| parvovirus infection in hospital practice. | eleven cases of human parvovirus (hpv) infection were diagnosed on the basis of positive igm serology over a 9-month period in two london hospitals. these cases accounted for almost 30% of viral illness in which hpv serology had been requested. ten of the cases presented with joint symptoms and/or rash and one case presented with evidence of a severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. six patients had lymphadenopathy. clinical and laboratory features of the cases are presented. hpv dna was sought bu ... | 1987 | 3028563 |
| infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and cytomegalovirus in a london health district 1980-4. | by testing serum samples taken between 1980 and 1984 from men attending a department of sexually transmitted diseases, it was shown that antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) first appeared in 1981. homosexual men were significantly more likely to have antibodies to hiv and to cytomegalovirus (cmv) than were heterosexual men attending the same clinic. this shows that homosexuals are exposed to both hiv, the cause of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and to cmv, which can ... | 1987 | 3028935 |
| some specimens from william clift's copy of matthew baillie's the morbid anatomy of the human body (1799-1802). | recently in reproducing matthew baillie's classic atlas of morbid anatomy using an almost complete set of the original drawings of william clift an attempt was made to give a modern diagnosis of all the conditions illustrated. some of the many memorable specimens are here described and illustrated. the morbid anatomy of the human body is published by melbourne university press. | 1988 | 3052400 |
| incidence and nature of human tuberculosis due to bovine tubercle bacilli in south-east england: 1977-1987. | a total of 201 new cases of tuberculosis due to bovine tubercle bacilli was confirmed in south-east england between 1977 and 1987 inclusive. this represents about 1% of all cases of tuberculosis in this region. most cases occurred amongst older individuals of indigenous white british origin, although some younger patients of southern european and indian subcontinent ethnic origin were also diagnosed. the lung was the most frequent site of disease, followed by the genito-urinary tract. in view of ... | 1988 | 3053216 |
| historical vignette #9. little big man: the life and genius of william john little (1810-1894). | william john little had in many respects a unique career. he suffered childhood poliomyelitis with residual left lower extremity paraparesis, complicated by severe talipes. as a youth he was an apothecary's apprentice, surrendering his indentures at the age of 18 and entering medical school at the london hospital. he was admitted to the royal college of surgeons in 1832. he later travelled to germany to study the technique of subcutaneous tenotomy with its originator, louis stromeyer, who subseq ... | 1988 | 3060808 |
| historical aspects of anxiety. | although the syndromes of anxiety have only been recognized this century, the belief that the emotion of fearful apprehension could cause physical illness has a much longer history. james vere wrote his book entitled "a physical and moral enquiry into the causes of that internal restlessness and disorder in man which has been the complaint of all ages" in 1778. the earliest accounts of phobia, as anxiety associated with specific circumstances have been ascribed to two cases from hippocrates, whi ... | 1988 | 3064064 |
| cum hastis sic clypeatis: the turbulent history of the condom. | the recommendation of the surgeon general of the us public health service that individuals use the condom to prevent the risks of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and transmission has been poorly received. many oppose it on the basis of the perception that condoms would promote continued sexual activity when the solution to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is to discourage such activity. others raise questions about the efficacy of condoms in preventing hiv infection. fu ... | 1988 | 3069159 |
| consent and prisoners. | a recent court of appeal decision has emphasized to british physicians the importance of ensuring that prisoners under their care have given uncoerced consent to treatment. body fluid taken from alleged rapist alfred robert apicella in the course of treatment for gonorrhea was later used as evidence against him. unbeknownst to his prison doctors, apicella had submitted to an examination only after a prison officer told him he had no choice in the matter. citing an earlier decision, r. v. sang ... | 1986 | 3080154 |
| sexual abuse of children in leeds. | temporal trends in physical and sexual abuse of children within a geographically defined area were examined, and cases of suspected sexual abuse referred to paediatricians during 1984 were studied in detail. after remaining static for four years referrals due to all types of abuse trebled between 1979 and 1984, and referrals due to sexual abuse increased from none to 50 a year. in 1984, 50 children (39 girls) aged 1-16 were referred because of possible sexual abuse. abuse was confirmed or consid ... | 1986 | 3084024 |
| the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and epidemic of infection with human immunodeficiency virus: costs of care and prevention in an inner london district. | the epidemic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) necessitates early planning of services and allocation of resources. the use of hospital resources by patients with aids and the planned additional costs of clinical and preventive services for the epidemic of infection with hiv were calculated for an inner london health district that has treated 18% of the cases in the united kingdom. patients with aids required on average 50 day ... | 1986 | 3091176 |
