| identification and analysis of aarp, a transcriptional activator of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii. | the aarp gene has been identified in a search for activators of the 2-n-acetyltransferase [encoded by aac(2')-ia] in providencia stuartii. introduction of aarp into p. stuartii on a multicopy plasmid resulted in a 9.9-fold increase in the accumulation of beta-galactosidase from an aac(2')-lacz fusion. northern (rna) blot analysis demonstrated that this increased aac(2')-ia expression occurred at the level of mrna accumulation. the deduced aarp protein was 15,898 da in size and exhibited signific ... | 1995 | 7768849 |
| comparative in vitro activity of fk-037, a new cephalosporin antibiotic. | the in vitro activity of fk-037, a novel parenteral oxime-type cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin against a total of 668 recent clinical isolates. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure, and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) colony forming units). fk-037 inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella species, proteus mirabilis, p. vulgaris, morganell ... | 1994 | 7867295 |
| cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals. | cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ... | 1994 | 7867299 |
| in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone cp-99,219. | the in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone cp-99,219 [7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)naphthyridone] was compared with those of four other quinolones against 541 gram-negative, 283 gram-positive, and 70 anaerobic bacterial isolates. cp-99,219 inhibited 90% of many isolates in the family enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml (range, < 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml), an activity comparable to those of tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin and two times greater than that of temaflo ... | 1994 | 7872757 |
| molecular epidemiology of catheter-associated bacteriuria in nursing home patients. | urine samples from 19 nursing home patients with long-term urinary catheters were cultured every 3 months for 18 months. providencia stuartii, present in 74% of the elderly and in 59% of urine specimens, was the most frequently isolated bacteria. the persistence of p. stuartii was significantly higher among females than among males. in order to study the epidemiology of bacteriuria in this nursing home, bacteria were characterized by biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and rest ... | 1994 | 7913094 |
| prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in europe. study group 'bacterial resistance' of the paul-ehrlich-society for chemotherapy e. v. | since 1984, when the first fluoroquinolone, norfloxacin, was marketed in europe, there has been a marked increase in the usage of this class of drugs. in order to evaluate the influence of this drug usage on the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococcus faecalis we reviewed the susceptibility data from four collaborative surveys conducted betw ... | 1994 | 7927836 |
| characterization of transposon tn1528, which confers amikacin resistance by synthesis of aminoglycoside 3'-o-phosphotransferase type vi. | providencia stuartii bm2667, which was isolated from an abdominal abscess, was resistant to amikacin by synthesis of aminoglycoside 3'-o-phosphotransferase type vi. the corresponding gene, aph(3')-via, was carried by a 30-kb self-transferable plasmid of incompatibility group incn. the resistance gene was cloned into puc18, and the recombinant plasmid, pat246, was transformed into escherichia coli dh1 (reca) harboring pox38gm. the resulting clones were mixed with e. coli hb101 (reca), and transco ... | 1994 | 8031033 |
| characterization of aara, a pleiotrophic negative regulator of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii. | we have utilized transposon mutagenesis to obtain insertional mutations in providencia stuartii that activate the chromosomal aac(2')-la gene. two closely linked mini-tn5cm insertions were obtained in a locus designated aara, and a single insertion was obtained in a separate locus, aarc. nucleotide sequence analysis, complementation studies, and localization of the sites of mini-tn5cm insertion have allowed the identification of the aara coding region. the deduced aara protein had a molecular ma ... | 1994 | 8051030 |
| levofloxacin in vitro activity: results from an international comparative study with ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. | levofloxacin, the s-(-)-isomer of ofloxacin, was compared to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against > 6000 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from six different countries. this international multicenter study demonstrated a high level of antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against all the members of enterobacteriaceae [minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)50s, < or = 0.03 to 0.12 mg/l] except providencia rettgeri (mic50, 2 mg/l), and providencia stuartii (mic50 ... | 1994 | 8077990 |
| characterization and sequence of phoc, the principal phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase of morganella morganii. | phosphatase activities were investigated in morganella morganii, which is one of the few enterobacterial species producing high-level phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase activity (hpap phenotype), and the gene encoding the major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase was cloned, sequenced, and its product characterized. using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, morganella produced a major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase (named phoc) which is associated with the hpap phenotype, ... | 1994 | 8081499 |
| incidence of bacteria from clean-catch and catheterized urine of nursing home residents. | urine cultures from 1990 through 1992 were analyzed to determine the incidence of common isolates in residents from over 50 nursing homes in oklahoma. of all 11,480 isolates in clean-catch and catheterized specimens, the most common were: escherichia coli (24% of all isolates), pseudomonas aeruquinosa (11%), proteus mirabilis (10%), enterococcus faecalis (8%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7%), providencia stuartii (5%), and staphylococcus aureus (4%). the most striking findings of this study were the ... | 1993 | 8106919 |
| predictive accuracy of disk diffusion test for proteus vulgaris and providencia species against five newer orally administered cephalosporins, cefdinir, cefetamet, cefprozil, cefuroxime, and loracarbef. | three members of the tribe proteeae (proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, and providencia stuartii) were tested against five newer orally administered cephalosporins (cefdinir, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefetamet, and loracarbef) by the disk diffusion and reference broth microdilution methods. one hundred strains of these organisms were tested to confirm the excessive interpretive error rates that previously had been noted for the disk diffusion test. the results indicate that the suggested disk ... | 1994 | 8150976 |
