| versatile escherichia coli-bacillus shuttle vectors derived from runaway replication plasmids related to clodf13. | versatile cloning vectors were constructed employing a runaway replication mutant of the bacteriocinogenic plasmid clodf13. these vectors can, under conditions where protein synthesis is not inhibited, be amplified in escherichia coli to high levels by elevating the temperature and are therefore useful for the production of large quantities of dna and protein. since the constructed shuttle vectors, which harbour at least six unique restriction endonucleases sites, replicate in e. coli, enterobac ... | 1985 | 2993788 |
| temperature sensitivity of a nifa-like gene in enterobacter cloacae. | nitrogen fixation (nif) genes of enterobacter cloacae, a rhizosphere diazotroph of rice plants, were identified by using cloned klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene fragments as probes for molecular hybridization. the product of a nifa-like gene of e. cloacae appeared less temperature sensitive than the k. pneumoniae nifa gene product. this result correlates with the fact that e. cloacae can fix nitrogen at 39 degrees c, while k. pneumoniae cannot. | 1986 | 3007439 |
| susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to the synergistic bactericidal action of serum and polymyxin b nonapeptide. | polymyxin b nonapeptide was able to sensitize escherichia coli strains and strains of salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella spp., enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and haemophilus influenzae to the bactericidal action of fresh normal human serum. the degree of sensitization varied significantly within the strains. strains of proteus mirabilis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and n. meningitidis remained resistant. | 1986 | 3008971 |
| molecular evolution, species distribution, and clinical consequences of an endemic aminoglycoside resistance plasmid. | during the first 6 years after appearing in one hospital, a 92-kilobase conjugative plasmid, pbwh1, which encoded resistance to chloramphenicol and sulfonamides and determined tem-1 beta-lactamase and 2''-aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase, underwent a variety of molecular changes. it was most prevalent initially in isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, then in isolates of serratia marcescens, and finally, after nearly disappearing, in isolates of enterobacter cloacae. evolutionary changes in th ... | 1986 | 3010849 |
| transfer of amikacin resistance by closely related plasmids in members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated in chile. | during a 9-month period when amikacin was the sole aminoglycoside used clinically in a hospital in santiago, chile, resistance to amikacin and other antibiotics was encountered in 42 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae, including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and serratia liquefaciens. amikacin resistance was transferable by conjugation and carried by incm plasmids ranging in size from ca. 48.4 to 58.1 kilobase pair ... | 1986 | 3015007 |
| comparative evaluation of a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, ytr 830, combined with different beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria harboring known beta-lactamases. | ytr 830, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, combined with amoxicillin or carbenicillin, showed a synergistic effect similar to that observed with clavulanic acid, and generally better than that with sulbactam, against strains harboring chromosome-encoded penicillinases and broad-spectrum beta-lactamases or plasmid-determined beta-lactamases. with ampicillin, ytr 830 showed the best synergistic activity of the inhibitors against proteus morganii, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae and th ... | 1986 | 3015011 |
| dissemination of a gentamicin resistance plasmid in the microbial population of hospital patients. | the dissemination of a gentamicin resistant plasmid, originally found in strains of klebsiella and termed pk181, into the microbial population of patients of the orvieto hospital was studied during 1982. five hundred and seventy-four strains of gram-negative bacilli were examined, transferable gentamicin resistance being revealed in five different bacterial species. the resistance was shown to be encoded by 81-megadalton plasmids in escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae, and by 93-megadalton ... | 1986 | 3018453 |
| common mechanism of ampc beta-lactamase induction in enterobacteria: regulation of the cloned enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase gene. | expression of the chromosomal beta-lactamase from the ampc gene in inducible in both enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. cloning of ampc as well as its regulatory gene, ampr, from e. cloacae p99 revealed a gene organization indentical to that of c. freundii in the corresponding region. although almost no similarities could be found between the restriction maps of ampc and ampr in the two species, the genes cross-hybridize. also, both ampr gene products have a size of about 31,000. the ... | 1987 | 3027046 |
| inducible cephalosporinase production in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae is controlled by a regulatory gene that has been deleted from escherichia coli. | cephalosporin hyper-resistant enterobacter cloacae strains are isolated with increasing frequency from hospital infections. resistance is principally due to the chromosomal ampc gene encoding a cephalosporinase. in contrast to escherichia coli which expresses ampc constitutively from a promoter located in the upstream frdd gene, e. cloacae displays inducible ampc expression. by cloning the ampc gene it was shown that a linked genetic locus, ampr, mediated the induction by beta-lactams. in the ab ... | 1986 | 3030737 |
| molecular genetic analysis of cephalosporinase production and its role in beta-lactam resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | two strains of enterobacter cloacae were isolated from a patient before (strain mhn1) and during (strain mhn2) treatment with moxalactam and gentamicin. strain mhn1 exhibited inducible ampc cephalosporinase production. in contrast, strain mhn2 expressed the enzyme constitutively at a 3,000-fold higher level. with the escherichia coli ampc gene as a hybridization probe it was shown that the genomic arrangement of the ampc region was the same in both strains. to gain more insight into regulatory p ... | 1987 | 3032094 |
| a comparative study on the phoe genes of three enterobacterial species. implications for structure-function relationships in a pore-forming protein of the outer membrane. | the cloned phoe genes from enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae are normally expressed and regulated in escherichia coli k-12, and their products are correctly assembled into the outer membrane. differences between the three phoe proteins were found with binding of two out of ten monoclonal antibodies directed against the cell-surface-exposed part and in pore characteristics, but not in phage receptor function. the dna sequences of the e. cloacae and k. pneumoniae phoe genes were deter ... | 1987 | 3032618 |
