| improved antimicrobial activity of pediococcus acidilactici against salmonella gallinarum by uv mutagenesis and genome shuffling. | pediococcus acidilactici is a widely used probiotic, and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) is a significant pathogen in the poultry industry. in this study, we improved the antimicrobial activity of p. acidilactici against sg using uv mutation and genome shuffling (gs). to improve antimicrobial activity against sg, uv mutagenesis was performed against wild-type p. acidilactici (wt), and five mutants showed improved antimicrobial activity. to further improve antimicrobial activity, gs w ... | 2017 | 28470335 |
| rapid electrochemical quantification of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum based on glucose oxidase and antibody-modified silica nanoparticles. | in this article, a facile and sensitive electrochemical method for quantification of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum (s. pullorum and s. gallinarum) was established by monitoring glucose consumption with a personal glucose meter (pgm). antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (igg-mnps) were used to capture and enrich s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, and igg-mnps-s. pullorum and igg-mnps-s. gallinarum complexes were magnetically separated from a sample using a permanent magnet. ... | 2017 | 28429065 |
| characterization of salmonella gallinarum from an outbreak in raigarh, chhattisgarh. | the present investigation was conducted to isolate and characterize salmonella gallinarum from an outbreak of fowl typhoid in layer birds. | 2017 | 28344395 |
| guanosine 5'-monophosphate-chelated calcium and iron feed additives maintains egg production and prevents salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected layers. | we evaluated the effects of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (gmp) -chelated calcium and iron (cafe-gmp) on the health and egg quality in layers experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum. in this study, cafe-gmp feed additives was fed with commercial layer feed to layer over four weeks and all were inoculated with salmonella gallinarum. body weight, mortality, clinical symptoms, and poultry production including feed intake, egg production, egg loss, and feed conversion rate were observed and ... | 2017 | 28057911 |
| safety and protective efficacy of a spic and crp deletion mutant of salmonella gallinarum as a live attenuated vaccine for fowl typhoid. | with an aim to develop a safe, immunogenic fowl typhoid (ft) vaccine, the safety and efficacy of 1009δspicδcrp, a spic and crp deletion mutant of salmonella gallinarum, were evaluated in chickens. three-day-old chickens were intramuscularly immunized with 1009δspicδcrp (1×10(7)cfu) and boosted 7days later (at 10-days old) with the same dose and via the same route (vaccinated group). the vaccinated group showed no clinical symptoms and no differences in body weight compared to the unvaccinated co ... | 2016 | 27473974 |
| hepatic cholinesterase of laying hens naturally infected by salmonella gallinarum (fowl typhoid). | salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that may cause foodborne gastroenteritis in humans and animals consisting of over 2000 serovars. the serovar salmonella gallinarum is an important worldwide pathogen of poultry. however, little is known on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in chickens. the aim of this study was to evaluate cholinesterase and myeloperoxidase activities in hepatic tissue of laying hens naturally infected by s. gallinarum. twenty positive liver samples f ... | 2016 | 27377431 |
| anaemia, serum iron concentrations and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in laying hens infected naturally by salmonella gallinarum. | the aim of this study was to evaluate anaemia, serum iron concentrations and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ala-d) activity in laying hens infected naturally by salmonella gallinarum and having severe hepatic lesions. liver and serum samples were collected from 27 laying hens (20 infected and seven uninfected). the δ-ala-d activity, haematocrit and serum iron concentrations were evaluated. there were significant decreases in δ-ala-d activity, haematocrit and serum iron concentrations (p <0.01) i ... | 2016 | 27262503 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of a novel inactivated salmonella pullorum ghost vaccine against virulent challenge in chickens. | salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum is the causative agent of pullorum disease in poultry, an acute systemic disease that results in a high mortality rate in young chickens. vaccines have been considered in many developing countries where levels of infection are high and eradication is not a realistic option. an attenuated strain combined with protein e-mediated cell lysis was used to generate a safety enhanced salmonella pullorum ghost vaccine. immune responses and protection induced by ghost ... | 2016 | 27090623 |
| ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase activity in laying hens naturally infected by salmonella gallinarum and their effects on the pathogenesis of the disease. | salmonella gallinarum is the etiologic agent of fowl typhoid that affects chickens and turkeys causing egg production drops, infertility, lower hatchability, high mortality, and as a consequence severe economic losses to the poultry industry. the alterations in ntpdase and adenosine deaminase (ada) activities have been demonstrated in several inflammatory conditions; however, there are no data in the literature associated with this infection. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activ ... | 2016 | 26911648 |
| influence of heat-labile serum components in the presence of ompa on the outer membrane of salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid. being a gram-negative bacteria, its outer membrane proteins (omp) can be regulated by different microenvironments. s. gallinarum was cultured under the following conditions: nutrient broth (nb), nb supplemented with serum from specific pathogen-free birds (nbs) and nb with serum incubated at 56 °c prior to incubation with the bacteria (nbsd); omp were subsequently extracted. several changes were observed in the apparent expression of ... | 2016 | 26597854 |
| utilization of a modified phage e protein lysis system accounts for increased biomass in salmonella gallinarum ghosts. | a major limiting issue of bacterial ghost technology involves the stable maintenance of phix174 lysis gene e expression. unwanted leaky expression of gene e in the absence of induction temperature results in reduced biomass production of host bacterium, consequently leading to the lower yield of bacterial ghost. to mitigate the leaky expression status of lysis gene e, we utilized a novel e-lysis system in which gene e is located between sense λpr promoter with a ci857 regulator and antisense par ... | 2015 | 26473678 |
| type 1 fimbriae are important factors limiting the dissemination and colonization of mice by salmonella enteritidis and contribute to the induction of intestinal inflammation during salmonella invasion. | we have recently shown that salmonella gallinarum type 1 fimbriae with endogenous mannose-resistant (mr) variant of the fimh protein increase systemic dissemination of s. gallinarum and colonization of internal organs in comparison to the s. gallinarum fimh knockout strain or the mutant expressing mannose-sensitive (ms) fimh variant from s. enteritidis. elaborating from these studies, we proposed that ms variants of fimh are advantageous in gastrointestinal infections, in contrast to mr fimh var ... | 2015 | 25914682 |
| protection against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella enteritidis infection in layer chickens conferred by a live attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain. | in the present study, we investigated the protection conferred by a live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) strain against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella gallinarum (sg), and salmonella enteritidis (se) infection in layer chickens. birds were orally primed with the attenuated st strain at 7 days of age and then boosted at 4 weeks post prime immunization (ppi). sequential monitoring of plasma igg and mucosal secretory iga (siga) levels revealed that inoculation with st in ... | 2015 | 25713506 |
| a novel approach for the generation of salmonella gallinarum ghosts and evaluation of their vaccine potential using a prime-booster immunization strategy. | a novel, regulatory e-lysis cassette was used in this study to avoid the untimely expression of lysis gene e and to achieve stable and improved production of salmonella gallinarum (sg) ghosts. a prime-booster immunization strategy using these ghosts was subsequently utilized with the aim of inducing a robust immune response for the prevention of acute fowl typhoid infection. in the first animal experiment, a total of 54 chickens were equally divided into three groups (n=18): group a (non-immuniz ... | 2014 | 25454861 |
| comparative evaluation of safety and efficacy of a live salmonella gallinarum vaccine candidate secreting an adjuvant protein with sg9r in chickens. | we previously reported jol916, a live attenuated salmonella gallinarum (sg), as a vaccine candidate for protection from fowl typhoid (ft). in the present study, we evaluated jol1355, an sg that secretes heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit protein, for safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against ft. in a single intramuscular inoculation, live attenuated sg (jol916) and commercial live attenuated sg9r immunized groups showed gross lesions and bacterial persistence up to 21 days post-immu ... | 2014 | 25239101 |
