-titers of phase i antibody. in serum from 1983, phase ii antibody was detected on reexamination in september 1985. for unexplained reasons this antibody ... | 1987 | 3501654 |
| antibody against coxiella burnetti in animals and humans in delhi. | | 1987 | 3502628 |
| more experience on the microagglutination test in the diagnosis of legionella pneumophila infection. | the sensitivity of the indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) test in legionella pneumophila infection is said to be maximal when a plyimmunoglobulin conjugate is used. however commercially available non-class-specific fluorescent antisera are not always sensitive enough to detect igm antibodies as class-specific conjugates do. ifa test's drawback is its inability to detect early stages of infection. we routinely performed the microagglutination (ma) test in order to check the reliability of this tes ... | 1986 | 3512965 |
| immunoenzymatic test for q-fever. | an immunoenzymatic test using as antigen purified suspensions of coxiella burnetti coated by methylglyoxal on microtiter plates was developed. multiple testing of the same sera gave similar results: two dilutions of serum (1:400 and 1:1600) were used in routine tests. good agreement between the immunoenzymatic and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests was obtained for 41 of 50 sera examined. five sera negative by the immunofluorescent antibody test were positive by the immunoenzymatic te ... | 1986 | 3514100 |
| [seroprevalence of human q fever in switzerland]. | in current practice, only serology, by the titration of anti-coxiella burnetii antibodies, permits the diagnosis of acute or chronic q fever. new serological techniques have also made it possible to more accurately determine the number of people in a community who have been affected by this infectious agent. we have thus been able to compare the results of 1437 specimens from the whole of switzerland with 4009 taken in the valais. the analysis of these sera by indirect microimmunofluorescence no ... | 1986 | 3520805 |
| rickettsial perimyocarditis--a follow-up study. | sera and lymphocytes from a 37-year-old male patient with acute perimyocarditis during a q-fever endemic were analyzed for antibody and cell-mediated immune reactions and followed up 28 months later. circulating autoantibodies against myocardial tissue were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. cytolysis of vital contracting rat cardiocytes, by antimyolemmal antibodies and complement, and lymphocytotoxicity, with and without the patient's serum, were evaluated and compared with the results ob ... | 1986 | 3522535 |
| [tolerance and immunization trials with a commercial vaccine against chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii]. | | 1986 | 3527655 |
| humoral immune response to q fever: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody response to coxiella burnetii in experimentally infected guinea pigs. | the response of guinea pigs experimentally infected with coxiella burnetii organisms, the etiologic agents of q fever, was obtained by the measurement of fever, circulating infectious c. burnetii cells, and anti-c. burnetii antibodies. the detection of antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and traditional methods against phase i whole cells, phase ii whole cells, and phase i lipopolysaccharide (lps-i) (a virulence marker for phase i cells) antigens in the serum samples of i ... | 1986 | 3537005 |
| serological diagnosis of q fever endocarditis. | the diagnosis of q fever endocarditis cannot be made by bacterial cultures and necessitates serological identification of specific antibodies to coxiella burnetii which stimulates mainly the production of anti-phase ii antibodies during the acute disease, but primarily anti-phase i antibodies in endocarditis. indirect microimmunofluorescence allows rapid detection of specific iga, igg and igm. the results of serological analyses of 191 acute cases of q fever were compared with those of 8 cases o ... | 1986 | 3549313 |
| q fever in the netherlands: a sero-epidemiological survey among human population groups from 1968 to 1983. | a sero-epidemiological survey, using an indirect immunofluorescence test for igg against coxiella burnetii (phase ii), was carried out in the netherlands. serum samples taken in 1968, 1975, 1979 and 1983 were tested. occupational groups with a supposedly high risk of infection (veterinarians, residents of dairy farms and taxidermists) showed a significantly higher percentage of seropositives than defined controls. the percentage of seropositive amateur wool spinners was significantly higher than ... | 1987 | 3549343 |
| structure and biological relationships of coxiella burnetii lipopolysaccharides. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted from nine strains of coxiella burnetii were analyzed for chemical compositions, molecular heterogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and lethal toxicities in galactosamine-sensitized mice. the structure of a unique disaccharide of hydrolyzed phase i lps was determined to be galactosaminuronyl-alpha (1-6)-glucosamine (galnu-alpha (1-6)-glcn, c12h22n2o10) with an mr of 354. the mr of lpss of c. burnetii intra- and interspecific ... | 1987 | 3558367 |
