| clinical features and predictive markers of disease progression in cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | to study the pathogenicity of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) in cynomolgus monkeys in order to establish an animal model for human aids. | 1992 | 1348944 |
| impaired t-cell priming and proliferation in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are particularly susceptible to infection with opportunistic pathogens, suggesting that these animals are unable to develop an effective immune response against the pathogen. previous studies have used cd4+:cd8+ lymphocyte ratios and mitogen blastogenesis to identify immunological abnormalities in fiv-infected cats. however, these studies provide limited information for understanding the nature of the cellular dysfunction in fiv-in ... | 1992 | 1348945 |
| a kinetic model of cd4+ lymphocytes with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | this report describes a kinetic model of in vitro cytopathology involving interactions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with cd4+ helper t lymphocytes. the model uses nonlinearly coupled, ordinary differential equations to simulate the dynamics of infected and uninfected cells and free virions. it is assumed that resting cells are more readily infected than activated cells, but once infected, only activated cells produce more virus. resting cells can be activated by some appropriate stimulu ... | 1992 | 1348962 |
| zidovudine-interferon-alpha combination therapy in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: biphasic response of p24 antigen and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | in an open-label dose-ranging pilot trial, 13 homosexual men with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) p24 antigenemia after at least 6 weeks of zidovudine monotherapy were continued on zidovudine and given interferon-alpha, 1.25-7.5 x 10(6) units/m2 subcutaneously three times/week. plasma p24 antigen levels demonstrated a biphasic response, falling initially in 11 patients by a mean of 50% (95% confidence interval, 36%-64%; p = .001) at a median of 11 weeks, but rising steadily thereafte ... | 1992 | 1349031 |
| naturally occurring soluble cd4 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to investigate its use as a marker of disease severity, serum soluble cd4 (scd4) was measured by elisa in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. levels of scd4 were higher in patients than in controls (p less than .001) but did not increase with disease severity. scd4 release per cd4 lymphocyte showed a linear increase with disease severity and performed as well as beta 2-microglobulin, a widely used marker. to study the role of scd4 in the pathogenesis of hiv infection, an ... | 1992 | 1349032 |
| risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hiv-1. | children born to women known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) before delivery were followed prospectively from birth in nineteen european centres. this analysis, encompassing the period end-december, 1984, to beginning-august, 1991, focuses on risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hiv-1 infection. rate of vertical transmission, based on 721 children born to 701 mothers more than 18 months before the time of analysis, was 14.4% (95% cl 12.0-17.1%). transm ... | 1992 | 1349050 |
| macromolecular assemblage in the design of a synthetic aids vaccine. | we describe a peptide vaccine model based on the mimicry of surface coat protein of a pathogen. this model used a macromolecular assemblage approach to amplify peptide antigens in liposomes or micelles. the key components of the model consisted of an oligomeric lysine scaffolding to amplify peptide antigens covalently 4-fold and a lipophilic membrane-anchoring group to further amplify noncovalently the antigens many-fold in liposomal or micellar form. a peptide antigen derived from the third var ... | 1992 | 1349173 |
| antibodies to epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus in relation to cd4 cell number in human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. | interaction between herpesviruses and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)1 is postulated in the progression of hiv disease. in order to evaluate the specific antibody responses directed to epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) and to provide serological evidence suggesting reactivation of these viruses able to accelerate the immunodeficiency, we studied iga and igg titres to ebv and cmv in the serum of hiv positive patients in relation to the cd4 cell number. the titres of igg antibo ... | 1992 | 1349340 |
| effects of disease stage and zidovudine therapy on the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in semen. | to determine the prevalence and temporal expression of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in the semen of hiv-1 seropositive men and to determine whether the detection of hiv-1 in semen is associated with disease stage, zidovudine treatment status, or other clinical factors. | 1992 | 1349654 |
| prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal hiv-1 infection. the italian register for hiv infections in children. | the signs that may arise after perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) have been classified by the centers for disease control, but the clinical usefulness of the classification system and the prognostic importance of each disease pattern have not been established. we sought to address these issues by analysing data from the italian register for hiv infection in children. we studied 1887 children born to hiv-1-seropositive mothers. 1045 were identified at birth and t ... | 1992 | 1349667 |