| colonization of urinary catheters by escherichia coli and providencia stuartii in a laboratory model system. | a laboratory model system was developed to investigate the progressive colonization of urinary catheters by escherichia coli providencia stuartii, prominent organisms in the polymicrobial bacteriuria of the long-term catheterized urinary tract. we hypothesized that colonization of the catheter and artificial urine by e. coli is influenced by the presence of p. stuartii. e. coli or p. stuartii in pure culture both rapidly colonized the artificial urine and catheters, and both persisted throughout ... | 1994 | 8201673 |
| [ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. epidemiologic aspects]. | the aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) in gram negative bacilli (april 1990-march 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments. | 1993 | 8305553 |
| [report of three cases of purple urine bag syndrome which occurred with a combination of both e. coli and m. morganii]. | purple urine bag syndrome is a rare phenomenon in which bags turns purple or blue following catheterization. this phenomenon was reported to occur by providencia stuartii in the presence of indicanuria. we reported herein three females above 75 years of age having a similar phenomenon. all were bedridden chronically and constipated. in these cases, no growth of p. stuartii was found on repeated urine culture, but escherichia coli and morganella morganii were concomitantly isolated during the blu ... | 1993 | 8320467 |
| comparative in vitro activity of biapenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic. | biapenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with high stability to human renal dehydropeptidase i. its in vitro activity was compared with that of imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin and gentamicin against a total of 650 recent clinical isolates. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu). biapenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgari ... | 1993 | 8354306 |
| resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in barbados. | resistance to third-generation, or extended-spectrum, cephalosporins caused by induction of class i beta-lactamases has been reported rarely from developing countries. seven isolates of cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative rods were recovered recently from urine, burns and ulcers in the queen elizabeth hospital, barbados. the isolates were identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2), citrobacter freundii (1), enterobacter cloacae (1), morganella morganii (1), providencia stuartii (1) and prot ... | 1993 | 8367967 |
| characterization and transcriptional regulation of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene from providencia stuartii. | we have cloned the chromosomally encoded 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene [aac(2')-ia] from providencia stuartii. dna sequence analysis of the cloned insert identified a single open reading frame, which is capable of encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 20,073 da. the deduced aac(2')-ia protein showed no significant homology to other proteins, including all of the aac(3) and aac(6') proteins. primer extension analysis was used to identify the aac(2')-ia promoter, which contained an u ... | 1993 | 8407825 |
| characterization of a plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster found in members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | plasmid-encoded urease gene clusters found in uropathogenic isolates of escherichia coli, providencia stuartii, and salmonella cubana demonstrated dna homology, similar positions of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, and manners of urease expression and therefore represent the same locus. dna sequence analysis indicated that the plasmid-encoded urease genes are closely related to the proteus mirabilis urease genes. | 1993 | 8449894 |
| the plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster of the family enterobacteriaceae is positively regulated by urer, a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators. | ureolytic clinical isolates of providencia stuartii, salmonella spp., and some escherichia coli strains contain large urease-encoding plasmids. expression of urease activity from these isolates is induced at least 20-fold by urea. in order to facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanism controlling this urea-inducible expression, the plasmid-encoded urease genes were inserted into the low-copy-number vector prk415, to form psef70. deletion mutagenesis of psef70 demonstrated that between 1.3 an ... | 1993 | 8501050 |
| rapid access to pharmacokinetics data and correlation between antimicrobial susceptibility results and drug tissue distribution using a personal computer. | mymic is a computer-aided system capable of integrating antibiotic susceptibility data with the concentrations the drugs reach in various body tissues and fluids by calculating site concentration/minimal inhibitory concentration quotients. the program can be run on any low-cost personal computer operating under ms-dos, provided it is equipped with a hard-disk drive and with a minimum of 512 kilobytes of random access memory. the use of the program does not require any knowledge of computer langu ... | 1993 | 8510569 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the proteeae in japan, 1989]. | we discussed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of proteeae isolated in japan, 1989. eight hundred six clinical isolates were collected from 47 hospitals. these were comprised of 431 strains of proteus mirabilis, 155 proteus vulgaris, 154 morganella morganii, 44 providencia rettgeri and 22 providencia stuartii. antibiotics tested in this study were 2 penicillins, 5 cephems, 1 carbapenem and 2 aminoglycosides. the mic's were determined using the standard method of the japan society of chemotherap ... | 1993 | 8515560 |
| emergence of bacterial resistance to imipenem and ciprofloxacin in a university hospital. | we have continuously monitored the in-vitro activities of imipenem and ciprofloxacin against large numbers of non-fastidious clinical isolates. after eight years of use, 97-100% of enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter baumannii remained susceptible to imipenem, but susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa declined from 100% to 91%. after six years of use, 94%-100% of enterobacteriaceae (except providencia stuartii) remained susceptible to ciprofloxacin but susceptibility of p. stuartii, a. bauma ... | 1995 | 8522464 |
| a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ... | 1995 | 8529440 |
| bacteremia due to providencia stuartii: review of 49 episodes. | we reviewed cases of providencia stuartii bacteremia at a large community teaching hospital during a 12-year period (1981 to 1992). none of the infections were hospital-acquired. of the 49 patients, 47 (96%) came from a nursing home, and 45 (92%) had a long-term indwelling foley catheter. the urinary tract was definitely proven to be the source of bacteremia in 35 patients (71%) and was the probable source in another 5 patients (11%). polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in 25 patients (51%). the o ... | 1996 | 8578355 |