| isolation of lipopolysaccharide of coxiella burnetii & some of its effects on guineapigs. | | 1986 | 3570386 |
| comparative virulence of intra- and interstrain lipopolysaccharide variants of coxiella burnetii in the guinea pig model. | we compared the relative infectivity and virulence of lipopolysaccharide (lps) variants of the nine mile strain of coxiella burnetii with those of the priscilla strain, a representative of endocarditis-type strains. in agreement with results of previous studies, nine mile phase i (9mi/i) organisms were highly infectious, eliciting seroconversion and fever with inocula containing as few as four organisms. viable 9mi/i was recovered from the spleens of infected animals 30 days postinfection. nine ... | 1987 | 3570458 |
| [serologic reactions in humans during the outbreak of q fever]. | | 1986 | 3575758 |
| an outbreak of q fever affecting postal workers in oxfordshire. | twenty-five people in oxfordshire were found to have had clinical illness due to q fever in the 3 months from april to june 1983. twelve cases were diagnosed through the routine laboratory diagnostic service. five of these were postmen, four of whom worked in a sorting office where an outbreak of illness similar to influenza had been noted by the occupational health nurse. thirteen cases were diagnosed by active case-finding in this sorting office but investigation failed to define the source of ... | 1987 | 3585037 |
| analysis of q fever in uruguay. | the first outbreak of q fever in uruguay occurred in 1956. the infection, which is caused by coxiella burnetti, occurs in sheep, cattle, swine, and horses, but not in fowl or guinea pig. most of the cases studied have been traced to cattle. fourteen outbreaks of this disease were studied between 1975 and 1985. all of the 1,358 clinically suspected cases (814 serologically confirmed) reported in uruguay occurred in workers at meat-processing plants. diagnoses of cases and serologic surveys were m ... | 1987 | 3589335 |
| atypical pneumonia: recognition and treatment. | while the term "atypical pneumonia" has been in use for many years, it cannot in fact be defined. however, there is a persuasive reason to retain the clinical use of the term, and that is to provide a guide for the clinician in the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy for patients with acute pneumonia. atypical pneumonia, then, is a descriptive term for a common clinical syndrome. provided certain clinicoepidemiological groups are excluded, the most common infectious causes of this syndrome ar ... | 1987 | 3600471 |
| the pathology of q fever hepatitis. a case diagnosed by liver biopsy. | a 52-year-old woman with fever and low grade hepatitis had q fever, a diagnosis made by the characteristic granulomas, containing fibrin and vacuoles, on liver biopsy and confirmed by serology. fibrin was demonstrated in the granulomas but coxiella burnetii antigens were not. the literature on the histopathology of the liver in both acute q fever and q fever endocarditis shows that none of the 220 cases of q fever endocarditis, with one possible exception, had the characteristic granulomas of ac ... | 1987 | 3611692 |
| dominance of chlamydia psittaci-specific igg2 subclass in the humoral immune responses of naturally and experimentally infected cattle. | indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were applied to differentiate chlamydia (c.) psittaci-specific igg1 and igg2 levels in 143 individual serum samples from cattle with naturally occurring chlamydial infections and in 190 sequential serum samples from 26 experimentally infected pregnant cows, calves, and a bull. the mean igg1:igg2 ratio of naturally infected cattle was 1:4 indicating a significant (p less than 0.001) igg2 dominance. similar ratios were detected in the experimentally infe ... | 1987 | 3629940 |
| [preliminary study on the identification of coxiella burnetii isolated in china by pyrolysis gas chromatography]. | | 1987 | 3630146 |
| antigen-specific circulating immune complexes in coxiella burnetii-infected guinea pigs. | an antigen-specific conglutinin-binding assay was developed with artificial immune complexes of coxiella burnetii and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of circulating immune complexes. sera from guinea pigs infected with c. burnetii were examined by this assay, and the percentages of infected guinea pigs with c. burnetii antigen-specific circulating immune complexes were 71, 93, 74, 65, 49, and 27%, respectively, from the first to sixth week after infection. c. burnetii anti ... | 1987 | 3653345 |
| animal models in q fever: pathological responses of inbred mice to phase i coxiella burnetii. | the susceptibility of inbred strains of mice to infection by phase i coxiella burnetii, the aetiological agent of q fever, was investigated by evaluating morbidity, mortality, antibody production and in vitro proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes. among the 47 strains of mice tested for morbidity and mortality to c. burnetii infection, 33 were resistant, 10 were of intermediate sensitivity, and four were sensitive. a/j mice exhibited the highest mortality, and surviving mice of this str ... | 1987 | 3655728 |
