| characterization and gene expression of transcription factors, pu.1 and c/ebpα driving transcription from the tumor necrosis factor α promoter in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. | both pu.1 and c/ebpα transcription factors play important roles in myeloid development and inflammatory response. these transcripts were cloned from the japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) and were highly conserved with those of other vertebrates. pu.1 mrna was mainly expressed in lymphoid tissues while c/ebpα mrna was widely expressed in all tissues examined. higher levels of pu.1 mrna were expressed in the igm(+) cells of both pbl and kl, while c/ebpα expression was higher only in the i ... | 2010 | 20951726 |
| identification, phylogenetic relationships, characterization and gene expression patterns of six different annexins of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus rafinesque, 1818). | annexins are ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. they are ubiquitous in living organisms and are involved in many cellular processes. in the course of studying edwardsiella ictaluri pathogenesis in channel catfish, we identified that six annexin expressed sequence tags (a1, a2, a4, a5, a6 and a11) were up-regulated at the early stage of infection. in this study, we cloned and characterized these transcripts. the full-length nucleic acid sequences of channel catfish annexins ranges fr ... | 2010 | 20227769 |
| type vi secretion regulation: crosstalk and intracellular communication. | pathogens use type vi secretion systems (t6sss) to transport proteins into the environment or host cells in response to external stimuli. t6sss are tightly regulated together with other virulence determinants such as type iii secretion systems, quorum sensing (qs), and flagella synthesis. five pathogens (salmonella enterica, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) are examined for crosstalk proteins (global regulators) that connect t6sss to other vi ... | 2011 | 20971679 |
| protection of red sea bream pagrus major against red sea bream iridovirus infection by vaccination with a recombinant viral protein. | megalocytivirus infections cause serious mass mortality in marine fish in east and southeast asian countries. in this study the immunogenicity of crude subunit vaccines against infection by the megalocytivirus rsiv was investigated. three capsid proteins, 18r, 351r and a major capsid protein, were selected for use as crude subunit vaccines. high homology among megalocytivirus types was found in the initial sequence examined, the 351r region. red sea bream (pagrus major) juveniles were vaccinated ... | 2010 | 20236423 |
| galectin-1 (ofglec-1) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): identification, characterization, gene expression and functional properties. | lectins may function as pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) and play important roles in immune responses. in this study, a novel galectin-1 (designated ofglec-1) gene was identified from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus, cdna library. the complete cdna sequence of the ofglec-1 gene is 993 base pairs in length, and encodes 135 amino acids. ofglec-1 shares a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain with galectin-1 from other fishes. the mrna expressions of ofglec-1 in healthy and bacteri ... | 2010 | 21073891 |
| comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of high- and low-virulent strains of edwardsiella tarda. | edwardsiella tarda is a causative agent of edwardsiellosis in freshwater and marine fish. extracellular enzymic, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities, haemagglutination, autoagglutination and siderophores of high- and low- virulent e. tarda strains were examined. the results revealed different haemagglutination, autoagglutination, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities in different strains. analysis of extracellular proteins (ecps) and outer membrane proteins ... | 2010 | 21091725 |
| molecular responses of calreticulin genes to iron overload and bacterial challenge in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | infection and inflammation are often accompanied by oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species which can be deleterious to the health of the host. antioxidant defense mechanisms and components are crucial in limiting cellular and tissue-level damage and restoring homeostasis. in mammals, calreticulin is a 46-kda multifunctional calcium binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that has many critical functions in the eukaryotic cell including regulation of intracell ... | 2010 | 21093478 |
| broad-host-range plasmids for red fluorescent protein labeling of gram-negative bacteria for use in the zebrafish model system. | to observe real-time interactions between green fluorescent protein-labeled immune cells and invading bacteria in the zebrafish (danio rerio), a series of plasmids was constructed for the red fluorescent protein (rfp) labeling of a variety of fish and human pathogens. the aim of this study was to create a collection of plasmids that would express rfp pigments both constitutively and under tac promoter regulation and that would be nontoxic and broadly transmissible to a variety of gram-negative b ... | 2010 | 20363780 |
| novel expression system for combined vaccine production in edwardsiella tarda ghost and cadaver cells. | to develop combined vaccine systems, we have generated edwardsiella tarda ghosts (etg) displaying a foreign protein on the outer membrane and also ed. tarda cadaver (etc) expressing a heterologous protein in the cytoplasm. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used as a model foreign protein. a constitutive promoter (etpr c28-1) cloned newly from ed. tarda was used as a promoter for the expression of foreign protein. comparison of the strength of the new promoter with a commercially available cons ... | 2010 | 20369310 |
| mutations in the gyrb, parc, and pare genes of quinolone-resistant isolates and mutants of edwardsiella tarda. | the full length genes gyrb (2,415 bp), parc (2,277 bp), and pare (1,896 bp) in edwardsiella tarda were cloned by pcr with degenerate primers based on the sequence of the respective quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr), followed by elongation of 5' and 3' ends using cassette ligation-mediated pcr (clmp). analysis of the cloned genes revealed open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of 804 (gyrb), 758 (parc), and 631 (pare) amino acids with conserved gyrase/topoisomerase features and ... | 2010 | 21193831 |
| expression profiles of toll-like receptors in anterior kidney of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), acutely infected by edwardsiella ictaluri. | using quantitative pcr (qpcr), the relative transcriptional levels of five toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr3, tlr5, tlr20a and tlr21) were studied in the channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), under uninfected and acutely infected conditions [1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36- and 48-h post-injection (hpi)]. under uninfected conditions, the transcriptional levels of the five tlrs were significantly lower than that of 18s rrna (p < 0.001). qpcr results also revealed that the transcriptional ... | 2010 | 20384909 |
| identification and analysis of a sciaenops ocellatus isg15 homologue that is involved in host immune defense against bacterial infection. | isg15 is an interferon-stimulated gene that encodes a ubiquitin-like protein. isg15 homologues have been identified in a number of fish species, some of which are known to be regulated at expression level by virus infection and lipopolysaccharide (lps) treatment. however, the relationship between isg15 and live bacterial infection has not been investigated in piscine models. in this study, an isg15 homologue, soisg15, was identified from red drum sciaenops ocellatus and analyzed at expression an ... | 2010 | 20385242 |