| the proteus syndrome: the elephant man diagnosed. | sir frederick treves first showed joseph merrick, the famous elephant man, to the pathological society of london in 1884. a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis was suggested in 1909 and was widely accepted. there is no evidence, however, of café au lait spots or histological proof of neurofibromas. it is also clear that joseph merrick's manifestations were much more bizarre than those commonly seen in neurofibromatosis. evidence indicates that merrick suffered from the proteus syndrome and had the fo ... | 1986 | 3092979 |
| denis browne: colleague (1892-1967). | the purpose of this character study is not to assess the achievements of this great paediatric surgeon but to describe this extraordinary, adventurous, rebellious and difficult man, his intelligence, intellectual curiosity and intense interest in technical problems, as well as his bluntness of manner which was confusing and irritating to some of his colleagues. denis browne is described as a shy and sensitive nature, which made it difficult for him to establish ordinary human relationships, but ... | 1986 | 3095883 |
| unemployment and child abuse. | the employment state of men living in the homes of children at the time that child abuse was diagnosed was determined. the series included a wide range of abuse, including non-accidental injury, failure to thrive, neglect, and emotional deprivation. two cohorts of children seen during 1974-9 and 1980-5 were compared; these periods were chosen because a large increase in unemployment began in sheffield in 1980. although the proportion of the men without work was significantly increased during the ... | 1987 | 3107699 |
| acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who live in britain. | all acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who lived in the london borough of brent and attended this hospital were analysed for a period of one year. sixty three of the 211 patients who were followed up by the haematology department required 161 acute admissions during the year. most admissions (126) were for the 42 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease; 147 (91%) were for vaso-occlusive episodes, 142 of which were for painful crises, three for cerebrovascular accidents, a ... | 1987 | 3109583 |
| interim results of surveillance for nanbh in patients receiving heated concentrates produced in england. | coagulation factor concentrates prepared in england are all subjected to heating in solution or in the lyophilised state. concentrates of factor viii, factor ix (ii and x), factor vii and factor xi are terminally heated in the lyophilised state at 80 degrees c for 72 h but the current fibrinogen concentrate withstands only 70 degrees c for 24 h. 33 patients receiving factor viii concentrate (code 8y) and factor ix concentrate (code 9a) for the first time have had regular liver function tests (lf ... | 1987 | 3111910 |
| hiv testing: changing trends at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in london. | trends in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) counselling and antibody testing at a london clinic for sexually transmitted diseases showed substantial changes over a 12 month period. from around 100 a month in the summer of 1986 the numbers of people attending rose substantially to 276 in october 1986 and 475 in november at the time of the campaign in the popular press. they rose further still, to 700, at the time of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) week in march 1987. in april they fel ... | 1987 | 3115372 |
| hiv infection: increase in public awareness and anxiety. | between the end of september and mid-november 1986 the number of patients who requested antibody testing for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at this department increased by over 300%. this increase followed a media campaign that emphasised the potential heterosexual spread of hiv. after pretest counselling roughly one quarter of the women and of the heterosexual men decided not to be tested. the reason given most often by women for testing was previous sexual intercourse with bisexual or poss ... | 1987 | 3115373 |
| when a man is tired of london he is tired of life. | | 1987 | 3119011 |
| the regulation of nursing homes: a comparative perspective. | britain and the united states alike face the question of how best to protect the growing and vulnerable population of nursing home residents through state regulation of private institutions. despite marked differences in scale, organization, and financing between the two nations, there are striking similarities in the problems encountered and in styles of enforcement adopted in response. analysis of the regulatory systems in practice shows a convergence in the regulatory process despite the diss ... | 1987 | 3119973 |
| are general practitioners ready to prevent the spread of hiv? | general practitioners are excellently placed to assess a person's risk of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and to give advice on reducing that risk. their attitudes to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and infection with hiv are, however, unknown. a questionnaire survey of 196 general practitioners in east berkshire health district was used to assess general practitioners' readiness to undertake opportunistic health education to prevent the spread of infect ... | 1988 | 3126896 |
| general practitioners and management of infection with hiv. | general practitioners will have an increasingly important role in the management of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and infections with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the numbers of cases increase. altogether 280 general practitioners working in oxfordshire were sent a postal questionnaire inquiring about their education, knowledge, current practice, and attitudes in relation to managing infections with hiv. of the 235 (84%) general practitioners who replied, ... | 1988 | 3126897 |