| analysis of caprine igg1 and igg2 subclass responses to chlamydia psittaci infection and vaccination. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) specific for caprine igg(h+l), igg1 and igg2 were developed and evaluated for serodiagnosis of chlamydia psittaci infections in a tunisian goat flock with currently occurring chlamydial abortions and a clinically inapparent goat flock of an animal research facility. additionally, elisas were applied to record the igg1 and igg2 dynamics of four goats vaccinated with inactivated chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii. for screening purposes, the igg(h+ ... | 1987 | 3660580 |
| in vitro susceptibility of coxiella burnetii to antibiotics, including several quinolones. | antibiotic susceptibility testing of the rickettsial q fever agent coxiella burnetii was performed by using persistently infected l929 fibroblast cells. the efficacies of a variety of antibiotics with different metabolic targets were tested and compared. the most effective antibiotics in bringing about the elimination of the parasite from infected cells included several quinolone compounds and rifampin. of the quinolone compounds tested, difloxacin (a-56619) was the most effective, followed by c ... | 1987 | 3662472 |
| effects of temperature upon the cell-free translation system from coxiella burnetii. | the rate and extent of coliphage q beta rna translation by cell-free extracts prepared from coxiella burnetii were studied. when translations were conducted at temperatures elevated above 37 degrees c, both polypeptide elongation and frequency of initiation were by comparison increased. the ratios of products synthesized from the polycistronic phage mrna also changed upon increases in translation temperature, especially at 45 degrees c. although the organism is a moderate acidophile, initiation ... | 1987 | 3664368 |
| [evaluation of the results of serologic studies of persons from a focus of q fever]. | | 1987 | 3669802 |
| [electron microscopic methods for the rapid diagnosis of q fever in animals]. | methods have been worked out for the electron-microscopic diagnosis of q-fever. a characteristic feature with them is the use of clinical, pathological, and experimental material that is investigated through negative contrast and ultra thin sections for the detection of rickettsial cells and inclusions. it is underlined that the methods referred to are readily applicable, economic, highly effective, and hazardless. they are described for the first time and could be adopted into the diagnostic an ... | 1987 | 3672902 |
| a sero-epidemiological study of conventional infectious agents in alzheimer's disease. | serum antibody titres to adenovirus, chlamydia group b, coxiella burnettii, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza a, influenza b, measles and mycoplasma pneumoniae were measured in 33 patients with a clinical diagnosis of alzheimer's disease, and in 28 non-demented controls suffering from functional psychiatric disorders. no statistically significant differences were found between the patients and controls, and it is concluded that these agents play no role in the aetiology of alzheim ... | 1987 | 3687571 |
| kawasaki syndrome: a controlled study of an outbreak in wisconsin. | the etiology of kawasaki syndrome remains unestablished, although a possible role has been suggested for exposure to the application of carpet shampoo, house dust mites, and rickettsial infection. during an outbreak of 20 cases of kawasaki syndrome that occurred in southeastern wisconsin from november 1982 through march 1983, a case-control study was done of 15 cases and 30 matched controls. the study included questionnaire administration, dust collection from homes, and serum specimen collectio ... | 1986 | 3728445 |
| q fever endocarditis. | q fever endocarditis, which is seen most often in great britain and australia, has been rarely observed in the united states. a patient with an eight month febrile illness who had signs and symptoms of endocarditis and serologic studies diagnostic of q fever endocarditis is reported. a history of extensive travel makes it unclear where he originally contracted the disease. q fever endocarditis is probably underdiagnosed and should be looked for in any case of culture negative endocarditis or chr ... | 1986 | 3728557 |
| q fever vaccination of sheep: challenge of immunity in ewes. | adult ewes (17 months of age) were vaccinated against coxiella burnetii, using a formalin-inactivated whole cell (wc) phase i henzerling strain vaccine or a chloroform methanol residue (cmr) vaccine. nineteen pregnant ewes were placed in 3 categories [(i) unvaccinated, (ii) wc vaccine, and (iii) cmr vaccine] and were challenge exposed at approximately the 100th day of gestation with 210,000 plaque-forming units of c burnetii inoculated subcutaneously. shedding of rickettsiae was measurably reduc ... | 1986 | 3729123 |
| encephalitis caused by coxiella burnetii. | acute infection with coxiella burnetii usually results in a self-limited illness, but it can occasionally cause chronic endocarditis or hepatitis. headache is a common presenting symptom of acute infection with this agent, but specific neurological abnormalities are rare. we report the case of a patient with acute q fever that caused frank encephalitis. we also review the literature on central nervous system disease attributable to c. burnetii. | 1986 | 3740816 |
