| health surveillance of cattle in the vicinity of a chemical industrial complex. | following allegations of environmental contamination, a scheme for the surveillance of animal health on dairy farms in the vicinity of a large complex of chemical industries in the region of cork harbour was initiated in 1991. multidisciplinary investigations were undertaken as a result of unusual incidents of animal ill-health or decreased productivity, and an explosion and fire at one of the industrial plants. there was no evidence that exposure to environmental pollutants caused variations in ... | 1998 | 9795400 |
| combined outbreak of the genital and conjunctival forms of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in a uk dairy herd. | | 1998 | 9854320 |
| the epidemiology of salmonella typhimurium in cattle: plasmid profile analysis of definitive phage type (dt) 204c. | during the period 1979-1991, salmonella typhimurium dt 204c was the cause of a major epidemic of salmonellosis in calves in the uk. plasmid profile analysis of dt 204c isolates from england and wales commenced in 1986 and isolates from all subsequent incidents were examined by this technique. forty-three different plasmid profile types (ppts) were detected, of which the commonest, designated type e, constituted 44.6-80.2% of the annual incidents during the study period. some ppts, e.g., f and p, ... | 1998 | 9879966 |
| declining risk from beef on the bone. | | 1998 | 9881439 |
| incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds in england. | the annual incidence of clinical mastitis was measured in 144 holstein/friesian dairy herds in england (average size 132 cows) during 1994, 1995 and 1996 by means of carefully defined mastitis indices. the mean annual incidence of the disease over the three-year period was 43.4 quarter-cases per 100 cows, and the disease affected 25.9 per cent of the cows in the herds, with 1.6 quarter-cases per affected cow. in terms of cow-cases, the mean incidence was 39.9 cases per 100 cows in the herd and h ... | 1998 | 9885128 |
| geographical distribution of variant cjd in the uk (excluding northern ireland). | the agent that causes variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (variant cjd) is indistinguishable from the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). the transmission route by which human beings are infected has not been established. one hypothesis is that cases of variant cjd have resulted from exposure to the bse agent via rendering plants involved in the production of meat and bone meal, the main vehicle of the bse epidemic. | 1999 | 10023945 |
| fluke and roundworm infestations could be 'major problems' this winter. | | 1999 | 10028581 |
| iron supplemented formula milk related to reduction in psychomotor decline in infants from inner city areas: randomised study. | to compare the effect of unmodified cows' milk and iron supplemented formula milk on psychomotor development in infants from inner city areas when used as the main milk source. | 1999 | 10074011 |
| quantifying the risks of tb infection to cattle posed by badger excreta. | despite strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that the main route of tb transmission from badgers to cattle is via contaminated badger excreta, it is unclear whether the associated risks are high enough to account for the prevalence of the disease in south-west england. to decide whether this was a viable route of transmission, cattle contact with badger excreta was investigated using a deterministic approach to quantify the risks to cattle posed by badger excreta. levels of investigative an ... | 1999 | 10098801 |
| mortality from dementia in occupations at risk of exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy: analysis of death registrations. | | 1999 | 10205102 |
| vtec o157 phage type 21/28 infection in north cumbria: update. | | 1999 | 10209910 |
| cluster of vcjd cases in kent and its importance. | | 1999 | 10218550 |
| cluster of vcjd cases in kent and its importance. | | 1999 | 10218551 |
| cluster of vcjd cases in kent and its importance. | | 1999 | 10218552 |
| cluster of vcjd cases in kent and its importance. | | 1999 | 10218553 |
| herd-specific and age-specific seroprevalence of neospora caninum in 14 british dairy herds. | all the cattle in 14 dairy herds in england were tested for neospora caninum-specific antibodies with a commercial elisa. three of the herds had had sporadic abortions, eight had had endemic abortions and three had had epidemic abortions associated with n caninum before the study. of 4295 cattle tested, 17.1 per cent were seropositive and the herd-specific prevalence ranged from 7.3 per cent to 44.8 per cent. no significant effect of either herd size (p = 0.988), endemic (p = 0.869) or epidemic ... | 1999 | 10371011 |
| prevalence of antibodies to coxiella burnetii (q fever) in bulk tank milk in england and wales. | in the united kingdom, the infection of people with coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, is of significant public health importance and is associated with contact with dairy cattle. an elisa was developed for the detection of igg antibodies against c burnetii in bulk tank milk, and in a survey of randomly selected samples from dairy herds in england and wales, 21 per cent showed serological evidence of c burnetii infection. | 1999 | 10378278 |