| cd11b-bearing mononuclear leucocytes and iga levels in the staging of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | certain immunological parameters (i.e. low cd4+ t cell numbers, high serum soluble cd8) have been described as prognostic factors for the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to later clinical stages. in the present study we have found in one hundred hiv-infected spanish patients (81% drug abusers, 7% homosexuals, 6% heterosexuals, and 6% other or unknown risk groups) that cd11b+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells are increased in those with persistent lymphadenopathy as c ... | 1992 | 1349866 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1): infectivity transmission, risk behaviours and host susceptibility. | | 1992 | 1349873 |
| incidence of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. | the product-limit incidence of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) bacteremia in 1006 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients followed at one institution over a 3-year period from the day of aids diagnosis with monthly lysis-centrifugation blood cultures was 21% +/- 2% se at 1 year and 43% +/- 3% at 2 years. the product-limit incidence of mac bacteremia at 1 year after the patients' first cd4 cell count was related to both the cd4 cell count and to whether they had an a ... | 1992 | 1349906 |
| absence of selection of hiv-1 variants in vivo based on transcription/transactivation during progression to aids. | the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transactivation protagonists tat and tar has been analyzed from sequential primary material. the sequences were amplified from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. despite fluctuations within the tat and tar quasispecies there was no obvious selection for a variant encoding more powerful transactivation components either in vivo or ex vivo, indicating that this system is not exploited during disease progression. the basal ... | 1992 | 1350126 |
| atypical presentation of co-existent haemophilus ducreyi and treponema pallidum infection in an hiv-positive male. | a 25-year-old homosexual black male presented with asymmetrical perianal ulceration of uncertain clinical origin. indepth microbiological examination revealed the combined presence of haemophilus ducreyi and treponema pallidum. the atypical clinical appearance may have been due to the changed immunological status of the host's being infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1350139 |
| apparent ineffectiveness of natural killer cells vis-à-vis retrovirus-infected targets. | the role of nk cells in the defense against retroviral infections is ill defined. the discovery of the pathogenic human retroviruses and their epidemic spread have made more urgent a better understanding of how such infections may be naturally controlled. therefore, a systematic study was undertaken to determine whether nk cells obtained from healthy individuals are able to recognize and lyse target cells that have been infected with htlv-i, htlv-ii, or hiv. the studies demonstrated that nk cell ... | 1992 | 1350295 |
| guidelines for the performance of cd4+ t-cell determinations in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | this document has been developed by cdc to give guidance to laboratories performing lymphocyte immunophenotyping assays in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. the recommendations in this document reflect current technology in a field that is rapidly changing. the recommendations apply to laboratory safety, specimen collection, specimen transport, maintenance of specimen integrity, specimen processing, flow cytometer quality control, sample analyses, data analysis, data storage, data r ... | 1992 | 1350319 |
| mechanism of mhc class i downregulation in hiv infected cells. | hiv infection of cd4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes leads to a loss of mhc class i molecules on the surface of the infected cells as detectable by monoclonal antibody staining and flow cytometry. incubation of the infected cells at 26 degrees c or treatment at 37 degrees c with peptides leads to upregulation of mhc class i to levels equal to those found on uninfected cells cultured under the same conditions. the data suggest that, after hiv infection, the mechanisms responsible for peptide genera ... | 1992 | 1350567 |
| how antibodies block hiv infection: paths to an aids vaccine. | we are beginning to understand the mechanism that envelope proteins of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses use to gain entry into host cells. a vaccine that can elicit antibodies that bind to the viral epitopes involved in this process would thereby prevent hiv infection. this article outlines our progress in the development of possible candidates for aids vaccines. | 1992 | 1350693 |
