| sars-cov-2 infection in cancer patients: effects on disease outcomes and patient prognosis. | the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) symptoms and outcomes vary immensely among patients. predicting disease progression and managing disease symptoms is even more challenging in cancer patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, often suppress the immune system, rendering cancer patients more susceptible to sars-cov-2 infection and the development of severe complications. ho ... | 2020 | 33167313 |
| covid-19 treatments and pathogenesis including anosmia in k18-hace2 mice. | the ongoing covid-19 pandemic is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. although much has been learned in the first months of the pandemic, many features of covid-19 pathogenesis remain to be determined. for example, anosmia is a common presentation and many patients with this finding show no or only minor respiratory signs1. studies in animals experimentally infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), the cause of covid-19, provide opportunities to ... | 2020 | 33166988 |
| determinants of survival after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in mexican outpatients and hospitalised patients. | this study aimed to evaluate the association of chronic diseases and indigenous ethnicity on the poor prognosis of outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) and hospitalised patients in mexico. | 2020 | 33166857 |
| clinically suspected myocarditis in the course of sars-cov-2 infection: fact or fiction? | cardiac complications, including clinically suspected myocarditis, have been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). here, we review current data on suspected myocarditis in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. hypothetical mechanisms to explain the pathogenesis of troponin release in patients with covid-19 include direct virus-induced myocardial injury (i.e. viral myocarditis), systemic hyper-inflammatory response (i.e. cytokine storm), ... | 2020 | 33166657 |
| a fluorescence-based high throughput-screening assay for the sars-cov rna synthesis complex. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) emergence in 2003 introduced the first serious human coronavirus pathogen to an unprepared world. to control emerging viruses, existing successful anti(retro)viral therapies can inspire antiviral strategies, as conserved viral enzymes (eg., viral proteases and rna-dependent rna polymerases) represent targets of choice. since 2003, much effort has been expended in the characterization of the sars-cov replication/transcription machinery. ... | 2020 | 33166547 |
| a consensus statement for the management and rehabilitation of communication and swallowing function in the icu: a global response to covid-19. | to identify core practices for workforce management of communication and swallowing functions in covid-19 positive patients within the icu. | 2020 | 33166525 |
| comparative effectiveness and safety of antiviral agents for patients with covid-19: protocol for a systematic review and individual-patient data network meta-analysis. | a recent cluster of pneumonia cases in wuhan, china, has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). we propose the protocol described below to perform an individual-patient data (ipd) network meta-analysis (nma) in order to evaluate the efficacies of different antiviral drugs to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). | 2020 | 33166346 |
| modeling the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) on skin, currency, and clothing. | a new coronavirus (sars-cov-2) emerged in the winter of 2019 in wuhan, china, and rapidly spread around the world. the extent and efficiency of sars-cov-2 pandemic is far greater than previous coronaviruses that emerged in the 21st century. here, we modeled stability of sars-cov-2 on skin, paper currency, and clothing to determine if these surfaces may factor in the fomite transmission dynamics of sars-cov-2. skin, currency, and clothing samples were exposed to sars-cov-2 under laboratory condit ... | 2020 | 33166294 |
| covid-19 unfolding filariasis: the first case of sars-cov-2 and wuchereria bancrofti coinfection. | with the evolution of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, the number of patients brought to medical attention has increased. this has led to the unmasking of many coexisting occult infections and comorbidities such as tuberculosis, dengue, human immunodeficiency viral infection, diabetes, and hypertension. we report the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, unveiling the diagnosis of asymptomatic filariasis. a 37-year-old gentleman pr ... | 2020 | 33166283 |
| review of cardiac involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. | coronavirus disease -2019 (covid-19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) with significant cardiovascular implications. although infection with sars-cov-2 is usually mild in children, some children later develop a severe inflammatory disease that can have manifestations similar to toxic shock syndrome or kawasaki disease. this syndrome has been defined by the us centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) as th ... | 2020 | 33166178 |
| covid-19 transmission in a psychiatric long-term care rehabilitation facility: an observational study. | to report the clinical characteristics and transmission rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in a community inpatient long-term care psychiatric rehabilitation facility designed for persons with serious mental illness to provide insight into transmission and symptom patterns and emerging testing protocols, as well as medical complications and prognosis. | 2020 | 33166098 |
| covid-19 in the early postoperative period of liver transplantation: is the outcome really so positive? | we read with interest massoumi et al.'s article(1) regarding 5 patients who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in the early postoperative period of liver transplantation (lt). none of them exhibited severe disease and they all fully recovered, suggesting that covid-19 in the early postoperative period of lt might not be associated with unfavorable outcomes. here, we share our experience with 7 cases, which was not so promising. | 2020 | 33166024 |
| non-severe immunosuppression might be associated with a lower risk of moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in covid-19: a pilot study. | the role of immunosuppression among coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients has not been elucidated and management may be challenging. | 2020 | 33165922 |
