| long-term sequelae of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome attributable to hantaan virus in korean war veterans. | health status was sought for approximately 1600 korean war veterans who contracted hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) during deployment to korea between 1951 and 1953. to determine whether long-term sequelae were present for these individuals, mortality and morbidity data were collected from the department of veterans affairs, the centers for medicare and medicaid services, the social security administration, and the national death index records. control subjects were selected from mil ... | 2005 | 15916302 |
| synthesis of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-3-ethynyl-[1,2,4]triazole and its in vitro and in vivo efficacy against hantavirus. | there are no fda approved drugs for the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), a serious human illnesses caused by hantaviruses. clinical studies using ribavirin (rbv) to treat hfrs patients suggest that it provides an improved prognosis when given early in the course of disease. given the unique antiviral activity of rbv and the lack of other lead scaffolds, we prepared a diverse series of 3-substituted 1,2,4-triazole-beta-ribosides and identified one with antiviral activity ... | 2008 | 18394724 |
| effect of cordycepin on hantaan virus 76-118 infection of primary human embryonic pulmonary fibroblasts--characterization of apoptotic effects. | the cdna microarray technique was used to study gene epression in human embryonic pulmonary fibroblasts (hepf) infected with hantaan virus (htnv) under the influence of cordycepin (cor), an inhibitor of post-transcriptional pre-mrna polyadenylation. four apoptotic genes, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1, nfkb inhibitor alpha, caspase-3 and nfkb1 were up-regulated in both infected and uninfected cor-treated cells and two cell cycle-associated genes, cdc-like kinase and beta-induce ... | 2005 | 16178516 |
| genetic characterization of hantaviruses isolated from guizhou, china: evidence for spillover and reassortment in nature. | to gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in the guizhou province, china, rodents were captured in guizhou during the period from 2001 to 2003. in addition, serum sample was collected from one patient. virus isolation was attempted from human serum and rodent samples. four hantaviruses were isolated successfully in cell culture from one human, two a. agrarius, and one r. norvegicus. the nucleotide sequences for the entire s and m and partial l segment were determined from these ... | 2008 | 18428127 |
| design and development of a dna array for rapid detection and genotyping of seven kinds of pathogenic microbes. | a dna array for rapid detection and genotyping of the pathogenic microbes of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, tsutsugamushi disease, leptospirosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, cholera, and hemorrhagic colitis was developed. the specific and relatively conserved pcr primers and dna probes were screened from the characteristic genes of the pathogenic microbes. the pcr or rt-pcr methods were established for amplifying and labeling the dna fragments of the pathogenic microbes. all the probes with the same ... | 2005 | 16193981 |
| [identification of htnv-np-specific t lymphocyte epitopes and analysis of the epitope-specific t cell response]. | to identify the nucleocapsid protein of hantaan virus (htnv-np)-specific t lymphocyte epitopes and analyze the epitope-specific t cell response during hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). | 2005 | 16256031 |
| [virological surveillance on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in hunan province in 2006]. | to understand the rate of viral carrying status among rodents as well as genotypes and distribution of hantaviruses (hv) isolated in hunan province. | 2007 | 18476580 |
| heat shock protein 70 fused to or complexed with hantavirus nucleocapsid protein significantly enhances specific humoral and cellular immune responses in c57bl/6 mice. | heat shock proteins (hsps) are known to act as an effective molecular adjuvant to enhance the induction of antigen peptide-specific cellular immunity, when coupled with the antigen or peptide. hantaan virus (htnv) nucleocapsid protein (np) is relatively conserved among hantaviruses and highly immunogenic in both animals and humans. to analyze the influence of hsp70 on np vaccine potency, and evaluate the possibility of developing a novel effective vaccine against hantaviruses, we constructed pro ... | 2008 | 18479786 |
| [hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome among servicemen in primorskiĭ region of russia]. | the data about the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) among the servicemen stationed in hfrs endemic territories at primorye region are presented. the authors have shown the epidemiological significance of outbreaks, group and sporadic cases of hfrs especially in servicemen aged 18-20. during the outbreaks the maximal hfrs incidence is registered during 2 weeks after the first case. 104 hfrs cases were registered in the servicemen. among them 77.8 +/- 3.0% were at the age ... | 2005 | 16276769 |
| [3 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity]. | viral origin of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is known since 40th years of last century. also it is known that contamination of person is performed mainly by air pollution way. we observed a focus with 3 hfrs cases (with laboratory confirmation--antibodies to hfrs hantavirus were found) in one family with one lethal outcome. contamination of patients occurred by air pollution way during stocking vegetables contaminated with rodent's excrements. lethal outcome was stipulated by inc ... | 2008 | 18494292 |
| [inhibiting effects of fucoidans on hantaan virus adsorption on a model of peritoneal macrophages in vitro]. | a model of peritoneal macrophages was used to study the effect of fucoidans from brown seaweeds on the adsorption of hantaan virus. fucoidans were found to have antiviral activity, but to differ in the inhibition of hantavirus adsorption, which was associated with their structural features. the mechanism of their action is assumed to be shown via ligand-receptor interaction with certain cell membrane receptors and via blockage of hantavirus glycoproteins (g1 and g2), resulting in adsorption inhi ... | 2008 | 18590128 |
| [related substitutions in the small segment of old world hantavirus genome]. | whether there were related nucleotide substitutions in the s-segments of the genome of tula, puumala, hantaan, dorava/belgrad, and seoul viruses was studied. the significance of the correlations found in nucleotide substitutions was estimated by the level of mutual information. the majority of the correlated changes were synonymous substitutions. the correlations were mostly restricted to non-synonymous substitutions sites: tula 258 (a.a.) and dobrava/belgrad (56 a.a.). in the genome of puumala, ... | 2008 | 18590133 |