| differential gene expression profiles in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) with different susceptibilities to edwardsiellosis. | edwardsiellosis, which is caused by edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, is one of the most serious problems in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) culture. in this study, we examined the immune responses at the molecular level of genetic groups of japanese flounder that are either susceptible or moderately susceptible to e. tarda infection using a cdna microarray which was spotted with approximately 2000 different genes. four different genetic groups of japanese flounder (group ... | 2010 | 20637288 |
| detection of type iii secretion gene as an indicator for pathogenic edwardsiella tarda. | to differentiate pathogenic and nonpathogenic edwardsiella tarda strains based on the detection of type iii secretion system (t3ss) gene using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2011 | 21219368 |
| identification of an edwardsiella tarda surface antigen and analysis of its immunoprotective potential as a purified recombinant subunit vaccine and a surface-anchored subunit vaccine expressed by a fish commensal strain. | edwardsiella tarda is the etiological agent of edwardsiellosis, a systematic disease that affects a wide range of marine and freshwater fish cultured worldwide. in order to identify e. tarda antigens with vaccine potential, we in this study conducted a systematic search for e. tarda proteins with secretion capacity. one of the proteins thus identified was esa1, which contains 795 amino acid residues and shares extensive overall sequence identities with the d15-like surface antigens of several ba ... | 2010 | 20673823 |
| scophthalmus maximus cystatin b enhances head kidney macrophage-mediated bacterial killing. | cystatins form a large family of cysteine protease inhibitors found in a wide arrange of organisms. studies have indicated that mammalian cystatins play important roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. however, much less is known about fish cystatins. in this report, we described the identification and analysis of a cystatin b homologue, smcytb, from turbot scophthalmus maximus. the open reading frame of smcytb is 300bp, which encodes a 99-residue protein that shares high le ... | 2010 | 20692286 |
| characterization of edwardsiella tarda isolated from farm-cultured eels, anguilla japonica, in the republic of korea. | we surveyed the occurrence of edwardsiellosis on eel farms and investigated the characteristics of edwardsiella tarda isolated from farm-cultured eels in the republic of korea. the occurrence rate of edwardsiellosis was 72% in the investigated samples. among the edwardsiellosis cases, 46% were found to be mixed infections, with parasites and other kinds of bacteria. some of the biochemical characteristics of the e. tarda isolates were different from those of the previously reported e. tarda isol ... | 2011 | 20716861 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of toll-like receptor 14 in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are essential for activation of the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens. tlr14, which is unique to fish, has been identified in several fish species, but its function is unclear. in this study, japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) tlr14 gene (jftlr14) was cloned and its expression profiles were analyzed after infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, gram-positive streptococcus iniae and gram-negative edwardsiella tarda. the coding reg ... | 2011 | 20728538 |
| osteomyelitis due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant edwardsiella tarda infection in a patient with x-linked chronic granulomatous disease. | edwardsiella tarda, a catalase-positive bacillus widely distributed throughout nature, is generally susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. we describe osteomyelitis due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant e. tarda in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). once e. tarda acquires antibiotic resistance, infected cgd patients may develop severe infections with unforeseeable consequences. | 2011 | 21246245 |
| the iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase of edwardsiella tarda inhibits macrophage-mediated innate immune response. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium that can infect a wide variety of marine and freshwater fish and cause severe economic losses worldwide. with an aim to elucidate the virulence mechanism of e. tarda, we in this study cloned and analyzed the function of an iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase (fesod) from a pathogenic e. tarda strain tx01 isolated from diseased fish. fesod is 192-residue in length and contains domain structures that are conserved among iron/manganese superoxide dis ... | 2010 | 20732430 |
| hemolysin etha in edwardsiella tarda is essential for fish invasion in vivo and in vitro and regulated by two-component system esra-esrb and nucleoid protein hhaet. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. recently, two-component system (tcs) esra-esrb in e. tarda has been found to play key roles in regulating type iii secretion system (ttss) and type vi secretion system (t6ss). in this study, a markedly attenuated δesrb mutant was investigated to exhibit enhanced cell-invasion capability, as well as the increased cytotoxicity of its extracellular products (ecps). compared with the parental strain, the δesrb mutant ... | 2010 | 20832475 |
| pocrip1, paralichthys olivaceus cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1: molecular characterization, expression analysis upon edwardsiella tarda challenge and a possible role in the immune regulation. | cysteine-rich intestinal protein (crip) is a lim domain protein containing a zinc-finger motif and plays a role in the regulation of the inflammatory immune response. in the present study, we isolated a crip1 cdna, designated pocrip1, from an olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus intestine cdna library by est analysis. the pocrip cdna consists of 421 bp with a polyadenylation signal sequence, aataaa, and a poly(a) tail; it encodes a polypeptide of 76 amino acids containing a double zinc-finger m ... | 2011 | 21288490 |
| eseg, an effector of the type iii secretion system of edwardsiella tarda, triggers microtubule destabilization. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. a type iii secretion system (t3ss) was recently shown to contribute to pathogenesis, since deletions of various t3ss genes increased the 50% lethal dose (ld(50)) by about 1 log unit in the blue gourami infection model. in this study, we report eseg as the first identified effector protein of t3ss. eseg shares partial homology with t ... | 2010 | 20855515 |
| importance of skin abrasion as a primary site of adhesion for edwardsiella ictaluri and impact on invasion and systematic infection in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. | the route of entry of edwardsiella ictaluri into its catfish host has been a subject of investigation since the pathogen was first discovered. there is evidence to support entry through the intestinal tract, the nares, and the gills. here, we evaluated the role of skin abrasion through a series of experimental challenges using bioluminescent e. ictaluri carrying the plasmid paklux1. our results show that e. ictaluri is able to colonize abrasion sites on catfish skin and that catfish with abrasio ... | 2010 | 20869817 |