| survey of general practitioners' attitudes to aids in the north west thames and east anglian regions. | as the numbers of people suffering from human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) increase, so will the contribution to care required from general practice. a postal questionnaire survey was therefore carried out among general practitioners in the north west thames and east anglian regions to determine their attitudes to aids and the issues it raises for them. one hundred and thirty seven questionnaires were returned (response rate 57%) and four fa ... | 1988 | 3126898 |
| syringe exchange schemes for drug users in england and scotland. | in 1987 experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to intravenous drug users to help prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus were started by the government. after six months the schemes were found to have been reasonably successful in attracting clients but were less successful in keeping them. it has been shown that equipment can be distributed to drug users on an exchange basis. many of the clients who were attracted to these schemes had had no treatment or other ... | 1988 | 3135891 |
| preventing the spread of hiv in injecting drug users--the experience of syringe-exchange schemes in england and scotland. | in 1987 the uk government launched experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to injecting drug users in order to help prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. this paper reports on the first few months of the schemes, and provides some initial evidence of changes in clients' risk behaviours. the schemes have been reasonably successful in attracting clients, but are less successful in retaining them. schemes have demonstrated that equipment can be distributed to clients ... | 1988 | 3151932 |
| the "lead-induced colic" syndrome in lead intoxication. | lead has a multiplicity of biologic effects. the universal occurrence of lead accounts for the continuous appearance of new instances of human lead poisoning. the most common and one of the earliest manifestations of lead intoxication in the adult is so-called lead-induced colic, which is a syndrome with a multiplicity of clinical patterns and at least three possible different pathogenic mechanisms. it may be caused by changes in the visceral smooth muscle tone secondary to the action of lead on ... | 1985 | 3156432 |
| screening for cervical dysplasia in department of genitourinary medicine. | in 632 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic who were colposcoped because they were in certain high risk groups for cervical neoplasia, and irrespective of cytological findings, 13 out of 51 biopsied had false negative cytology results. human papilloma virus (hpv) was the most important sexually transmitted agent associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), but hpv was also present in most patients with false negative (11/13) and false positive (11/14) cytol ... | 1988 | 3169756 |
| just world beliefs and attitudes toward helping elderly people: a comparison of british and canadian university students. | social science students from a british university and a canadian university were studied to determine the relationship between their beliefs in a just world and their attitudes toward helping elderly people who have social, economic or health needs. approximately 30 percent of the british students (n = 71) and 50 percent of the canadian students (n = 124) expressed a belief in a just world. in both groups, just world believers blamed elderly people for being in poor health or financial circumsta ... | 1988 | 3170015 |
| campylobacters in man and the environment in hull and east yorkshire. | campylobacter organisms isolated from water samples taken weekly from ponds and land-drains in the city of hull were compared with isolates from humans. of 314 campylobacter organisms isolated from patients, 237 (75.5%) of the strains were identified as typical campylobacter jejuni, whilst of 125 identified strains isolated from the water samples, 85 (68%) resembled c. jejuni in most respects but were hippurate hydrolysis negative by the hwang and ederer method. the ponds and land drains in the ... | 1988 | 3181312 |
| the aviation psychology program at raf upper heyford. | an aviation psychology program was started in september, 1985 at raf upper heyford, with the focus on teaching flight commanders and their wives to recognize and deal with aircrew member and family stress. the overall goal is to prevent aircraft accidents and mishaps caused by human factor errors. case reports are presented which demonstrate the value of the aviation psychologist becoming integrated in the flying community. the program has been successful, but needs further commitment and suppor ... | 1988 | 3190626 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. introduction. | | 1988 | 3222700 |
| the shipman report. an investigation in cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. | | 1988 | 3222701 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. health studies. | | 1988 | 3222702 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. metal contamination at shipham. | | 1988 | 3222703 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. discussion and conclusions. | | 1988 | 3222704 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. metal content of soils and dusts. | | 1988 | 3222705 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. metal availability. | | 1988 | 3222706 |
| the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. intakes of metal. | | 1988 | 3222707 |