| acute syphilitic meningitis in a man with seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus infection and normal numbers of cd4 t lymphocytes. | coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and treponema pallidum may predispose to accelerated neurosyphilis. the mechanism underlying this interaction is undefined, but usually presumed to result from hiv-induced suppression of cell-mediated immunity as reflected in the cd4 t-lymphocyte count. we report a patient infected with hiv who developed aggressive neurosyphilis despite a cd4 count of 1000/mm3. the cd4 cells constituted 17% of his total lymphocytes. our case suggests that w ... | 1992 | 1350899 |
| successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated reiter's syndrome with sulfasalazine. | | 1992 | 1350909 |
| prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | following the initial observation by dr. margaret fischl that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can prevent pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with kaposi's sarcoma, initiating prophylaxis for pneumocystic infection in all patients with less than 200 cd4+ cells/mm3 has become accepted practice. this prophylactic intervention has been found not only to reduce the development of pneumonia due to p. carinii but also to prolong life. drs. henry masur and joseph a. kovacs first reviewed prophylax ... | 1992 | 1350925 |
| analysis of cd4 gene expression in human fetal brain and neuroblasts. | 1. the expression of the gene codifying for cd4, the most important human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) receptor molecule, was analyzed in 11 fetal brains at various gestational ages and in 9 human neuroblastoma (nb) cell lines. cd4 gene expression in fetal and malignant neural cells was then compared with that observed in a hematopoietic cell line and adult hippocampus. 2. in addition, cd4 mrna was evaluated in two nb cell lines induced to differentiate in vitro with retinoic acid (ra) ... | 1992 | 1350944 |
| the relationship of hiv-1 viral sequences detected by the polymerase chain reaction in haemophilic patients to clinical and other markers of infection. | a nested primer polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of pol gene sequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) was applied to whole blood of 31 haemophiliacs who were, or had been, positive for hiv p24 antibody (hivab) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and samples from 22 persistently hivab negative haemophiliacs who had been at risk of contracting hiv from treatment. the results were compared with those of p24 hiv antigen determination, t4 cell counts beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) ... | 1992 | 1350951 |
| transcellular activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in t lymphocytes requires cd4-gp120 binding. | cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) tat can transactivate the hiv-1 long terminal repeat (ltr) in cocultured t lymphocytes. in this report, we describe the molecular requirements for transcellular activation of the ltr in jurkat cells. an analysis with deletion mutants and blocking antibodies demonstrated a requirement for env expression in addition to tat expression for transcellular activation to occur. the results suggest that the transient association of cd4 and gp12 ... | 1992 | 1351104 |
| serum beta 2-microglobulin and prediction of progression to aids in hiv infection. | identification of laboratory tests that can help predict progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is important for clinical management and counselling. we have assessed the usefulness of cd4 lymphocyte count, serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration, and the presence of p24 antigen as predictors of aids. we studied 214 homosexual and bisexual men with well-defined dates of hiv seroconversion. for each participant, we defi ... | 1992 | 1351128 |
| hiv-1 viraemia and influenza. | | 1992 | 1351231 |
| [epidemiological surveillance of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in french polynesia in 1991]. | the authors make out a statement about hiv infection in french polynesia at the date of 1991 december 31. 96 cases all together of seropositive and aids infected people were recorded. these patients are young generally (78 p.c. between 21 and 40 years old) sexually contaminated (72 out of 96) and live in tahiti island (94 p.c.). sex-ratio is 2.8 male/1 female. among them, we noted 55 p.c. of europeans, 38 p.c. of polynesians and 7 p.c. of asiatic people. epidemiological monitoring of the infecti ... | 1992 | 1351239 |
| estimation of time since exposure for a prevalent cohort. | in natural history studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection a substantial proportion of participants are seropositive at time of enrollment in the study. these participants form a prevalent subcohort. estimation of the unknown times since exposure to hiv-1 in the prevalent subcohort is of primary importance for estimation of the incubation time of aids. the subset of the cohort that tested negative for antibody to hiv-1 at study entry and was observed to seroconvert forms ... | 1992 | 1351308 |
| low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids. | to determine the efficacy of low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (trimethoprim, 160 mg plus sulfamethoxazole, 800 mg; one tablet twice daily, 2 days per week) as primary prophylaxis against toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and previous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1351371 |