| septicaemia caused by edwardsiella tarda and plesiomonas shigelloides in captive penguin chicks. | three cases of fatal septicaemia due to plesiomonas shigelloides and one due to edwardsiella tarda were diagnosed in newborn penguins from the basle zoo, switzerland from 2003 to 2007. the affected penguins were of two different species (king penguin, aptenodytes patagonicus, and african penguin, spheniscus demersus) and between 2 and 10 days old at the time of death. the causative agents, e. tarda and p. shigelloides are ubiquitous bacteria which are reported to be present in the normal intesti ... | 2011 | 21360449 |
| distribution of mucous cells on the body surface of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | the distribution of mucous cells was examined in the skin on the ocular and blind sides of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. observations were performed on both body sides at the following regions: cheek, lower jaw (blind side), gill cover (ocular side), dorsal side, lateral line, belly and caudal peduncle. the mucous cells observed were elliptic and positively stained for periodic acid schiff reaction and mayer's mucicarmine and showed a higher density and larger size on the ocular side ... | 2011 | 21366577 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of interferon regulatory factor 10 (irf10) in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. | interferons (ifns) are important for the defense against intracellular pathogens. interferon regulatory factor 10 (irf10) is a transcript factor involved in regulating ifn signaling induced by virus infections in birds, but little is know of its role in the immune response in non-avian vertebrates. here, we identified and characterized the irf10 gene and examined its expression pattern in a teleost fish, japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. japanese flounder irf10 (poirf10) gene is a singl ... | 2010 | 20883793 |
| surgical wound infection, tuboovarian abscess, and sepsis caused by edwardsiella tarda: case reports and literature review. | edwardsiella tarda is a freshwater pathogen that may cause mild to invasive infections with high mortality in humans. we describe two patients with serious e. tarda infections. the first patient was a woman with a tuboovarian abscess (toa) and bilateral salpingitis requiring surgical resection and drainage. her hospital course was complicated by a postoperative wound infection. toa fluid as well as surgical wound culture revealed pure growth of e. tarda resistant to several antibiotics. the seco ... | 2010 | 20931258 |
| structural basis for the secretion of evpc: a key type vi secretion system protein from edwardsiella tarda. | the recently identified type vi secretion system (t6ss) is implicated in the virulence of many gram-negative bacteria. edwardsiella tarda is an important cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and also gastro- and extra-intestinal infections in humans. the e. tardavirulent protein (evp) gene cluster encodes a conserved t6ss which contains 16 open reading frames. evpc is one of the three major evp secreted proteins and shares high sequence similarity with hcp1, a key t6ss virulence factor from p ... | 2010 | 20886112 |
| temperature and mg2+ sensing by a novel phop-phoq two-component system for regulation of virulence in edwardsiella tarda. | the phop-phoq two-component system is commonly used by bacteria to sense environmental factors. here we show that the phop-phoq system of edwardsiella tarda detects changes in environmental temperature and mg(2+) concentration as well as regulates the type iii and vi secretion systems through direct activation of esrb. protein secretion is activated from 23 to 35 °c or at low mg(2+) concentrations, but it is suppressed at or below 20 °c, at or above 37 °c, or at high mg(2+) concentrations. the e ... | 2010 | 20937832 |
| characterization of edwardsiella tarda waal: roles in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, stress adaptation, and virulence toward fish. | edwardsiella tarda is the causative agent of edwardsiellosis in fish. the genome sequence of a virulent strain eib202 has been determined. according to the genome sequence, the lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis cluster containing a putative o-antigen ligase gene waal was identified. here, the in-frame deletion mutant δwaal was constructed to analyze the function of waal in e. tarda eib202. the δwaal mutant displayed absence in o-antigen side chains in the lps production. the δwaal mutant exhibi ... | 2010 | 20938646 |
| isolation and distribution of bacterial flora in farmed rainbow trout from mexico. | trout farming is a growing aquaculture industry in mexico, with stock mainly supplied by the importation of eyed eggs. the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of bacterial isolations in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from mexico. sixty-five farms distributed among seven states of mexico were included in the study. individual samples from gills, liver, spleen, intestine, and kidney were obtained from 563 apparently healthy fish. in total, 371 bacterial isolates were ... | 2010 | 21413508 |
| heparin cofactor ii (rbhcii) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular characterization, cloning and expression analysis. | heparin cofactor (hcii) is a serine protease inhibitor (spi), and plays important physiological roles in various biological events including hemostasis. the gene encoding the hcii was isolated from gs-flx™ genomic data of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), designated as rbhcii. the rbhcii (1950 bp) consists of a 1512 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 504 amino acids (aa), with a signal peptide of 19 aa residues. the predicted molecular mass and the estimated isoelectric point of rbhcii were ... | 2010 | 20951808 |
| molecular characterization and gene expression of the channel catfish ferritin h subunit after bacterial infection and iron treatment. | ferritins are the major iron storage protein in the cytoplasm of cells, responsible for regulating levels of intracellular iron. ferritin genes are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in mammals, ferritin molecules are composed of heavy- (h) and light- (l) chain subunits; amphibian genomes contain three ferritin-type genes (h; middle, m; and l subunits); and teleost genomes to date contain h and m subunits. the objective of this study was to characterize the ferritin h gene in ... | 2010 | 20336795 |
| immunomodulating potency of lipopolysaccharides (lps) derived from smooth type of bacterial pathogens in indian major carp. | lipopolysaccharides (lps), the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, are reported to stimulate the immunity of different vertebrates including fish. however, their potency and spectrum of actions often differ among different bacteria. in this study, effect of crude lps, derived from three species of smooth gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens viz. edwardsiella tarda, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas fluorescens, on certain innate immune parameters of indian major carp, labeo rohita wa ... | 2011 | 21507588 |
| molecular cloning and expression study on toll-like receptor 5 paralogs in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. | toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 is responsible for the bacterial flagellin recognition in vertebrates. synergistic role of tlr 5 membrane form (tlr 5m) and tlr 5 soluble form (tlr 5s) have been reported from the study on rainbow trout. this system is regarded as the unique system in teleost fish. however, systemic response of tlr 5 genes in teleost fish has not been fully understood. hence, we cloned japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaseus) tlr 5m and tlr 5s genes and their expressions were analyze ... | 2010 | 20561590 |
| smc2p1, a c2 domain protein from scophthalmus maximus that binds bacterial pathogen-infected lymphocytes and reduces bacterial survival. | c2 domains are protein structural modules found in many eukaryotic proteins involved in signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and immune defense. most of the studied c2 domain-containing proteins are multi-domained in structure, in which the c2 domain is an independently folded motif and plays an essential role in calcium-dependent membrane-targeting. although c2 domains isolated from intact proteins have been studied for biological functions, no study on natural proteins containing c2 doma ... | 2010 | 20633652 |