| inactivation of the ampd gene causes semiconstitutive overproduction of the inducible citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase. | in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae, synthesis of ampc beta-lactamase is inducible by the addition of beta-lactams to the growth medium. spontaneous mutants that constitutively overproduce the enzyme occur at a high frequency. when the c. freundii ampc beta-lactamase gene is cloned into escherichia coli together with the regulatory gene ampr, beta-lactamase expression from the clone is inducible. spontaneous cefotaxime-resistant mutants were selected from an e. coli strain carrying ... | 1987 | 3032901 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of diethyldithiocarbamate and dimethyldithiocarbamate against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. | staphylococcus aureus has appeared which is highly resistant to both methicillin and aminoglycosides. current therapy involves long-term intravenous therapy of vancomycin. since vancomycin is currently the only drug used to treat these patients, there is a need to develop additional antimicrobial therapy. the in vitro antimicrobial effect of the metal chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate (ddtc) and its structural analog dimethyldithiocarbamate (dmtc) were investigated. both ddtc and dmtc were effect ... | 1987 | 3037985 |
| [sulbactam and clavulanic acid: studies of enzyme kinetics and synergism with ampicillin and mezlocillin]. | both inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam exhibit high affinity (ki-values less than 10(-6) mol/l) to the beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria with predominant penicillinase activity and lowered affinity to enzymes with cephalosporinase activity (above all clavulanic acid). as compared to sulbactam there was a stronger synergism of clavulanic acid with ampicillin or mezlocillin in those isolates producing either a plasmid-mediated or a chromosomally-mediated penicillinase. in beta-lacta ... | 1987 | 3038733 |
| [action of imipenem on enterobacter cloacae]. | most of enterobacter cloacae strains produce chromosomally determined class i beta-lactamases when they are exposed to beta-lactams. imipenem is a strong inducer of these enzymes but is poorly affected by them. we compared the effect of imipenem on inducible, non-inducible and stably derepressed strains of e. cloacae using the killing curve system. with antibiotic concentrations of 0.5 mg/l or more, an intense dose-dependent bactericidal effect was observed within 4 to 6 hours. however the bacte ... | 1988 | 3043343 |
| [use of imipenem-cilastatin in neonatal septicemias caused by gram-negative bacilli multiresistant to beta-lactam antibiotics]. | seven neonates with septicemia due to gram negative bacteria resistant to beta-lactam received imipenem-cilastatin therapy. bacteria isolated were enterobacter cloacae [3], enterobacter aerogenes [1], klebsiella pneumoniae [1], serratia marcescens [1], pseudomonas fluorescens [1]. the mics of imipenem were lower 1 microgram/ml. in 3 children septicemia occurred during previous antimicrobial chemotherapy. 3 iv 60 mg/kg doses of imipenem with amikacin (15 mg kg/d) were administered every day. for ... | 1988 | 3043351 |
| [experimental enterobacter cloacae endocarditis treated with gentamicin. predictive value of the in vitro bactericidal rate]. | the predictive value of in vitro time-kill curve was tested on an enterobacter cloacae endocarditis experimental model. the antibiotic studied was gentamicin. despite a similar mic, 2 enterobacter cloacae strains exhibited very different time-kill curves in vitro. this difference was found being predictive of efficacy on the in vivo model, 24 hours after a single injection of gentamicin. | 1988 | 3043353 |
| selection of resistance to gentamicin and netilmicin in the faecal flora following prophylaxis for colo-rectal surgery. | the selection of aminoglycoside-resistant bowel flora, following the administration of either gentamicin or netilmicin in combination with metronidazole for prophylaxis, during colo-rectal surgery in 88 patients has been examined. both antibiotic regimens resulted in the selection of an aminoglycoside-resistant flora in a total of 57 (65%) of patients: in half of the patients there was a net gain in the aminoglycoside-resistant flora, and in 13 (15%) one aminoglycoside-resistant strain present p ... | 1988 | 3053556 |
| some properties of serratia marcescens, salmonella paratyphi a, and enterobacter cloacae with non-enzyme-dependent multiple resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. | non-enzyme-dependent multiple-drug resistance occurs preferentially in some genera of enterobacteriaceae, such as serratia, klebsiella, enterobacter, and salmonella. susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol may be affected in various combinations in different mutants. proteins from the outer and inner membranes and lipopolysaccharides may be altered concomitantly. although porin alterations have been observed in all resistant mutan ... | 1988 | 3055181 |
| monitoring beta-lactamase activity in vivo by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | a 13c-labeled cephalothin, 7 beta-(2-thienylacetamido)-3-[acetoxy-13c1]methyl-3-cephem-4- carboxylate (compound 1), has been prepared and used to monitor beta-lactamase activities by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. time-elapsed spectral analysis of the reaction of the labeled cephalothin with the tem-2 beta-lactamase purified from escherichia coli revealed the progressive loss of the cephalothin acetyl resonance at 176.8 ppm and accumulation of an acetate signal at 184.3 ppm. spectr ... | 1988 | 3056254 |
| [microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection and their beta-lactamase production and evaluation of clinical efficacy of sulperazone]. | clinical survey of microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection (uti) was carried out at the four major hospitals in mie prefecture from may to july, 1987, and production of beta-lactamase of the microorganisms was determined by the acidimetric method, "beta-checker". among the total of 460 strains isolated from urine samples, 135 of gram positive cocci and 325 of gram negative rods were contained. sixty percent of the gram negative rods and 14% of gram positive cocci produced beta-lacta ... | 1988 | 3057834 |
| evidence for an oxyanion hole in serine beta-lactamases and dd-peptidases. | a thionocephalosporin is shown to be a much poorer substrate of representative serine beta-lactamases of class a (rtem-2) and class c (enterobacter cloacae p99) and a much poorer inhibitor of the streptomyces r61 dd-peptidase than is the analogous oxo beta-lactam. these results provide kinetic evidence for the existence of a catalytic oxyanion hole in these enzymes. | 1988 | 3066349 |
| inducing capacity and selection of resistant variants of cefpirome (hr 810) in comparison with other beta-lactam compounds. | the inducing capacity of cefpirome (hr 810) and the ability of the compound to select for stable derepressed mutants was determined and compared with those of cefodizime (hr 221), cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefamandol. variations in both characteristics between and within species was observed. overall, cefodizime showed the lowest, cefamandol the highest inducing capacity. antibiotic resistant variants were isolated from all strains tested at a frequency of around 10(-9). a stable increased enz ... | 1988 | 3072153 |