| non-covid-19 deaths after social distancing in norway. | lay persons and policy makers have speculated on how national differences in the imposition of social distancing to reduce sars cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection has affected non-covid-19 deaths. no rigorous estimation of the effect appears in the scholarly literature. we use time-series methods to compare non-covid-19 deaths in norway during its 9 weeks of mandated social distancing to those expected from history as well as from non-covid-19 deaths in relatively ... | 2020 | 33165759 |
| effect of hydroxychloroquine on clinical status at 14 days in hospitalized patients with covid-19: a randomized clinical trial. | data on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) are needed. | 2020 | 33165621 |
| breakthrough healthcare technologies in the covid-19 era: a unique opportunity for cardiovascular practitioners and patients. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection, has wreaked havoc globally, challenging the healthcare, economical, technological and social status quo of developing but also developed countries. for instance, the covid-19 scare has reduced timely hospital admissions for st-elevation myocardial infarction in europe and the usa, causing unnecessary deaths and disabilities. while the emergency is still ... | 2020 | 33165308 |
| the single-cell landscape of immunological responses of cd4+ t cells in hiv versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | cd4 t cell loss is the hallmark of uncontrolled hiv-1 infection. strikingly, cd4 t cell depletion is a strong indicator for disease severity in the recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection. we reviewed recent single-cell immune profiling studies in hiv-1 infection and covid-19 to provide critical insight in virus-induced immunopathogenesis. | 2020 | 33165008 |
| inflammatory endotypes of crswnp and responses to covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has quickly become a great public health hazard globally. nasal epithelial cells are an important site for sars-cov-2 infection and replication. the purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (crswnp) and the potential impact of sars-cov-2 infection. | 2020 | 33164997 |
| ace2: evidence of role as entry receptor for sars-cov-2 and implications in comorbidities. | pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) causes coronavirus 19 disease (covid-19) which presents a large spectrum of manifestations with fatal outcomes in vulnerable people over 70-years-old and with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, copd, and smoking status. knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand sars-cov-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. early evidence pointed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) as sars-cov-2 entry ... | 2020 | 33164751 |
| covid-19 during pregnancy and postpartum. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization (who) on march 11, 2020. oxidative stress and its related metabolic syndromes are potential risk factors in the susceptibility to, and severity of covid-19. in concert with the earliest reports of covid-19, obstetricians started to diagnose and treat sars-cov-2 infections during pregnancy ("covid-19-pregnancy"). high ... | 2020 | 33164601 |
| pleural complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): how to safely apply and follow-up with a chest tube during the pandemic? | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a novel coronavirus, affects mainly the pulmonary parenchyma and produces significant morbidity and mortality. during the pandemic, several complications have been shown to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). our goal was to present a series of patients with covid-19 who underwent chest tube placements due to the development of pleural complications and to make suggestions for the insertion and follow-up management of the chest ... | 2020 | 33164094 |
| covid-19-associated encephalitis successfully treated with combination therapy. | acute encephalitis can occur in different viral diseases due to infection of the brain or by an immune mechanism. severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is associated with a major immune inflammatory response with cytokine upregulation including interleukin 6 (il-6). we report a case presenting with acute encephalitis that was diagnosed as having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection with hyperinflammatory systemic response and recovered after therapy w ... | 2020 | 33163956 |
| hereditary haemochromatosis, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and covid-19. | syndromes of iron overload have been shown to increase the risk of severe clinical disease in viral infections. immune dysfunction is similarly described in hereditary haemochromatosis (hh). we present here the case of a 51-year-old man who developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) complicated by suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh). he was found to have hh post-mortem and we propose a link between his iron overload and the development of severe covid-19. | 2020 | 33163955 |
| the cardiac toxicity of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in covid-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. | to systematically review the literature and estimate the risk of chloroquine (cq) and hydroxychloroquine (hcq) cardiac toxicity in covid-19 patients. | 2020 | 33163895 |
| coronavirus disease (covid-19) and africa: acclaimed home remedies. | at last the who declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) now known as covid-19 a pandemic. amidst uncertainty both in the pathophysiology and the management of covid-19, many african countries in the face of either over-stretched or non-existent healthcare infrastructure resorted to home remedies as immediate alternative or first line of action. the present study is a synoptic capture of these home remedies with an attempt to understand the pharmacological basis ... | 2020 | 33163740 |
| genomic exploration light on multiple origin with potential parsimony-informative sites of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in bangladesh. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is a new strain of beta coronavirus that has spread worldwide within a short period of time and has been responsible for the current covid-19 pandemic. this novel virus shows high transmission and adaptability frequency into the host with rapid changes in genomic sequences. in this study, we analyzed the complete genome of 41 strains isolated in bangladesh to understand the evolutionary route and genetic variations of this rapidly evol ... | 2020 | 33163695 |