| structure-function studies of hiv-1: influence of long terminal repeat u3 region sequences on virus production. | dna sequence analyses of several human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) isolates revealed extensive genetic diversity in the env gene and, to a lesser extent, in other regions of the viral genome, including the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences. since the ltrs contain elements responsible for the control of transcription, the difference in the ltr region may play a crucial role in the overall replication rate of hiv. to evaluate the role of the ltr, we have constructed a number of infectious hybr ... | 1992 | 1351391 |
| sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides with potent inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus infection. | compounds with medium relative molecular masses active against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were synthesized. sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides such as sulfated octadecyl maltohexaoside, sulfated dodecyl laminaripentaoside and sulfated dodecyl laminari-oligomer caused 50% inhibition of virus infection in the ec50 range of 0.4-0.7 microgram/ml in vitro using the mt-4 cell line and hiv-1htlv-iiib virus isolate, though sulfated oligosaccharides without alkyl groups showed low anti-hiv activitie ... | 1992 | 1351727 |
| cd8+ cd11+ suppressor cells in hiv-infected asymptomatic patients: effect on hiv-specific cytotoxicity. | cd3+cd8+cd11+ cells were present in the peripheral blood of patients infected with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in higher percentage (10-20%) than in normal individuals (3-5%) in this study. these cells, through the release of soluble factors, significantly suppressed the effector phase of anti-hiv cytotoxic activities, both human leukocyte antigen (hla)-class i or class ii restricted, and nonrestricted. the effectors were cd8+cd11-, cd4+ t cells, and cd16+ cells for hla-class ... | 1992 | 1351730 |
| accumulation of transcripts coding for prion protein in human astrocytes during infection with human immunodeficiency virus. | the abnormal isoforms of the normal cellular prion protein (prp), also termed scrapie-associated fibril protein, are assumed to be one causative factor of spongiform encephalopathies. the mrna of prp contains stem-loop structures which are very similar to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) cis-acting sequence tar within the ltr; both structures contain the pentanucleotide cuggg in the loop, and the uridine- and adenine-bulge in the stem. in this study, using purified hiv-encoded trans-ac ... | 1992 | 1351748 |
| alveolar macrophage populations are distorted in immunocompromised patients with pneumonitis. | alveolar macrophages (am) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from patients presenting with pneumonitis: 30 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals and 12 transplant recipients. nine normal volunteers acted as controls. the cells were washed and cytospins prepared. monoclonal antibodies (moabs) and immunoperoxidase methods were used to analyse the expression of hla-dr molecules as well as phenotypic macrophage markers. p values apply to the differences between medians u ... | 1992 | 1351852 |
| optimal management strategies for hiv-infected patients who present with cough or dyspnea: a cost-effective analysis. | to determine the effectiveness and costs of alternative management strategies for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who present with pulmonary symptoms. | 1992 | 1351940 |
| x-irradiation enhances in vitro human immunodeficiency virus replication correlation with cellular levels of camp. | total body x-irradiation has been utilized in the treatment of several human diseases, including leukemia, where it is followed by bone marrow transplantation, and in some autoimmune disorders. recently, it was reported that total body irradiation appeared useful in the treatment of friend leukemia virus infection in mice. in this report, the effect of x-irradiation on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in vitro in cd4+ cells was examined. mt-4 cells and hiv strain human t cel ... | 1992 | 1352047 |
| prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin in hiv-infected children with cd4+ counts of 0.20 x 10(9)/l or more. effect on viral, opportunistic, and bacterial infections. the national institute of child health and human development intravenous immunoglobulin clinical trial study group. | to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) for prevention of viral, opportunistic, and minor bacterial infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1352363 |
| chronic colitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a clinical and pathological description of chronic colitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1352372 |
| antigen-independent adhesion of cd45ra (naive) and cd45ro (memory) cd4 t cells to b cells. | we found that naive (cd45ra+) cd4 t cells have a lower capacity of adhesion to epstein-barr virus (ebv) immortalized b cells than memory (cd45ro+) cd4 t cells, as judged by conjugate formation. this would appear to be due to differences in the expression of adhesion molecules [lymphocyte function-associated antigen (lfa)-1, cd2]. however, kinetic studies showed that the degree of adhesion of naive t cells to b cells was stable over 60 min while that of memory t cells, like that of unseparated cd ... | 1992 | 1352461 |