| protective effect of amdinocillin against emergence of resistance to ceftazidime in enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae infections have been shown clinically to respond less reliably to monotherapy with broad-spectrum cephalosporins than was initially expected. selection of populations producing high levels of beta-lactamase has been shown to be the most frequent reason for treatment failure, and the use of these agents with another active antibiotic is recommended. in this study, e. cloacae strains from clinical specimens susceptible to ceftazidime and amdinocillin by broth dilution and disk ... | 1988 | 3075433 |
| [biochemical typing of enterobacter isolated from several clinical materials]. | a total of 74 enterobacter species have been isolated from the patients applying to the department of microbiology, university of ankara, studying several biochemical test systems their strains have been found. 37 of these enterobacter species have been found to be enterobacter cloacae, 10 enterobacter agglomerans, 13 enterobacter aerogenes, 3 enterobacter hafniae (hafnia alvei), 1 enterobacter sakazakii. 2 of the strains couldn't be classified. in conclusion most of the strains were found to be ... | 1988 | 3078792 |
| in vitro studies of the synergism of piperacillin and netilmicin against blood culture isolates. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro synergism between piperacillin and netilmicin against microorganisms isolated from danish patients with septicemia and to examine the influence of inactivation of piperacillin among these bacteria on the synergy results. a total of 132 stains was examined: escherichia coli 20, indole-positive proteus 17, klebsiella pneumoniae 18, enterobacter cloacae 20, pseudomonas aeruginosa 20, staphylococcus aureus 20, and coagulase-negative staphylococc ... | 1986 | 3081304 |
| emergence of resistance after therapy with antibiotics used alone or combined in a murine model. | a murine model of peritonitis allowing detection and quantification of in-vivo acquired resistance during short term therapy has been used in order to evaluate the capacity of antimicrobial combinations to limit emergence of resistance, as compared to individual components of the regimens. mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 10(8) cfu of bacteria. two hours later, a single antibiotic dose was injected subcutaneously: amikacin (15 mg/kg), ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg), pefloxacin (25 mg/kg), ami ... | 1986 | 3086276 |
| in-vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to other antibiotics. | pefloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. a comparison was made of the in-vitro activity of pefloxacin and that of nine other antibiotics (ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin and norfloxacin). the mic90 of pefloxacin against 500 strains of enterobacteriaceae ranged from 0.25 mg/l (escherichia coli, indole + proteus spp., enterobacter cloacae, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.) to 1 mg ... | 1986 | 3086279 |
| combination therapy: a way to limit emergence of resistance? | the ability of antibiotic combinations to limit the emergence of resistance during therapy was evaluated in a murine model. peritonitis was produced by injecting a mixture containing 10(8) colony-forming units of bacteria and sterilized talcum into the peritoneum. two hours later, a single antibiotic dose was administered subcutaneously. the next day, peritoneal bacterial populations were analyzed on szybalski's gradients. acquired resistance was recorded when there was at least a fourfold incre ... | 1986 | 3088999 |
| the humoral antibacterial response of drosophila adults. | hemolymph from a normal adult drosophila melanogaster lacks factors that block the growth of escherichia coli, but hemolymph from a fly previously inoculated with enterobacter cloacae inhibits bacterial growth. antibacterial activity appears within two hours after inoculation, and is still detectable sixty days later. activity is potent, and can be detected in as little as a quarter of the hemolymph from a single inoculated male fly. after inoculation, at least eight new polypeptides not of bact ... | 1986 | 3091413 |
| the effects on beta-lactam susceptibility of phenotypic induction and genotypic derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis. | we have compared the ability of beta-lactam antibiotics to induce beta-lactamase synthesis and antagonize the in-vitro activity of other beta-lactams and also to select mutants with derepressed beta-lactamase synthesis amongst representative gram-negative bacilli that produce inducible beta-lactamases. both imipenem and cefoxitin were potent inducers of beta-lactamase and were able to antagonize the activity of other beta-lactams against isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and ... | 1986 | 3102451 |
| selection of beta-lactamase producers during cephalosporin and penicillin therapy. | treatment failures due to beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently reported. it is difficult, however, to determine the underlying mechanism of resistance development. different beta-lactam drugs, such as cephalosporins and penicillins have different ecological impacts on the infections and physiological flora of patients. they select in different ways although the mutation frequency of strains towa ... | 1986 | 3103207 |
| factors that influence the evolution of beta-lactam resistance in beta-lactamase-inducible strains of enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | induction ratios were determined for beta-lactamase-inducible strains of enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa by using 10 beta-lactam agents. for e. cloacae, pre-incubation with ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, or imipenem produced significantly larger amounts of beta-lactamase than did pre-incubation with moxalactam, clavulanate, ceftazidime, or aztreonam. for p. aeruginosa, imipenem was the best inducer, whereas ceftriaxone, piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefamandole, ... | 1987 | 3104483 |
| induction of the beta-lactamases of a strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa, morganella morganii and enterobacter cloacae. | | 1987 | 3106306 |
| [bacterial infection agents in hospitalized patients]. | during six months the pattern of microbial isolates has been analysed from 1492 urinary tract infections, from 1445 wound infections, from 451 bronchial secretions, from 3067 blood cultures, from 116 peritoneal swabs and from 39 cerebrospinal fluids. all the specimens investigated were taken from patients of surgical, neurosurgical, internal wards and two intensive care units. in total, the most frequent isolates were grampositive microorganisms like staphylococus aureus, straphylococcus epiderm ... | 1986 | 3107262 |
| in vitro evaluation of ro 23-6240, a new fluorinated 4-quinolone. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of ro 23-6240 was assessed and compared with those of ciprofloxacin and beta-lactam antibiotics including several oral compounds against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (n = 130) and pseudomonas spp. (n = 31). in general, ro 23-6240 was 2 dilution steps less active than ciprofloxacin. for the pseudomonas spp. the mics for 90% inhibition were 2 and 0.5 mg/1 for ro 23-6240 and ciprofloxacin, respectively. for the other species tested, the mic90 values f ... | 1987 | 3109817 |