| a case series and literature review of multiple sclerosis and covid-19: clinical characteristics, outcomes and a brief review of immunotherapies. | in view of the emerging coronavirus pandemic, the demand for knowledge about the impact of sars-cov-2 on people with multiple sclerosis (ms) continues to grow. patients receiving disease modifying therapy (dmt) for ms have a higher background risk of infection-related health care utilization when compared to the general population. therefore, there is a need of evidence-based recommendations to reduce the risk of infection and also managing ms patients with sars-cov-2. | 2020 | 33163634 |
| abnormal saccadic oscillations associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 encephalopathy and ataxia. | | 2020 | 33163571 |
| reversible myoclonus-ataxia as a postinfectious manifestation of covid-19. | | 2020 | 33163570 |
| a fatal course of multiple inflammatory syndrome in children coinfection with dengue. a case report from indonesia. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) or corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) is a currently ongoing global pandemic. children tend to show milder symptoms of infection compared to adults. concurrently, in april 2020, there was reported an escalation of kawasaki cases like disease in children treated in the intensive care unit and showing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) sars cov-2 positive. those children had a hyperinflammatory response, which caused the failure of mu ... | 2020 | 33163360 |
| spontaneous brainstem hemorrhagic stroke in the setting of novel coronavirus disease 2019 - a case report. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and has become a global pandemic. this disease has been shown to affect various organ systems, including the cerebrovascular system with sequelae still not completely uncovered. we present an unusual case of extensive brainstem intraparenchymal hemorrhage in a patient with covid-19 to caution readers of this possible complication in patients positive for covid-19. in this report, we outl ... | 2020 | 33163313 |
| development and implementation of an alternate care site during the covid-19 pandemic. | introduction with the rampant spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and the subsequent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), the need for medical resources has never been greater. in recent history, the deployment of surge medical facilities and their importance in improving the provision of crisis care became relevant. the primary objective of this study was to describe the development and implementation of an alternate care site (acs) during the covi ... | 2020 | 33163303 |
| the progression of sars coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2): mutation in the receptor binding domain of spike gene. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) is a positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). the viral genome encodes twelve genes for viral replication and infection. the third open reading frame is the spike (s) gene that encodes for the spike glycoprotein interacting with specific cell surface receptor - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2) - on the host cell membrane. most recent studies identified a single point mutation in ... | 2020 | 33163249 |
| a review of the progress and challenges of developing a vaccine for covid-19. | a novel coronavirus, which has been designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), was first detected in december 2019 in wuhan china and causes the highly infectious disease referred to as covid-19. covid-19 has now spread worldwide to become a global pandemic affecting over 24 million people as of august 26th, 2020 and claimed the life of more than 800,000 people worldwide. covid-19 is asymptomatic for some individuals and for others it can cause symptoms ranging f ... | 2020 | 33163000 |
| a novel in-cell elisa assay allows rapid and automated quantification of sars-cov-2 to analyze neutralizing antibodies and antiviral compounds. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is currently the most pressing medical and socioeconomic challenge. constituting important correlates of protection, the determination of virus-neutralizing antibodies (nabs) is indispensable for convalescent plasma selection, vaccine candidate evaluation, and immunity certificates. in contrast to standard serological elisas, plaque reduction neutralization tests (prnts) are laborio ... | 2020 | 33162987 |
| targeting neutrophils to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome in coronavirus disease. | this review describes targeting neutrophils as a potential therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). neutrophil counts are significantly elevated in patients with covid-19 and significantly correlated with disease severity. the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can serve as a clinical marker for predicting fatal complications related to ar ... | 2020 | 33162887 |
| traveling for heart transplantation and returning with covid-19: a logistical, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic challenge from the middle east. | heart transplantation (ht) has become a standard option for patients with end-stage heart failure (hf). however, the scarcity of donor availability remains a major hurdle for receiving this novel therapy, especially in the context of the rapidly spreading severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2; covid-19) pandemic. we report the case of a patient in the united arab emirates (uae) with advanced hf who was glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient and had a history of type 2 ... | 2020 | 33162750 |
| stability analysis in covid-19 within-host model with immune response. | the 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19) is now a global pandemic. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative pathogen of covid-19. here, we study an in-host model that highlights the effector t cell response to sars-cov-2. the stability of a unique positive equilibrium point, with viral load v*, suggests that the virus may replicate fast enough to overcome t cell response and cause infection. this overcoming is the bifurcation point, near which the orders of ma ... | 2020 | 33162723 |
| could bronchial artery embolization be a modality for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2? | | 2020 | 33162308 |
| covid-19 in pregnancy and the puerperium: a review for emergency physicians. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is a novel virus responsible for causing the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (covid-19). | 2020 | 33162266 |