| lack of vertical transmission of hantaan virus from persistently infected dam to progeny in laboratory mice. | it is unclear how the hantaviruses are transferred from infected to uninfected rodents. we studied the status of persistently infected laboratory mice and examined the frequency of viral transmission to their offspring. expression of hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein was detected in the lungs of persistently infected dams. none of the progeny displayed viral antigen, although they were strongly positive for igg antibodies against hantavirus. there was neither hantavirus rna nor virus-specific i ... | 2008 | 18612586 |
| [changing patterns of communicable diseases in korea]. | before twentieth centuries and during early twentieth centuries, communicable diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in korea. but reliable data are not available. after 1975, the overall morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases, rapidly declined. recently many new pathogenic microbes were recognized: l. monocytogenes, hantaan virus, y. pseudotuberculosis, p. multocida, l. pneumophilia, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), g. seoi, h. capsulatum, c. burnetii, v. choler ... | 2005 | 16315747 |
| [antiviral effectiveness of the combined use of amixine and virasole in experimental hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in sucking albino mice]. | the antiviral effectiveness of the combined and single use of superlow-dose amixine and virasole on the course of experimental hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was studied in sucking albino mice parenterally infected with their virus hantaan. the co-administration of virasole and amixine was shown to protect 52% of the infected animals from death, which is superior to the effect of their monotherapy. the combined use of the drugs substantially prolongs the survival of albino mice after thei ... | 2005 | 16408628 |
| analysis of immune responses against nucleocapsid protein of the hantaan virus elicited by virus infection or dna vaccination. | even though neutralizing antibodies against the hantaan virus (htnv) has been proven to be critical against viral infections, the cellular immune responses to htnv are also assumed to be important for viral clearance. in this report, we have examined the cellular and humoral immune responses against the htnv nucleocapsid protein (np) elicited by virus infection or dna vaccination. to examine the cellular immune response against htnv np, we used h-2k(b) restricted t-cell epitopes of np. the np-sp ... | 2005 | 16410771 |
| expression of a hantavirus n protein and its efficacy as antigen in immune assays. | hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) has been recognized as an important public heath problem. five hantaviruses associated with hcps are currently known in brazil: juquitiba, araraquara, laguna negra-like, castelo dos sonhos, and anajatuba viruses. the laboratory diagnosis of hcps is routinely carried out by the detection of anti-hantavirus igm and/or igg antibodies. the present study describes the expression of the n protein of a hantavirus detected in the blood sample of an hcps patient ... | 2008 | 18719741 |
| situation of hantavirus infections and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in european countries as of december 2006. | hantavirus infections are widely distributed in europe with the exception of the far north and the mediterranean regions. the underlying causes of varying epidemiological patterns differ among regions: in western and central europe epidemics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by hantavirus infections follow mast years with increased seed production by oak and beech trees followed by increased rodent reproduction. in the northern regions, hantavirus infections and hfrs epidem ... | 2008 | 18761927 |
| hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in montenegro. | the objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in montenegro. the study included 169 cases of hfrs diagnosed in the period between 1995 and 2005 according to the clinical symptoms and serological confirmation. for the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the cases, as well as of the chronological and topographical features of the disease, a descriptive epidemiological method was employed. the average incidence rate ... | 2008 | 18806348 |
| construction and expression of a eukaryotic expression vector containing a fusion gene of the hantaan virus s gene and hsp70 gene. | hantavirus (hv) infection leads to a kind of severe systematic syndrome, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). heat shock proteins (hsps) can be used as adjuvants assisting soluble antigens to produce specific targets which can be attacked by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. for further research on hfrs vaccine, this study aimed to express hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (htnv np)-hsp70 fusion protein in cos-7 cells. first, an htnv s gene encoding np was amplified by pcr with a mutated termin ... | 2009 | 18810536 |
| a hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome requires gc1qr/p32 for efficient cell binding and infection. | hantaan virus (htnv) is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). htnv infection is mediated by alpha v beta3 integrin. we used protein blots of vero e6 cell homogenates to demonstrate that radiolabeled htnv virions bind to gc1qr/p32, the acidic 32-kda protein known as the receptor for the globular head domain of complement c1q. rnai-mediated suppression of gc1qr/p32 markedly reduced htnv binding and infection in human lung epithelial a549 cells. conversel ... | 2008 | 18834607 |
| the discovery of hantaan virus: comparative biology and serendipity in a world at war. | | 2004 | 15478081 |
| epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in endemic area of the republic of korea, 1995-1998. | we conducted an epidemiologic study to understand temporal and spatial patterns of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the republic of korea (rok). we estimated the incidence among civilians in endemic areas through the active surveillance system during the major epidemic periods, from september to december, between 1996 and 1998. we also estimated the prevalence among korean military personnel from 1995 to 1998. in addition, we assessed seroprevalence, subclinical infection rate, an ... | 2006 | 16891802 |
| hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein binds to importin alpha proteins and inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa b. | hantaviruses such as hantaan virus (htnv) and andes virus cause two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, respectively. for both, disease pathogenesis is thought to be immunologically mediated and there have been numerous reports of patients with elevated levels of proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), in their sera. multiple viruses have developed evasion strategies to circumvent the host ... | 2009 | 19019947 |