| in vitro activity of ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247. | the in vitro activity of ro 15-8074 (cefetamet) and ro 19-5247, new oral cephalosporins, was compared with that of amoxicillin, cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime and erythromycin against 292 clinical isolates using the agar dilution method. both ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247 were very active against proteus mirabilis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pyogenes, but less active against staphylococcus saprophyticus and enterobacter cloacae. ro 19-5247 was more active than ... | 1987 | 3109897 |
| coagglutination and enzyme capture tests for detection of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase. | polyclonal antibodies to escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase were used in coagglutination tests for identification of these three enzymes in cell lysates. enzyme capture assays were also developed for the detection of e. coli beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase. the enzymes were released by using a gentle lysis procedure that did not interfere with antibody-enzyme interactions. all three enzymes were detected in 93% (51 of 55) of the e. coli ... | 1987 | 3111364 |
| [effect of aztreonam on the fecal aerobic flora in children]. | aztreonam, a new monobactam, has a spectrum limited to gram negative aerobic bacilli. to evaluate its effect after parenteral administration on aerobic stool flora (gram negative bacilli, streptococci d, staphylococci, candida), quantitative cultures used serial dilution of stools twice a week on selective media. for gram negative bacilli, agar dishes containing aztreonam or not were used. colonies of different morphologies were counted. representatives of each morphological type were then picke ... | 1987 | 3112714 |
| kinetics and mechanism of the serine beta-lactamase catalyzed hydrolysis of depsipeptides. | steady-state kinetic parameters have been determined for the hydrolysis of a series of acyclic depsipeptides (ester analogues of acyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine peptides) catalyzed by representative class c (enterobacter cloacae p99) and class a (bacillus cereus i, tem-2, and staphylococcus aureus pc1) beta-lactamases. the best of these substrates, and the one most used in this work, was m-[[(phenylacetyl)-glycyl]oxy]benzoic acid, whose rates of cleavage could be followed spectrophotometrically. the p99 ... | 1987 | 3115289 |
| [epidemiologic studies of the microbial colonization of severely burned patients]. | bacteria isolated between 1/1/1983 and 12/31/1984 from the burns of 122 patients in a burns unit at the ruhr-universität bochum were studied. grampositive bacteria were predominant in colonizing the burn wounds (62.5% of all strains isolated). in the patients with more than 40% of total body surface area (tbsa) burn, isolation of staph aureus was most frequent. the exogenous colonization rate with staph. aureus was 86%. coagulase negative staphylococci were identified in 89.6% of all patients (7 ... | 1987 | 3116791 |
| clinical consequences of development of resistance to third generation cephalosporins. | eighteen patients are described in whom initially sensitive microorganisms were replaced by resistant isolates during administration of ceftriaxone (n = 8), cefoperazone (n = 5), moxalactam (n = 4), cefotaxime (n = 2) or ceftazidime (n = 1), despite combination with aminoglycosides. all patients had documented gram-negative infections; in 12 patients underlying haematological diseases were present. resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae (14), serratia marcescens (4), klebsiella oxytoca (3), p ... | 1987 | 3117534 |
| [bacteriologic quality of water from the rhine and its tributaries in the rhine-neckar region. i. bacterial count and enterobacteriaceae of the current status of pollution]. | during the period of may 1982 to january 1983 and march 1986 to may 1986, 164 water-specimens had been collected along the river rhine and its affluxes in the overcrowded rhine-neckar-region from 34 collecting-sites on 8 different days. the specimens were tested for the total-germ-count and the titers of different enterobacteriaceae-species. the total-germ-count examined concentrations of several hundreds up to 1.8 million germ in 1 ml river-water. extremely high concentrations were found along ... | 1987 | 3118608 |
| cryoenzymology of beta-lactamases. | the cryoenzymology of several different beta-lactamases has been investigated. particular attention has been paid to the experimental pitfalls of the technique. these include such factors as false bursts at the start of the reaction, instability of the enzymes during turnover, and km values so high that little of the enzyme is present as a complex. many of the difficulties in cryoenzymology stem from the use of organic cryosolvents. a novel "salt" cryosolvent has been tested: ammonium acetate so ... | 1987 | 3118942 |
| sterility testing of home and inpatient parenteral nutrition solutions. | the microbial contamination rate was compared for parenteral nutrition solutions prepared by patients for home use and by pharmacy personnel for inpatient use. phase i validated the ivex 0.22-micron inline filter as a tool for microbiological testing by inoculating small numbers of organisms in 5% dextrose injection and testing for recovery. phase ii validated the same method for determining microbial contamination of total parenteral nutrition (tpn) solutions. phase iii compared inpatient and h ... | 1988 | 3125353 |
| [bacteriological analysis on an outbreak of hospital infection due to enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1987 | 3127499 |
| induction of chromosomal beta-lactamases by different concentrations of clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin. | the effect of different concentrations of clavulanic acid (ca) in combination with ticarcillin on beta-lactamase production and ticarcillin mic was studied in four clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii and indole positive proteus strains. ticarcillin alone showed a low inducing effect for all species tested, ser. marcescens excepted. the increase in beta-lactamase activity after addition of ca (2-10 mg/l) was strain and speci ... | 1988 | 3128523 |
| comparison of 1% silver sulfadiazine with and without 1% chlorhexidine digluconate for topical antibacterial effect in the burnt infected rat. | the addition of 1% chlorhexidine digluconate to 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (cdss) was compared with 1% silver sulfadiazine (ss) alone to assess the antibacterial effect of a once-daily application of the therapies on an experimental rat model with a 20% full-thickness burn wound seeded with 10(8) microorganisms originally isolated from infected wounds of burn patients. separate series evaluated staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, and streptococcus faecalis. the ... | 1988 | 3128553 |
| enoxacin: in-vitro and animal evaluation as a parenteral and oral agent against hospital bacterial isolates. | enoxacin was evaluated in in-vitro tests and in studies of effectiveness and blood concentrations in the mouse. enoxacin was active against both susceptible and multiresistant hospital isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae and staphylococci. less susceptible were streptococci and anaerobes. of nine quinolones tested, only norfloxacin was equivalent in vitro. the mbcs of enoxacin were one- to twofold greater than the mics, and enoxac ... | 1988 | 3129392 |