| susceptibility of bacterial isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics from u.s. clinical trials over a 5-year period. | results are reported for agar dilution susceptibility testing of 3,075 isolates of aerobic bacteria collected from >200 u.s. institutions, located in 30 different states. these isolates were collected from 1987 through 1991 from patients who participated in cefepime clinical trials. cefepime susceptibility was compared with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and imipenem. to avoid duplication of strains, only initial isolates were included. cefepime minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 1996 | 8678092 |
| identification and characterization of phon-sf, a gene on the large plasmid of shigella flexneri 2a encoding a nonspecific phosphatase. | a gene encoding a nonspecific phosphatase, named phon-sf, was identified on the large virulence plasmid (pmysh6000) of shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000. the phosphatase activity in ysh6000 was observed under high-phosphate conditions. however, it was found that low-phosphate conditions induced a slightly higher level of activity. the nucleotide sequence of the phon-sf region cloned from pmysh6000 possessing the phon-sf gene encoded 249 amino acids with a typical signal sequence at the n terminus. th ... | 1996 | 8755883 |
| aard, a providencia stuartii homologue of cydd: role in 2'-n-acetyltransferase expression, cell morphology and growth in the presence of an extracellular factor. | in a search for genes involved in regulation of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii, a mini-tn5cm insertion has been isolated in a locus designated aard. the aard1::mini-tn5cm mutation resulted in a 4.7-fold increase in the levels of beta-galactosidase accumulation from an aac(2')-lacz transcriptional fusion and a 32-fold increase in the levels of gentamicin resistance in p. stuartii. the wild-type aard locus was cloned on a 5.0 kb cla i fragment and complemented the aard1 mutatio ... | 1996 | 8830242 |
| characterization of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene from mycobacterium fortuitum. | a novel gene encoding an aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase (aac) was cloned from mycobacterium fortuitum. dna sequencing results identified an open reading frame that we have called aac(2')-ib encoding a putative protein with a predicted molecular mass of 24,800 da. the deduced aac(2')-ib protein showed homology to the aac(2')-ia from providencia stuartii. this is the second member of a subfamily of aac(2')-i enzymes to be identified. no homology was found with other acetyltransferases, incl ... | 1996 | 8891143 |
| a bifunctional urease enhances survival of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica and morganella morganii at low ph. | to infect a susceptible host, the gastrointestinal pathogen yersinia enterocolitica must survive passage through the acid environment of the stomach. in this study, we showed that y. enterocolitica serotype o8 survives buffered acidic conditions as low as ph 1.5 for long periods of time provided urea is available. acid tolerance required an unusual cytoplasmically located urease that was activated 780-fold by low-ph conditions. acid tolerance of helicobacter species has also been attributed to u ... | 1996 | 8932305 |
| the prevalence of gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase in the proteeae and its role in the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan. | the prevalence of aac(2')-ia, a gene coding for gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii, among species of the proteeae was investigated to determine if it is a common resistance factor and whether the correlation observed in p. stuartii between its expression and the levels of peptidoglycan o-acetylation represents a general feature of bacteria producing this form of modified peptidoglycan. an evaluation of the mics of gentamicin for each of the species of the proteeae did not ... | 1996 | 8961557 |
| bactericidal activity of cefodizime on enterobacteriaceae in an in-vitro model simulating plasma pharmacokinetics in humans. | an in-vitro dialysis model was employed to assess the feasibility of once-daily dosing of cefodizime in the treatment of infections caused by various enterobacteriaceae: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, providencia stuartii and enterobacter cloacae. this model simulated the concentrations of cefodizime detected in human blood after an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 1 g or 2 g of the antibiotic. validation of the model was undertaken to con ... | 1997 | 9069535 |
| aarc, an essential gene involved in density-dependent regulation of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii. | the 2'-n-acetyltransferase [aac(2')-ia] in providencia stuartii has a dual function where it is involved in the acetylation of peptidoglycan and certain aminoglycosides. a search for negative regulators of the aac(2')-ia gene has resulted in the identification of aarc. a missense allele (aarc1) resulted in an 8.9-fold increase in beta-galactosidase accumulation from an aac(2')-lacz transcriptional fusion. northern blot analysis demonstrated an increase in aac(2')-ia mrna accumulation that was sp ... | 1997 | 9079912 |
| [maggot therapy for gangrene and osteomyelitis]. | 5 patients with diabetic-foot were treated by maggot therapy. the most serious case was in a 75-year-old man who had gangrene and osteomyelitis of the right foot. proteus mirabilis, enterococcus sp., providencia stuartii and staphylococcus spec. (coagulase positive) were isolated from lesions which did not respond to antibiotic therapy. the patient had twice refused amputation but agreed to maggot therapy. larvae of the sheep blowfly phoenicia (lucilia) sericata were used for twice-weekly treatm ... | 1997 | 9153871 |
| the role of o-acetylation in the metabolism of peptidoglycan in providencia stuartii. | the gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase [ec 2.3.1.59; aac(2')-ia] of providencia stuartii was shown to contribute to the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan and mutants that either under- or overexpress the aac(2')-ia gene was characterized phenotypically to possess either lower or higher levels of peptidoglycan o-acetylation, respectively, compared to the wild-type. these mutants were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. p. stuartii pr100, with 42-44% peptidoglycan o-acetylation compared to 54% ... | 1996 | 9158736 |
| characterization of gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase from providencia stuartii: its use of peptidoglycan metabolites for acetylation of both aminoglycosides and peptidoglycan. | the relationship between the acetylation of peptidoglycan and that of aminoglycosides in providencia stuartii has been investigated both in vivo and in vitro. adaptation of the assay for peptidoglycan n-->o-acetyltransferase permitted an investigation of the use of peptidoglycan as a source of acetate for the n acetylation of aminoglycosides by gentamicin n-acetyltransferase [ec 2.3.1.59; aac(2')]. the peptidoglycan from cells of p. stuartii pr50 was prelabelled with 3h by growth in the presence ... | 1997 | 9209022 |
| an extracellular factor regulating expression of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase of providencia stuartii. | the chromosomal aac(2')-ia gene in providencia stuartii encodes a housekeeping 2'-n-acetyltransferase [aac(2')-ia] involved in the acetylation of peptidoglycan. in addition, the aac(2')-ia enzyme also acetylates and confers resistance to the clinically important aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin. expression of the aac(2')-ia gene was found to be strongly influenced by cell density, with a sharp decrease in aac(2')-ia mrna accumulation as cells approached stationar ... | 1997 | 9257754 |