| flow-mediated susceptibility and molecular response of cerebral endothelia to sars-cov-2 infection. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) infection is associated with an increased rate of cerebrovascular events including ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. the mechanisms underlying cerebral endothelial susceptibility and response to sars-cov-2 are unknown yet critical to understanding the association of sars-cov-2 infection with cerebrovascular events. | 2020 | 33161843 |
| a comprehensive review on sarilumab in covid-19. | introduction: the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or sars-cov-2), continues to spread all around the world. despite the emergency of covid-19 worldwide, remdesivir is the only treatment that has been recently approved to treat the diseases, and other effective therapies are still lacking. sars-cov-2 may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. based on available data, there is an association ... | 2020 | 33161757 |
| interpretation of laboratory tests for prevention of the sars-cov-2 transmission. | with the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), medical providers should take care to prevent the transmission of sars-cov-2 in hospitals including super-spreading. understanding super-spreading would be useful to reduce future transmission. some publications have shown clusters of sars-cov-2 such as at choir practice and in hospitals. aerosol can be considered as a primary transmission route. as sars-cov-2 stability in aerosol is similar to sars-cov-1 with the h ... | 2020 | 33161443 |
| retrospective post-mortem sars-cov-2 rt-pcr of autopsies with covid-19-suggestive pathology supports the absence of lethal community spread in basel, switzerland, before february 2020. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has rapidly spread around the world. while the first case was recorded in hubei in december 2019, the extent of early community spread in central europe before this period is unknown. a high proportion of asymptomatic cases and undocumented infections, high transmissibility, and phylogenetic genomic diversity have engendered the controversial possibility of early international community spr ... | 2020 | 33161409 |
| endothelial dysfunction in covid-19: current findings and therapeutic implications. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) increases the risk of several non-pulmonary complications such as acute myocardial injury, renal failure or thromboembolic events. a possible unifying explanation for these phenomena may be the presence of profound endothelial dysfunction and injury. this review provides an overview on the association of endothelial dysfunction with covid-19 and its therapeutic implications. endothelial dysfunction is a common feature of the key comorbidities that increase ris ... | 2020 | 33161318 |
| covid-19 update: the race to therapeutic development. | the covid-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), represents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. at the time of this review, covid-19 has been diagnosed in over 40 million cases and associated with 1.1 million deaths worldwide. current management strategies for covid-19 are largely supportive, and while there are more than 2000 interventional clinical trials registered with the u.s. national library of medicine (clinicaltrials.gov), re ... | 2020 | 33161277 |
| dutch oncology covid-19 consortium: outcome of covid-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study. | patients with cancer might have an increased risk for severe outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). to identify risk factors associated with a worse outcome of covid-19, a nationwide registry was developed for patients with cancer and covid-19. | 2020 | 33161241 |
| neuroimaging findings of brain mri and ct in patients with covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | to comprehensively evaluate the incidences of abnormal neuroimaging findings in patients with covid-19 via a systematic review and meta-analysis. | 2020 | 33161199 |
| dental anxiety, fear, and root canal treatment monitoring of heart rate, and oxygen saturation in patients treated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic: an observational clinical study. | the present study aimed to evaluate anxiety in patients and to monitor their heart rate (hr) and blood oxygenation (spo2) before, during, and after a root canal treatment (rct) during the state of alarm in two different periods of strict and partial confinement. | 2020 | 33161001 |
| general anxiety in the dental staff and hemodynamic changes during endodontists' workday in the covid-19 pandemic: a prospective longitudinal study. | to assess general anxiety levels in endodontists and dental assistants related to different conditions during the pandemic and lockdown, and to evaluate hemodynamic changes in endodontists' heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygenation during their workday. | 2020 | 33160999 |
| evidence-based treatment during the sars-cov-2 pandemic: identifying the knowns and unknowns of nebulization. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), which causes coronavirus 19 (covid-19), has resulted in a worldwide pandemic and currently represents a major public health issue. among the considerations for patients with respiratory disease is the optimal delivery of inhaled bronchodilators to maximize patient care. despite the lack of evidence, there is heightened concern about the potential risk for transmission of sars-cov-2 in the form of aerosolized respiratory droplets durin ... | 2020 | 33160867 |
| first performance report of qiareach™ anti-sars-cov-2 total test, an innovative nanoparticle fluorescence digital detection platform. | in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) caused a global pandemic. disease diagnosis, appropriate clinical management and infection control are all important factors in controlling the spread of sars-cov-2. the qiareach™ anti-sars-cov-2 total test (anti-cov2) is a rapid, qualitative serological test, using proprietary nanoparticle fluorescence technology to detect total antibody (iga, igm, and igg) against sars-cov-2. here we report the results of the us food and dru ... | 2020 | 33160178 |
| effectiveness of contact tracing and quarantine on reducing covid-19 transmission: a retrospective cohort study. | contact tracing and quarantine are common measures used in the management of infectious disease outbreaks. however, few studies have measured their impact on the control of the covid-19 pandemic. this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of those measures on reducing transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a community setting. | 2020 | 33160088 |