| in vitro activity of temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone antimicrobial agent. | temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone, inhibited the majority of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. it was 4-8-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and 2-fold less active than ofloxacin. cefotaxime and imipenem-resistant isolates such as enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited. temafloxacin inhibited neisseria, branhamella, and haemophilus species at less than 0.25 microgram/ml. methicillin-susceptible and ... | 1988 | 3132380 |
| [pseudomonas aeruginosa and surgical intensive care units]. | the prevalence of pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit (icu) is 19 per cent although its incidence in blood culture is only 3.5 per cent and remains the same even though the total prevalence of this bacterium increases. a review of the clinical results shows that this germ causes severe complications in only 3 per cent of patients. a study by epidemiological markers reveals the presence of 16 different iats serotypes in the icu, this distribution of the serotypes being similar to this o ... | 1988 | 3132871 |
| serotyping and phage typing to identify enterobacter cloacae contaminating total parenteral nutrition. | the origin of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae septicemia in six surgery patients was traced down to the total parenteral nutrition production line. while the endproduct of the production line was sterile, enterobacter cloacae and other bacteria were detected on different tabs and tubings of the line. it is believed that the bacteria were transferred from the tabs to a few bags of the total parenteral nutrition in one batch by touch contamination. serotyping and phage-typing of the clinical i ... | 1988 | 3134237 |
| the differential expression of genes for the pse-4 beta-lactamase in pseudomonas aeruginosa and the enterobacteriaceae. | the pse-4 beta-lactamase has been identified, for the first time, in two non-pseudomonal strains. the gene in klebsiella pneumoniae 241 (dal1) was located on a plasmid (puk700) and was freely transferable to other enterobacterial strains and pseudomonas aeruginosa. on the other hand, the gene in enterobacter cloacae a113 (dal2) could only be transferred in the presence of a mobilizing plasmid. when both these genes were transferred within the enterobacteriaceae, the beta-lactamase produced was s ... | 1988 | 3134317 |
| in vitro evaluation of e1040, a new cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity. | e1040 is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antipseudomonal activity. the compound was four- to eightfold more active than ceftazidime and cefsulodin against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic of e1040 for 90% of strains tested [mic90], 3.13 micrograms/ml). e1040 also showed a potent activity against other glucose-nonfermentative rods, including acinetobacter species. the activities of e1040 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae were roughly co ... | 1988 | 3134847 |
| a regional survey of the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of (facultative) aerobic micro-organisms. | from 1980 to 1986 a regional survey was performed to investigate the susceptibility of beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in 6 hospitals located in the southern part of the netherlands. each year 300 to 400 strains were tested. the susceptibility to representatives of the older and the newer beta-lactam antibiotics was determined by a microbroth dilution assay using an inoculu ... | 1988 | 3135169 |
| in vitro activity of desacetylcefotaxime and the interaction with its parent compound, cefotaxime. | antibacterial activities of cefotaxime and its major metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime, against 178 strains (of 10 species) were assessed in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic50 and mic80), and were compared with those of cefoperazone and ceftazidime. the activity of desacetylcefotaxime was several times less than that of cefotaxime against almost all of the species tested. against staphylococcus aureus, morganella morganii, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, the mic80 v ... | 1988 | 3135170 |
| ultrasonic disintegration of bacteria may lead to irreversible inactivation of beta-lactamase. | when ultrasonic disintegration of bacteria was employed to liberate intracellular beta-lactamases there was rapid and irreversible inactivation of the type-id beta-lactamase from pseudomonas aeruginosa. various type-v beta-lactamases (pse-2, 3 and 4) from p. aeruginosa, as well as enterobacter cloacae type-ia beta-lactamase were much less affected by sonication. none of the beta-lactamases was inactivated by french press disruption. we suggest that french press disruption should be the method of ... | 1988 | 3141345 |
| mechanism of inhibition of chromosomal beta-lactamases by third-generation cephalosporins. | the kinetic interactions of the beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae 908 r with ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime have been examined in detail. with all of these cephalosporins, there is an initial rapid reaction involving opening of the beta-lactam that then decreases to a slower steady-state rate (kss) of beta-lactam hydrolysis (at 37 degrees c: ceftriaxone, kss = 0.044 s-1; cefotaxime, kss = 0.033 s-1; ceftazidime, kss = 0.011 s-1). more than stoichiometric quantities of beta-lacta ... | 1988 | 3142012 |
| [susceptibility of clinically isolated strains to aztreonam]. | in vitro antibacterial activities of aztreonam (azt) and cephems against clinically isolated 334 strains were investigated. the results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: 1. azt showed excellent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated 334 strains. 2. azt showed potent activities against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus spp., enterobacter aerogenes and citrobacter freundii. 3. antibacterial activities of azt were superior against enterobacter cloacae, se ... | 1988 | 3145344 |
| value of surveillance cultures in the management of neutropenic patients. | to assess whether bacteriological surveillance cultures can be used to predict infection in neutropenic patients, cultures were performed during the period of neutropenia of nose, throat and urine specimens collected once weekly and faeces specimens collected twice weekly. seventy-six consecutively observed patients undergoing chemotherapy for haematological or non-haematological diseases were investigated. severe infection including septicaemia, lower respiratory tract infection, anorectal lesi ... | 1988 | 3145855 |
| [enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes septicemia: emergence of resistant variants (derepressed cephalosporinase) during treatment with third-generation cephalosporins]. | from three patients hospitalised in intensive care units with enterobacter septicaemia (two cases with e. cloacae, and one with e. aerogenes), cefotaxime therapy, alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside, selected variants (r) with increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. the cross-resistance extended to all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested, penicillins and cephalosporins, including third-generation cephalosporins. the crude extracts of uninduced cultures of r variants showed hig ... | 1985 | 3157961 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. focusing mainly on ofloxacin (first report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility of clinical isolates]. | susceptibility tests were carried out on a variety of clinically isolated pathogens using the susceptibility disc method at 197 hospitals in japan between may, 1985 through march, 1986. these tests were organized by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates, and the results were statistically analyzed. this paper describes a comparison of susceptibilities of clinical isolates including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, st ... | 1988 | 3163383 |