| substrate recognition by the leucyl/phenylalanyl-trna-protein transferase. conservation within the enzyme family and localization to the trypsin-resistant domain. | the leucyl/phenylalanyl-trna-protein transferase (l/f-transferase) from escherichia coli catalyzes a peptidyltransferase reaction that results in the n-terminal aminoacylation of acceptor proteins using leu-, phe-, and met-trnas as amino acid donors. we demonstrated that l/f-transferase homologs are widely distributed throughout the eubacteria, supporting our proposal that the enzyme family is ancient and catalyzes early peptide bond synthesis. however, here we present data suggesting that the l ... | 1997 | 9407082 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of gv129606, a new broad-spectrum trinem. | gv129606 is a new parenteral trinem antibiotic belonging to the beta-lactam class. it combines broad-spectrum activity (against gram-negative and -positive bacteria, aerobes and anaerobes), with high potency and resistance to beta-lactamases. comparative in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities were determined for gv129606 against more than 400 recent clinical isolates (aerobes, including beta-lactamase producers, and anaerobes), using representative antibacterial agents (meropenem, piperac ... | 1997 | 9420050 |
| identification and characterization of aarf, a locus required for production of ubiquinone in providencia stuartii and escherichia coli and for expression of 2'-n-acetyltransferase in p. stuartii. | providencia stuartii contains a chromosomal 2'-n-acetyltransferase [aac(2')-ia] involved in the o acetylation of peptidoglycan. the aac(2')-ia enzyme is also capable of acetylating and inactivating certain aminoglycosides and confers high-level resistance to these antibiotics when overexpressed. we report the identification of a locus in p. stuartii, designated aarf, that is required for the expression of aac(2')-ia. northern (rna) analysis demonstrated that aac(2')-ia mrna levels were dramatica ... | 1998 | 9422602 |
| mutations in aare, the ubia homolog of providencia stuartii, result in high-level aminoglycoside resistance and reduced expression of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase. | the aare1 allele was identified on the basis of the resulting phenotype of increased aminoglycoside resistance. the aare1 mutation also resulted in a small-colony phenotype and decreased levels of aac(2')-ia mrna. the deduced aare gene product displayed 61% amino acid identity to the escherichia coli ubia protein, an octaprenyltransferase required for the second step of ubiquinone biosynthesis. complementation experiments in both providencia stuartii and e. coli demonstrated that aare and ubia a ... | 1998 | 9559821 |
| antimicrobial spectrum and target site of d-3-phenyllactic acid. | geotrichum candidum excretes d-3-phenyllactic acid, which inhibits the growth of listeria monocytogenes. it was found to inhibit a range of gram-positive bacteria found in humans and foodstuffs, such as staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis, and gram-negative bacteria from humans, such as providencia stuartii and klebsiella oxytoca. scanning electron microscope studies on the effect of d-3-phenyllactic acid on l. monocytogenes showed that it caused changes in bacterial behavior and str ... | 1998 | 9620125 |
| ceftazidime and aztreonam resistance in providencia stuartii: characterization of a natural tem-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, tem-60. | a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase produced from a clinical strain of providencia stuartii has been purified and characterized. the gene coding for the beta-lactamase was cloned and sequenced. it appears to be a new natural tem-derived enzyme, named tem-60. point mutations (q39k, l51p, e104k, and r164s) are present with respect to the tem-1 enzyme; the mutation l51p has never been previously reported, with the exception of the chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum beta-lactamase per-1. kinetic p ... | 1998 | 9624494 |
| men 10700, a new penem antibiotic: in-vitro activity and its correlation with beta-lactamase stability, pbp affinity and diffusion through the bacterial cell wall. | the in-vitro activity of men 10700, a novel penem, was compared with that of imipenem, ritipenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and amikacin against 1088 strains taken from 21 genera, including gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. mic data showed that men 10700 was very active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < or = 0.5 mg/l) and against most members of the enterobacteriaceae (mic90 < or = 2 mg/l), with reduced activity only against providencia stua ... | 1998 | 9630405 |
| a regulatory cascade involving aarg, a putative sensor kinase, controls the expression of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase and an intrinsic multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) response in providencia stuartii. | a recessive mutation, aarg1, has been identified that resulted in an 18-fold increase in the expression of beta-galactosidase from an aac(2')-lacz fusion. transcriptional fusions and northern blot analysis demonstrated that the aarg1 allele also resulted in a large increase in the expression of aarp, a gene encoding a transcriptional activator of aac(2')-ia. the effects of aarg1 on aac(2')-ia expression were mediated by aarp-dependent and -independent mechanisms. the aarg1 allele also resulted i ... | 1998 | 9680222 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| a quantitative study of genital skin flora and urinary colonization in spinal cord injured patients. | this study was performed to define the relation between colonization of genital skin flora and bacteriuria in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. twenty-seven female and 23 male spinal cord injured patients were included in the study. patients were evaluated regarding their type of bladder management, educational status, level and degree of the spinal cord lesion. quantitative cultures were obtained from the perineum labium/dorsum of penis, external meatus of urethr ... | 1998 | 9773445 |
| low-level colonization and infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a skilled nursing facility. | we report a 1-year surveillance study that evaluates colonization and infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (cr gnb) and the relation to quinolone use and other possible risk factors in a proprietary skilled nursing facility (snf) with no history of outbreaks. | 1998 | 9836837 |
| natural antibiotic susceptibility of providencia stuartii, p. rettgeri, p. alcalifaciens and p. rustigianii strains. | the natural antibiotic susceptibility of 38 providencia rettgeri, 35 p. stuartii, 23 p. alcalifaciens and 20 p. rustigianii strains was examined. mic values were determined by a microdilution procedure and evaluated by a table calculation programme. p. stuartii was the least susceptible providencia sp. and was naturally resistant to tetracyclines, some penicillins, older cephalosporins, sulphamethoxazole and fosfomycin and to antibiotics to which other species of enterobacteriaceae are also resi ... | 1998 | 9839568 |