| [the reactivity of sera from hemorrhagic fever in patients with renal syndromes to the recombination nucleotide proteins from european hantaviruses in hubei province]. | five yeast-expressed recombination nucleotide proteins of european hantaviruses were prepared as coated antigens to detect hantavirus-specific antibodies in sera from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes (hfrs) in hubei province, through elisa assay. the relativity among hantaviruses prevailing in different areas was investigated. | 2008 | 19040041 |
| antiviral effect of human saliva against hantavirus. | hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are zoonotic diseases caused by rodent borne hantaviruses. transmission to humans occurs usually by inhalation of aerozolized virus-contaminated rodent excreta. although human-to-human transmission of andes hantavirus has been observed, the mode of transmission is currently not known. saliva from puumala hantavirus (puuv)-infected patients was shown recently to contain viral rna. to test if human saliva interferes wit ... | 2008 | 19040288 |
| [hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome: modern aspects of epidemiology and prophylaxis]. | hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs) is a typical natural-and-focal virus infection having military-and-epidemiological importance for armed forces of most countries. severe forms of this infection are typical for the far east of russia, countries of south-east asia and especially for the american continent. the lethality from hfrs amounts to 15-50%. the main natural carriers and keepers of hfrs stimulus are various mouse-type rodents. in russia besides well-studied natural focuses o ... | 2006 | 16977883 |
| hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs, korean hemorrhagic fever). | | 2007 | 16983539 |
| [detection of anti-hantavirus antibodies in forest workers in the north-east of poland]. | to estimate exposition to hantaviruses in a high-risk population (forest workers) in the north-east of poland. | 2008 | 19108515 |
| activity of ribavirin against hantaan virus correlates with production of ribavirin-5'-triphosphate, not with inhibition of imp dehydrogenase. | ribavirin (rbv) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that inhibits the production of infectious hantaan virus (htnv). although the mechanism of action of rbv against htnv is not understood, rbv is metabolized in human cells to both rbv-5'-monophosphate, which inhibits imp dehydrogenase, resulting in a decrease in intracellular gtp levels, and rbv-5'-triphosphate (rbv-tp), which could selectively interact with the viral rna polymerase. to elucidate which activity of rbv was most important to its a ... | 2007 | 17060520 |
| expression of l protein of hantaan virus 84fli strain and its application for recovery of minigenomes. | hantaan virus (htnv) is an old world hantavirus associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). to visualize the localization of the l protein of htnv strain 84fli within cells, a fusion protein composed of enhanced green fluorescent protein and l protein, egfp-l, was expressed in vero cells. the 273 kda expressed fusion protein of egfp-l localized in the perinuclear region. we also described the development of a reverse genetics system for htnv strain 84fli. the rna polymerase i ( ... | 2008 | 19133012 |
| [the pathogenetic role of peripheral t-lymphocytes activation-induced cell death in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. | to study the activation-induced cell death (aicd) in peripheral blood t-lymphocytes (pbl-t) from patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and the effect of aicd on the pathogenesis of hfrs. | 2006 | 17313872 |
| genetic and antigenic analyses of a puumala virus isolate as a potential vaccine strain. | puumala virus (puuv), a causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), is prevalent in europe and european russia. no vaccine has been developed for puuv-associated hfrs, primarily because of the low viral yield in cultured cells. a puuv strain known as dtk/ufa-97 was isolated in russia and adapted for growth in vero e6 cells maintained in serum-free medium. the dtk/ufa-97 strain produced a higher viral titer in serum-free medium, suggesting that it may prove useful in the deve ... | 2008 | 19177744 |
| hantaviruses: an emerging public health threat in india? a review. | the emerging viral diseases haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) are a cause of global concern as they are increasingly reported from newer regions of the world. the hantavirus species causing hfrs include hantaan virus,seoul virus, puumala virus, and dobrava-belgrade virus while sin nombre virus was responsible for the 1993 outbreak of hcps in the four corners region of the us. humans are accidental hosts and get infected by aerosols gener ... | 2008 | 19208975 |
| hantaan virus triggers tlr3-dependent innate immune responses. | immediately after viral infection, innate responses including expression of ifn-alpha/beta and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) are elicited ubiquitously by recruitment of specific pathogen recognition receptors. the velocity to induce ifn-alpha/beta and isgs in response to an infection is often decisive for virulence. interestingly, in primary endothelial cells isgs are induced later by hantaviruses pathogenic to humans than those considered to be nonpathogenic or of low virulence. here we demonstra ... | 2009 | 19234180 |
| acute febrile illness caused by hantavirus: serological and molecular evidence from india. | study of hantavirus infections in india is in its early stages. as early symptoms of hantavirus disease can be non-specific and the diagnosis confirmed only by laboratory testing, use of appropriate diagnostic tools is important. to improve the diagnosis of hantavirus infections in india, commercial elisa systems followed by indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to detect anti-hantavirus igm and igg in samples from patients with acute febrile illness. of 347 patients tested, 5.2% showed s ... | 2009 | 19237179 |
| [application of flow microbeads assay in detection of specific antibodies and cytokines in serum from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. | to establish a flow microbeads assay (fma) to examine the level of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (hfrs v.) specific igm, igg and cytokines in hfrs patients. | 2009 | 19257990 |
| ecological surveillance of small mammals at firing points 10 and 60, gyeonggi province, republic of korea, 2001-2005. | throughout korea, small mammals are hosts to a number of disease-causing agents that pose a health threat to u.s. and korean military forces while they conduct field-training exercises. a seasonal rodent-borne disease surveillance program was established at two firing points (fp), fp-10, and fp-60, and conducted over five years from 2001 through 2005 in response to hantavirus cases among u.s. soldiers. the ecology of these sites consisted primarily of tall grasses associated with semi-permanent ... | 2008 | 19263858 |