| [susceptibility of gram-negative bacterial isolates to six beta-lactam and two aminoglycoside antibiotics at our university hospital]. | susceptibilities of gram-negative bacterial strains isolated at the university hospital in 1987 to six beta-lactam antibiotics (azthreonam cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, aminobenzyl-penicillin and piperacillin) and two aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) were examined by agar dilution and the agar diffusion method. results obtained from both methods correlated well in most of the strains. most of the strains belonging to escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pne ... | 1988 | 3175388 |
| immunological relationship among glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in the genera enterobacter and escherichia. | the comparative immunological study of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-3-pdh) among enterobacteriaceae carried out with an anti-enterobacter cloacae g-3-pdh serum pointed out the large heterogeneity of the genera enterobacter and escherichia. the use of two-dimensional maps integrating our new data and previously acquired quantitative data confirmed these results. | 1988 | 3179057 |
| time-kill studies and synergy testing of broad-spectrum antibiotics against blood culture isolates. | time-kill studies and synergy testing were performed with blood culture isolates from 80 patients with septicemia. ten isolates each of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, indole-positive proteus, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci were included. the isolates were tested against netilmicin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime, alone and in different combinations. cefotaxime was the most ... | 1988 | 3180908 |
| antibacterial properties of (2,3)-alpha- and (2,3)-beta-methylene analogs of penicillin g. | the penam nucleus can assume two conformations; these are designated open and closed. the synthetic (2,3)-alpha- and (2,3)-beta-methylenepenams can be regarded as analogs of the open and closed conformations, respectively. it has been shown that the beta-methylenepenams are essentially inactive, suggesting that the closed conformation of penams is also inactive. in this study, we investigated a series of beta-lactams, all of which contained phenylacetamido side chains: penicillin g, the (2,3)-al ... | 1988 | 3190190 |
| new aerobactin-mediated iron uptake system in a septicemia-causing strain of enterobacter cloacae. | unlike the great majority of the aerobactin-producing enteric bacteria documented in the literature, enterobacter cloacae ek33, isolated from a case of human neonatal meningitis, did not show any homology at the dna level with the prototype aerobactin system encoded by the colv-k30 plasmid. however, both the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the siderophore purified from ek33 confirmed its identity with aerobactin. bioassay screening of a gene lib ... | 1988 | 3192510 |
| [antibacterial activities of monobactams against fresh clinical isolates]. | antibacterial activities of monobactam antibiotics (carumonam (crmn) and aztreonam (azt] against gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients in the latter half of 1987 were investigated using penicillin (pc: piperacillin (pipc], cephems (ceps: ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), latamoxef (lmox), cefsulodin (cfs], carbapenem (imipenem (ipm] and pyridonecarboxylic acids (norfloxacin (nflx) and ofloxacin (oflx] as reference antibiotics. a total of 400 strains of 13 species, i.e. escherichia co ... | 1988 | 3210297 |
| [in vitro synergy between cefotaxime and its main metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime]. | in vitro synergistic interaction between cefotaxime (ctx) and its main metabolite, desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx), against 7 species of clinical isolates (23-27 strains per species) was examined. complete or partial synergy was noted with a 1:1 combination of ctx and dctx against 22-78% of the bacteroides fragilis, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas cepacia and enterobacter cloacae isolates examined. antagonistic effects of the drugs appeared against 11% of proteus vulgaris an ... | 1988 | 3216482 |
| survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. | the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ... | 1988 | 3223766 |
| clinical safety and efficacy of ofloxacin. | in this study we report about the efficacy and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of 15 patients with severe and moderately severe infections including osteomyelitis (5), soft tissue infections (5), salmonellosis in aids patients (2), acute or chronic pulmonary infections (2) and mediastinitis (1). the following organisms were isolated in culture specimens: staphylococcus aureus (4), pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), staphylococcus epidermidis (3), serratia marcescens (1), escherichia coli (1) ... | 1988 | 3224401 |
| [clinical examination of s 6472 (sustained release preparations of cefaclor on chronic respiratory tract infection]. | clinical evaluation of s 6472 (sustained release preparations of cefaclor), a granule form of cefaclor, was performed in 20 patients with chronic respiratory tract infections. the patients subjected to the study consisted of 11 males and 9 females with ages between 44 and 76 years. s 6472 was given orally to each patient in a daily dose of 750 mg in 2 divided portions. the duration of administration was 3 days in 1 case, 7 days in 11 cases, 11 days in 3 cases and 14 days in 5 cases. a total of 5 ... | 1988 | 3241330 |
| enterobacter cloacae bacteremia: clinical analysis of 41 cases. | | 1988 | 3242768 |
| activity of cefixime (fk 027) for resistant gram-negative bacilli. | cefixime is an orally absorbable cephalosporin with an extended spectrum of in vitro activity for gram-negative bacteria especially members of the enterobacteriaceae. gram-negative rod isolates collected over a three month period were tested against cefixime. greater than 99% of escherichia coli isolates was susceptible to cefixime including those resistant to ampicillin. similarly isolates of klebsiella, proteus and providencia were also exquisitely susceptible to cefixime as were 91% of entero ... | 1988 | 3243091 |
| antibacterial activities of cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. | cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone inhibited branhamella catarrhalis at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, beta-hemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, neisseria meningitidis at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml, and haemophilus influenzae (other than beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates) at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. the mics for 50% of isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter ... | 1988 | 3245701 |