| discovery of cyclic sulfonamide derivatives as potent inhibitors of sars-cov-2. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) continues to spread worldwide, with 25 million confirmed cases and 800 thousand deaths. effective treatments to target sars-cov-2 are urgently needed. in the present study, we have identified a class of cyclic sulfonamide derivatives as novel sars-cov-2 inhibitors. compound 13c of the synthesized compounds exhibited robust inhibitory activity (ic50 = 0.88 μm) against sars-cov-2 without cytotoxicity (cc50 > 25 μm), with a selectivity in ... | 2020 | 33160024 |
| sars-cov-2: comparative analysis of different rna extraction methods. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the etiologic agent of the covid-19 pandemic. although other diagnostic methods have been introduced, detection of viral genes on oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse-transcription real time-pcr (rrt-pcr) assays is still the gold standard. efficient viral rna extraction is a prerequisite for downstream performance of rrt-pcr assays. currently, several automatic methods that include rna extraction are available. however, due to t ... | 2020 | 33160015 |
| differences of sars-cov-2 serological test performance between hospitalized and outpatient covid-19 cases. | serological severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) antibody assays differ in the target antigen specificity, e.g. of antibodies directed against the viral spike or the nucleocapsid protein, and in the spectrum of detected immunoglobulins. the aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of two different routinely used immunoassays in hospitalized and outpatient covid-19 cases. | 2020 | 33159952 |
| a clinic blueprint for post-covid-19 recovery: learning from the past, looking to the future. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic poses extraordinary challenges. the tremendous number of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) cases in the united states has resulted in a large population of survivors with prolonged post-infectious symptoms. the creation of multidisciplinary post-covid-19 clinics to address both persistent symptoms and potential long-term complications requires an understanding of the acute disease and the emerging data regarding covid-19 ... | 2020 | 33159907 |
| usefulness of lung ultrasound follow-up in patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019. | coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which tends to be mild. even in these cases, our understanding is still incomplete, particularly regarding its sequelae and long-term outcomes. we describe 3 recovered patients who had coronavirus disease 2019, with long-persisting symptoms after recovery, in whom chest computed tomographic and concurrent lung ultrasound examinations were performed. it is possible to correlate the findings from lung ... | 2020 | 33159704 |
| humanized covid-19 decoy antibody effectively blocks viral entry and prevents sars-cov-2 infection. | to circumvent the devastating pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection, a humanized decoy antibody (ace2-fc fusion protein) was designed to target the interaction between viral spike protein and its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). first, we demonstrated that ace2-fc could specifically abrogate virus replication by blocking the entry of sars-cov-2 spike-expressing pseudotyped virus into both ace2-expressing lung cells and ... | 2020 | 33159417 |
| covid-19 and liver disease: not all evil comes to harm. | we read with interest the report published in liver international by colaneri et al. who presented a case of acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection occurring during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), highlighting how difficult can be disentangling the responsibility of liver enzyme alteration in a patient with covid-19, and more importantly how treatment decisions can be affected by both liver disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. | 2020 | 33159405 |
| long-term modeling of sars-cov-2 infection of in vitro cultured polarized human airway epithelium. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) replicates throughout human airways. the polarized human airway epithelium (hae) cultured at an airway-liquid interface (hae-ali) is an in vitro model mimicking the in vivo human mucociliary airway epithelium and supports the replication of sars-cov-2. prior studies characterized only short-period sars-cov-2 infection in hae. in this study, continuously monitoring the sars-cov-2 infection in hae-ali cultures for a long period of up to ... | 2020 | 33158999 |
| tissue-resident cd8+ t cells drive age-associated chronic lung sequelae after viral pneumonia. | lower respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections, often cause severe viral pneumonia in aged individuals. here, we report that influenza viral pneumonia leads to chronic nonresolving lung pathology and exacerbated accumulation of cd8+ tissue-resident memory t cells (trm) in the respiratory tract of aged hosts. trm cell accumulation relies on elevated tgf-β present in aged tissues. further, we show that trm cells isolated f ... | 2020 | 33158975 |
| the sars-cov-2 conserved macrodomain is a mono-adp-ribosylhydrolase. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and other sars-related covs encode 3 tandem macrodomains within non-structural protein 3 (nsp3). the first macrodomain, mac1, is conserved throughout covs, and binds to and hydrolyzes mono-adp-ribose (mar) from target proteins. mac1 likely counters host-mediated anti-viral adp-ribosylation, a posttranslational modification that is part of the host response to viral infections. mac1 is essential for pathogenesis in multiple animal model ... | 2020 | 33158944 |
| perioperative sars-cov-2 infections increase mortality, pulmonary complications, and thromboembolic events: a dutch, multicenter, matched-cohort clinical study. | a direct comparison of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive patients with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 negative control group undergoing an operative intervention during the current pandemic is lacking, and a reliable estimate of the assumed difference in morbidity and mortality between both patient categories remains unknown. | 2020 | 33158548 |
| containment of a covid-19 outbreak in an inpatient geriatric psychiatry unit. | the first known covid-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility in the united states was identified on february 28, 2020, in king county, washington. that facility became the initial u.s. epicenter of the covid-19 pandemic when they discovered 129 cases associated with the outbreak (81 residents, 34 staff members, and 14 visitors) and 23 persons died. the vulnerability of the elderly population, shared living and social spaces, suboptimal infection control practices, and prolonged contact between ... | 2020 | 33158374 |
| maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with suspected covid-19 and their relationship with a negative rt-pcr result. | this study was designed to examine maternal-perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) according to the result of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) test and to investigate possible variables that could be useful for predicting a negative rt-pcr result. participants of this retrospective cohort study were obstetrics patients with suspected covid-19 who underwent an rt-pcr test in a tertiary hospital in madrid, spain. ... | 2020 | 33158175 |
| rapid high-yield production of functional sars-cov-2 receptor binding domain by viral and non-viral transient expression for pre-clinical evaluation. | vaccine design strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) are focused on the spike protein or its subunits as the main antigen target of neutralizing antibodies. in this work, we propose rapid production methods of an extended segment of the spike receptor binding domain (rbd) in hek293sf cells cultured in suspension, in serum-free media, as a major component of a covid-19 subunit vaccine under development. the expression of rbd, engineered with a sortase-rec ... | 2020 | 33158147 |
| covid-19 emergency management: from the reorganization of the endoscopy service to the verification of the reprocessing efficacy. | microbiological surveillance carried out in order to verify the effectiveness of endoscope reprocessing does not include the research of viruses, although endoscopes may be associated with the transmission of viral infections. this paper reports the experience of the university hospital of pisa in managing the risk from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) during an endoscopy. a review of the reprocessing procedure was conducted to assess whether improvement actions were ... | 2020 | 33158126 |
| threading the pieces together: integrative perspective on sars-cov-2. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has challenged the research community globally to innovate, interact, and integrate findings across hierarchies. research on sars-cov-2 has produced an abundance of data spanning multiple parallels, including clinical data, sars-cov-2 genome architecture, host response captured through transcriptome and genetic variants, microbial co-infections (metagenome), and comorbidities. disease phenotypes in the case of covid-19 pre ... | 2020 | 33158051 |
| efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: a protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral infection resulting in corona virus disease 2019 (covid-19) disease has recently been designated by the world health organization as a global pandemic. some doctors are using convalescent plasma (cp) therapies to treat covid-19 patients. however, whether cp therapy is effective for children with covid-19 remains controversial. therefore, this study further explores the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immune cp in the treatment o ... | 2020 | 33157910 |
| covid-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities. | the emergence of a new coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) - has resulted in a global pandemic. the associated coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has resulted in a high number of death worldwide. observational studies and case reports have provided insights that older age and the presence of chronic diseases is frequently associated with a higher covid-19 severity. these individuals also seem to have a higher risk of mortality due to covid-19. in this revi ... | 2020 | 33157558 |
| immunopathological similarities between covid-19 and influenza: investigating the consequences of co-infection. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been a global public health emergency since december 2019, and so far, more than 980,000 people (until september 24, 2020) around the world have died. sars-cov-2 mimics the influenza virus regarding methods and modes of transmission, clinical features, related immune responses, and seasonal coincidence. accordingly, co-infection by these viruses is imaginable because some studies have r ... | 2020 | 33157216 |
| β-coronaviruses use lysosomes for egress instead of the biosynthetic secretory pathway. | β-coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped rna viruses that includes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2). much is known regarding their cellular entry and replication pathways, but their mode of egress remains uncertain. using imaging methodologies and virus-specific reporters, we demonstrate that β-coronaviruses utilize lysosomal trafficking for egress rather than the biosynthetic secretory pathway more commonly used by other enveloped viruses. this u ... | 2020 | 33157038 |
| absence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in ocular postmortem studies. | | 2020 | 33157002 |
| a network medicine approach to investigation and population-based validation of disease manifestations and drug repurposing for covid-19. | the global coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has led to unprecedented social and economic consequences. the risk of morbidity and mortality due to covid-19 increases dramatically in the presence of coexisting medical conditions, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. furthermore, there are no approved therapies for covid-19. this study aims to identify sars-cov-2 pathogenesis, disease manifestations, and ... | 2020 | 33156843 |
| fast-track ruling in/out sars-cov-2 infection with rapid 0/1.5 h molecular test in patients with acute coronary syndromes. | patients with acute coronary syndrome (acs) often arrive in the catheterization (cath) lab directly from the field or an emergency department without an accurate triage for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection.although in the pandemic period the treatment in the cath laboratory of high-risk acs should not be delayed because the operators wear special protection systems, the subsequent risk of contagion in a non-covid coronary care unit could be high in the case ... | 2020 | 33156158 |
| improving hepatitis b virus vaccination responses in inflammatory bowel disease: does greater dose and greater frequency lead to greater protection? | prevention of hepatitis b (hbv) infection is particularly important for patients with inflammatory bowel disease because of risks of hbv reactivation on immunosuppressive therapies. however, immune responses to standard hbv vaccination regimens are suboptimal. chaparro et al. compared immune responses to 2 vaccines, an adjuvanted hbv vaccine (fendrix) and double-dosed standard vaccine (engerix-b) using an accelerated, 4-dose regimen (0, 1, 2, and 6 months). although the study did not demonstrate ... | 2020 | 33156097 |