| diagnostic aspects for epidemic hemorrhagic fever in legal medical autopsy: report of 2 cases and review. | epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) is known also as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). hantaviruses, a notorious cause of ehf is spreaded by rodents or biting insects, can cause epidemic hemorrhagic fever. this report describes two rare medico-legal autopsy cases died from epidemic hemorrhagic fever. the victims were two male individuals aged 34 years and 29 years. the medico-legal autopsies were requested for alleged medical negligence. in both cases, autopsy reveals lesions to kidneys ... | 2009 | 19269214 |
| defining the n-linked glycosylation site of hantaan virus envelope glycoproteins essential for cell fusion. | the hantaan virus (htnv) is an enveloped virus that is capable of inducing low ph-dependent cell fusion. we molecularly cloned the viral glycoprotein (gp) and nucleocapsid (np) cdna of htnv and expressed them in vero e6 cells under the control of a cmv promoter. the viral gene expression was assessed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoprecipitation. the transfected vero e6 cells expressing gps, but not those expressing np, fused and formed a syncytium following exposure to a lo ... | 2007 | 17342054 |
| [screening of biopolymers from sea hydrocoles affecting the adsorption of hantaan virus]. | the biopolymers extracted from sea hydrocoles were screened and a group of sulfated polysaccharides--fucoidans having a pronounced inhibitory effect on the adsorption of hantaan virus in the cultured vero e6 cells was identified. the mechanism of action of sulfated polysaccharides was realized through competitive carbohydrate-specific binding to cell membrane receptors and through ligand-receptor interaction and blocking of hantaan virus glycoproteins (g1 and g2). | 2007 | 17500236 |
| adenovirus vectors expressing hantavirus proteins protect hamsters against lethal challenge with andes virus. | hantaviruses infect humans following aerosolization from rodent feces and urine, producing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. due to the high rates of mortality and lack of therapies, vaccines are urgently needed. nonreplicating adenovirus (ad) vectors that express andes hantavirus (andv) nucleocapsid protein (adn) or glycoproteins (adg(n) and adg(c)) were constructed. ad vectors were tested for their ability to protect syrian hamsters from a lethal andv inf ... | 2009 | 19403663 |
| [late consequences of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in a woman who had it during pregnancy]. | the authors adduce a brief description of the features and outcomes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in 8 pregnant women. the results of the examination of a 54-year-old woman and her son, who suffered from a severe form of hers 28 years ago during the 31st week of pregnancy, are presented in detail. antibodies to hantaan virus 1:32 were found; magnetic resonance tomography of the skull revealed sequelae of hypophysial hemorrhage with the formation of "partly empty ephippium". the ... | 2007 | 17665611 |
| hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a concise clinical review. | in 1978, hantaviruses were first described as the etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in korea. since then, numerous related, enveloped, negative-stranded rna viruses have been identified, forming the genus hantavirus within the family bunyaviridae. these pathogens are distributed worldwide and thus can be classified, on the basis of phylogenetic origins, into old world viruses or new world viruses (ie north, central, and south america). similarly, these viruses cau ... | 2009 | 19434035 |
| gold nanoparticle enhanced immuno-pcr for ultrasensitive detection of hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein. | a functionalized gold nanoparticle (gnp) enhanced ultrasensitive immuno-pcr assay (gnp-ipcr on elisa plate), which was modified from the recent developed bio-barcode assay (bca) technique, was developed to detect hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (hnp). during the assay, the target antigen hnp was captured by a polyclonal antibody coated on elisa microplate wells, followed by adding gnp dually modified with oligonucleotides and a hnp specific monoclonal antibody l13 (mab l13) to form a sandwich ... | 2009 | 19467237 |
| ribavirin reveals a lethal threshold of allowable mutation frequency for hantaan virus. | the broad spectrum of antiviral activity of ribavirin (rbv) lies in its ability to inhibit imp dehydrogenase, which lowers cellular gtp. however, rbv can act as a potent mutagen for some rna viruses. previously we have shown a lack of correlation between antiviral activity and gtp repression for hantaan virus (htnv) and evidence for rbv's ability to promote error-prone replication. to further explore the mechanism of rbv, gtp levels, specific infectivity, and/or mutation frequency was measured i ... | 2007 | 17699579 |
| development and evaluation of serological assays for detection of hantaanvirus-specific antibodies in human sera using yeast-expressed nucleocapsid protein. | indirect and capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for detection of hantaan virus (htnv)-specific immunoglobulins g (igg) and m (igm) in human serum samples were developed on the basis of recombinant yeast-expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of htnv. the sensitivities and specificities of the indirect and capture elisas were evaluated by comparing the reactivity of sera from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) from china with that of a commercial igg/igm kit. ... | 2008 | 18077007 |
| interferon-stimulated genes response in endothelial cells following hantaan virus infection. | the regulation mechanism of interferon (ifn) and ifn-stimulated genes is a very complex procedure and is dependent on cell types and virus species. we observed molecular changes related to anti-viral responses in endothelial cells during hantaan virus (htnv) infection. we found that there are two patterns of gene expression, the first pattern of gene expression being characterized by early induction and short action, as in that of type i ifns,' and the other being characterized by delayed induct ... | 2007 | 18162711 |
| genotyping of hantaviruses occurring in linyi, china, by nested rt-pcr combined with single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. | the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) incidence rate still holds in high level in some areas of the world, but a reliable and simple typing method that can be used in clinical diagnosis and epidemiologic surveys is not available. in this study, 48 serum samples were collected from patients with hfrs in linyi area, china, that is seriously affected by this disease. the collected samples were analyzed by nested rt-pcr combined with single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) for geno ... | 2009 | 19537913 |
| [study on the difference of genes and the type identification of hantavirus from lishui, zhejiang province]. | to isolate hantavirus from lishui county--one of the epidemic regions for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), in zhejiang province, and to identify the serotype and molecular/biological characteristics of a new htn subtype hantavirus (hv) strains, hopefully to provide evidence for hfrs prevention and therapy. | 2009 | 19565882 |