| evaluation of the selective and differential et medium for detection of edwardsiella tarda in aquaculture systems. | aims: edwardsiella tarda is an important pathogen in aquaculture where it can cause serious losses. a rapid detection of it is vital to minimize the mortalities caused by this disease, and in this work, the effectiveness of the selective differential edw. tarda medium (et) was evaluated for the diagnosis of edwardsiellosis as well as for its possible use in epidemiological studies. methods and results: et medium was evaluated in parallel with the commercial salmonella-shigella agar (ss), which ... | 2011 | 21554344 |
| the efficacy of five avirulent edwardsiella tarda strains in a live vaccine against edwardsiellosis in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. | we evaluated the tissue persistence and live vaccine efficacy of five avirulent edwardsiella tarda strains (e22, su100, su117, su138, and su244) isolated from the japanese eel (anguilla japonica) and from the environment. the live vaccines, containing a single strain, were injected intraperitoneally into japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). viable bacteria from all the strains (excluding su100) were recovered from trunk-kidney tissue 28 d post-injection. japanese flounder inoculated with ... | 2010 | 20633656 |
| molecular responses of ceruloplasmin to edwardsiella ictaluri infection and iron overload in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | ceruloplasmin is a serum ferroxidase that carries more than 90% of the copper in plasma and has documented roles in iron homeostasis as well as antioxidative functions. in our previous studies, it has been shown that the ceruloplasmin gene is strongly up-regulated in catfish during challenge with edwardsiella ictaluri. however, little is known about the function of this gene in teleost fish. the objective of this study, therefore, was to characterize the ceruloplasmin gene from channel catfish, ... | 2011 | 21220026 |
| determination of internal controls for quantitative real time rt-pcr analysis of the effect of edwardsiella tarda infection on gene expression in turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | in recent years, quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-pcr (qrt-pcr) has been used frequently in the study of gene expression in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) in relation to bacterial infection. however, no investigations on appropriate qrt-pcr reference genes have been documented. in this report, we determined the potential of eight housekeeping genes, i.e. β-actin (actb), ribosomal protein l17 (rpl17), α-tubulin (tuba), elongation factor-1-α(ef1a), β-2-microglobulin (b2m), rna polymeras ... | 2011 | 21220029 |
| microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (mfap4) genes in catfish play a novel role in innate immune responses. | the lectin pathway of the complement system is characterized by two groups of soluble pattern recognition molecules, mannose-binding lectins (mbls) and ficolins. these molecules recognize and bind carbohydrates in pathogens and activate complement leading to opsonization, leukocyte activation, and direct pathogen killing. while mbls have been reported in many fish species, ficolins do not appear to be present in the teleost lineage, despite their importance in invertebrate and higher vertebrate ... | 2011 | 21232551 |
| a galectin with quadruple-domain from bay scallop argopecten irradians is involved in innate immune response. | galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that specifically bind to β-galactoside residues and play crucial roles in innate immune responses of invertebrates and vertebrates. the cdna of bay scallop argopecten irradians galectin (designated as aigal2) was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method based on the expressed sequence tag (est). the full-length cdna of aigal2 was of 2137 bp. the open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 555 amino acids containing four car ... | 2011 | 21237194 |
| comparative study of the immune effect of an edwardsiella tarda antigen in two forms: subunit vaccine vs dna vaccine. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen and the etiological agent of a systematic fish disease called edwardsiellosis, which affects a wide range of marine and freshwater fish. e. tarda vaccines in various forms have been reported by a number of research groups; however, comparative studies on the immune mechanisms of these vaccines are lacking. in this report, we identified a new e. tarda vaccine candidate, eta2, and analyzed in a comparative manner the immune response induced ... | 2011 | 21255681 |
| protective effect of herbal and probiotics enriched diet on haematological and immunity status of oplegnathus fasciatus (temminck & schlegel) against edwardsiella tarda. | this study determines the effect of diet enriched with the herb baical skullcap scutellaria baicalensis, and/or probiotics lactobacillus sakei bk19 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus (32 ± 3 g) against edwardsiella tarda. the changes in haematological parameters, innate immune response, and disease resistance were investigated after 1, 3, and 6 weeks. the white blood cell count (wbc: 10(4) mm(-3)), red blood cell count (rbc: 10(6) mm(-3)), and haemoglobin (hb: g dl(-1)) levels significant incr ... | 2011 | 21272648 |
| construction and analysis of the immune effect of an edwardsiella tarda dna vaccine encoding a d15-like surface antigen. | edwardsiella tarda is a severe aquaculture pathogen with a broad host range that includes both humans and animal. in a previous study, we have identified in e. tarda a d15-like surface antigen, esa1, which, when used as a recombinant subunit vaccine, is able to induce protective immunity in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) against e. tarda challenge. in this study, we examined further the immunoprotective potential of esa1 as a dna vaccine. for this purpose, the dna vaccine plasmid pce ... | 2010 | 21059395 |
| characterization and expression analysis of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) in rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is a universal adaptor protein able to activate nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) through interactions with interleukin-1 receptor (il-1r) and the toll-like receptors (tlrs), with the exception of tlr3. here, we describe the identification of myd88 from the rock bream fish oplegnathus fasciatus and its characterization based on gs-flx™ sequencing. the cdna of rock bream myd88 was found to be composed of 1626 bp, with an 867 bp open reading frame that encode ... | 2010 | 21152988 |
| molecular characterization of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (nod)-2, analysis of its inductive expression and down-stream signaling following ligands exposure and bacterial infection in rohu (labeo rohita). | nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (nod)-2 is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr) and is a member of nod like receptor (nlr) family. it senses a wide range of bacteria and viruses or their products and is involved in innate immune responses. in this report, nod-2 gene was cloned and characterized from rohu (labeo rohita) which is highly commercially important fish species in the indian subcontinent. the full length rohu nod-2 (rnod-2) cdna comprised of 3176bp with a singl ... | 2011 | 21767564 |