| bovine tuberculosis. | | 1999 | 10378292 |
| outbreak of escherichia coli o157 infection associated with a music festival. | seven persons who attended the glastonbury music festival were infected with vero cytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 and an eighth person had serological evidence of infection. cases were reported from different parts of england. patients were interviewed by telephone about clinical symptoms, festival attendance, camping details, food history, water exposure, and contact with mud and animals. the interviews identified no common food source, differing use of water sources and widely disper ... | 1999 | 10385018 |
| microbiological investigation of halal butchery products and butchers' premises. | halal butchers' premises were investigated as they had not been represented in a recent study of butchery products and butchers' premises conducted by the local authorities coordinating body on food and trading standards and the phls. this study examined 183 raw prepared meats and 212 environmental samples from 105 halal butcher premises. only raw meats were prepared on 97 of the premises visited; and the types of meat prepared on the remaining eight premises was not specified. four halal butche ... | 1999 | 10402745 |
| nematode control practices and anthelmintic resistance in dairy calves in the south west of england. | a postal survey of worming practices on west country dairy farms was undertaken and farmers were requested to send faecal samples for nematode egg counts. the majority of the farmers who responded had a nematode control policy which was based on a mixture of anthelmintics and pasture rotation. sixty-five per cent turned out calves on to the same paddock each year and 57 per cent treated their stock with anthelmintics during the second year. ninety farms submitted samples for analysis but only 16 ... | 1999 | 10404603 |
| health risks of genetically modified foods. | | 1999 | 10406385 |
| osteochondrosis in bull beef cattle following lack of dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation. | | 1999 | 10499859 |
| genetic typing of bovine pestiviruses from england and wales. | using rna purified directly from stored clinical specimens, a collection of 62 pestiviruses were typed by rt-pcr and sequencing within the 5'-untranslated region of the genome. all the specimens had been obtained in 1966/1967 from diary cattle in england and wales. eight further pestiviruses, grown in cell culture, were characterised in the same way. seven of these viruses were representatives of a panel of british isolates, obtained from cattle ten years before. the eighth was the virus used in ... | 1999 | 10535769 |
| peer-reviewed articles and public health: the mad cow affair in italian newspapers. | it has been suggested that early announcements of research works to be published in peer-reviewed journals may diminish newsworthiness of scientific articles, but this issue has not been widely studied. | 1998 | 9676687 |
| maternal transmission of bse: interpretation of the data on the offspring of bse-affected pedigree suckler cows. | | 1998 | 9634708 |
| postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: the wessex experience. | surgical repair of a postinfarct ventricular septal defect (vsd) remains a difficult surgical challenge associated with a significant operative mortality. between 1972 and 1995, 179 patients with a postinfarct vsd have undergone operation in this institution. there were 118 males and 61 females, with a mean age of 66 years (range 43 to 80). operative mortality was 26.7%. surgery was deferred until 1 month after the septal rupture in 29 patients, with these labeled as having a chronic vsd. the re ... | 1998 | 9620458 |
| studies of the presence of verocytotoxic escherichia coli o157 in bovine faeces submitted for diagnostic purposes in england and wales and on beef carcases in abattoirs in the united kingdom. | a survey of beef carcases in abattoirs in the uk was carried out in order to estimate the prevalence of contamination with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serogroup o157. contamination with verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec) o157 was confirmed in 0.47% of the 4067 (95% confidence limits 0.22-1.00%) of neck muscle samples. a significant tendency for carcases present in the same abattoir on the same day to have similar results was found, thus suggesting cross contamination. vte ... | 1998 | 9593489 |
| prevalence of lice on dairy cattle in england and the bordering counties of wales. | a postal questionnaire was used to collect information on the prevalence of lice on cattle on a random sample of dairy farms in england and the bordering counties of wales. replies were received from 1040 (52.8 per cent) of the 1970 farms which were mailed. fifty per cent of farmers reported having ever seen or suspected lice in their herds and 29 per cent reported possible infestations in the winter of 1996/97. visits were made to 24 farms in the south west of england during february 1998. twel ... | 1999 | 10573191 |