| clinical efficacy of carumonam. | carumonam is a new n-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. an open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group a) or 2 g t.i.d. (group b) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. a total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinar ... | 1988 | 3246211 |
| [antimicrobial activity of antiseptics]. | in the study, the antimicrobial activities of 7.5% povidone-iodine, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1.5% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1.5% chlorhexidine gluconate with cetrimide mixture, 10% benzalconium chloride, dust detergent and soap as well as changes in activity in due course of time have been investigated. it has been observed that the effect of germicides on staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae and candida strains increased in time. soap had no germicidal effect. t ... | 1988 | 3252121 |
| chemotactic activity of chicken blood mononuclear leukocytes from 15i5-b-congenic lines to bacterially-derived chemoattractants. | the chemotactic activity of chicken blood mononuclear leukocytes was examined in partially-developed 15i5-b-congenic chicken lines using enterobacter cloacae culture supernatant and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylanine (f-met-leu-phe) (10(-5)m). cells from seven different coded b-congenic lines were used to study each chemoattractant in vitro. mononuclear cells from lines .15i-b5,.c-b12 and the background line 15i5 (b15) exhibited a significantly greater directed migration to bacterial supernatan ... | 1988 | 3252620 |
| chromosomal beta-lactamase expression and antibiotic resistance in enterobacter cloacae. | the activities of beta-lactam antibiotics were compared against enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates and mutants which had inducible, stably-derepressed, and basal expression of a pi 8.4 subtype of the ia chromosomal beta-lactamase. these activities were correlated with the results of studies of the beta-lactamase-lability and beta-lactamase-inducer-power of the antibiotics. cefoxitin and ampicillin were labile, and induced beta-lactamase production strongly at concentrations below their mic v ... | 1988 | 3258037 |
| comparison of glycine enhancement with cefoxitin induction of class 1 beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047. | the presence of either glycine or cefoxitin in the growth medium resulted in an increase in the beta-lactamase activity of cultures of enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047. although the beta-lactamases produced as a result of either glycine enhancement or cefoxitin induction were identical there were striking differences in the kinetics of beta-lactamase production. the increased production of beta-lactamase which resulted from enhancement by glycine occurred late in the growth cycle whereas, with ce ... | 1988 | 3258859 |
| sequence and comparative analysis of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes and their products. | the sequences of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes have been determined. the deduced amino acid sequences are very similar: out of a total of 361 residues, only eight positions were found to be variable, and several mutations yielded residues with very similar properties. the kinetic properties of two of the enzymes were not significantly different. the three enzymes also exhibited a high degree of homology (greater than 70%) with the ampc beta-lactamases of escherichia coli k ... | 1988 | 3260487 |
| on the kinetic interaction between ceftriaxone and some beta-lactamases. | the activity of beta-lactamases from citrobacter diversus ula-27 on ceftriaxone, a widely recognized third-generation cephalosporin, has been examined and compared to the activity of various other beta-lactamases from different sources. ceftriaxone (roche s.p.a. milan) was found to be resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae and bacillus cereus, but susceptible to beta-lactamases from mycobacterium fortuitum strain cow 18 and, mostly, to beta-lactamases from various s ... | 1988 | 3260552 |
| in vitro activity of an oral iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, r-3746. | the in vitro activity of r-3746, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a ch2och3 moiety at position 3, was compared with those of other antibiotics. r-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups a, b, c, f, and g) and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. ninety percent of beta-lactamase-produci ... | 1988 | 3260766 |
| comparable evaluation of orally active beta-lactam compounds in ampicillin-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative rods: role of beta-lactamases on resistance. | the antibacterial activity of the recently developed cephems cefixime and cefetamet-pivoxyl was evaluated in 408 gram-positive and gram-negative rods, all isolated recently from clinical specimens, and compared to that of other orally active agents such as ampicillin, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime-axetil and to ceftriaxone. with regard to ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae ceftriaxone proved to be the most active agent, followed by cefixime and cefetamet, whereas cefur ... | 1988 | 3262045 |
| activity of temocillin and other penicillins against beta-lactamase-inducible and -stably derepressed enterobacteria. | mics of temocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ampicillin were determined for mutant series of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii and serratia marcescens with inducible, stably derepressed or basal expression of chromosomal class i beta-lactamases. ampicillin was inactive (mic greater than 256 mg/l) both against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms (except c. freundii) and their stably derepressed mutants, whereas basal ... | 1988 | 3263354 |
| biochemical characterization of type a and type b beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae. | different types of chromosomally coded beta-lactamases are found in enterobacter cloacae. e. cloacae m6300 produces beta-lactamase type a, which has an isoelectric point of 8.8, whereas e. cloacae 908 r produces beta-lactamase type b, which has an isoelectric point of 7.9. both enzymes were purified to homogeneity by a procedure that included affinity chromatography on amino phenylboronic acid-modified sepharose. the two enzymes were closely related as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylam ... | 1988 | 3263683 |
| heterogeneity in ampr-ampc gene interaction in enterobacter cloacae. | the ampr gene and its regulation of ampc beta-lactamase synthesis were investigated for enterobacter cloacae 1194e, a wild-type strain producing a group a (pi 8.7) enzyme. expression of the cloned e. cloacae 1194e ampr-ampc region was examined initially in escherichia coli hb101. however, transformants showed only constitutive beta-lactamase expression. for study of enzyme expression in a more closely related host, the cloned e. cloacae 1194e ampr-ampc region was transformed into e. cloacae 55, ... | 1988 | 3263686 |
| genetic control of beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae. | in enterobacter cloacae, mutations in favor of overproduction of beta-lactamase--leading to resistance to third-generation cephalosporins--occur at frequencies of 10(-4)-10(-7). cloning experiments reveal that at least three genes are involved in the regulation of chromosomal beta-lactamase expression. the structural gene, ampc, is located adjacent to the regulatory gene, ampr, coding for a protein that can serve as an activator in the presence of an inducer. an example of an ampr mutant that is ... | 1988 | 3263687 |