| high level of htlv-i specific protein expression in a patient with adult t-cell leukemia, chronic progressive myelopathy and kaposi's sarcoma. | analysis was made of serum anti-htlv-i antibodies, virus-specific proteins in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and proviruses in lymphocyte dna of a patient with adult t-cell leukemia (atl), kaposi's sarcoma, and chronic myelopathy. using western blot and pcr (with hiv-1 specific primers), it was shown that kaposi's sarcoma was not linked to hiv infection. western blot analysis of serum revealed antibodies against p19, p24 and pr 53 of htlv-i. examination of proteins in fresh pbl by western bl ... | 1992 | 1352562 |
| does human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection accelerate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? the jury is still out. | | 1992 | 1352674 |
| the impact of human t-lymphotrophic virus type i/ii infection on the prognosis of sexually acquired cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | twenty (18%) of 111 peruvian men with sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection were found also to be infected with human t-lymphotrophic virus type i or ii in a retrospective study. at the time of data evaluation, 75 patients had reached centers for disease control stage iv (clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and had not received antiviral medication; mortality in this group was 63.3% (38/60) among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus alone and 80% (12/15 ... | 1992 | 1352675 |
| cd4 lymphocyte count as an indicator of delay in seeking human immunodeficiency virus-related treatment. | as many as half of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who are medically eligible for pneumocystis prophylaxis and zidovudine treatment have not received these treatments. we used the cd4 lymphocyte count as an indicator of delay in seeking treatment among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and assessed whether insurance status was associated with the stage of illness when care is initiated. | 1992 | 1352676 |
| inhibition of viral and cellular promoters by human wild-type p53. | mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is a recurring event in a variety of human cancers. wild-type p53 may regulate cell proliferation and has recently been shown to repress transcription from several cellular promoters. we studied the effects of wild-type and mutant human p53 on the human proliferating-cell nuclear antigen promoter and on several viral promoters including the simian virus 40 early promoter-enhancer, the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and ul9 promoters, the hu ... | 1992 | 1352831 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and tuberculosis in an urbanized, hospitalised community in johannesburg, south africa. | | 1992 | 1352855 |
| otitis media in children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers. | acute otitis media (aom) is thought to occur frequently in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we compared experience with aom of 28 hiv-infected children with that of 33 children who seroreverted to hiv antibody negative status by age 18 months. the mean number of episodes/year of aom for children who seroreverted decreased from 1.33 in the first year of life to 0.13 in the third year, whereas the mean number of episodes/year in hiv-infected children increased from 1.89 t ... | 1992 | 1352871 |
| design and synthesis of a cd4 beta-turn mimetic that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 binding and infection of human lymphocytes. | poor bioavailability, rapid degradation, antigenicity, and high cost often limit the use of proteinaceous pharmaceuticals. one goal of structural biochemistry is the reduction of complex molecules to small functional units that are amenable to high-resolution structural analysis and rapid modification. the dissection of complex proteins into small synthetic conformationally restricted components is an important step in the design of low molecular weight nonpeptides that mimic the activity of the ... | 1992 | 1352879 |
| programmed death of t cells in hiv-1 infection. | in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, functional defects and deletion of antigen-reactive t cells are more frequent than can be explained by direct viral infection. on culturing, both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells from asymptomatic hiv-infected individuals died as a result of programmed cell death (apoptosis). apoptosis was enhanced by activation with cd3 antibodies. programmed cell death, associated with impaired t cell reactivity, may thus be responsible for the deletion of reactive t cells ... | 1992 | 1352911 |
| dendritic cells exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to cd4+ t cells. | the paucity of virus-laden cd4+ cells in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) contrasts with the greatly reduced numbers and function of these lymphocytes. a pathway is described whereby dendritic cells carry hiv-1 to uninfected t cells, amplifying the cytopathic effects of small amounts of virus. after exposure to hiv-1, dendritic cells continue to present superantigens and antigens, forming clusters with t cells that are driven to replicate. infection of the de ... | 1992 | 1352913 |