| characterization and expression analysis of a goose-type lysozyme from the rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus, and antimicrobial activity of its recombinant protein. | lysozyme (muramidase) represents an important defense molecule of the fish innate immune system. known for its bactericidal properties, lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds between the n-acetyl glucosamine and n-acetyl muramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. in this study, the complete coding sequence of a g-type lysozyme (rbglyz) was identified in the oplegnathus fasciatus rock bream fish genome by means of multi-tissue normalized cdna pyroseque ... | 2010 | 21167286 |
| an inflammatory cc chemokine of cynoglossus semilaevis is involved in immune defense against bacterial infection. | chemokines are a family of small cytokines that regulate leukocyte migration. based on the arrangement of the first two cysteine residues, chemokines are classified into four groups called cxc(+¦), cc(+¦), c, and cx(3)c. in this study, we identified a cc chemokine, cscck1, from half-smooth tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis) and analyzed its biological activity. the deduced amino acid sequence of cscck1 contains 111 amino acid residues and is phylogenetically belonging to the ccl19/21/25 group ... | 2011 | 21723394 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of cathepsin b and l cysteine proteases from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases of the papain family that play an important role in intracellular protein degradation and turn over within the lysosomal system. in the present study, full-length sequences of cathepsin b (rbcathepsin b) and l (rbcathepsin l) were identified after transcriptome sequencing of rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus mixed tissue cdna. cathepsin b was composed of 330 amino acid residues with 36 kda predicted molecular mass. rbcathepsin l contained 336 amino acid ... | 2010 | 21195770 |
| suppression subtractive hybridization coupled with microarray analysis to examine differential expression of genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus leucocytes during edwardsiella tarda and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection. | transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus challenged by edwardsiella tarda and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) were investigated using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) coupled with cdna microarray analysis. first, we constructed an ssh cdna library using mrna samples isolated from pbl of p.-áolivaceus that had been experimentally infected with e.-átarda. we then examined the transcriptional changes occurring ... | 2011 | 21722737 |
| the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase of edwardsiella ictaluri and its use as balanced-lethal system in fish vaccinology. | asda mutants of gram-negative bacteria have an obligate requirement for diaminopimelic acid (dap), which is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall of these organisms. in environments deprived of dap, i.e., animal tissues, they will undergo lysis. deletion of the asda gene has previously been exploited to develop antibiotic-sensitive strains of live attenuated recombinant bacterial vaccines. introduction of an asd(+) plasmid into a δasda mutant makes the bacterial st ... | 2010 | 21209920 |
| development of a novobiocin-resistant edwardsiella ictaluri as a novel vaccine in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | the efficacy of a novel attenuated edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine (b-50348) was determined in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by bath immersion and intraperitoneal (ip) injection. the vaccine was developed from a virulent strain of e. ictaluri (al93-58) through selection for novobiocin resistance. when channel catfish (average weight 10 g) were ip injected with 4.2 +ù 10ôüâ colony-forming units (cfu) of the attenuated vaccine b-50348, no fish died. however, when the same age and size matche ... | 2011 | 21699944 |
| comparative genomic analysis of bacteriophages specific to the channel catfish pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri. | the bacterial pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri is a primary cause of mortality in channel catfish raised commercially in aquaculture farms. additional treatment and diagnostic regimes are needed for this enteric pathogen, motivating the discovery and characterization of bacteriophages specific to e. ictaluri. | 2011 | 21214923 |
| use of fluorescent immuno-chemistry for the detection of <em>edwardsiella ictaluri</em> in channel catfish (<em>i. punctatus</em>) samples. | while edwardsiella ictaluri is a major pathogen of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and has been discovered nearly three decades ago (1,2), so far, to the best of these authors' knowledge, no method has been developed to allow for the in situ visualization of the bacteria in histological sections. while bacterial localization has been determined in vivo in previous studies using plate counts (3), radiometric labeled (4), or bioluminescent bacteria (5), most of these studies have only been per ... | 2011 | 21610669 |
| detection of yersinia enterocolitica in artificially-contaminated pork using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against yersinia enterocolitica were produced by fusion of ns-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of icr mouse immunized with heat-killed and heat-killed plus sds-mercaptoethanol treated forms of y. enterocolitica atcc 27729 alone or mixed with y. enterocolitica mu. the twenty-five mabs obtained from five fusions were divided into nine groups according to their specificities to different bacterial strains and species, as determined by dot blotting. the first five ... | 2011 | 21699558 |
| molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of a nuclear oligomerization domain proteins subfamily c (nlrc) in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are involved in the effective innate defense against several microbes. here, we identified a nucleotide-oligomerization domain (nod)-like receptor subfamily c (nlrc) from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). full-length transcript of jfnlrc is composed of 3976bp encoding a protein of 1175 deduced amino acid residues. the presence of a signature nucleotide-binding domain (nacht) and leucine-rich repeated domain (lrr) suggested that the protein is a memb ... | 2011 | 21642003 |
| htpg is involved in the pathogenesis of edwardsiella tarda. | hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that is involved in diverse cellular processes including protein folding/repairing and signal transduction. edwardsiella tarda is a serious fish pathogen that affects fish aquaculture worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential importance of htpg, the prokaryotic homologue of hsp90, in the pathogenesis of e. tarda. e. tarda htpg is 627-residue in length and contains domain structures that are conserved among hsp90 family members. quantitative ... | 2011 | 21664076 |
| isolation and identification of a novel inducible antibacterial peptide from the skin mucus of japanese eel, anguilla japonica. | in this study, acetone extracts and acidic extracts were prepared from skin mucus, gill, kidney, liver and spleen of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, and they exhibited different levels of antibacterial activities against three strains of gram-negative bacteria, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sp. and one gram-positive bacterium micrococcus leteus. the mucus was chosen as the source of antibacterial peptide for further purification of antibacterial peptides. following the ... | 2011 | 21796440 |
| the effect of metals on condition and pathologies of european eel (anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments. | forty-nine wild eels (anguilla anguilla) caught in the albufera lake (spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, pb, se and zn), condition (ci and hsi indices), as well as for diseases (anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (w(b)>200g; l≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of ... | 2011 | 22030412 |