| [transformation of full-length gene of mouse/human chimeric antibody against hantaan virus into arabidopsis thaliana]. | to construct the transgenic arabidopsis thaliana containing full-length gene of mouse/human chimeric antibody(3g1mh) against hantaan virus. | 2008 | 18177619 |
| [discovery, clinical and etiological characteristic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the subtropical zone of krasnodar region]. | twenty-six patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were revealed as a result of serological examination of 582 patients with fever living around sochi town. etiologic role of dobrava virus subtype as the cause of hfrs was assessed by immunofluorescent and elisa assays, and neutralization test. the principal host of this virus and source of infection for humans is caucasian forest mouse apodemus ponticus. hfrs morbidity was sporadic and not dependent from patients' occupation a ... | 2008 | 18376466 |
| analysis of the immune response to hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein c-terminal-specific cd8(+) t cells in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | hantaan virus (htnv), the prototype member of the hantavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), which is characterized by capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and renal injury, and is an important public health problem in china. some kinds of immune cells, particularly cd8(+) t cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of hantavirus infection. the nucleocapsid protein (np) of the hantavirus is the most conserved structural protein and the most abundant ... | 2009 | 19594396 |
| intensity of platelet beta(3) integrin in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its correlation with disease severity. | beta(3) integrin has been identified as a cellular receptor for hantaan virus, which causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). to investigate the relationship between intensity of the platelet membrane beta(3) integrin (cd61) and disease severity, the percentage of cd61-positive platelets and the mean fluorescence intensities (mfi) of platelet cd61 were determined in patients with hfrs by flow cytometry. the intensity levels of cd61 in patients with hfrs were significantly higher than ... | 2008 | 18419255 |
| hantavirus species in india: a retrospective study. | hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in europe and asia. there are about 20 documented hantavirus species and newer species are being described worldwide, especially in non-rodent reservoirs, i.e shrews. focus reduction neutralization test is the classical serotyping technique for hantavirus. however, this study employs a previously established serotyping elisa, to retrospectively analyze known hantavirus igg reactive samples for infecting serotypes. the result suggests prese ... | 2009 | 19736405 |
| the interferon response circuit in antiviral host defense. | viruses have learned to multiply in the face of a powerful innate and adaptive immune response of the host. they have evolved multiple strategies to evade the interferon (ifn) system which would otherwise limit virus growth at an early stage of infection. ifns induce the synthesis of a range of antiviral proteins which serve as cell-autonomous intrinsic restriction factors. for example, the dynamin-like mxa gtpase inhibits the multiplication of influenza and bunyaviruses (such as la crosse virus ... | 2009 | 19739399 |
| [serological characteristics of hantaviruses from clinical specimens analyzed in 1998-2008 in the department of virology, public health institute, ostrava]. | in 1998 - 2008, serum samples from 464 patients, predominantly residents of the moravia-silesian region, were examined in the department of virology, public health institute in ostrava, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of specific anti-hantavirus antibodies. seropositivity was ascertained in 41 persons (8.8%). more patients tested seropositive against hantaan virus (24, i.e. 58.5%) than against puumala virus (13, i.e. 31.7%). four persons were reactive against bo ... | 2009 | 19750821 |
| inhibition of tnf-alpha-induced activation of nf-kappab by hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins. | hantaviruses cause two human diseases thought to be immune-mediated: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). we recently reported that the nucleocapsid (n) protein of hfrs-causing hantaan virus (htnv) inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) activation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab). here we measured the ability of other hantaviral n proteins to similarly interfere with the inflammatory process of tnf-alpha. we found that like htnv n, t ... | 2009 | 19751407 |
| processing of genome 5' termini as a strategy of negative-strand rna viruses to avoid rig-i-dependent interferon induction. | innate immunity is critically dependent on the rapid production of interferon in response to intruding viruses. the intracellular pathogen recognition receptors rig-i and mda5 are essential for interferon induction by viral rnas containing 5' triphosphates or double-stranded structures, respectively. viruses with a negative-stranded rna genome are an important group of pathogens causing emerging and re-emerging diseases. we investigated the ability of genomic rnas from substantial representative ... | 2008 | 18446221 |
| identification of oligopeptides mimicking the receptor-binding domain of hantaan virus envelope glycoprotein from a phage-displayed peptide library. | attachment of enveloped viruses to cells is triggered by the receptor-binding domain (rbd) on envelope glycoproteins (gp) binding to receptors located on the cell surface. to date, recognized receptors and rbd of hantaan virus (htnv) have not been exactly defined. in this study, one monoclonal antibody (mab) 3g1 possessing high neutralizing activity, which is directed against htnv envelope glycoprotein g2, was used to determine the crucial motif of rbd. peptide ligands binding to mab 3g1 were se ... | 2009 | 19767836 |
| hantavirus infection in the republic of georgia. | we describe a laboratory-confirmed case of hantavirus infection in the republic of georgia. limited information is available about hantavirus infections in the caucasus, although the infection has been reported throughout europe and russia. increasing awareness and active disease surveillance contribute to our improved understanding of the geographic range of this pathogen. | 2009 | 19788822 |
| co-circulation of three pathogenic hantaviruses: puumala, dobrava, and saaremaa in hungary. | hantaviruses (bunyaviridae) cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in eurasia and hantavirus (cardio)pulmonary syndrome (hcps) in the americas. hfrs is caused by hantaan virus (htnv), seoul virus (seov), dobrava virus (dobv), saaremaa virus (saav), and puumala virus (puuv). of those, only htnv is not present in europe. in recent years, hantaviruses, described in other parts of europe, were also detected at various locations in hungary. to study the genetic properties of hungarian han ... | 2009 | 19856478 |
| hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in 4 us soldiers, south korea, 2005. | four us soldiers acquired hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome while training near the demilitarized zone, south korea, in 2005. hantaan virus sequences were amplified by reverse transcription-pcr from patient serum samples and from lung tissues of striped field mice (apodemus agrarius) captured at training sites. epidemiologic investigations specified the ecology of possible sites of patient infection. | 2009 | 19891878 |
| hsp70 induced by hantavirus infection interacts with viral nucleocapsid protein and its overexpression suppresses virus infection in vero e6 cells. | hantavirus (htv) infection is known to induce innate cellular response, a more specified cellular response in the host cells. however, whether it stimulates synthesis of stress proteins, particularly associations of viral proteins, is entirely unknown. the primary focus of this research is using vero e6 cells infected with hantaan 76-118 (htnv) as an in vitro infection model to examine the individual contribution of htv infection to heat shock response. this study shows that htnv infection rapid ... | 2009 | 19956449 |
| production and characterization of a recombinant single-chain antibody against hantaan virus envelop glycoprotein. | hantaan virus (htnv) is the type of hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, for which no specific therapeutics are available so far. cell type-specific internalizing antibodies can be used to deliver therapeutics intracellularly to target cell and thus, have potential application in anti-htnv infection. to achieve intracellular delivery of therapeutics, it is necessary to obtain antibodies that demonstrate sufficient cell type-specific binding, internalizing, and desired cellul ... | 2010 | 20012277 |
| infection of in vivo differentiated human mast cells with hantaviruses. | increased vascular permeability is a key feature of the pathological symptoms caused by hantaviruses. here, we analysed the interaction between hantaviruses and mast cells, which regulate vascular homeostasis. in highly purified human skin mast cells increasing amounts of hantaan (htnv) and, to a lower extent, prospect hill (phv) virions were produced. replication was confirmed by the production of viral plus-strand rna as determined by a virus strand-specific rt-pcr. phv but not htnv elicited e ... | 2010 | 20071485 |
| collective immunity of the population from endemic zones of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in kosovo. | hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), also known as mice fever is an acute viral zoonosis and it appears in the natural focus after the human contact with hantaan virus infected mice. the objective (purpose) of this study was to investigate the prevalence of specific antibodies in hfrs, in convalescent persons (collective immunity in endemic hearths). in this project we applied the epidemiological method of studying with retrospective-perspective, the serological method for determination ... | 2009 | 20088164 |
| [construction of a recombinant adenovirus carrying the hantaan virus glycoprotein g2 gene and its expression in hela cells]. | we constructed the recombinant adenovirus expressing the glycoprotein g2 of hantaan virus. firstly we obtained coding gene fragment of g2 by pcr, and subsequently inserted the gene of interest into the adenoviral pshuttle vector pad5-cmv. then we co-transfected the recombinant pshuttle vector and adenovirus skeleton plasmid into hek293 cells by calcium phosphate precipitation method. after the recombinant adenovirus were packaged and amplified in hek293 cells, we observed the expression of repor ... | 2009 | 20112705 |
| pathogenic hantaviruses direct the adherence of quiescent platelets to infected endothelial cells. | hantavirus infections are noted for their ability to infect endothelial cells, cause acute thrombocytopenia, and trigger 2 vascular-permeability-based diseases. however, hantavirus infections are not lytic, and the mechanisms by which hantaviruses cause capillary permeability and thrombocytopenia are only partially understood. the role of beta(3) integrins in hemostasis and the inactivation of beta(3) integrin receptors by pathogenic hantaviruses suggest the involvement of hantaviruses in altere ... | 2010 | 20181715 |
| [comparison on the difference of virulence between hantaan virus and seoul virus isolated both from rattus norvegicus]. | comparing the difference of virulence between the strain cgrn5310 (htnv) and the strain hr54 (seov) isolated both from rattus norvegicus. | 2009 | 20193387 |
| [complete sequence of the m segment of amur virus in rodent from china]. | to study the complete sequence of m segment of amur virus in rodents and to explore their molecular characteristics. | 2009 | 20193388 |
| [association of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hla-drb allele polymorphisms in han nationality, hubei province.]. | to understand the association of human leukocyte antigen (hla)-drb polymorphism and patients diagnosed as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). | 2009 | 20193583 |
| modulation of apoptosis and immune signaling pathways by the hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein. | herein, we show a direct relationship between the hantaan virus (htnv) nucleocapsid (n) protein and the modulation of apoptosis. we observed an increase in caspase-7 and -8, but not -9 in cells expressing htnv n protein mutants lacking amino acids 270-330. similar results were observed for the new world hantavirus, andes virus. nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) was sequestered in the cytoplasm after tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr) stimulation in cells expressing htnv n protein. further, t ... | 2010 | 20227103 |
| hantavirus outbreak associated with laboratory rats in yunnan, china. | an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurred among students in a college (college a) in kunming, yunnan province, china in 2003. subsequent investigations revealed the presence of hantavirus antibodies and antigens in laboratory rats at college a and two other institutions. hantavirus antibodies were detected in 15 additional individuals other than the index case in these three locations. epidemiologic data indicated that the human infections were a result of zoonotic transmissi ... | 2010 | 20380897 |
| hantavirus-like particles generated in cho cells induce specific immune responses in c57bl/6 mice. | a safe and effective hantavirus vaccine is highly desirable since hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and cause an acute and often fatal disease (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, hfrs). virus-like particles (vlps) displaying functional viral proteins could provide effective vaccines against a few viruses, but their ability to induce hantavirus-specific immune response has not been adequately investigated. to measure the immunogenicity of hantaan virus-like particles (htn-vlps) vaccine, ... | 2010 | 20433802 |