| covid purpura (toes) case series: a chilblains-like vasculopathy. | biopsies were taken from 4 patients who presented to their dermatologist with violaceous papules and plaques of the dorsal toes (covid toes) associated with varying degrees of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure and covid-19 testing. major histopathologic findings were lymphocytic eccrine inflammation and a spectrum of vasculopathic findings to include superficial and deep angiocentric-perivascular lymphocytic inflammation, lymphocytes in vessel walls (lymphocytic vasculitis ... | 2020 | 33156022 |
| predictors of disease severity and outcome of hospitalized renal transplant recipients with covid-19 infection: a systematic review of a globally representative sample. | covid-19 presents a special challenge to the kidney transplant population. | 2020 | 33155999 |
| risk factors for mortality in 220 patients with covid-19 in wuhan, china: a single-center, retrospective study. | an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection occurred in wuhan, china, in december 2019. to date, the analysis of fatal cases and the risk factors for death have rarely been reported. | 2020 | 33155834 |
| a new lung ultrasound protocol able to predict worsening in patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection can generate severe pneumonia associated with high mortality. a bedside lung ultrasound (lus) examination has been shown to have a potential role in this setting. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of a new lus protocol (evaluation of 14 anatomic landmarks, with graded scores of 0-3) in patients with sars-cov-2 pneumonia and the association of lus patterns with clinical or laboratory find ... | 2020 | 33155689 |
| identification and characterization of novel rdrp and nsp15 inhibitors for sars-cov2 using computational approach. | the world health organization has declared covid-19 as a global health emergency. covid-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) and highlights an urgent need for therapeutics. here, we have employed a series of computer-aided drug repurposing campaign to discover inhibitors of rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) and nsp15/endou. subsequently, md simulation has been performed to observe dynamic behavior of identified leads at the active site of rdrp and nsp15. ... | 2020 | 33155531 |
| computationally validated sars-cov-2 ctl and htl multi-patch vaccines, designed by reverse epitomics approach, show potential to cover large ethnically distributed human population worldwide. | the sars-cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is responsible for the covid-19 outbreak. the highly contagious covid-19 disease has spread to 216 countries in less than six months. though several vaccine candidates are being claimed, an effective vaccine is yet to come. a novel reverse epitomics approach, 'overlapping-epitope-clusters-to-patches' method is utilized to identify the antigenic regions from the sars-cov-2 proteome. these antigenic regions are named as 'ag-patch or ... | 2020 | 33155524 |
| saporin, a polynucleotide-adenosine nucleosidase, may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for sars-cov-2 infection. | saporin, a type i ribosome-inactivating protein from soapwort plant, is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor. catalytically, saporin is a characteristic n-glycosidase, and it depurinates a specific adenine residue from a universally conserved loop of the major ribosomal rna (rrna) of eukaryotic cells. it is well-known that saporin induces apoptosis through different pathways, including ribotoxic stress response, cell signal transduction, genomic dna fragmentation and rna abasic lyase (ralyase) a ... | 2020 | 33155515 |
| enhanced expression of ace2 in psoriatic skin and its upregulation in keratinocytes by interferon-gamma: implication of inflammatory milieu in skin tropism of sars-cov-2. | the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) is a challenging situation globally due to its contagion nature. sars-cov-2 enters the host cell by interacting with the ace2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) receptor present on cell surface through its receptor-binding domain (rbd) of spike protein (1). host proteases mainly tmprss2 plays a vital role in cleaving the sars-cov-2 spike protein thereby enabling the virus to en ... | 2020 | 33155280 |
| living with coronavirus (covid-19): a brief report. | the world will never be the same after the current covid-19 pandemic. we may have to live with the coronavirus for a long time. the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic has resulted in a major burden on the global health system and economy. this report describes the current covid-19 landscape and its socioeconomic implications. despite the concerns for second waves of infection, gradual lifting of lockdown restrictions has occurred worldwide to relieve economic p ... | 2020 | 33155254 |
| variable performance in 6 commercial sars-cov-2 antibody assays may affect convalescent plasma and seroprevalence screening. | serologic detection of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is needed for definition of convalescent plasma donors, for confounding sars-cov-2 presentation, and for seroprevalence studies. reliable serologic assays with independent validation are required. | 2020 | 33155015 |
| the structure of the membrane protein of sars-cov-2 resembles the sugar transporter semisweet. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is responsible for the disease covid-19 that has decimated the health and economy of our planet. the virus causes the disease not only in people but also in companion and wild animals. people with diabetes are at risk of the disease. as yet we do not know why the virus has been highly successful in causing the pandemic within 3 months of its first report. the structural proteins of sars include membrane glycoprotein (m), envelope prote ... | 2020 | 33154981 |
| onset of ketosis-prone diabetes in the setting of covid-19 infection. | diabetic ketoacidosis is typically associated with type i diabetes mellitus, but it can be associated with type ii diabetes mellitus under the conditions of extreme stress or as a presenting manifestation of ketosis-prone type ii diabetes mellitus. a 38-year-old prediabetic male presented to the emergency room with hyperglycemia six weeks after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pneumonia. laboratory results showed severe hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, positive ketones in urin ... | 2020 | 33154847 |