| study of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt104 on dairy farms. | | 1999 | 10573198 |
| depressed state of the livestock sector reflected in submissions to the vla. | | 1999 | 10574270 |
| the norway rat as a reservoir host of cryptosporidium parvum. | the potential of norway rats (rattus norvegicus) to spread the parasite cryptosporidium parvum was investigated by examining parasite prevalence in relation to the structure and movements of three permanent rat populations living on farmland in warwickshire (uk) from october 1994 to march 1997. one population lived among a group of farm buildings housing cattle, while the other two had no contact with livestock, one living around a pond and its outflowing stream and the other on a rubbish tip. o ... | 1999 | 10574524 |
| summer mastitis in england and wales: 1992 to 1997. | | 1999 | 10576287 |
| significance of neospora caninum in british dairy cattle determined by estimation of seroprevalence in normally calving cattle and aborting cattle. | a case control study was conducted to evaluate the significance of neospora caninum infections in cattle in england and wales. the prevalence of n. caninum in normally calving cattle (the control group; n = 418) and aborting cattle (n = 633) was estimated using a commercial antibody-detection elisa. prevalence estimates for bovine virus diarrhoea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and leptospira hardjo were also obtained by serology. the prevalence of n. caninum was significantly hig ... | 1999 | 10576570 |
| examination of adenovirus-types in intestinal vascular endothelial inclusions in fatal cases of enteric disease in cattle, by in situ hybridisation. | there have been occasional reports in the literature of a severe naturally occurring enteric disease of cattle in which adenoviral inclusions were found in intestinal vascular endothelium. bovine adenovirus type 10 (bav-10) was identified by in situ hybridisation (ish) in the inclusions of all 13 such cattle detected in northern ireland [smyth, j.a., benkö, m., moffett, d.a., harrach, b., 1996. j. clin. microbiol. 34, 1270-1274]. the present paper describes ish examination of the vascular endoth ... | 1999 | 10591492 |
| evidence of influenza a virus infection in dairy cows with sporadic milk drop syndrome. | | 1999 | 10609575 |
| health status of dairy herds in organic farming. | | 2000 | 10674698 |
| chronic nasal discharge in dairy cows. | | 2000 | 10678816 |
| sarcocystis encephalomyelitis in cattle. | | 2000 | 10766125 |
| disposal and disease rates in 340 british dairy herds. | data derived from 340 dairy herds, mainly in southern england, between april 1998 and march 1999, showed that the average total culling rate was 22.1 per cent, with 5.6 per cent for infertility, 3.6 per cent for mastitis, 1.7 per cent for lameness, 2.0 per cent for poor milk yield, 3.7 per cent for age and 5.5 per cent for miscellaneous reasons which included death. the average annual rate of assisted calvings was 8.7 per cent, of injury 0.9 per cent, digestive disease 1.3 per cent ketosis 0.4 p ... | 2000 | 10803980 |
| bovine tb. | | 2000 | 10839243 |
| sources of escherichia coli o157 and experiences over the past 15 years in sheffield, uk. | in the first documented outbreak of hc caused by escherichia coli o157, which occurred in the north-west usa in 1982, there was a strong association between infection and prior consumption of ground beef from a chain of fast food restaurants. foods of bovine origin, including beef, milk and dairy products, have since been implicated in many outbreaks of infection world-wide. investigations during the course of outbreaks, or at random, have shown that cattle are a major reservoir of e. coli o157. ... | 2000 | 10880179 |
| tb and animal husbandry. | | 2000 | 10887987 |
| outbreaks of vtec o157 infection linked to consumption of unpasteurized milk. | | 2000 | 10893825 |
| the public health laboratory service (phls) and its role in the control of zoonotic disease. | the aetiology of zoonotic infections embraces organisms from every branch of the microbial world. in addition, zoonoses must be considered as a truly global problem, both in terms of their distribution and the measures required for their control. within the uk, zoonotic disease is considered to be less frequent than in some less developed parts of the world. however, its contribution to overall morbidity and mortality within the uk population is not well established. in an attempt to define the ... | 2000 | 10913770 |
| effects of dung and urine amendments on the isotopic content of n(2)o released from grasslands. | the temporal and diurnal changes in nitrous oxide (n(2)o) fluxes were measured between 29(th) september and 2(nd) november 1999 from urine and dung patches from cattle deposited on grazed grassland. the delta(15)n and delta(18)o values of the n(2)o emitted from soil from both treatments were examined on four occasions during this period. the diurnal fluxes of n(2)o were measured by a chamber technique that provides hourly measurement of n(2)o fluxes. the (15)n and (18)o analysis of n(2)o were de ... | 2000 | 10920355 |