| Identification of plasma-responsive outer membrane proteins and their vaccine potential in Edwardsiella tarda using proteomic approach. | We have used differential sub-proteomic methodologies to detect Edwardsiella tarda outer membrane (OM) protein expression regulation during interaction with fish and human plasma, which is the critical step of the bacterial invasion internal organs via blood circulation. Seven and nine OM proteins were differentially expressed in response to fish and human plasma stress, respectively. Six proteins, TolB2, ETAE_2935, ETAE_0245, EvpA, ETAE_2675 and OmpA, were the shared proteins with the similar c ... | 2011 | 22137900 |
| a stable plasmid system for heterologous antigen expression in attenuated vibrio anguillarum. | to stably synthesize heterologous protein in an attenuated vibrio anguillarum strain (mvav6203) for potential multivalent live vaccine application, plasmids with different replicons were used to construct protein expression systems in this work. the gfp fragment under control of a strict low-iron-regulated promoter p(viua) was inserted into seven plasmids with varied replicons derived from pat153, pacyc184, pbbr1, pec, pmw118, prk2, and psc101, to generate seven corresponding plasmids. our resul ... | 2011 | 21791231 |
| application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the control of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases: a review. | oral administration of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) has attracted considerable attention as a means of controlling infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origin. oral administration of igy possesses many advantages compared with mammalian igg including cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. this review presents an overview of the potential to use igy immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases and speculates on the future of igy ... | 2011 | 21787857 |
| Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract. | Peperomia pellucida leaf extract was characterized for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and chemical compositions. Anticancer activity of P. pellucida leaf extract was determined through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and the antimicrobial property of the plant extract was revealed by using two-fold broth micro-dilution method against 10 bacterial isolates. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was then charact ... | 2011 | 22071643 |
| qsebc controls flagellar motility, fimbrial hemagglutination and intracellular virulence in fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. | the inter-kingdom communication with the mammalian hosts mediated by autoinducer-3 (ai-3)/epinephrine (epi)/norepinephrine (ne), and transduced by two-component systems qsebc has recently been described. as a fish pathogen and opportunistic pathogen for human beings, edwardsiella tarda develops surface structures such as flagellar and fimbriae to cause different hemagglutination phenotypes and serotypes and initiate pathogen-host recognition and invasion process. e. tarda survives within macroph ... | 2011 | 21288493 |
| effect of short-term feeding duration of diets containing commercial whole-cell yeast or yeast subcomponents on immune function and disease resistance in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | juvenile channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, were fed diets supplemented with yeast or yeast subcomponents (yys) as commercial preparations of ß-glucan (macrogard(®) and betagard a(®) ), mannan oligosaccharide (bio-mos(®) aqua grade), or whole-cell saccharomyces cerevisiae (levucell sb20(®) ) at the manufacturers' recommended levels. fish were fed experimental diets for 1 or 2 weeks prior to disease challenge (pre-challenge feeding periods) and sampled at the end of each feeding period to meas ... | 2011 | 21320174 |
| Genetic relationships of Edwardsiella strains isolated in China aquaculture revealed by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting and investigation of Edwardsiella virulence genes. | The aim of this study was to classify Edwardsiella strains isolated from China aquaculture based on biochemical and molecular methods. | 2011 | 21974718 |
| a novel in vivo inducible expression system in edwardsiella tarda for potential application in bacterial polyvalence vaccine. | recombinant bacterial vector vaccine is an attractive vaccination strategy to induce the immune response to a carried protective antigen, and the main concern of bacterial vector vaccine is to establish a stable antigen expression system in vector bacteria. edwardsiella tarda is an important facultative intracellular pathogen of both animals and humans, and its attenuated derivates are excellent bacterial vectors for use in recombinant vaccine design. in this study, we design an in vivo inducibl ... | 2011 | 21964456 |
| molecular and functional analyses of growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) from olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) is an important neuroendocrine factor that stimulates the release of growth hormone (gh) from the anterior pituitary. several nonmammalian ghrh-like peptides were reported previously to be encoded by pacap and processed from the same transcript and prepropolypeptide. however, the true nonmammalian ghrhs in amphibian and fishes were only recently discovered. we identified and characterized the primary structure of the ghrh gene and determined its expression ... | 2011 | 21376131 |
| generation of two auxotrophic genes knock-out edwardsiella tarda and assessment of its potential as a combined vaccine in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | two auxotrophic genes that play essential roles in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis--alanine racemase (alr) gene and aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) gene--knock-out edwardsiella tarda (+öalr +öasd e. tarda) was generated by the allelic exchange method to develop a combined vaccine system. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used as a model foreign protein, and was expressed by transformation of the mutant e. tarda with antibiotic resistant gene-free plasmids harboring cassettes for gf ... | 2011 | 21397031 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a thioredoxin from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus, and biological activity of the recombinant protein. | thioredoxins (trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved proteins that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. trx1, which contains a conserved redox-active site, cys-gly-pro-cys, is a proinflammatory cytokine, b cell growth factor, macrophage migration inhibiting factor (mif), and an immune regulatory cytokine. the trx1 homologue cdna was isolated from the rock bream lps-stimulated liver cdna library, rbtrx1. rbtrx1 consists of 730 bp full-length cdna with a 324 bp open re ... | 2011 | 21402159 |
| [cloning and expression of a outer membrance protein gene(omps(2);) of edwardsiella tarda hb01 and its immunogenicity]. | to construct a recombinant strain bl21(de3)(pet-28a-omps(2);), and obtain a genetic engineering vaccine to provide protective immunity against diseases caused by edwardsiella tarda. | 2011 | 21968306 |
| outer membrane vesicles as a candidate vaccine against edwardsiellosis. | infection with edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, causes high morbidity and mortality in both marine and freshwater fish. outer membrane vesicles (omvs) released from gram-negative bacteria are known to play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and host immune responses, but no such roles for e. tarda omvs have yet been described. in the present study, we investigated the proteomic composition of omvs and the immunostimulatory effect of omvs in a natural host, as well as the eff ... | 2011 | 21408115 |