| deciphering why salmonella gallinarum is less invasive in vitro than salmonella enteritidis. | salmonella gallinarum and salmonella enteritidis are genetically closely related however associated with different pathologies. several studies have suggested that s. gallinarum is less invasive in vitro than s. enteritidis. in this study we confirm that the s. gallinarum strains tested were much less invasive than the s. enteritidis strains tested in cells of avian or human origin. in addition, the s. gallinarum t3ss-1-dependent ability to invade host cells was delayed by two to three hours com ... | 2014 | 25175996 |
| generation of a safe salmonella gallinarum vaccine candidate that secretes an adjuvant protein with immunogenicity and protective efficacy against fowl typhoid. | we constructed a live, attenuated salmonella gallinarum (sg) that secretes heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit protein (ltb), and evaluated this strain as a new vaccine candidate by assessing its safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against fowl typhoid. an asd(+) p15a ori low-copy plasmid containing eltb encoding ltb was transformed into a δlonδcpxrδasd sg (jol967) to construct the candidate, jol1355. in experiments 1 and 2, birds were orally immunized with jol1355 at 4 weeks of age, wh ... | 2014 | 24689430 |
| generation of a safety enhanced salmonella gallinarum ghost using antibiotic resistance free plasmid and its potential as an effective inactivated vaccine candidate against fowl typhoid. | a safety enhanced salmonella gallinarum (sg) ghost was constructed using an antibiotic resistance gene free plasmid and evaluated its potential as fowl typhoid (ft) vaccine candidate. the antibiotic resistance free pya3342 plasmid possesses aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene which is complimentary to the deletion of the chromosomal asd gene in the bacterial host. this plasmid was incorporated with a ghost cassette containing the bacteriophage phix174 lysis gene e, designated as pjhl101. t ... | 2014 | 24406393 |
| virulence determinants of salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum identified by pcr signature-tagged mutagenesis and the spic mutant as a candidate live attenuated vaccine. | salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum (s. gallinarum biovar pullorum) is the causative agent of pullorum disease (pd) in chickens which results in considerable economic losses to the poultry industries in developing countries. pcr-signature tagged mutagenesis was used to identify virulence determinants of s. gallinarum biovar pullorum and novel attenuated live vaccine candidates for use against this disease. a library of 1800 signature-tagged s. gallinarum biovar pullorum mutants was constructed ... | 2014 | 24355532 |
| prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella gallinarum isolated from eggs produced in conventional or organic farms in south korea. | to determine the prevalence of salmonella serotype enteritidis in eggs in south korea, we conducted a microbiological survey of commercially available eggs produced in conventional or organic farms during the period from 2010 to 2012. the contents of 7,000 raw shell eggs (6,000 of conventional and 1,000 of organic origin) were examined to evaluate the extent and type of salmonella enteritidis contamination. a total of 26 salmonellae (7.4% of all pooled samples) were isolated from 350 homogenized ... | 2013 | 24046429 |
| outbreaks of salmonellosis in three different poultry farms of kerala, india. | avian salmonellosis is an important disease causing serious impediment to the development of poultry industry especially in developing countries of asia and africa. since no "effective" immunoprophylactic measures are available for the disease till date, strict biosecurity is the only alternative to preclude the disease. for formulating the control measures, an understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, proper diagnosis and identification of the causative agent is quintessential. this rep ... | 2013 | 23730565 |
| comparison of 3 culture methods and pcr assays for salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum detection in poultry feed. | to detect salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum in artificially contaminated poultry feed, 9 culture combinations were compared, including 3 preenrichment/enrichment methods (tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/tetrathionate hajna, tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/selenite cystine broth, and salmosyst) in combination with 3 selective agars (xylose lysine desoxicholate agar added with tergitol 4, ef-18, and önöz), respectively. additionally, a single pcr technique was applied comb ... | 2013 | 23687146 |
| a comparative study of culture methods and pcr assay for salmonella detection in poultry drinking water. | the present work compared 2 culture methods and pcr assays for motile and nonmotile salmonella detection using artificially contaminated poultry drinking water. the specificity was 1 for all methods studied. the accuracy and sensitivity were 1 for all motile strains, whereas these parameters were between 0 and 0.7 for nonmotile salmonella strains. the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 1 for all motile salmonella strains in the 3 methods used. nonmotile salmonella strai ... | 2013 | 23243252 |