| medical education, pre- and post-pandemic era: a review article. | a pandemic is the worldwide outbreak and spread of a disease. although pandemics of influenza have occurred rarely, approximately once every few decades in more than three centuries, the outbreaks of h1n1 and h5n1 influenza, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), and most recently, the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), have necessitated the institution of protective and preventive measures such as school closure an ... | 2020 | 33154845 |
| elevated exhaustion levels of nk and cd8+ t cells as indicators for progression and prognosis of covid-19 disease. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) induced coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) has posed a global threat to public health. the immune system is crucial in defending and eliminating the virus and infected cells. however, immune dysregulation may result in the rapid progression of covid-19. here, we evaluated the subsets, phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural killer (nk) and t cells in patients with covid-19 and their associations with disease severity. | 2020 | 33154753 |
| coronavirus proteins as ion channels: current and potential research. | coronavirus (cov) outbreaks have recently emerged as a global public health threat due to their exceptional zoonotic potential - a feature arising from their ability to infect a diverse range of potential hosts combined with their high capacity for mutation and recombination. after severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) cov-1 in 2003 and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cov in 2012, with the current sars-cov-2 pandemic we are now in the midst of the third deadly international cov outbre ... | 2020 | 33154751 |
| clinical characteristics, predictors of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 and duration of hospitalisation in a cohort of 632 patients in lagos state, nigeria. | the clinical spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection is still evolving. this study describes the clinical characteristics and investigates factors that predict symptomatic presentation and duration of hospitalisation in a cohort of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients managed in lagos, nigeria. | 2020 | 33154280 |
| routine slit lamp examination procedures: a risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection to eye care professionals. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), a highly infectious coronavirus, has been rapidly spreading after its surge in china in december 2019. it is currently a global pandemic. a myriad of transmission routes have been documented, however established thus far, are respiratory droplet, contact and airborne transmissions. susceptible persons at proximity, usually within 1-2 m, to infected persons are largely at risk of being infected. unfortunately, health workers usually ev ... | 2020 | 33154277 |
| covid-19: a review of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions. | covid-19, a highly infectious disease, caused by a novel virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has brought about an unprecedented threat to global health. first reported in wuhan, china, in december 2019, it has now spread to all continents of the world becoming a pandemic. there is no known treatment or vaccine for it although many candidate drugs and vaccines are in various clinical trial phases. for now, non-pharmacological interventions (npis) have become t ... | 2020 | 33154276 |
| analysis of multi-sample pools in the detection of sars-cov-2 rna for mass screening: an indian perspective. | in the current covid-19 crisis, many national healthcare systems are confronted with a huge demand for mass testing and an acute shortage of diagnostic resources. considering group testing as a viable solution, this pilot study was carried out to find the maximum number of samples that can be pooled together to accurately detect one positive sample carrying the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 viral rna from different pools. we made different pool sizes ranging from 5 to 30 sample ... | 2020 | 33154262 |
| effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on covid-19 virological outcomes: an updated meta-analysis. | as anti-malarial drugs have been found to inhibit corona viruses in vitro, studies have evaluated the effect of these drugs incovid-19 infection. we conducted an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials and observational studies published till june 2020. patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (covid-19) infection were included. the drugs used in the intervention group are chloroquine (cq)/hydroxychloroquine ... | 2020 | 33154234 |
| paediatric covid-19 and the gut. | although children with novel coronavirus infection (covid-19) typically present with fever and respiratory symptoms, some children have reported gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms including vomiting and diarrhoea during the course of the disease. the continuous positive detection of the viral rna from faeces in children even after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative suggests that the gi tract may shed virus and a tentative faecal-oral transmission. the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 re ... | 2020 | 33154233 |
| convalescent plasma - is it useful for treating sars co-v2 infection? | the world is challenged with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic. although preventive measures such as social distancing, personal protective equipment and isolation would decrease the spread of the infection, a definitive treatment is still under way. antivirals, immunisation, convalescent plasma (cp) and many more modalities are under trial, and there has been no definite answer to the management of covid-19 infection. all patients so far have received the ... | 2020 | 33154232 |
| steps, implementation and importance of quality management in diagnostic laboratories with special emphasis on coronavirus disease-2019. | a well-established and functional quality management system is an integral part of any diagnostic laboratory. it assures the reliability and standards of the laboratory function. a pandemic situation such as that caused by the influenza h1n1 2009 virus or the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) increases the demands on the public health system, and the need to build, upgrade and expand the number of diagnostic laboratories. the coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) pa ... | 2020 | 33154231 |