| crohn's disease exacerbation induced by edwardsiella tarda gastroenteritis. | exacerbations of crohn's disease are not infrequently associated with bacterial gastroenteritis. the recognition of synchronous infections in such patients is vital for the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. furthermore, the detection of active bacterial infections may lead the clinician to delay starting biological therapy. we report here a man presenting with an exacerbation of his crohn's disease during a trip to thailand. stool cultures were positive for the unusual gut pathoge ... | 2011 | 22125507 |
| Phenoloxidase in the scallop Chlamys farreri: Purification and antibacterial activity of its reaction products generated in vitro. | Phenoloxidase (PO) was purified from hemocytes of the scallop Chlamys farreri using native-PAGE and gel permeation column chromatography, and then substrate specificity and antibacterial activity generated from reaction products of purified PO were analyzed. The results showed purified PO had a molecular mass of 576 kDa in native-PAGE and 53 kDa in denatured PAGE, and could catalyze the substrates L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), dopamine, catechol and hydroquinone suggesting it is a type ... | 2012 | 22119576 |
| Molecular cloning and functional analysis of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. | The gene encoding nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) was cloned from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the role played by NOD1 during Edwardsiella tarda infection was evaluated. The complete open reading frame of NOD1 was 2820bp in length, encoding a 939-amino acid polypeptide. The NOD1 protein contains three conserved domain structures including C-terminal LRRs, a central NACHT motif, and an N-terminal CARD domain, which show similarities of 49-74% to those of other ve ... | 2011 | 22142819 |
| effect of common aquaculture chemicals against edwardsiella ictaluri and e. tarda. | edwardsiellosis is an important bacterial infection of freshwater and marine fishes. edwardsiella ictaluri causes enteric septicemia of catfish, and e. tarda causes emphysematous putrefactive disease of catfish and fish gangrene in various species; these diseases have considerable economic effects on the aquaculture industry. in addition, e. tarda is an important zoonotic pathogen. thus, the reduction or elimination of these pathogens from an aquarium or aquaculture facility is imperative. this ... | 2010 | 21413505 |
| rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) serpin, protease nexin-1: transcriptional analysis and characterization of its antiprotease and anticoagulant activities. | protease nexin-1 (pn-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein with functional roles in growth, development, patho-physiology and injury. here, we report our work to clone, analyze the expression profile and characterize the properties of the pn-1 gene in rock bream (rb), oplegnathus fasciatus. rbpn-1 encodes a peptide of 397 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular mass of 44 kda and a 23 aa signal peptide. rbpn-1 protein was found to harbor a characteristic serpin domain comprised ... | 2011 | 21419793 |
| study on the immune enhancement of different immunoadjuvants used in the pentavalent vaccine for turbots. | in this study, we investigated the immune enhancing effects of different adjuvants used in a pentavalent vaccine for turbots. the pentavalent vaccine consisted of inactive bacterial cells from five common pathogenic strains (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio scophtalmi, edwardsiella tarda, vibrio harveyi and vibrio alginolyticus) and the adjuvants were astragalus polysaccharides (aps), propolis, and the freund's complete adjuvant (fca). turbots were immunized with the pentavalent vaccine alone or with ... | 2011 | 22178783 |
| recombinant outer membrane protein a (ompa) of edwardsiella tarda, a potential vaccine candidate for fish, common carp. | outer membrane protein a (ompa) is a component of the outer membrane of edwardsiella tarda and is wildly distributed in enterobacteriaceae family. the gene encoding the ompa protein was cloned from e. tarda and expressed in escherichia coli m15 cells. the recombinant ompa protein containing his(6) residues was estimated to have a molecular weight of ∼38kda. in western blot the native protein showed expression at ∼36kda molecular weight which was within the range of major outer membrane proteins ... | 2011 | 21482086 |
| search for live attenuated vaccine candidate against edwardsiellosis by mutating virulence-related genes of fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. | aims: the aims of this study were to construct and evaluate the live attenuated vaccine against edwardsiellosis on zebra fish model. methods and results: in this study, the deletion mutant of aroc gene for the biosynthesis of chorismic acid in ed. tarda eib202 was firstly constructed by allelic exchange strategy. according to the genome information, 19 double mutants and 1 multiple mutant were successively constructed by deleting virulence-associated genes based on the ?aroc mutant. zebra fish ... | 2011 | 21777261 |
| construction and evaluation of a live vaccine against edwardsiella tarda and vibrio harveyi: laboratory vs. mock field trial. | edwardsiella tarda and vibrio harveyi are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that affect a wide range of cultured fish. in previous studies, we have reported an e. tarda live vaccine atcc15947 and a v. harveyi subunit vaccine degq. on the basis of these studies, in the present study we developed a cross protective vaccine against both e. tarda and v. harveyi by constructing a recombinant atcc15947, et15vhd, that expresses and secrets v. harveyi degq as a soluble antigen. laboratory studies in a t ... | 2011 | 21514342 |
| the edwardsiella ictaluri type iii secretion system is regulated by ph and phosphate concentration through esra, esrb, and esrc. | a recently described edwardsiella ictaluri type iii secretion system (t3ss) with functional similarity to the salmonella pathogenicity island-2 t3ss is required for replication in channel catfish head-kidney-derived macrophages (hkdm) and virulence in channel catfish. quantitative pcr and western blotting identified low ph and phosphate limitation as conducive to expression of the e. ictaluri t3ss, growth conditions that mimic the phagosomal environment. mutagenesis studies demonstrated that exp ... | 2011 | 21551284 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of the channel catfish cathepsin d genes. | cathepsin d is a lysosomal aspartic proteinase that participates in various degradation functions of the cell. in this study, we characterized the cathepsin d genes in channel catfish and found two genes encoding catfish cathepsin d, referred to as cathepsin d1 and d2 genes. these two genes are highly similar in genomic structure and organization, sharing a moderate level of amino acid sequence similarity (56%). genomic southern analysis suggested the presence of a single copy of each of the cat ... | 2011 | 21558007 |
| edwardsiella tarda dnaj is a virulence-associated molecular chaperone with immunoprotective potential. | members of the dnaj/hsp40 family play an important role in protein homeostasis by regulating the activity of dnak/hsp70. in this study, we examined the activity and function of the dnaj from edwardsiella tarda, a serious fish pathogen that can also infect humans and birds. in silico analysis indicated that e. tarda dnaj contains structural features, i.e. the j domain, the glycine/phenylalanine-rich region, and the zinc-finger domain, that are conserved among type i hsp40. purified recombinant dn ... | 2011 | 21601637 |