| differences in igg1 and igg2 responses of cattle infected with coxiella burnetii and following vaccination. | vaccination of 115 cattle with a formalin-inactivated coxiella burnetii (phase ii) vaccine selectively induced a highly significant igg2 response detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high igg2 and negative or cut off igg1 levels could be detected in uninfected cattle, whereas significant igg1 but lower igg2 levels were associated with c. burnetii infections. | 1986 | 3769444 |
| a proposed model to explain persistent infection of host cells with coxiella burnetii. | l929 mouse fibroblast cells and j774 macrophage-like cells are both susceptible to persistent infection with the q fever agent coxiella burnetti. previously this laboratory has shown that persistently infected cell populations multiply with unaltered generation times or cell cycle progression. it has also been reported by others and us that highly infected cells typically exhibit one large parasite-containing vacuole. we now report that lightly and heavily infected cells are capable of division ... | 1986 | 3772338 |
| coxiella burnetii infection of a vascular prosthesis. | | 1986 | 3773962 |
| identification of phase-specific antigenic fractions of coxiella burnetti by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | antigenic fractions of coxiella burnetii phase variants were identified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). immune sera from guinea pigs immunized with formalin-inactivated phase i or phase ii whole cells were used to measure the antigenic activity of whole cells and various soluble and particulate preparations. phase-specific antigens of c. burnetii whole cells and fractions were compared by dose-response curves at different (antigen and antibody) dilutions. water-soluble extract ... | 1986 | 3782458 |
| isolation of coxiella burnetii from human sources. | a total of 153 human milk samples were subjected to capillary agglutination test (cat) for determination of c. burnetii antibodies using phase-i cat antigen and 22 (14.37%) samples were found to be positive. twenty two cat positive milk samples were further processed for the isolation of c. burnetii. of seven samples positive in first screening, only four revealed presence of c. burnetii by giving specific seroconversion in guineapigs. similarly, 16 aborted placentas were processed for c. burnet ... | 1986 | 3793389 |
| overlapping deletion in two spontaneous phase variants of coxiella burnetii. | chromosomal dna from the nine mile phase i strain of coxiella burnetii (cb9mic7) was cloned into the cosmid vector phc79. the resulting gene library was probed with a radiolabelled haeiii fragment present in the parental strain but absent from a spontaneously derived nine mile phase ii strain (cb9miic4). the insert, which includes the missing haeiii fragment, was 38.5 kb in length. when dna from this cosmid clone was hybridized to genomic dna of the parental cb9mic7 and its derivative cb9miic4, ... | 1986 | 3794655 |
| [q fever]. | | 1987 | 3803237 |
| a fatal case of q fever hepatitis in a child. | a two-year-old boy of arabic extraction presented with progressive jaundice and prolonged pyrexia. both igm and igg immunofluorescent antibody titers for q fever were 1:1280. two goats and one cow of the domestic animals owned by the family also had positive antibody titers against q fever. in spite of antibiotic treatment with tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, the hepatic involvement progressed gradually. on the twentieth day of admission the child succumbed from hepatic failure. this child pr ... | 1985 | 3843239 |
| q fever and experimental sheep. from the international council for laboratory animal science. | | 1985 | 3845065 |
| seroepidemiology of q fever among domestic animals in nova scotia. | we used the indirect microimmunofluorescence test to determine the presence of antibodies in sheep, cattle, goat, cat, and dog sera to phase i and ii coxiella burnetii antigens in nova scotia. only 6.7 per cent of the 329 sheep tested had antibodies to phase ii antigen and none had antibodies to phase i. of 29 goats tested, 7 per cent and 3.5 per cent had antibodies to phase ii and phase i antigens, respectively. in contrast, 23.8 per cent of the 214 cattle tested had antibodies to phase ii anti ... | 1985 | 3890569 |
| [clinical aspects observed during an epidemic of 415 cases of q fever]. | the clinical findings during a major epidemic of q-fever which affected 415 people in the val de bagnes (valais, switzerland) in the autumn of 1983 are reported. q-fever symptoms were evident in 191 cases but inconspicuous or absent in 224 cases. the symptoms most frequently reported were prolonged high fever, headaches, severe exhaustion, loss of appetite, cough and myalgia. amongst disorders which accompany acute q-fever, pneumonia and granulomatous hepatitis are very frequent, while myoperica ... | 1985 | 3892664 |