| pathogenic hantaviruses andes virus and hantaan virus induce adherens junction disassembly by directing vascular endothelial cadherin internalization in human endothelial cells. | hantaviruses infect endothelial cells and cause 2 vascular permeability-based diseases. pathogenic hantaviruses enhance the permeability of endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). however, the mechanism by which hantaviruses hyperpermeabilize endothelial cells has not been defined. the paracellular permeability of endothelial cells is uniquely determined by the homophilic assembly of vascular endothelial cadherin (ve-cadherin) within adherens junctions, which ... | 2010 | 20463083 |
| a case report of crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with hantaan virus infection. | although various glomerular diseases in hantavirus infection have been reported, an association between hantavirus infection and crescentic glomerulonephritis has not been described. herein, we report a case of immune complex-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in a 70-year-old man with hantaan virus infection. | 2010 | 20466689 |
| the triplet repeats of the sin nombre hantavirus 5' untranslated region are sufficient in cis for nucleocapsid-mediated translation initiation. | hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) can replace the cellular cap-binding complex, eukaryotic initiation factor 4f (eif4f), to mediate translation initiation. although n can augment translation initiation of nonviral mrna, initiation of viral mrna by n is superior. all members of the bunyaviridae family, including the species of the hantavirus genus, express either three or four primary mrnas from their tripartite negative-sense genomes. the 5' ends of the mrnas contain nonviral heterologous olig ... | 2010 | 20573811 |
| alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-independent induction of ifn-lambda1 (interleukin-29) in response to hantaan virus infection. | type iii interferons ([ifns] ifn-lambda and interleukin-28 and -29 [il-28/29]) are recently recognized cytokines with innate antiviral effects similar to those of type i ifns (ifn-alpha/beta). like ifn-alpha/beta, ifn-lambda-expression can be induced by viruses, and it is believed that type i and iii ifns are regulated in the same manner. hantaviruses are weak ifn-alpha/beta inducers and have surprisingly been shown to activate ifn-alpha/beta-independent ifn-stimulated gene (isg) expression. her ... | 2010 | 20592090 |
| confirmation of choclo virus as the cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and high serum antibody prevalence in panama. | choclo virus (chov) was described in sigmodontine rodents, oligoryzomys fulvescens, and humans during an outbreak of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in 1999-2000 in western panama. although hcps is rare, hantavirus-specific serum antibody prevalence among the general population is high suggesting that chov may cause many mild or asymptomatic infections. the goals of this study were to confirm the role of chov in hcps and in the frequently detected serum antibody and to establish the p ... | 2010 | 20648614 |
| real-time rt-pcr of hantaan virus rna used for the detection of virus response to antiviral drugs. | hantaan virus (htn) is an important cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in korea. htn rna can be detected with the rt-pcr and the quantity of htn rna in infected cells can be measured by competitive rt-pcr. the current study used the real-time rt-pcr for the detection of viral rna s gene in a more detailed fashion than in the previous study (nam et al., virus genes 26, 31-38, 2003). a standard curve was generated with serial 10-fold dilutions of the htn rna. the sensitivity of ... | 2008 | 18459839 |
| switch to high-level virus replication and hla class i upregulation in differentiating megakaryocytic cells after infection with pathogenic hantavirus. | hantaan virus (htnv), the prototype member of the hantavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. hemorrhage is due to endothelial barrier damage and a sharp decrease in platelet counts. the mechanisms underlying htnv-associated acute thrombocytopenia have not been elucidated so far. platelets are produced by mature megakaryocytes that develop during megakaryopoiesis. in this study, we show that htnv targets megakaryocytic cells whereas ... | 2010 | 20673746 |
| mixing of m segment dna vaccines to hantaan virus and puumala virus reduces their immunogenicity in hamsters. | to determine if dna vaccines for two hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, hantaan virus and puumala virus, are immunogenic when given in combination, we delivered them to hamsters separately or as mixtures by gene gun or by electroporation. both vaccines elicited neutralizing antibodies when given alone but when they were delivered as a mixture, antibodies to only one of the two hantaviruses could be detected. in contrast, if the dnas were given as separate vaccinations to ... | 2008 | 18482782 |
| hantavirus infections in humans and animals, china. | hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health problem in the people's republic of china. although 7 sero/genotypes of hantaviruses have been found in rodents, only hantaan virus (carried by apodemus agrarius mice) and seoul virus (carried by rattus norvegicus rats) reportedly cause disease in humans. during 1950-2007, a total of 1,557,622 cases of hfrs in humans and 46,427 deaths (3%) were reported in china. hfrs has been reported in 29 of 31 provinces in china. after i ... | 2010 | 20678311 |
| molecular diversity and phylogeny of hantaan virus in guizhou, china: evidence for guizhou as a radiation center of the present hantaan virus. | to gain further insight into the molecular epidemiology of hantaan virus (htnv) in guizhou, china, rodents were captured in this region in 2004 and 2005. in addition, serum samples were collected from four patients. ten hantaviruses were isolated successfully in cell culture from four humans, two apodemus agrarius, three rattus norvegicus and one rattus nitidus. the nucleotide sequences for their small (s), medium (m) and partial large (l) segments were determined. phylogenetic analysis of the s ... | 2008 | 18632971 |
| hantaan virus induces toll-like receptor 4 expression, leading to enhanced production of beta interferon, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | hantaan virus (htnv) infects endothelial cells and is associated with increased vascular permeability during hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the pattern of increased vascular permeability is mediated by immune response. therefore, it is necessary to characterize the mechanism of htnv involvement in the host's innate immune. in this study, the expression of five toll-like receptors (tlrs) was analyzed in endothelial vein cells (evc-304) following htnv infection in vitro. tlr4 showed ... | 2008 | 18707748 |