| the chromosomal 2'-n-acetyltransferase of providencia stuartii: physiological functions and genetic regulation. | intrinsic chromosomal acetyltransferases involved in aminoglycoside resistance have been identified in a number of bacteria. in providencia stuartii, a chromosomal acetyltransferase (aac(2')-ia) has been characterized in detail. in addition to the ability to acetylate aminoglycosides, the aac(2')-ia enzyme has at least one physiological function, which is the acetylation of peptidoglycan. this modification is likely to influence the autolytic system in p. stuartii. the regulation of aac(2')-ia e ... | 1999 | 9924143 |
| activation of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene [aac(2')-ia] in providencia stuartii by an interaction of aarp with the promoter region. | the aac(2')-ia gene in providencia stuartii encodes a 2'-n-acetyltransferase capable of acetylating both peptidoglycan and certain aminoglycoside antibiotics. regulation of the aac(2')-ia gene is influenced in a positive manner by the product of the aarp gene, which encodes a small transcriptional activator of the arac (xyls) family. in this study, we demonstrate the sequence requirements at the aac(2')-ia promoter for aarp binding and activation. | 1999 | 10390241 |
| molecular characterization of the genera proteus, morganella, and providencia by ribotyping. | the so-called proteus-providencia group is constituted at present by three genera and 10 species. several of the recognized species are common opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. different methods based on the study of phenotypic characters have been used in the past with variable levels of efficiency for typing some species for epidemiological purposes. we have determined the rrna gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) for the type strains of the 10 different species of the genera pr ... | 1999 | 10449462 |
| providencia stuartii genes activated by cell-to-cell signaling and identification of a gene required for production or activity of an extracellular factor. | by utilizing reporter transposons, five providencia stuartii genes that are activated by the accumulation of self-produced extracellular signals have been identified. these genes have been designated cma for conditioned medium activated. the presence of conditioned medium from stationary-phase cultures grown in rich media resulted in the premature activation of each gene in cells at early log phase, with activation values ranging from 6- to 26-fold. preparation of conditioned medium from an m9 s ... | 1999 | 10572119 |
| assessment of the potential for microbial resistance to topical use of multiple antimicrobial agents. | the goal of this study was to reduce the likelihood of the generation and/or persistence of bacterial resistance to some antimicrobial components contained in a topical antimicrobial mixture (neomycin, polymyxin b, mupirocin and ciprofloxacin) for use with cultured skin grafts, by substitution of alternative antimicrobials, specifically fusidic acid for mupirocin and ofloxacin for ciprofloxacin. the alternative agents failed to serve that purpose. however, with the exception of specific genera o ... | 1999 | 10781215 |
| hhv-8 is not a cofactor in the pathogenesis of environmentally induced malignant pleural mesothelioma. | after the recognition of human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) in kaposi's sarcoma lesions, this new virus has been shown to be associated with various types of malignancy. one of them, body cavity-based lymphoma, is a high grade b-cell lymphoma arising from the body cavities. similarly, mesothelioma is a tumour that originates from the serosal linings of the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities. one of the striking characteristics of mesothelioma cells is the secretion of interleukin-6 (il-6). a ... | 2000 | 10949869 |
| identification of escherichia coli ubib, a gene required for the first monooxygenase step in ubiquinone biosynthesis. | it was recently discovered that the aarf gene in providencia stuartii is required for coenzyme q (coq) biosynthesis. here we report that yigr, the escherichia coli homologue of aarf, is ubib, a gene required for the first monooxygenase step in coq biosynthesis. both the p. stuartii aarf and e. coli ubib (yigr) disruption mutant strains lack coq and accumulate octaprenylphenol. octaprenylphenol is the coq biosynthetic intermediate found to accumulate in the e. coli strain an59, which contains the ... | 2000 | 10960098 |
| isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae). | from the guts of new and old colonies (female and male) of mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae), we identified a total of 18 different bacterial species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae, vibrionaceae, micrococcaceae, deinococcacea, bacillaceae, and the genus listeria. enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with citrobacter, streptococcus, aerococcus, and listeria found less freque ... | 2001 | 11178731 |
| new tem variant (tem-92) produced by proteus mirabilis and providencia stuartii isolates. | the sequences of the bla(tem) genes encoding tem-92 in proteus mirabilis and providencia stuartii isolates were determined and were found to be identical. except for positions 218 (lys-6) and 512 (lys-104), the nucleotide sequence of bla(tem-92) was identical to that of bla(tem-20), including the sequence of the promoter region harboring a 135-bp deletion combined with a g-162-->t substitution. the deduced amino acid sequence of tem-92 differed from that of tem-52 by the presence of a substituti ... | 2001 | 11257046 |
| role of sspa in the density-dependent expression of the transcriptional activator aarp in providencia stuartii. | the aarp protein in providencia stuartii encodes a small transcriptional activator which activates the chromosomal aminoglycoside acetyltransferase aac(2')-ia gene. in addition, aarp activates genes involved in a multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) phenotype. expression of an aarp-lacz fusion increased in a density-dependent manner and reached peak levels at stationary phase. the expression of an aarp-lacz fusion could be prematurely activated in cells at early to mid-exponential phase by the a ... | 2001 | 11257543 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ... | 2001 | 11448564 |
| overexpression and characterization of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase of providencia stuartii. | the gene coding for aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase ia [aac(2')-ia] from providencia stuartii was amplified by pcr and cloned. the resulting construct, packf2, was transferred into escherichia coli for overexpression of aac(2')-ia as a fusion protein with an n-terminal hexa-his tag. the fusion protein was isolated and purified by affinity chromatography on ni(2+)-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose and gel permeation chromatography on superdex 75. comparison of the specific activity of this enzy ... | 2001 | 11451680 |