| the long view: salmonella--the last forty years. | as a part of the 40th anniversary celebrations of avian pathology we review the last four decades of salmonella research which has led to major progress in our understanding of the bacteriology and infection biology of the organism through the huge advances in molecular biology and immunology that have accompanied technical advances in biology generally. in many countries combinations of improvements in management, sometimes under legislative pressure and supported by a number of basic biologica ... | 2012 | 23025669 |
| construction of a salmonella gallinarum ghost as a novel inactivated vaccine candidate and its protective efficacy against fowl typhoid in chickens. | in order to develop a novel, safe and immunogenic fowl typhoid (ft) vaccine candidate, a salmonella gallinarum ghost with controlled expression of the bacteriophage phix174 lysis gene e was constructed using pmmp99 plasmid in this study. the formation of the salmonella gallinarum ghost with tunnel formation and loss of cytoplasmic contents was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. no viable cells were detectable 24 h after the induction of gene e expressi ... | 2012 | 22620989 |
| pathomorphological, immunohistochemical and bacteriological findings in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected with s. gallinarum. | the present study describes the pathological and bacteriological findings and diagnosis by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) naturally infected with salmonella gallinarum obtained from three commercial budgerigar rearing farms. the course of the disease in young budgerigars was peracute or acute, whereas in adult budgerigars the disease was acute or chronic. clinically, yellow-white diarrhoea was observed in the young budgerigars with the ac ... | 2012 | 22515538 |
| [vaccination against avian typhosis with killed vaccine does not interfere with the serological identification of fowl typhoid]. | | 2013 | 13413610 |
| the effect of high levels of vitamins on the resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. | | 1955 | 13340620 |
| observations on experimental fowl typhoid. | | 1955 | 13233365 |
| furazolidone in the treatment of fowl typhoid in turkeys. | | 1954 | 13142959 |
| a study of sulfaquinoxaline and sulfamethazine in fowl typhoid among breeder turkeys. | | 1951 | 14829766 |
| the prophylactic and therapeutic properties of sulfamerazine in fowl typhoid. | | 1950 | 14783269 |
| physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid. | | 1949 | 18137142 |
| physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid. | | 1948 | 18100292 |
| the agglutination test as a means of detecting fowl typhoid infection. | | 1947 | 20290832 |
| fowl typhoid: report of a recent outbreak in ontario. | | 1946 | 17648207 |
| fowl typhoid; certain aspects of the experimentally produced disease. | | 1946 | 20990794 |
| [not available]. | | 1946 | 20287118 |
| employment of a double sugar medium for routine diagnosis of bacillary white diarrhea, fowl typhoid, and fowl cholera. | | 1927 | 16559286 |
| intracellular delivery of ha1 subunit antigen through attenuated salmonella gallinarum act as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and low pathogenic h5n3 virus. | introduction of novel inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against different strains of prevailing and emerging low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses is not an economically viable option for poultry. engineering attenuated salmonella gallinarum (s. gallinarum) vaccine delivering h5 lpai antigens can be employed as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and lpai viruses, while still offering economic viability and sero-surveillance capacity. in this study, we developed a jol1814 bivalent va ... | 2017 | 28784184 |
| characterization of salmonella gallinarum isolates from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction detection of invasion (inva) and salmonella plasmid virulence (spvc) genes. | the aim was to characterize salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolated from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of virulence genes invasion (inva) and salmonella plasmid virulence c (spvc). | 2017 | 28831228 |
| case report of salmonella gallinarum urinary tract infection in a renal allograft recipient. | urinary tract infections (utis) caused by nontyphoidal salmonella in a renal allograft recipient are a rare occurrence. although there is some existing literature on salmonella typhi bacteriuria and non-typhoidal bacteriuria, none of the cases has been reported in a renal transplant patient. this case report describes a rare instance in which group d salmonella was isolated from a renal allograft recipient's urine culture and the patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. | 2017 | 28838447 |