| mucocutaneous abnormalities predicted by lymphocyte counts in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | abnormalities of the skin are frequent and troubling problems for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a number of studies have assessed the frequency and severity of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes reported from other centers, but relationships between dermatologic signs and symptoms and either the lymphocyte count or the helper t-lymphocyte count have been infrequently noted. in a prospective study of 6 months' duration, one of us (a.f.) examined and questio ... | 1992 | 1352915 |
| predictors of the risk of development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome within 24 months among gay men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a report from the multicenter aids cohort study. | the natural history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is characterized by a relentless decline in cd4-positive lymphocytes and the ultimate development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, variables other than the cd4-positive lymphocyte level contribute to the measurement of risk for aids and can be used as predictors of aids onset. this study was undertaken to identify factors that, independently of the cd4-positive lymphocyte level, would predict ... | 1992 | 1352940 |
| analysis of the basis of resistance and susceptibility of cd4+ t cells to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-gp120 induced anergy. | the resistance and susceptibility of t cells to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-gp120 induced anergy was examined. antigen-dependent proliferation of polyclonal t cells was markedly inhibited by gp120, whereas from the analysis of monoclonal populations, t cells resistant to the effects of gp120 could be identified. similarly, exposure of monoclonal t cells to gp120 in the absence of accessory cells, also demonstrated that some t cells could resist the induction of anergy. loss of antigen rec ... | 1992 | 1353060 |
| vaccination of vaccinia-naive adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 recombinant vaccinia virus in a blinded, controlled, randomized clinical trial. the aids vaccine clinical trials network. | the safety and immunogenicity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gp160 recombinant vaccinia virus (hivac-1e) vaccine was evaluated in vaccinia-naive, healthy adults at low risk for acquiring hiv-1 infection. volunteers (n = 36) were randomized to receive hivac-1e or control vaccinia virus at two dosages by bifurcated needle puncture at 0 and 2 months; 12 hivac-1e and 6 control vaccinia virus recipients received either 10(6) or 10(7) pfu/ml at each inoculation. there was no signific ... | 1992 | 1353102 |
| quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus provirus and circulating virus: relationship with immunologic parameters. | virologic and seroimmunologic parameters were determined in 56 persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the provirus level varied from 10 to 100,000/10(6) cd4+ lymphocytes, and genomic hiv rna was detectable in 39 of 56 patients at a relative concentration varying from 10 to greater than 250 copies/ml of serum. provirus expressed as copies per 10(6) cd4+ lymphocytes and as circulating virus per milliliter of serum increased with disease progression and decrease of cd4+ cell conc ... | 1992 | 1353103 |
| cd8 lymphocytosis and pseudotumoral splenomegaly in hiv infection. | three patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) presented with pseudotumoral splenomegaly, cd8 lymphocytosis (3.5-5.1 x 10(9)/l), and hypergammaglobulinaemia. spleen and bone marrow showed diffuse cd8 lymphocyte and plasma-cell infiltration. amplification of the t-cell-receptor gamma chain gene did not reveal any clonal t-cell population. phenotypic analysis showed a predominance of cd8/cd57 suppressor t cells with expression of activation markers (dr and cd38). no cytotoxic t ly ... | 1992 | 1353138 |
| acquired immunodeficiency without evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | there have been three published cases of acquired immunodeficiency in which no evidence for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 was found. we have identified five other individuals, from the new york city area (four who have known risk factors for hiv infection), with profound cd4 depletion and clinical syndromes consistent with definitions of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex. none had evidence of hiv-1, 2 infection, as judged by m ... | 1992 | 1353194 |
| aids minus hiv? | the identification of a small number of cases of clinical immunodeficiency and cd4 depletion but no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has raised questions as to whether a new virus that causes a syndrome similar to hiv infection has emerged. most intensively studied have been 5 individuals from the new york area--2 homosexual men, 2 heterosexual men, and 1 female blood transfusion recipient--in whom no other cause of the immunodeficiency could be identified. scientists at hiv trea ... | 1992 | 1353200 |
| unexplained cd4+ t-lymphocyte depletion in persons without evident hiv infection--united states. | since 1989, 21 persons with unexplained cd4+ t-lymphocyte depletion, but without evident human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, have been described (1-12). these reports included persons who have resided in the united states and six other countries and who sought medical care for conditions often associated with immune deficiency. some of these cases were also described at the vii international conference on aids/iii std world congress in amsterdam. in addition, cdc has received reports o ... | 1992 | 1353246 |