| impact of the ampd gene and its product on beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae. | in an investigation of the influence of the ampd gene on beta-lactamase production and induction in enterobacter cloacae, the ampr-ampc gene region cloned into a plasmid and the ampd gene cloned into another vector were transferred to a strain of escherichia coli. the genetically manipulated e. coli strains served as a model for study of the inducibility of beta-lactamases in e. cloacae. in addition, beta-lactamase induction in e. cloacae bearing the previously mentioned plasmids was studied. af ... | 1988 | 3263688 |
| simple assay of beta-lactamase with agar medium containing a chromogenic cephalosporin, pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore (padac). | a new beta-lactamase assay method with agar plates containing pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore (padac) (50 microm), a beta-lactamase-labile, chromogenic cephalosporin, was examined. on the padac plates inoculated with beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (10(4) cfu per spot) and incubated at 37 degrees c, a yellow zone showing hydrolysis of padac by beta-lactamase was formed around the colony. the zone diameter increased with incubation time. examination with enterobacte ... | 1988 | 3263833 |
| inactivation of beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae by monophosphams. | amongst the monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics, selected monophosphams were potent mechanism-based inactivators of the p99 and e2 cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae. inhibition of these enzymes was time-dependent with second order rate constants for inactivation of 100,000 to 20,000,000 l/mol/min. after incubation for 24 h at least 99% of the enzymatic activity was inhibited when enzyme was exposed to a ten-fold excess of inactivator. amongst the monophosphams three classes of inhibitors ... | 1988 | 3266620 |
| large-scale purification of the chromosomal beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99. | homogeneous beta-lactamase (beta-lactam hydrolase, e.c. 3.5.2.6) from enterobacter cloacae p99, an enzyme that has an important function in antibiotic resistance, was prepared using a single cation-exchange chromatographic step with cm-sepharose fast-flow. a 6-g amount of the enzyme was isolated from 5 kg of cell paste, with 84% of the enzyme activity in the cell homogenate being recovered by the single cation-exchange step. the specific activity of the beta-lactamase was 587 u/mg protein. the r ... | 1988 | 3266632 |
| cephalosporinase interactions and antimicrobial activity of bmy-28142, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. | cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were responsible for resistance to newer cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime but not bmy-28142. interaction of these cephalosporins including hydrolysis, binding, inhibition, and inactivation with cephalosporinases from e. cloacae gn7471 and c. freundii gn7391 were studied. bmy-28142 was much more stable against the both enzymes than cephalothin, but more hydrolyzable than cefotaxime and ceftazidime at higher concen ... | 1988 | 3279015 |
| tigemonam, an oral monobactam. | tigemonam is an orally administered monobactam. at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml it inhibited the majority of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter diversus, proteus spp., providencia spp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterocolitica. at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml it inhibited haemophilus spp., neisseria spp., and branhamella catarrhalis. it did not inhibit pseudomonas spp. ... | 1988 | 3279906 |
| infections after liver transplantation. an analysis of 101 consecutive cases. | we studied infections in 101 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation between july 1984 and september 1985. the mean length of follow-up was 394 days. eighty-three percent of population had 1 or more episodes of infection and 67% of the population had severe infections. the overall mortality was 26/101 (26%) and 23 of 26 deaths (88%) were associated with infection. seventy percent of severe infections occurred in the first 2 months after transplantation. the most frequent severe ... | 1988 | 3280944 |
| in vitro analytical system for determining the ability of antibiotics at residue levels to select for resistance in bacteria. | an analytical procedure, based on the concept that exposure of bacteria to antibiotics will result in the selection of a resistant population, was developed. two strains of enteric bacteria, escherichia coli cs-1 and enterobacter cloacae b520, which are sensitive to a wide variety of antibiotics, were used as the test organisms. e. coli cs-1 were exposed to 1.00 micrograms antibiotic or antimicrobial/ml; e. cloacae b520 were exposed to 0.01, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, and 5.00 micrograms/ml. both organis ... | 1988 | 3290188 |
| [non-clostridial gas-producing brain abscess in a brain death patient--report of a case]. | a 46 year old female was admitted to our emergency room because of cardiopulmonary arrest by hanging. after ten minutes cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she was resuscitated but her consciousness did'nt recover. ct-scans on the day of admission showed no abnormalities but on the second hospital day it showed symmetrical low density areas within the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the hippocampus, and the occipital lobe. there were marked enhanced effect in cerebral sulci due to cytotoxic edema of hyp ... | 1988 | 3293638 |
| [etiology of corneal ulcers with special reference to bacterial genesis]. | the authors report on 134 patients (141 eyes) seen between may 1982 and december 1985 with corneal ulcers with or without hypopyon. eight patients (11 eyes) had a facial palsy, 7 (7 eyes) a varicella zoster infection, 1 (2 eyes) a marginal ulcer ("furrow keratitis") associated with collagenosis, 29 (29 eyes) an ulcerative keratitis with endophthalmitis, 1 (2 eyes) a pemphigoid-associated ulcer and 90 (92 eyes) a herpetic infection. pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from 20 patients: 10 ... | 1987 | 3295371 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new monobactam, b0-1165. | b0-1165 is a 1-carboxy-1-cyclopropoxyamino,4-fluoromethyl monobactam. it inhibited the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, providencia stuartii, yersinia enterocolitica, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and salmonella and shigella species at less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml. overall, its in vitro activity was similar to that of aztreona ... | 1987 | 3300528 |
| [ofloxacin (ru 43280). clinical study]. | thirty-two patients were treated by ofloxacin on bacteriological documented infections. they were enterobacterias: n = 15 (mic less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml); pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter: n = 1 (mic 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml); staphylococcus: n = 6 (mic less than or equal to 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml); pneumococcus: n = 1; mycoplasma: n = 1; chlamydia psittaci: n = 2; legionella pneumophila: n = 1; rickettsias: n = 4 (three mediterranean fevers one query fever). ofloxac ... | 1987 | 3302873 |