| prostitution in sheffield: differences between prostitutes. | this study to assess differences between street walking prostitutes and sauna girls who attended this clinic in 1986 and 1987 showed that fewer street walkers used barrier methods for disease prevention with clients or accepted tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) when offered and more street walkers practised their profession in both sheffield and london. they therefore represent a potential pathway for the heterosexual spread of hiv to the region. trichomonas vaginalis was ... | 1988 | 3224974 |
| genetic and morphometric variances in three human populations. | data from three human populations were used to investigate the putative relationship between genetic and morphological variances. there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that individuals heterozygous at a small number of marker loci are more often near the mean for anthropometric characters than are homozygotes. in one population (otmoor), apparent support for the hypothesis was due to the confounding factors of correlations between anthropometric traits and population subdivision. it is ... | 1988 | 3248007 |
| a study of hla-a, b, dr and bf bearing haplotypes derived from 304 families resident in the north west of england. | we report here haplotype frequencies for class i (hla-a, b), class ii (hla-dr) and class iii (bf) gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) of man. as in other studies (bertrams & baur, 1979; grange et al., 1981), we have chosen to document all families typed for hla antigens and bf phenotypes irrespective of ascertainment. we obtained 1,094 haplotypes from 304 families resident in the north west of england, of which 34.1% had been fully typed for hla-a,b,dr and bf polymorphism ... | 1988 | 3250976 |
| incidence and types of acute viral hepatitis in newcastle upon tyne. | the incidence and types of viral hepatitis in the city of newcastle upon tyne have been studied by serological analysis of (a) all blood samples sent to the virological laboratory for hepatitis testing and (b) all blood samples sent by general practitioners to the biochemical laboratory for liver function testing. the annual detection rate of acute viral hepatitis was found to be 31.5 cases/100,000 population, of which 9.1 were hepatitis b. only three sporadic cases of non-a non-b hepatitis were ... | 1988 | 3255933 |
| james barry, m.d., inspector general of hospitals. man or woman? | | 1988 | 3277326 |
| low-dose rate irradiation. | there are a number of rather obvious conclusions from these experimental data that have implications in clinical radiotherapy: (1) survival curves for cells of human origin, in general, have a smaller initial shoulder and exhibit greater sensitivity to ionizing radiation than cells of rodent origin. (2) nevertheless, the response of human cells to gamma-rays, in a fractionated or low-dose schedule, is dominated by repair. (3) radiosensitivity, as well as the repair of sublethal damage as evidenc ... | 1988 | 3280412 |
| [the man behind the "tube": his dissertation on intratracheal anesthesia was rejected because of insignificant practical use]. | | 1988 | 3280925 |
| poultry meat as a source of human salmonellosis in england and wales. epidemiological overview. | | 1988 | 3281852 |
| psychiatry and the seven ages of man. | | 1988 | 3286863 |
| [the man behind the syndrome: thomas addison. one of the 3 giants at guy's hospital--he introduced science to diagnostics]. | | 1988 | 3287062 |
| human factors in accidents. | | 1987 | 3304376 |
| alexander m. kellas and the physiological challenge of mt. everest. | alexander m. kellas (1868-1921) was a british physiologist who made pioneering contributions to the exploration of everest and to the early physiology of extreme altitudes, but his physiological contributions have been almost completely overlooked. although he had a full-time faculty position at the middlesex hospital medical school in london, he was able to make eight expeditions to the himalayas in the first two decades of the century, and by 1919 when the first official expedition to everest ... | 1987 | 3305469 |
| sir william petty: modern epidemiologist (1623-1687). | william petty, physician, epidemiologist, political economist, demographer, cartographer, and administrator was an intellectual product of the seventeenth century. petty was born in the year 1623 in romsey, england of lower middle class parents; however, by the time of his death in 1687 he had become a knight of the realm, founder of the royal society, and friend of kings. petty's life reflected the northern renaissance which induced such dramatic changes in science, technology, politics, and en ... | 1987 | 3305597 |
| famous ent surgeons of the past. | history teaches us that the development of medicine and surgery, like most human activities, has not been a steady uniform process, but has occurred mainly in a series of dramatic forward spurts separated by long periods of relative inertia. we are certainly living through such an active phase today with evidence of rapid technological change all around us, and there is a tendency to believe that the rate of progress has never been greater; but this is, however, a misconception, as the golden ag ... | 1987 | 3312448 |
| employers, the government, and industrial fatigue in britain, 1890-1918. | the evolution of the concept of industrial fatigue and the responses of employers and the government in britain to research initiatives in this field of industrial medicine up to the end of the first world war is explored. the discussion dovetails in with the broader debate about the characteristics and dissemination of scientific labour management in britain. the first section focuses on attitudes towards human energy expenditure and overwork in the nineteenth century. following this is a discu ... | 1987 | 3318915 |