| activity of antibiotics used in human medicine for campylobacter jejuni isolated from farm animals and their environment in lancashire, uk. | a retrospective study of 96 campylobacter jejuni isolated from farm animals and the environment showed that most were less susceptible than the nctc type strain to nalidixic acid (mics 4-32 mg/l), ciprofloxacin (mics 1-2 mg/l) and erythromycin (mics 16-64 mg/l), but had similar susceptibility to tetracycline (mics 4-8 mg/l) and kanamycin (mics 4-8 mg/l). none had the high mics of ciprofloxacin (>32 mg/l) or erythromycin (1024 mg/l) typically associated with clinical resistance in this species. s ... | 2000 | 10933658 |
| observations of lameness, hoof conformation and development of lesions in dairy cattle over four lactations. | lameness and lesions in the claws of 31 autumn-calving holstein friesian dairy cows were recorded from before their first-calving until their fifth lactation. the animals were managed by the same herdsman and housed adjacently in the same building in one of two herds grazed either on clover-rich pastures (herd 1) or on conventional ryegrass (herd 2). all four hooves were examined routinely four times during each lactation, and claw lesions were scored for severity and drawn on hoof maps. heel er ... | 2000 | 10955882 |
| possible distinction between sole ulcers and heel ulcers as a cause of bovine lameness. | | 2000 | 10955883 |
| a new human genetic resource: a dna bank established as part of the avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood (alspac). | we describe a unique human dna resource forming part of the avon longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood (alspac), a longitudinal cohort study involving 14 000 children and their families living in a geographically defined area of england. the dna bank will underpin the search for associations between genetic polymorphisms and common health outcomes. the opportunities to collect blood samples suitable for dna extraction are necessarily limited, and the samples themselves have often been tr ... | 2000 | 10980570 |
| public attitudes towards badger culling to control bovine tuberculosis in cattle. | in 1999, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate public preferences towards badger culling to control bovine tuberculosis in cattle. three alternative treatments were considered: (1) widespread culling, (2) the current experimental trials, and (3) no culling. one hundred residents from glastonbury and york were interviewed in person and asked to give preference ratings to each of the three treatments. the single most preferred treatment was no culling, and the least preferred was the wi ... | 2000 | 10985460 |
| ectopic adrenal tissue in the cow. | | 2000 | 11037731 |
| temporal aspects of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in great britain: holding-associated risk factors for the disease. | the objectives of this study were first to describe the pattern of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in great britain in terms of the temporal change in the proportion of all cattle holdings that had experienced at least one confirmed case of bse to june 30, 1997, and secondly to identify risk factors that influenced the date of onset of a holding's first confirmed bse case. the analyses were based on the population of british cattle at risk, derived from agricultural census ... | 2000 | 11058020 |
| small uk village becomes focus of vcjd investigation. | | 2000 | 11071194 |
| descriptive spatial analysis of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in great britain to june 1997. | this was a spatial analysis of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in great britain, based on agricultural census data collected between 1986 and 1996 and bse case data collected up to june 1997. kernel smoothing techniques were used to plot the distribution of bse-positive cattle holdings per 100 holdings per square kilometre and the distribution of confirmed bse cases per 100 head of cattle per square kilometre. in the early stages of the epidemic reported bse cases were sca ... | 2000 | 11072999 |
| decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in outbreak-associated multiresistant salmonella typhimurium dt104. | | 2000 | 11073003 |
| temporal aspects of the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in great britain: individual animal-associated risk factors for the disease. | the objectives of this study were first to determine the cumulative incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in the british cattle population from july 1986 to june 1997, secondly, to identify individual animal-associated risk factors that influenced the age of onset of clinical signs in confirmed bse cases, and, thirdly, to assess the effectiveness of the measures introduced to control bse during the epidemic. the analyses were based on the population of british cattle at risk, deriv ... | 2000 | 11083045 |
| similarity of the lesion profile of bse in portuguese cattle to that described in british cattle. | | 2000 | 11093402 |