| further studies on rpos in enterobacteria: identification of rpos in enterobacter cloacae and kluyvera cryocrescens. | rpos, the alternative sigma factor sigma(s), is important for bacterial survival under extreme conditions. many enterobacteria are opportunistic human pathogens and their ability to survive in a changing environment could be an essential step for their virulence. to determine the presence of this gene in enteric bacteria, an escherichia coli rpos probe was constructed and used to detect the presence of this gene in different species. a gene homologous to rpos was found in citrobacter amalonaticu ... | 2001 | 11491080 |
| intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ... | 2001 | 11544246 |
| prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae: an italian survey. | the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production by consecutive non-repeated isolates of enterobacteriaceae was determined over a 6-month period. a total of 8015 strains were isolated from ten italian laboratories and 509 (6.3%) of these were designated esbl producers from the results of a double-disk synergy test. escherichia coli was the most isolated microrganism, followed by klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. providencia stuartii (28.1%) was the most frequently ... | 2002 | 11932144 |
| susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria to biocides: a perspective from the study of catheter biofilms. | bacteria resistant to both the agents deployed to prevent infections and those used to treat infections would be formidable nosocomial pathogens. the aim of this paper is to review the evidence that gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics and biocides have emerged and been responsible for catheter-associated urinary tract infection. a study of patients undergoing intermittent bladder catheterization revealed that the frequent application of the antiseptic chlorhexidine to the perineal sk ... | 2002 | 12000625 |
| resistant pathogens in urinary tract infections. | antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (uti) has evolved over several decades as antimicrobial exposure has repeatedly been followed by emergence of resistance. older populations in the community, long-term care facilities, or acute care facilities have an increased prevalence of resistant bacteria isolated from uti. resistant isolates are more frequent in long-term care populations than the community. resistant isolates include common uropathogens, such as esch ... | 2002 | 12121518 |
| urea-dependent signal transduction by the virulence regulator urer. | identification of the environmental triggers involved in the expression of virulence genes is a fundamental objective in studies of bacterial pathogens. for uropathogens, urea, found in the urinary tract at concentrations of up to 500 mm, functions as an environmental signal. urea freely diffuses into the bacterium providencia stuartii and activates urer, a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators. active urer promotes transcription of virulence-associated urease genes and alerts ... | 2002 | 12147687 |
| a conserved mechanism for extracellular signaling in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. | epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is a key mediator of cell communication during animal development and homeostasis. in drosophila, the signaling event is commonly regulated by the polytopic membrane protein rhomboid (rho), which mediates the proteolytic activation of egfr ligands, allowing the secretion of the active signal. until very recently, the biochemical function of rho had remained elusive. it is now believed that drosophila rho is the founder member of a previously undescribed fa ... | 2002 | 12221285 |
| conservation of intramembrane proteolytic activity and substrate specificity in prokaryotic and eukaryotic rhomboids. | rhomboid is an intramembrane serine protease responsible for the proteolytic activation of drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) ligands. although nothing is known about the function of the approximately 100 currently known rhomboid genes conserved throughout evolution, a recent analysis suggests that a rhomboid from the pathogenic bacterium providencia stuartii is involved in the production of a quorum-sensing factor. this suggests that an intercellular signaling mechanism may have ... | 2002 | 12225666 |
| clustering of bloodstream infections during maggot debridement therapy using contaminated larvae of protophormia terraenovae. | the treatment of human wounds with fly larvae is an ancient procedure recently reintroduced into medical practice under the term of biosurgery. the crucial technical problem of biosurgery is asepsis of the larvae. | 2002 | 12382092 |
| susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria to biocides: a perspective from the study of catheter biofilms. | bacteria resistant to both the agents deployed to prevent infections and those used to treat infections would be formidable nosocomial pathogens. the aim of this paper is to review the evidence that gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics and biocides have emerged and been responsible for catheter-associated urinary tract infection. a study of patients undergoing intermittent bladder catheterization revealed that the frequent application of the antiseptic chlorhexidine to the perineal sk ... | 2002 | 12481841 |
| the rhomboids: a nearly ubiquitous family of intramembrane serine proteases that probably evolved by multiple ancient horizontal gene transfers. | the rhomboid family of polytopic membrane proteins shows a level of evolutionary conservation unique among membrane proteins. they are present in nearly all the sequenced genomes of archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes, with the exception of several species with small genomes. on the basis of experimental studies with the developmental regulator rhomboid from drosophila and the aara protein from the bacterium providencia stuartii, the rhomboids are thought to be intramembrane serine proteases whose ... | 2003 | 12620104 |
| an integron cassette encoding erythromycin esterase, ere(a), from providencia stuartii. | we have mapped the variable region of the two class 1 integrons found in the multiresistant strain providencia stuartii 1723. integron 1 contains a new arrangement of gene cassettes, aaca4-aadb-aada1, conferring resistance to all aminoglycosides used for clinical treatment. integron 2 contains a variant of the gene cassette ere(a), coding for an erythromycin esterase, whose nucleotide sequence shares 93.7% dna identity with ere(a) from escherichia coli bm2195 plasmid pip1100. | 2003 | 12654734 |
| characterization of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from italy by the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method. | production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae: identification of esbls based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. the phoenix esbl test (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of esbl-producing gram-negative bacteria. an algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus ... | 2003 | 12682131 |
| escherichia coli 83972 inhibits catheter adherence by a broad spectrum of uropathogens. | the presence of a nonpathogenic organism on the surface of a urinary catheter might impede catheter colonization by pathogens and thus prevent urinary tract infection. previously, we reported that preinoculating urinary catheters with a nonpathogenic strain of escherichia coli (83972) significantly impeded catheter colonization in vitro by gram-positive bacteria (enterococcus faecalis). to explore this phenomenon further, we investigated in vitro whether e. coli 83972 could likewise inhibit cath ... | 2003 | 12736047 |