| historical aspects of electrocardiography. | one hundred years ago, augustus desiré waller recorded the human electrocardiogram for the first time, using a capillary electrometer. electrocardiography only became clinically relevant in 1901 when willem einthoven devised his string galvanometer for this purpose. sir thomas lewis was the key figure in showing the value of the electrocardiography for the diagnosis of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction, but many others amplified the technique to encompass the assessment of structural he ... | 1987 | 3319160 |
| fifty years of human genetics: plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose. | | 1986 | 3322164 |
| a hundred years of progress in electrocardiography. 1: early contributions from waller to wilson. | the 1887 introduction of electrocardiography as a noninvasive investigative technique on man by augustus waller, and wilhelm einthoven's electrocardiograph from 1901 remain the two major landmarks in the 100-year history of electrocardiography. the progress in our knowledge of the mechanism and interpretation of the ecg has evolved throughout these 100 years in a succession of relatively small steps contributed by many unsung heroes, although often even relatively minor contributions by a few do ... | 1987 | 3322535 |
| q fever in the united kingdom and ireland. | in britain, q fever in man was first reported in 1949. two years later a serological survey of cattle revealed a prevalence of infection of 2.1%. in the 1970's prevalences of 4.5% and 3.1% were encountered respectively in cows that had aborted or calved normally in central england. in sheep, antibodies to c. burnetii have been detected in approximately 2.8% of sera examined for diagnostic purposes and 0.6% of sheep awaiting export. since 1975 fewer than 10 incidents of c. burnetii associated dis ... | 1987 | 3324568 |
| galvayne: the mystery surrounding the man and the eponym. | | 1987 | 3324827 |
| the development of human linkage analysis. | the principles of linkage detection and measurement are traced from the first discovery of linkage to its present-day use in human genetics. some indications are given of their success and of the present problems and challenges facing them. | 1986 | 3327446 |
| the human m.o.t.: how oxfordshire is fighting heart disease. | | 1987 | 3328083 |
| the extent of surface contamination of retailed chickens with campylobacter jejuni serogroups. | eighty-two chickens purchased at 11 retailers (supplied by 12 wholesalers) in the south of england were cultured for campylobacter jejuni by a method involving total immersion. the organism was isolated from 22 (48%) of 46 fresh birds, 12 of 12 uneviscerated (new york dressed) birds, but only 1 of 24 frozen birds. viable counts of up to 1.5 x 10(6)/chicken were obtained from fresh birds and 2.4 x 10(7)/chicken from uneviscerated birds. surface swabbing of breasts, thighs, wings and vents of fres ... | 1988 | 3338503 |
| the prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus b19 in england and wales. | the prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus b19 (anti-b19 igg) in england and wales was measured by an antibody-capture radioimmunoassay. over 2000 sera were examined; 1422 from the general population, 374 from unselected children admitted to hospital and 300 from women attending an antenatal clinic. waning levels of maternally-derived antibody were found in infants under 1 year old. in children 1-5 years old, 5-15% had anti-b19 igg and this rose to 50-60% in older children, young adults and ... | 1988 | 3339634 |
| tapping health care resources: a comparison of us and uk strategies. | the united kingdom and the united states are both facing dramatic changes in health care delivery and resource allocation, brought about by advanced technology, limited financial (and in some cases human) resources and conflicting values regarding the right to health care. the differences and similarities of their health care systems provide a favourable research environment for comparing how the two countries acquire and allocate their respective health care resources. for the purpose of such a ... | 1988 | 3343086 |
| plutonium and americium uptake in rats fed with cumbrian shellfish--implications for estimates of dose to man. | winkles (littorina littorea) and mussels (mytilus edulis) collected on the cumbrian coast contain americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium discharged from the nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant at sellafield. shellfish have been fed to rats and measurements made of the gastrointestinal absorption of the actinides. for shellfish collected over a 1-year period from march 1983 to february 1984, the average values for the fractional absorption of plutonium and americium were 9 x 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4), r ... | 1988 | 3363317 |
| survey of prothrombin time in national external quality assessment scheme exercises (1980-87). | national external quality assessment scheme surveys on the prothrombin time test carried out in hospitals in the united kingdom have been performed at regular intervals since 1972. performance has been assessed by comparing observed variability between hospitals with that predicted by a statistical model. the model was based on results from 53 survey plasmas issued between 1980 and 1987. these showed a linear correlation between logarithms of mean and standard deviation of reported ratios. preci ... | 1988 | 3366918 |
| comparative studies on asian and caucasian children. 2: nutrition, feeding practices and health. | the growth of children whose parents originated from the indian subcontinent (asians) and of indigenous, white children in rochdale (caucasians) has been related to dietary intake which was estimated by 3-day weighed intakes during a longitudinal study at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months of age. the use of human milk vis-à-vis infant milk formulas, the age of introduction of solid food and the effect of other environmental factors were also evaluated. multiple regression analysis revealed the effects o ... | 1988 | 3371300 |