| q fever in infancy: a review of 18 cases. | infection with coxiella burnetti (q fever) was diagnosed in 18 children younger than 3 years of age in the netherlands during a 16-month period. the diagnosis was confirmed serologically by means of a complement-fixation test and immunofluorescence for igm determination. a summary of the clinical, hematologic, serologic and epidemiologic features is given. four children had relapsing episodes of fever during several months. the problem of childhood infection with c. burnetii, particularly in rel ... | 1985 | 3895176 |
| immunofluorescence serology. a tool for prognosis of q-fever. | the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test is currently the method of choice for q-fever laboratory diagnosis. it permits the detection of igg-, igm-, and iga-specific antibodies against the two phases of coxiella burnetii. sera from 20 cases of c. burnetii infection have been examined. only total igg against phase ii were detected in cryptic infections. in acute q-fever cases, the appearance of total igg antibodies against phase i was a sign of aggravation, while igm titers remained low. in ... | 1985 | 3896627 |
| evaluation of the complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests in the early diagnosis of primary q fever. | a comparison was made of the performance of the commonly used complement fixation test and the more recently developed indirect immunofluorescence test in the early diagnosis of q fever. the 303 sera tested were from 181 patients who contracted q fever during an outbreak in switzerland in 1983. specific igm antibodies were detected by the immunofluorescence test in 53% and 89% of sera obtained during the first and second week respectively after onset of illness. with the complement fixation test ... | 1985 | 3899636 |
| q-fever. the liver and bone marrow pathology. | eighteen liver and seven bone marrow biopsies from 44 patients with clinically and serologically proven q-fever seen during a recent outbreak were studied. highly distinctive fibrin-ring granulomas were found in seven liver and four bone marrow specimens. lipid or nonspecific granulomas often containing neutrophils and variable numbers of giant cells were noted in 13 livers and seven bone marrows. a wide variety of nongranulomatous histological changes, frequently including steatosis and nonspec ... | 1985 | 3904493 |
| immunoglobulin responses in acute q fever. | knowledge of the development of different classes of antibody during the course of acute q fever is important to the clinician for interpreting a patient's serological test results. in the present study, the appearance of antibodies to coxiella burnetii phases i and ii was determined for a period of 1 year. a total of 683 sera from 191 patients with symptomatic q fever were evaluated by the complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence (immunoglobulins m and g [igm, igg]) tests. these pati ... | 1985 | 3908466 |
| [differential affinity of pathogenic species of microorganisms for a set of lectins detectable by the sandwich method using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)]. | the qualitative differences in the affinity of concanavalin a (con a), wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) and phaseolus vulgaris lectin to the surface of 10 microbial strains inducing various diseases in humans and agricultural animals have been demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence tests. enterobacteria, coxiella burnetii and bacillus anthracis have been found to possess pronounced affinity to con a and wga, while rickettsia prowazekii, francisella tularensis and brucella abortus, a ... | 1985 | 3920844 |
| [preliminary studies on the occurrence of rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in rhipicephalus sanguineus captured in suburban areas]. | in the urban periphery of rome, two sub-zones could be distinguished, characterized by uncultivated steppeland and by small shacks with large quantities of domestic refuse, respectively. rhipicephalus sanguineus appeared to be typical of this second sub-zone. r. sanguineus adults and nymphae were captured in different seasonal periods and were checked for the prevalence of rickettsiae of the spotted fever (sf) group. moreover, larvae from hatched eggs, laid by captured r. sanguineus females, wer ... | 1985 | 3924079 |
| [chronic q fever infection (q fever endocarditis) with benign monoclonal gammopathy]. | | 1985 | 3935597 |
| acute, severe hepatitis due to coxiella burneti infection. | an unusual case of coxiella burneti infection is described in which the patient presented with an "acute abdomen" and marked clinical icterus. this case emphasizes that q-fever may appear as acute hepatitis and illustrates its "characteristic" histopathological lesions which have been recognized only recently. | 1986 | 3945204 |
| characterization of a phase i coxiella burnetii chloroform-methanol residue vaccine that induces active immunity against q fever in c57bl/10 scn mice. | the effect of phase i coxiella burnetii chloroform-methanol residue vaccine (cmrv) on the response of murine splenic lymphocytes to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli was evaluated in c57bl/10 scn endotoxinnonresponder mice with an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. intraperitoneal injection of phase i cmrv resulted in antibody production against phases i and ii antigens. lymphocytes were responsive in vitro to concanavalin a, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and specific recall antigens ... | 1986 | 3949384 |