| cd4 status and p24 antigenemia. are they useful predictors of survival in hiv-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy? | to determine the relationship between cd4 status and the p24 antigen level and survival in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1353299 |
| presentation of superantigen by human t cell clones: a model of t-t cell interaction. | superantigens (sag) interact with t lymphocytes bearing particular v beta sequences as part of their t cell receptor (tcr). the interaction, however, requires the presence of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules on antigen-presenting cell (apc). in peculiar circumstances, mhc class ii+ t cell clones (tcc) have been shown to present peptides and selected antigens interacting with antigen-specific tcc in the absence of apc. in this report we studied the capacity of sag to medi ... | 1992 | 1353448 |
| dysfunction of natural killer cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with or without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children with normal t-cell numbers is contrary to previous experience with hiv-infected adults, in whom low cd4+ t-cell numbers predict susceptibility to pcp. to determine whether pcp in hiv-infected children reflects a qualitative t-cell or other immune defect, we studied four hiv-infected children who also had pcp and 10 others without pcp for t-cell and natural killer (nk) cell function. mo ... | 1992 | 1353523 |
| update: cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia in persons without evident hiv infection--united states. | on july 31, 1992, cdc reported five cases of cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia in persons without evident human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the united states. as of august 5, 1992, cdc has received reports of nine additional persons with similar clinical presentations. all persons who have been reported to cdc meet the three criteria for cd4+ t-lymphocytopenia without evident hiv infection. another 21 persons suspected to have this condition have been described, 10 of whom reside in the unite ... | 1992 | 1353606 |
| a controlled trial comparing continued zidovudine with didanosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection. the niaid aids clinical trials group. | although zidovudine is effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, its efficacy may decline with prolonged use. didanosine is another inhibitor of hiv reverse transcriptase. we evaluated the effectiveness of changing anti-hiv treatment from zidovudine to didanosine. | 1992 | 1353607 |
| immune status of asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophiliacs: randomized, prospective, two-year comparison of treatment with a high-purity or an intermediate-purity factor viii concentrate. | it has been postulated that high-purity factor viii (fviii) concentrates, since they contain less alloantigenic proteins than intermediate-purity concentrates, might cause lesser deterioration of the immune systems of hemophilic patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to evaluate this hypothesis, we have prospectively compared t-lymphocytes subsets and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to skin tests in 17 asymptomatic hiv-positive hemophiliacs randomly assigned to continu ... | 1992 | 1353642 |
| efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosol pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosolised pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) amongst two groups of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. group 1 (primary prophylaxis) consisted of patients with either diseases indicative of aids other than pcp or whose absolute cd4 positive lymphocyte count was below 200/mm3, and group 2 (secondary prophylaxis) comprised pa ... | 1992 | 1353750 |
| prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 mixed infections in côte d'ivoire. | we have investigated the cause of dual serological reactivity to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2, a common occurrence in west africa. serum specimens from 111 individuals from côte d'ivoire classified by commercial western blot as hiv-1 (n = 15), hiv-2 (32), and dually reactive (64) were further tested by more specific serological tests (a synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassay [pepti-lav 1/2] and western blots prepared from antigen in which oligomeric forms of the transmembrane p ... | 1992 | 1353806 |
| virological and polymerase chain reaction studies of hiv-1/hiv-2 dual infection in côte d'ivoire. | dual serological reactivity to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 is common in côte d'ivoire. to assess whether dual infection is the reason for dual seropositivity we sought hiv-1 and hiv-2 proviral dna in primary uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from selected seropositive patients in côte d'ivoire with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr on primary lymphocytes in 36 dually seropositive samples revealed the presence of both hiv-1 and hiv-2 proviral dna in 12 ... | 1992 | 1353807 |