| ontogeny of fasting small intestinal motor activity in the human infant. | a clearly defined progression of fasting small intestinal motor development is seen in the human infant from disorganised low amplitude motor activity before 31 weeks gestation through an intermediate phase of increasing motor organisation and amplitude to the development of a normal cyclical pattern of motor activity with clearly defined phase i, ii, and iii activity between 37 weeks gestation and term. with increasing maturity smooth muscle contractility [gastric antral pressure (5-30 mmhg), a ... | 1988 | 3371717 |
| evidence of allergic hypersensitivity to chironomid midges in an english village community. | some chironomid (non-biting) midges contain potent human allergens, principally in the form of insect haemoglobins. in view of previously demonstrated immunological cross-reactivity between some different midge species, the possible role of british midges in allergic disease was studied. the chosen site, farmoor near oxford, is a village that has been subject to several annual nuisance midge swarms since the construction of an adjacent water-supply reservoir in 1964, which was extended in 1975. ... | 1988 | 3396197 |
| could parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenza?: a speculative hypothesis. | patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease do not appear to be distributed smoothly with respect to year of birth. individuals born within the years 1892, 1904, 1909, 1918, 1919 and 1929 appear to have had an increased risk of developing idiopathic parkinson's disease in later life. these years are close to those of the influenza pandemics of the period 1890-1930. the estimated risk of an individual developing idiopathic parkinson's disease shows a significant correlation with the crude influe ... | 1988 | 3404182 |
| aids and the general practitioner: views of patients with hiv infection and aids. | an unselected series of outpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who attended two london hospitals were interviewed to assess their relationship with their general practitioner. although most of the 192 patients were registered with a general practitioner, the doctors of only one half knew of the diagnosis. patients feared a negative reaction from their general practitioner or were concerned about confidentiality. although those who had told their doctor had received favo ... | 1988 | 3408958 |
| mineral accretion in the human fetus. | bone mineral content of the mid forearm was measured by photon absorptiometry in 73 white singletons (36 boys, 37 girls) born between 18 and 43 weeks' gestation. results obtained within two weeks of birth for liveborn infants were used to establish bone mineral deposition curves approximating normal in utero development. results for stillborn infants indicated a retardation of bone mineralisation relative to liveborn infants. this has important implications concerning previous estimates of daily ... | 1988 | 3415297 |
| the changing incidence of human hydatid disease in england and wales. | the incidence of hospital-diagnosed human hydatid disease acquired in the uk was estimated from a survey based on hospital activity analysis data for the period 1974-83. the average annual incidence in wales was 0.4 per 100,000 population compared with 0.02 per 100,000 in england. within wales, powys, and particularly brecknock, had the highest incidence (7 per 100,000 per year). compared with the period 1953-62, the average annual incidence for wales fell by half (from 0.8 to 0.4 per 100,000 pe ... | 1987 | 3428374 |
| ethnic variation in respiratory morbidity and lung function in childhood. | in a population of 5689 primary schoolchildren there were few important differences between children of european (n = 5287), african (n = 198), and indian origin (n = 204) in the prevalence of a history of past respiratory illnesses or current respiratory symptoms. the reported 12 month period prevalence of the symptom "ever wheezy" was 15%, 18%, and 17% respectively in the three ethnic groups (differences not significant). in a subsample of 973 european, 47 african, and 40 indian children force ... | 1987 | 3438898 |
| superficial fluoride levels and response to in-vitro caries-like lesion induction of enamel from bristol (u.k.) and birmingham (u.k.) human deciduous teeth. | surface enamel fluoride levels were measured in deciduous canine teeth from bristol, with non-fluoridated water supplies, and birmingham, with fluoridated water supplies. three populations studied were from bristol (teeth shed before 1960), bristol (after 1975) and birmingham (after 1975). up to 75 micron from the enamel surface, fluoride concentrations of post-1975 bristol and birmingham teeth were, respectively, x 1.3 and 3.4 greater than those of pre-1960 bristol teeth. the increase in the br ... | 1986 | 3459409 |
| weaning practices in the united kingdom and variations in anthropometric development. | the influence of different weaning practices on the dietary energy intake and growth of cambridge infants has been investigated. bottle fed children were in general given solid foods sooner, 10.6 weeks for boys and 13.9 weeks with girls: among breast-fed babies the average age was 14.9 weeks in the case of boys and 17.4 weeks for girls. all four groups of children exhibited different growth patterns from those of the nchs and tanner reference curves. over the first three months both boys and gir ... | 1986 | 3463113 |