| genetic variation in the bovine myostatin gene in uk beef cattle: allele frequencies and haplotype analysis in the south devon. | work on belgian blue cattle revealed that an 11 base pair (bp) deletion within the bovine myostatin gene (gdf8) is associated with the double-muscled phenotype seen in this breed. investigations focusing on other european breeds known to show double-muscling identified several mutations within the coding region of the gene associated with the double-muscled phenotype in different breeds. the number of mutations found suggest that myostatin is highly variable within beef cattle. variations that a ... | 2000 | 11105210 |
| veterinary research at the central veterinary laboratory, weybridge, with special reference to scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. | a veterinary laboratory service was commissioned by the ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food of the united kingdom in 1894 and the service commenced veterinary research in 1905. the central veterinary laboratory (cvl) was opened in 1917 and has become known world-wide under the name 'weybridge'. in 1922, a network of veterinary investigation centres was established in england and wales and these continue to make an important contribution to surveillance for animal diseases. problems recog ... | 2000 | 11107625 |
| jenner's cowskin. | | 2000 | 11117945 |
| campylobacter contamination of raw meat and poultry at retail sale: identification of multiple types and comparison with isolates from human infection. | campylobacter species are the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis reported in the united kingdom, nonetheless many aspects of campylobacteriosis epidemiology remain poorly understood. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in fresh bovine, ovine, and porcine liver and chicken portions from retail outlets and compare strain subtype distributions with those associated with cases of human campylobacteriosis occurring within the same ... | 2000 | 11131886 |
| surveys for salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain. | | 2000 | 11132678 |
| nutrient losses by surface run-off following the application of organic manures to arable land. 1. nitrogen. | research was conducted on nitrogen (n) surface run-off losses following organic manure applications to land, utilising a purpose-built facility on a sloping site in herefordshire under arable tillage. different rates and timing of cattle slurry, farmyard manure and inorganic n and phosphorus (p) fertiliser were compared, over a 4-year period (1993-97). p losses from the same studies are reported in a separate paper. the application of cattle slurries to the silty clay loam soil increased the los ... | 2001 | 11202653 |
| nutrient losses by surface run-off following the application of organic manures to arable land. 2. phosphorus. | phosphorus (p) surface run-off losses were studied following organic manure applications to land, utilising a purpose-built facility on a sloping site in herefordshire under arable tillage. different rates and timing of cattle slurry, farm yard manure (fym) and inorganic nitrogen (n) and p fertiliser were compared, over a 4-year period (1993-97). n losses from the same studies are reported in a separate paper. the application of cattle fym and, especially slurry, to the silty clay loam soil incr ... | 2001 | 11202654 |
| . . . as bva calls for action now. | | 2001 | 11232939 |
| foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. | | 2001 | 11289556 |
| geographical distribution of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease in great britain, 1994-2000. | geographical variation in the distribution of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) might indicate the transmission route of the infectious agent to man. we investigated whether regional incidences of vcjd were correlated with regional dietary data. | 2001 | 11293592 |
| mad cow crisis ii: new casualties. | | 2001 | 11317420 |
| evidence of persisting serum antibodies to escherichia coli o157 lipopolysaccharide and verocytotoxin in members of rural communities in england. | the techniques of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting were used to examine a total of 1667 sera, from apparently healthy members of rural communities in england, for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli o157 and verocytotoxins (vt). twenty-nine sera from 22 individuals were shown to have antibodies specific for e. coli o157 lps. some of these lived on livestock farms and had occupational contact with cattle, suggesting that personnel working wit ... | 2000 | 11338118 |
| foot-and-mouth disease: outbreaks exceed 1000. | | 2001 | 11338710 |
| fmd control strategies. | | 2001 | 11345998 |
| non-typhoidal salmonellosis: emerging problems. | two major changes in the epidemiology of non-typhoidal salmonellosis have occurred during the second half of the 20th century. first, salmonella typhimurium strains resistant to multiple antibiotics have emerged and spread within populations of food animals. secondly, salmonella enteritidis has emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen. this article reviews available data on the origins of the human epidemics. | 2001 | 11358718 |
| fmd results in 70 per cent fall in submissions to vla regional laboratories. | | 2001 | 11394795 |