| [purple urine bag syndrome]. | the report of purple discoloration in a urinary drainage system, known as purple urine bag syndrome (p.u.b.s.) is rarely described in the literature. | 2003 | 12876527 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in buenos aires, argentina, public hospitals. | resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is often associated with plasmid encoded extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl). in order to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of esbls in enterobacteria in our city, a 1-month-period survey was carried out from april to may 2000. extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant strains, isolated from inpatient clinical specimens other than stools, were collected among 17 participating hospitals. from a total of 427 enterobacterial strains that were ... | 2003 | 12936986 |
| gasp phenotype: presence in enterobacteria and independence of sigmas in its acquisition. | the appearance of growth advantage in stationary phase or gasp was originally detected in escherichia coli. the presence of this phenotype in other enterobacteria such as enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, providencia stuartii and shigella dysenteriae is described in this work. e. cloacae gasp strains presented lower levels of rpos than the parental strain, although no mutation in the gene or its promoter was detected. this work offers evidence of gasp rpos-independent pathways as gas ... | 2003 | 12951242 |
| indole can act as an extracellular signal to regulate biofilm formation of escherichia coli and other indole-producing bacteria. | we demonstrated previously that genetic inactivation of tryptophanase is responsible for a dramatic decrease in biofilm formation in the laboratory strain escherichia coli s17-1. in the present study, we tested whether the biochemical inhibition of tryptophanase, with the competitive inhibitor oxindolyl-l-alanine, could affect polystyrene colonization by e. coli and other indole-producing bacteria. oxindolyl-l-alanine inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, indole production and biofilm formation ... | 2003 | 14569285 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in community and private health care centers. | in 1999, 39 of 2,599 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae (1.5%) collected by eight private laboratories in the aquitaine region in france produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). among these were 19 enterobacter aerogenes isolates; 8 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates; 6 escherichia coli isolates; 3 proteus mirabilis isolates; and 1 isolate each of serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii. esbl producers were isolated from 38 patients, including 33 residen ... | 2003 | 14576109 |
| esbl-producing multidrug-resistant providencia stuartii infections in a university hospital. | to investigate the epidemiological and clinical findings of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing providencia stuartii infections in a large italian university hospital. | 2004 | 14688041 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o4 containing 4-(n-acetyl-l-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. | the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o4 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide, and the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit was established: [structure: see text] where d-qui4n(l-aspac) is 4-(n-acetyl-l-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, which has not been hitherto found in bacterial polysaccharides. structural studies were performed using sugar and methylation analyses, smith degradation and nmr spectroscopy, including conventional 2d ... | 2004 | 14698876 |
| structure and cross-reactivity of the o-antigen of providencia stuartii o18 containing 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. | the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) of providencia stuartii o18 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical methods and nmr spectroscopy, including 2d 1h,1h cosy, tocsy, noesy and 1h,13c hsqc experiments. the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established: [structure: see text] where qui3nac is 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxyglucose. anti-p. stuartii o18 serum cross-reacted with the o-antigen of proteus genomospeci ... | 2004 | 14698900 |
| isolation and characterization of integron-containing bacteria without antibiotic selection. | the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and commensal bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide. the use and overuse of antibiotics in a number of settings are contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. the class 1 and 2 integrase genes (inti1 and inti2, respectively) were identified in mixed bacterial cultures enriched from bovine feces by growth in buffered peptone water (bpw) followed by integrase-specific pcr. integrase-positive bacterial co ... | 2004 | 14982773 |
| [nosocomial infections in a general surgical ward]. | according to the national nosocomial infection surveillance system we analysed the post-surgical nosocomial infections in a surgery ward of perugia university. between may 2000 and april 2001, 677 patients were enrolled mean age 51.5 years: 355 (52%) male, 462 (68%) asa score 1, "clean" surgery in 355 cases (52%), cephazolin prophylaxis in 256 (38%); 11 (2%) patients deceased perioperatively. a total of 37 nosocomial infections, in 33 patients, were detected: 18 pneumonia (48.6%), 10 surgical si ... | 2004 | 15032335 |
| cell-to-cell signalling in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. | cell-to-cell signalling in prokaryotes that leads to co-ordinated behaviour has been termed quorum sensing. this type of signalling can have profound impacts on microbial community structure and host-microbe interactions. the gram-negative quorum-sensing systems were first discovered and extensively characterized in the marine vibrios. some components of the vibrio systems are present in the classical genetic model organisms escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. both organisms encode a signa ... | 2004 | 15130116 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide and serological cross-reactivity of the providencia stuartii o33 lipopolysaccharide containing 4-(n-acetyl-d-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. | the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o33 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established: -->6)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->4)-alpha-d-galpa-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-quip4n(ac-d-asp)-(1-->, where d-qui4n(ac-d-asp) is 4-(n-acetyl-d-aspart-4-yl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. structural studies were performed using sugar and methylation analyses and nmr spectroscopy, including conventional ... | 2004 | 15145457 |
| gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone. | gemifloxacin is a dual targeted fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens--pathogens considered to be important causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. gemifloxacin demonstrates impressive minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic 90 ) values against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella spp., with mic 90 values reported to ... | 2004 | 15155113 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide of providencia stuartii o49. | the o-specific polysaccharide chain (o-antigen) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of providencia stuartii o49 was studied using sugar and methylation analyses along with 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional cosy, tocsy, roesy, h-detected 1h, 13c hsqc and hmbc experiments. the polysaccharide was found to have the trisaccharide repeating unit with the following structure: -->6)-beta-d-galp(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac(1-->4)-alpha-d-galp(1--> | 2004 | 15178401 |
| biochemical characterization of laboratory mutants of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-60. | three mutants of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-60, the p51l, k104e, and s164r mutants, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. the kinetic parameters of the mutated enzymes and interactions of inhibitors were significantly different from those of tem-60, revealing that the l51p mutation plays an important role in enzyme activity and stability in the tem-60 background. | 2004 | 15328132 |
| the structure of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o47. | the o-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o47:h4, strain 3646/51. studies by sugar and methylation analyses along with smith degradation and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional 1h,1h cosy, tocsy, roesy and h-detected 1h,13c hsqc and hmbc experiments, showed that the polysaccharide has a branched hexasaccharide repeating unit with the following structure: [carbohydrate structure: see text] | 2004 | 15476725 |
| role of cyse in production of an extracellular signaling molecule in providencia stuartii and escherichia coli: loss of cyse enhances biofilm formation in escherichia coli. | a mini-tn5cm insertion has been identified that significantly reduced the amount of an extracellular activating signal for a lacz fusion (cma37::lacz) in providencia stuartii. the transposon insertion was located immediately upstream of an open reading frame encoding a putative cyse ortholog. the cyse enzyme, serine acetyltransferase, catalyzes the conversion of serine to o-acetyl-l-serine (oas). this activating signal was also produced by escherichia coli, and production was abolished in a stra ... | 2004 | 15516574 |
| effect of ceftazidime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation by some enterobacterial clinical isolates. | the effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on the biofilm formationto polystyrene by escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, providencia stuartii, and morganella morganii was investigated by examining eight clinical strains. all the isolates tested were efficient biofilm-forming strains in the microtiter plate assay, with crystal violet staining (od595 nm) ranging from 0.13 +/- 0.01 for p. stuartii er21870 to 1.23 +/- 0.02 for p. vulgaris er50120. the biofilm formati ... | 2004 | 15528892 |
| the structure of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o57 containing an amide of d-galacturonic acid with l-alanine. | the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o57:h29. studies by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, roesy, h-detected (1)h,(13)c hsqc, and hmbc experiments, showed that the polysaccharide contains an amide of d-galacturonic acid with l-alanine and has the following pentasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text] | 2005 | 15721353 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o43 containing an amide of d-galacturonic acid with l-serine. | the o-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o43:h28 and studied by sugar and methylation analyses, smith degradation and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d roesy, and h-detected 1h, 13c hsqc and hmbc experiments, as well as a noesy experiment in a 9:1 h2o/d2o mixture to reveal correlations for nh protons. it was found that the polysaccharide is built up of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units containing an amide of d-galac ... | 2005 | 15854614 |
| the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of providencia stuartii o44 contains l-quinovose, a 6-deoxy sugar rarely occurring in bacterial polysaccharides. | the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) of providencia stuartii o44:h4 (strain 3768/51) was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, roesy, and h-detected (1)h,(13)c hsqc, and hmqc-tocsy experiments. the o-polysaccharide was found to have a branched hexasaccharide repeating unit of the following structure: [formula: see text]. | 2005 | 15854616 |
| genetic environment and expression of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase blaper-1 gene in gram-negative bacteria. | the genetic location of the gene coding for the expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase per-1 was analyzed in a series of gram-negative isolates. it was identified as part of a composite transposon bracketed by two novel insertion elements, ispa12 and ispa13, belonging to the is4 family that possess transposases that share 63% amino acid identity and that are chromosomally located in pseudomonas aeruginosa, providencia stuartii, and acinetobacter baumannii. on the contrary, the bla(per-1) gene was iden ... | 2005 | 15855485 |
| novel genetic structure associated with an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase blaveb gene in a providencia stuartii clinical isolate from algeria. | a ceftazidime-resistant providencia stuartii isolate from algeria harbored a ca. 160-kb conjugative plasmid that contained a truncated bla(veb-1b) gene flanked by three 135-bp repeated elements. this work gives further evidence of the worldwide spread of bla(veb) genes that are associated with genetic structures other than class 1 integrons. | 2005 | 16048993 |
| characterization of the type iii restriction endonuclease pstii from providencia stuartii. | a new type iii restriction endonuclease designated pstii has been purified from providencia stuartii. pstii recognizes the hexanucleotide sequence 5'-ctgatg(n)(25-26/27-28)-3'. endonuclease activity requires a substrate with two copies of the recognition site in head-to-head repeat and is dependent on a low level of atp hydrolysis ( approximately 40 atp/site/min). cleavage occurs at just one of the two sites and results in a staggered cut 25-26 nt downstream of the top strand sequence to generat ... | 2005 | 16120967 |
| importance of providencia species as a major cause of travellers' diarrhoea. | in this study the importance of providencia species as a cause of travellers' diarrhoea was examined using a selective medium developed by the authors. providencia species could easily be distinguished from other enteric pathogens by the colour of the colonies obtained. nine strains of providencia alcalifaciens, nine of providencia rettgeri and five of providencia stuartii were isolated from 130 specimens, representing a surprisingly high incidence of infection compared with other pathogens isol ... | 2005 | 16192440 |