| Secreted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against microbial infection in aquaculture. | Aims: Subcellullar localizations and cross-immunities of GAPDHs from six common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture were investigated. Methods and Results: Subcellullar localizations of GAPDHs of Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, Edwardsiella ictaluri ATCC33202, Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34, Vibrio anguillarum MVM425, Vibrio alginolyticus EPGS020401 and Vibrio harveyi VIB647 were analysed with Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry examinations. Immunoprotections of different r ... | 2012 | 22017642 |
| qualitative shift to indirect development in the parasitic sea anemone edwardsiella lineata. | direct development lies at 1 end of a continuum that encompasses various degrees of indirect development. indirect development exists where a larval stage is interposed between the embryo and the adult and undergoes metamorphosis, though the ecological and morphological distinctiveness of the larval stage relative to the adult stage can vary tremendously. there are numerous empirical examples where direct development has evolved from indirect development, but little empirical evidence describing ... | 2006 | 21672788 |
| edwardsiella tarda - virulence mechanisms of an emerging gastroenteritis pathogen. | human edwardsiella tarda infections often manifest as gastroenteritis, but can become systemic and potentially lethal. e. tarda uses virulence factors that include type iii and type vi secretion systems, quorum sensing, two-component systems, and exoenzymes to gain entry into and survive within the host. better understanding of interactions between these factors will lead to the development of novel antimicrobials against e. tarda and other enterics. | 2012 | 21924375 |
| Evaluation of an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda to channel catfish. | To evaluate the feasibility of using an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants. | 2011 | 21895899 |
| a case of liver abscess caused by edwardsiella tardaa. | edwardsiella tarda, a member of the enterobacteriaceae family, is found in freshwater and marine environments. extraintestinal infections of edwardsiella tarda have been rarely reported. we describe a 70-year-old japanese woman suffering from autoimmune hemolytic anemia, with liver abscess caused by edwardsiella tarda. she had a history of cholecystectomy for gallbladder stone 10 years prior to this admission. she was successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic abscess aspiration and mer ... | 2011 | 21720067 |
| pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: i. identification, phylogeny and expression of nod-like receptors. | innate immune system plays a significant role in all multicellular organisms. the key feature of the system is its ability to recognize and respond to invading microorganisms. vertebrates including teleost fish have evolved an array of pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) for detecting and responding to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), including toll-like receptors (tlrs), nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (nlrs), and the retinoic acid in ... | 2011 | 22200599 |
| characterization of edwardsiella tarda rpon: roles in σ(70) family regulation, growth, stress adaption and virulence toward fish. | edwardsiella tarda eib202, a gram-negative pathogen with strong virulence, is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing edwardsiellosis with high mortality to fish. alternative sigma factor 54 (rpon) is an important regulator of virulence and stress resistance genes in many bacterial species and mainly responsible for transcription of genes in nitrogen utilization. in this study, the in-frame rpon deletion mutant was constructed to analyze the function of rpon in edwardsiella tarda firstly. c ... | 2012 | 22231477 |
| effect of heavy oil exposure on antibacterial activity and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | heavy oil (ho) pollution is one of the most important environmental issues globally. however, little is known about the immunotoxicity of ho in fish. we therefore investigated the effects of ho exposure on immunocompetence and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. to test immunocompetency, serum collected from the fish was mixed with edwardsiella tarda, plated, and the resultant number of bacterial colonies was counted. plates with serum from ho-exposed ... | 2012 | 22228536 |
| inductive expression of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and associated downstream signaling molecules following ligand exposure and bacterial infection in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. among various types of tlrs, tlr5 is involved in recognizing bacterial flagellin and after binding, it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. in this report, we analyzed the expression profile of tlr5 and its associated downstream signaling molecules like myd88 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor-associated factor (traf) 6 ... | 2012 | 22085689 |
| detection of edwardsiella tarda by fluorometric or biosensor methods using a peptide ligand. | in this study, we identified a peptide ligand for edwardsiella tarda from a phage peptide library and tested two approaches for sensitive detection of the bacteria with the peptide labeled with fluorescein or biotin. at first, the fluorescent peptide was proved to be advantageous in the fluorescence polarization (fp) assay because sensitivity of the assay is maximized when a fluorophore is linked to a small molecule. the fp assay using the fluorescent peptide enabled detection of e. tarda in a r ... | 2011 | 22155055 |
| first description of edwardsiella tarda in senegalese sole, solea senegalensis (kaup). | | 2012 | 22168457 |
| an outer membrane porin protein modulates phage susceptibility in edwardsiella ictaluri. | bacteriophages φeiau and φeidwf are lytic to the catfish pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri. the e. ictaluri host factors that modulate phage-host interactions have not been described previously. this study identified eleven unique e. ictaluri host factors essential for phage infection by screening a transposon mutagenized library of two e. ictaluri strains for phage-resistant mutants. two mutants were isolated with independent insertions in the omplc gene that encodes a putative outer membrane por ... | 2011 | 22135098 |
| Molecular characterization of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), analysis of its inductive expression and associated down-stream signaling molecules following ligands exposure and bacterial infection in the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita). | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. Among various TLR types, TLR2 is involved in recognizing specific microbial structures such as peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), zymosan etc., and after binding them it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce various cytokines. In this report, TLR2 gene was cloned and characterized in rohu (Labeo rohita), which is highly commercially important f ... | 2011 | 22173272 |
| Differential resistance to edwardsiellosis in rohu (Labeo rohita) families selected previously for higher growth and/or aeromoniasis-resistance. | Selection in fish for disease resistance is one of the most useful approaches to solve disease problems. Genetic variation in resistance to edwardsiellosis in fullsib families of rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated in the present study. A large variation in the susceptibility pattern (0 to 94.74 percent survival) against Edwardsiella tarda challenge was observed among 57 families. Additive genetic variation showed a heritability of 0.38?±?0.08 across the year-class survival. The apparent resista ... | 2011 | 22012677 |