| antigenic variation in the phase i lipopolysaccharide of coxiella burnetii isolates. | coxiella burnetii isolates from a variety of clinical and geographical sources were screened for antigenic variation of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with silver staining or immunoblotting. all isolates from chronic q fever or other sources possessed a phase i-type lps. these lpss appeared to fall into three groups based on the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile or on reactivity with rabbit anti-c. b ... | 1986 | 3957431 |
| chronic q fever endocarditis with massive splenomegaly in childhood. | two children with congenital heart disease developed persistent fever, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. both were shown to have intracardiac vegetations and evidence of infection with coxiella burnetti. thus, the same clinical manifestations of q fever may develop in both children and adults. | 1986 | 3958826 |
| synthesis of three 3-c-hydroxymethylpentoses with the d-ribo-, d-xylo- and l-lyxo-configurations. identification of the latter with a monosaccharide isolated from phase i coxiella burnetii lipopolysaccharide. | three 3-c-hydroxymethylpentoses with the d-ribo-, d-xylo and l-lyxo-configurations, were synthesised via nitromethane addition for the first two and 1,3-dithiane addition for the last one, to appropriate 3-ulose derivatives. 3-c-hydroxy-methyl-l-lyxose is identical with a monosaccharide component previously isolated from hydrolysates of the phase i coxiella burnetii lipopolysaccharide. | 1986 | 3962550 |
| suppression of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in c57bl/10 scn mice vaccinated with phase i coxiella burnetii. | the effect of inactivated phase i and phase ii coxiella burnetii whole cell vaccine (wcv) on the response of murine spleen cells to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli was evaluated in c57bl/10 scn endotoxin nonresponder mice with an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. intraperitoneal injection of phase i wcv into mice resulted in marked and persistent suppression of the proliferative response of spleen cells to concanavalin a, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen. this response was time an ... | 1985 | 3965392 |
| cell cycle distribution patterns and generation times of l929 fibroblast cells persistently infected with coxiella burnetii. | coxiella burnetii established a persistent infection of various cell lines including l929 mouse fibroblasts. although the basis for such persistence is unknown, the phenomenon does require continual growth, proliferation, and maintenance of viability of the host cells. we examined the effect of short- and long-term infection on the host cell's generation time and cell cycle. flow cytometric studies of actively growing normal and infected cells stained with mithramycin or propidium iodide reveale ... | 1985 | 3967922 |
| [hepatic form of q fever. apropos of a case]. | | 1985 | 3975463 |
| [humoral immune response of goats, rabbits and guinea pigs following vaccination with a q fever vaccine]. | | 1985 | 3985935 |
| lipopolysaccharide variation in coxiella burnetti: intrastrain heterogeneity in structure and antigenicity. | we isolated lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from phase variants of coxiella burnetii nine mile and compared the isolated lps and c. burnetii cells by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. the lpss were found to be the predominant component which varied structurally and antigenically between virulent phase i and avirulent phase ii. a comparison of techniques historically used to extract the phase i antigenic component revealed that the aqueous phase of phenol-wa ... | 1985 | 3988339 |
| [subacute brucellosis with simultaneous seroconversion against coxiella burnetii]. | | 1985 | 3990426 |
| q fever serologic surveillance program for sheep and goats at a research animal facility. | since q fever is a potential risk to personnel working with small ruminants, the serologic status of sheep and goats received at a medical school animal facility for research was evaluated. a total of 104 sheep and 102 goats were subjected to blood sample-collection procedures on arrival, as well as after a 2-week quarantine period, and the sera were tested for q fever specific antibodies by complement-fixation (cf) and microagglutination (ma) tests. the results from the 2 tests were compared an ... | 1985 | 3994098 |
| 3-c-branched aldoses in lipopolysaccharide of phase i coxiella burnetii and their role as immunodominant factors. | mild acid hydrolysis with 1% acetic acid (100 degrees c, 15-60 min) of lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from coxiella burnetii phase i cells leads to a drastic decrease in its serological reactivity as shown by the passive hemolysis test. this decrease in reactivity occurs parallel or even prior to the cleavage of lps into free lipid a and the polysaccharide moiety. during this mild hydrolysis two unusual sugars (x and y) are released from the lps, which were obtained in pure state by thin-laye ... | 1985 | 3996391 |