| the phenotypic frequencies of group specific component and alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein in three ethnic groups. the use of these proteins as racial markers in forensic biology. | the phenotypic frequencies of group-specific component (gc) and alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein (a2hs) were determined in white european, asian and afro-caribbean populations. typical allele frequencies were observed for gc, with gc 1s being the major allele for the first two groups and gc 1f being the major allele for afro-caribbeans. for all groups the dominant a2hs allele was a2hs 1, although asians had a significantly higher proportion of this allele than the white europeans. gc and a2hs either sing ... | 1987 | 3480849 |
| genetic structure of the population with rheumatoid arthritis in north east england: a genetic approach to define different subtypes. | clinically and immunologically rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is possibly a heterogeneous disorder. despite numerous efforts clearer definition of this heterogeneity has been of limited success. measurements of rheumatoid factor (rf) and antinuclear antibodies (ana) by conventional methods define subpopulations of patients with ra and in a few recent studies an association of human leucocyte antigens (hla) undoubtedly indicates the immunogenetic differences in the susceptibility of ra patients with d ... | 1986 | 3491586 |
| brain tumours in man. | brain tumours occur at all ages but they differ in type depending upon the age of the patient. in adults, probably more than 50% of tumours in the brain are metastatic carcinomas or melanomas. the pathological classification of primary brain tumours depends largely upon the cell type involved. recently, immunocytochemical identification of cell-specific proteins by the use of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies has greatly enhanced the accuracy of cell identification within tumours. primary brai ... | 1986 | 3514398 |
| hughlings jackson. the man and his time. | this article is a brief account of the personality of hughlings jackson, his mode of life, and his intimate friends. he grew up when worldwide developments were taking place in biological thinking. the philosopher herbert spencer impressed him with his exciting concept of evolution, a principle which jackson realized was applicable to the functions and disorders of the nervous system. jackson and spencer corresponded over a period of at least 37 years but they were not friends, their personal qu ... | 1986 | 3516126 |
| the method of transmission of epidemic influenza: further evidence from archival mortality data. | evidence for influenza-associated excess mortality in the three centuries before the 20th has been sought from parish burial registers in cumbria, devon, dyfed, east anglia, gloucestershire and northumbria, compared with inter-epidemic years. most of the registers showed excess of burials concordant with eight historic influenza epidemics. comparison of the dates of these epidemics, deduced from the burials data in different areas, showed a rate of spread difficult to reconcile with direct perso ... | 1986 | 3517157 |
| wilkinson memorial lecture. frank wilkinson: the man and the eastman. | | 1986 | 3521688 |
| the dentition of lindow man. | | 1986 | 3524628 |
| tuberculosis in east sussex. iii. comparison of post-mortem and clinical methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in badgers. | following epidemiological and ecological studies of a defined badger population in an area of east sussex, removal of all badgers by cage trapping was attempted. trapping was incomplete due to the activities of protesters. forty-seven badgers were caught from the eight social groups. all badgers were examined clinically and samples of faeces, urine and tracheal aspirate were taken, together with swabs from any bite wounds, for bacteriological examinations. forty-five animals were skin tested usi ... | 1986 | 3525672 |
| andrewes versus influenza: discussion paper. | | 1986 | 3528487 |
| bovine variants of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in liverpool during the period 1969 to 1983: an epidemiological survey. | between 1969 and 1983 inclusive, the bovine variants of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. bovis and m. africanum) were isolated from 75 patients with tuberculosis. this represented 2.9 per cent of all significant mycobacteria identified at the liverpool public health laboratory during this period. the clinical and radiological features of infection did not differ from those found with m. tuberculosis. there was an association between m. bovis infection, extrapulmonary disease and lifelong united ki ... | 1986 | 3529160 |
| the radiologist as guinea pig: radiation hazards to man as demonstrated in early radiologists, and their patients. | | 1986 | 3534263 |
| reproductive success and occupational class in eighteenth-century lancashire, england. | data from parish registers on 182 couples married between 1754 and 1772 in lancashire, england, were used to compare lifetime reproductive success of farmers and craftsmen. farmers were expected to be of higher average status and wealth than craftsmen; thus, these data were used to test the hypothesis that status and reproductive success were postively correlated in this society. farmers raised a significantly higher mean number of children to age 21 than did craftsmen, although mean numbers o ... | 1986 | 3535092 |
| percival's medical ethics. the moral philosophy of an 18th-century english gentleman. | | 1986 | 3535717 |
| pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis. | during 1969-84 mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 20 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. this represented less than 1% of the total cases of respiratory tuberculosis confirmed bacteriologically at the liverpool public health laboratory during this period. all 20 patients were considered to have reactivated disease and all presented with the typical features of respiratory tuberculosis. during the same period four cases of pulmonary infection by mycobacterium africanum were recognised. this ... | 1986 | 3538491 |