| serum thrombospondin-1 is altered in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a severe acute viral disease with pathological changes of impaired capillary and small vessels and thrombocytopenia. in this study, serum thrombospondin (tsp)-1 concentration in patients with hfrs was determined to explore its possible role in the pathogenesis of hfrs. the concentration of tsp-1 was measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. significantly decreased levels of serum tsp-1 were observed in hfrs patients at febri ... | 2008 | 18712840 |
| [serological screening in the establishment of the epidemic activity of foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. | | 2005 | 16498958 |
| environmental risk factors for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in a french new epidemic area. | summaryin france, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic along the belgian border. however, this rodent-borne zoonosis caused by the puumala virus has recently spread south to the franche-comté region. we investigated the space-time distribution of hfrs and evaluated the influence of environmental factors that drive the hantavirus reservoir abundance and/or the disease transmission in this area. a scan test clearly indicated space-time clustering, highlighting a single-year (20 ... | 2011 | 20822577 |
| dynamic changes of apoptosis-inducing ligands and th1/th2 like subpopulations in hantaan virus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. | the expression of the apoptosis-inducing ligands, tnf-alpha, fasl and trail on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and the levels of their soluble form (tnf-alpha, sfasl and strail) in plasma from 40 hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) patients as well as 26 healthy blood donors were determined by flow cytometry (fcm) analysis and sandwich elisa, respectively. the status of th1, th2, tc1 and tc2 subsets in pbmc was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining and fcm. compared to ... | 2006 | 16616877 |
| in vivo kinetics and biodistribution of a hantaan virus dna vaccine after intramuscular injection in mice. | to study the kinetics in vivo of a hantaan virus dna vaccine, we constructed a fusion dna vaccine, pegfp/s, by cloning the s segment of hantavirus into the vector, pegfp-c1, which encodes green fluorescent protein egfp. in this report, we provide evidence that pegfp/s was distributed and persistently expressed for more than 60 days in several organs after inoculation. our findings suggest that the persistent immune responses induced by a hantaan virus dna vaccine are likely due to the plasmid pe ... | 2010 | 20960291 |
| [construction and immunogenic study of recombinant adenovirus containing chimeric gene g2s0.7 and ctl epitopes of hantaan virus]. | to express g2 fragment of m segment and 0.7 kb fragment of s segment and several ctl epitopes of s segment in adenovirus expression system and investigate the immunological properties of hantaan virus chimeric gene. | 2010 | 21055343 |
| structural studies of hantaan virus. | hantaan virus is the prototypic member of the hantavirus genus within the family bunyaviridae and is a causative agent of the potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the bunyaviridae are a family of negative-sense rna viruses with three-part segmented genomes. virions are enveloped and decorated with spikes derived from a pair of glycoproteins (gn and gc). here, we present cryo-electron tomography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy studies of hantaan virus virions. we ... | 2010 | 21068243 |
| tracking hantavirus nucleocapsid protein using intracellular antibodies. | hantavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein is a multifunctional viral macromolecule involved in multiple stages of the viral replication cycle. the intracellular trafficking of n protein during virus assembly remains unclear. | 2010 | 21092325 |
| detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, hanta, and sandfly fever viruses by real-time rt-pcr. | the development of sensitive and specific nucleic acid diagnostic assays for viral pathogens is essential for proper medical intervention. this chapter describes four fluorescence-based pcr assays to detect the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchfv), andes (andv), hantaan (hanv), and sandfly fever sicilian (sfsv) viruses. these assays are based on species-specific hydrolysis probes targeting the nucleocapsid protein gene for cchfv and sfsv and the glycoprotein gene for andv and hanv. all four a ... | 2011 | 21116810 |
| phage display mediated immuno-pcr. | immuno-pcr (ipcr) is a powerful detection technology in immunological study and clinical diagnosis due to its ultrasensitivity. here we introduce a new strategy termed phage display mediated immuno-pcr (pd-ipcr). instead of utilization of monoclonal antibody (mab) and chemically bond dna that required in the conventional ipcr, a recombinant phage particle is applied as a ready reagent for ipcr experiment. the surface displayed single chain variable fragment (scfv) and phage dna themselves can di ... | 2006 | 16682441 |
| experience with intravenous ribavirin in the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in korea. | results of a clinical study using intravenous (iv) ribavirin for treating department of defense personnel with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) acquired in korea from 1987 to 2005 were reviewed to determine the clinical course of hfrs treated with iv ribavirin. a total of 38 individuals enrolled in the study had subsequent serological confirmation of hfrs. four of the 38 individuals received three or fewer doses of ribavirin and were excluded from treatment analysis. of the remaining ... | 2009 | 18977392 |
| [participation of murine rodents in circulation of agents of tularemia and hemorrhagic fever in kola peninsula]. | results of virological and bacteriological studies of wild mammals of 11 species from rodentia and cricetidae genuses during epizootic period (spring-autumn 2006-2007) in murmansk region are presented. the number of red-baked mice (clethrionomys) and common vole (microtus) was rising. antigen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus as well as tularemia pathogen were found in background rodent species. | 2008 | 19004288 |
| [simulation of the disease caused by hantaan virus in white mice by a complex of virological, biochemical, and hematological parameters]. | the essence of studies was that the disease is simulated in 12-day albino mice subcutaneously infected with hantaan virus, strain 76-118 in a dose of 10 ld50. as an efficiency index, the study of drugs uses major (death protection coefficient, mean animal lifetime) and auxiliary (virological: pathogen accumulation in the brain tissues of deceased animals) parameters, biochemical (the levels of creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malonic dialdehyde), hematologi ... | 2008 | 19069793 |
| cellular immune response to hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein in the acute phase of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: correlation with disease severity. | the cellular immune response to hantaan virus (htnv) is incompletely understood, especially in humans. | 2009 | 19072554 |