| fmd: cvo expresses concern about yorkshire outbreaks. | | 2001 | 11400982 |
| wildlife disease reservoirs: the epidemiology of mycobacterium bovis infection in the european badger (meles meles) and other british mammals. | mycobacterium bovis infection has been confirmed in a wide range of mammals hosts throughout the world. the european badger (meles meles) and the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) are implicated as significant sources of infection for domestic cattle in the uk and new zealand respectively. the risk of transmission of infection between a wildlife population and domestic animals will be determined by both the epidemiology of the disease and the ecology of the host. in the uk, surveys by the ... | 2001 | 11463223 |
| establishment and maintenance of a longitudinal study of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (the ulises scheme). | this paper addresses the issues of tracing and compliance encountered in setting up and maintaining a uk-wide 5-year observational study of beef cattle. the 5-year prospective study was initiated in 1997 to investigate the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in a single herd of pedigree aberdeen angus cattle, in which bse had been detected at low prevalence. the study was given the acronym ulises (university of liverpool spongiform encephalopathy scheme). all cattle present on t ... | 2001 | 11535283 |
| results of follow-up of human contacts of bovine tuberculosis in cattle during 1993-7 in north staffordshire. | the purpose of the study was to describe the results of follow up of human contacts of bovine tuberculosis. the bovine tuberculosis cases occurred on farms in north staffordshire between 1993 and 1997. a total of 162 people were identified as having close contact with cattle diagnosed as having bovine tuberculosis, or who had drunk unpasteurized milk from a herd with bovine tuberculosis. a retrospective review of chest clinic notes was performed. one hundred and thirty-eight people attended for ... | 2001 | 11561979 |
| prevalence, incidence, signs and treatment of clinical listeriosis in dairy cattle in england. | the prevalence, incidence and clinical signs of listeriosis in dairy cattle in england were investigated by means of a postal questionnaire survey of 1500 dairy farmers. the response rate was 64.1 per cent. overall the farm prevalence of listeriosis was 11.7 per cent, 9.3 per cent for milking cows, 5.0 per cent for replacement heifers and 1.4 per cent for dairy calves. the within-herd incidence rate per thousand animal-years was 51.4 for all cases, 39.7 for milking cows, 86.6 for replacement hei ... | 2001 | 11570788 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease: a risk analysis. | there is doubt that variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) resulted from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) transmission from cattle to human. what is uncertain is the total number of vcjd cases (currently about 80). in this review i covered recent data on the vcjd and bse epidemic, the mode of bse spreading to humans and, finally, the data on the prnp analogue--the doppel gene (prnd). | 2000 | 11693716 |
| sporadic--but not variant--creutzfeldt-jakob disease is associated with polymorphisms upstream of prnp exon 1. | human prion diseases have inherited, sporadic, and acquired etiologies. the appearance of the novel acquired prion disease, variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd), and the demonstration that it is caused by the same prion strain as that causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy, has led to fears of a major human epidemic. the etiology of classical (sporadic) cjd, which has a worldwide incidence, remains obscure. a common human prion-protein-gene (prnp) polymorphism (encoding either methionine o ... | 2001 | 11704923 |
| devon fmd inquiry calls for strengthening of the svs. | | 2001 | 11720202 |
| rendering beef safe. | | 2002 | 11731959 |
| characterization of paub, a novel broad-spectrum plasminogen activator from streptococcus uberis. | a bovine plasminogen activator of atypical molecular mass ( approximately 45 kda) from streptococcus uberis strain sk880 had been identified previously (l. b. johnsen, k. poulsen, m. kilian, and t. e. petersen. infect. immun. 67:1072-1078, 1999). the strain was isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis. the isolate was found not to secrete paua, a bovine plasminogen activator expressed by the majority of s. uberis strains. analysis of the locus normally occupied by paua revealed an absenc ... | 2002 | 11741851 |
| descriptive epidemiology of the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in great britain: the first five months. | in february 2001, foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was confirmed in great britain. a major epidemic developed, which peaked around 50 cases a day in late march, declining to under 10 a day by may. by mid-july, 1849 cases had been detected. the main control measures employed were livestock movement restrictions and the rapid slaughter of infected and exposed livestock. the first detected case was in south-east england; infection was traced to a farm in north-east england to which all other cases were ... | 2001 | 11808655 |