| speciation, serotyping, antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid content of proteeae from the environment of calf-rearing units in south west england. | a survey was undertaken of the occurrence, serotype, antimicrobial sensitivity and plasmid content of members of the tribe proteeae in the environment of two calf-rearing units in the county of avon in south west england. examples of the following species were found: proteus mirabilis, prot. vulgaris, prot. vulgaris biogroup 2, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii, prov. alcalifaciens and prov. rettgeri. a wide range of serotypes was found, many having been previously reported from nosocomi ... | 1986 | 3540110 |
| john hunter: the first surgical scientist. | john hunter was a brilliant surgeon and teacher, the father of scientific surgery and surgical pathology and founder of the world-renowned hunterian museum. this essay attempts to answer the following questions. who was this man? how did he achieve such a remarkable station? why was he loved by some yet detested by others? when did the poor student start to become the superb teacher? how did he manage to collect the thousands of specimens he left in his museum? what is it about hunter that makes ... | 1987 | 3545417 |
| a centennial note on waller and the first human electrocardiogram. | | 1987 | 3551574 |
| the man behind the eponym. sir jonathan hutchinson. an obstinate genius. | | 1987 | 3551657 |
| exploitation of the insane in the new world. benoni buck, the first reported case of mental retardation in the american colonies. | documenting the early history of mental illness in north america is complicated by the absence of colonial institutions specializing in the care or management of the insane. however, during the first half of the 17th century, a single authority existed in england, the court of wards and liveries (1540-1660), with responsibility for appointing guardians for the mentally disabled. in 1637, benoni buck, a man with severe mental retardation, was referred to this court from jamestown, va. the ensuing ... | 1987 | 3555384 |
| the response of humans to surface and secreted antigens of trichinella spiralis. | biochemically characterised surface and secreted stage specific antigens were used to analyse the response of humans to infection with trichinella spiralis. immuno-coprecipitation and sds-page of labelled proteins were used to dissect the humoral response of mexican and european infected sera to each component antigen. the results demonstrate that in man, like laboratory rodents, the response to each protein varies independently. in addition, they permit a more rational approach to the developme ... | 1986 | 3563318 |
| occurrence and transfection of a giardia virus. | the presence of virus-derived rna was investigated in 38 axenically growing giardia isolates from different geographic areas. the rna virus was demonstrated in giardia strains from humans in the u.s.a., england and the majority of strains from poland. two strains isolated respectively from a cat and a cavia also contained it. giardia strains from humans in belgium and israel did not contain this rna virus. transfection of the rna virus was accomplished from english and polish strains, as well as ... | 1987 | 3574350 |
| men in nursing. man appeal. | | 1987 | 3648721 |
| the nature of mycobacterial disease in south east england, 1977-84. | the nature and incidence of bacteriologically confirmed mycobacterial disease in south east england over the eight year period 1977-84 has been determined by a study of cultures received by the phls regional centre for tuberculosis bacteriology at dulwich. the number of cases of tuberculosis in the ethnic european population has shown a decline, more so among males than females, but there has not been a significant decline in cases among ethnic asians. most tuberculosis is due to the classical h ... | 1986 | 3655621 |
| a chromosome supplement to the london dysmorphology database. | a supplement to the computerised database for the diagnosis of rare dysmorphic syndromes described by winter et al is presented, which includes a list of syndromes occurring in patients with unbalanced chromosome aberrations. the extension of the original programme is based on schinzel's catalogue of unbalanced chromosome aberrations in man. | 1987 | 3656373 |
| epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the isle of man--1: a case controlled study. | a case controlled study of 96 cases of sarcoidosis has been carried out in the isle of man. age and sex matched controls were selected at random from the pathology and radiology records, which cover 85% of the resident population, and a second control group was drawn from a tuberculosis register. special efforts were made to achieve a high level of ascertainment. in this study most cases occurred in young adults. it affected the sexes equally and occurred more frequently in the indigenous manx p ... | 1987 | 3660300 |
| epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the isle of man--2: evidence for space-time clustering. | the case-control test for space-time clustering developed by pike and smith was applied to 96 cases of sarcoidosis diagnosed in the isle of man from 1962 to 1983. there were significantly more links between cases separated by time intervals of less than 10 years and distances of less than 100 metres than between the others. analysis of the type of links indicated that clusters consisted of pairs whose contact was by place of residence or work. more linked cases were diagnosed less than three yea ... | 1987 | 3660301 |