| [new variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease]. | | 2002 | 11845390 |
| bovine tuberculosis: milk and meat safety. | | 2002 | 11879889 |
| the epidemiology of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease in europe. | variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease is one of a family of neurodegenerative diseases, first diagnosed in 1996. scientific evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that it is acquired through consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy-infected meat. the majority of cases have been diagnosed in the uk in young individuals, with an excess of cases in the north and a significant cluster of cases in leicestershire. many uncertainties in its biology and epidemiology, in particular the length of th ... | 2002 | 11909749 |
| urinary fluoride excretion of young children exposed to different fluoride regimes. | to compare 24-hour urinary fluoride excretion in young children exposed to different fluoride regimes. | 2002 | 11922406 |
| infrared spectroscopy of the mineralogy of coprolites from brean down: evidence of past human activities and animal husbandry. | the mineralogy of 11 concretions from the bronze age settlement horizons at brean down near weston-super-mare, somerset, uk, has been examined by infrared spectroscopy. the concretions are found to contain calcite and apatite and, in some cases, quartz. four further concretions from the later iron age meare village, soil samples from brean down and mineralised samples of known faecal origin from a cesspit within the tudor merchant's house in tenby have been similarly examined. it is found that a ... | 2002 | 11942402 |
| increased incidence of streptococcus agalactiae. | | 2002 | 11995691 |
| increased incidence of streptococcus agalactiae. | | 2002 | 12019541 |
| increased incidence of streptococcus agalactiae. | | 2002 | 12019542 |
| faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain. | a 12-month abattoir survey was conducted between january 1999 and january 2000, to determine the prevalence of faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec o157) in cattle and sheep slaughtered for human consumption in great britain. samples of rectum containing faeces were collected from 3939 cattle and 4171 sheep at 118 abattoirs, in numbers proportional to the throughput of the premises. the annual prevalence of faecal carriage of vtec o157 was 4.7 per cent (95 per c ... | 2002 | 12036241 |
| bovine congenital erythrocytic protoporphyria in a limousin calf bred in the uk. | | 2002 | 12036245 |
| occurrence of cryptosporidium in agricultural surface waters during an annual farming cycle in lowland uk. | a 17-month survey based on weekly testing for cryptosporidium oocysts in surface waters draining a livestock farm on a warwickshire (uk) estate has shown that the parasite is present throughout the year, with the highest frequency of occurrence and maximum concentrations during the autumn and winter. the 190 ha farm is managed as an exemplar for a teaching institution. there were up to 800 livestock present at peak times of year in the catchment of the stream draining the estate. oocysts were co ... | 2002 | 12044087 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella isolated from animals and their environment in england and wales from 1988 to 1999. | resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents was monitored in 109,125 salmonella cultures isolated from animals, their environment and feedstuffs between 1988 and 1999. the sensitivity of the 6512 isolates of salmonella enterica enterica serotype dublin to all the antimicrobial agents tested varied from 98.2 per cent in 1997 to 99.7 per cent in 1990 and 1996. in contrast, among 28,053 isolates of salmonella enterica enterica serotype typhimurium, there was a marked decrease in their sensitivity to all ... | 2002 | 12054133 |
| fertility of dairy cows in northern ireland. | a comprehensive database was established on the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows in 19 selected herds in northern ireland, varying in size, management system and genetic merit. data were obtained for 2471 cows, 1775 of which calved in a second year, and 693 were culled from the herd for specific reasons. the estimated mean rate of heat detection (assessed by the interheat interval during the main breeding season) in all the herds was 71 per cent, with a range from 53 to ... | 2002 | 12081305 |
| influence of the design of facilities at auction markets and animal handling procedures on bruising in cattle. | the movements of cattle at 12 livestock auction markets were observed to determine the possible causes of trauma leading to carcase bruising. design faults included right-angled bends in races, dead ends, flooring with insufficient slope or grip, and steps. sliding gates were often misused for goading cattle. projecting fittings and square-edged corners were potentially injurious; conversely, rounded posts and curved races assisted the flow of cattle with minimal impacts. at all the markets, som ... | 2002 | 12092621 |
| [creutzfeldt-jakob disease/bse special issue]. | | 2002 | 12108405 |