| sinusitis in hiv-1 infection. | to determine the clinical and radiographic characteristics of sinusitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. | 1992 | 1353944 |
| clinical and laboratory correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a cohort of intravenous drug users from new york, ny. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic has increasingly involved intravenous drug users. few studies have attempted to define its clinical and laboratory characteristics in this population. | 1992 | 1353953 |
| activation of human immunodeficiency virus by herpes simplex virus. | heterologous viruses have been examined for their ability to accelerate the course of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1. in this study, ach-2 cells persistently infected with hiv-1 exhibited augmented hiv-1 replication as a result of superinfection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1. using hsv-1 mutants with deletions in the genes encoding immediate-early proteins icp0, icp4, and icp27, it was found that icp0 and icp27, but not icp4, were essential for up-regulatio ... | 1992 | 1354237 |
| availability of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of lymphocytes to hospital patients--united states, 1990. | the pathogenesis of disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is largely attributable to the decrease in t-lymphocytes bearing the cd4 cell-surface molecule (cd4 + t-lymphocytes) (1). the percentage of cd4 + t-lymphocytes among total lymphocytes and the percentages of other lymphocyte subpopulations (e.g., cd8 + t-lymphocytes) are generally measured by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (fcl) (also called immunophenotyping by flow cytometry [2], t-lymphocyte immunophenotyping [3], and ... | 1992 | 1354327 |
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analytes were evaluated in 59 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv+) individuals to assess neurological involvement. glucose, total protein, cell counts, p24 antigen, csf: serum albumin/igg ratios, and oligoclonal bands were measured. eighty percent of samples showed abnormalities in one or more analyte. in some patients samples, these abnormalities could mimic those of secondary opportunistic infection when none was present. the presence of oligoclonal banding in csf (31 ... | 1992 | 1354427 |
| delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (dhst) with recall antigens were investigated as prognostic markers in five different approaches. in the first study, 42 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients (ivb, ivcl, ivd, and ive; mmwr 35:334-339, 1986) 26 aids-related complex (arc) patients (iva and ivc2), and 98 asymptomatic patients (ii and iii) were evaluated with candidin, tricophytin, ppd and streptokinase-streptodornase. in the second study, 10 patients (ii and iii) were evaluated sequ ... | 1992 | 1354723 |
| novel thiosemicarbazones derived from formyl- and acyldiazines: synthesis, effects on cell proliferation, and synergism with antiviral agents. | the synthesis of a series of novel thiosemicarbazones (tsc's) derived from various alkyl diazinyl (3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl) ketones and 3-pyridazinecarbaldehyde and their evaluation against herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as well as the determination of their cytotoxicity are described. in addition, the effects of combination of such tsc's with the well-known antiviral drugs acyclovir (acv) and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) were studied. und ... | 1992 | 1354751 |
| variable inhibition of cell-free translation by hiv-1 transcript leader sequences. | the 5' ends of all human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1) transcripts have the potential to coordinately regulate translation of hiv-1 mrnas. conflicting observations of the translational impact of these sequences in various systems stimulated these analyses of translation in reticulocyte lysates. we report a sensitive, rapid, quantitative, and inexpensive cell-free translation assay in which translational efficiency is monitored by enzymatic assay of the translation products. using this as ... | 1992 | 1354856 |
| immunological abnormalities in the natural history of hiv infection: mechanisms and clinical relevance. | infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) ultimately results in profound immunodeficiency characterized by severe depletion of cd4+ t helper cells. in symptomatic infection a general perturbance of immune function is observed. here recent insights in the sequence of events in progression to aids is reviewed. following seroconversion a rapid persistent loss of inducible b cell function is observed. in addition, in long term infection, antigen-presenting cell functions of monocytes and ... | 1992 | 1354968 |
| the programmed cell death theory of aids pathogenesis: implications, testable predictions, and confrontation with experimental findings. | the programmed cell death theory of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pathogenesis postulates that most immunological and non-immunological defects in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected people are related to a single mechanism, the inappropriate expression in mature cd4+ t cells and other cell-populations such as neurons of an activation-induced physiological cell suicide program that plays an essential role during embryogenesis in the maturation of both the immune and the nervo ... | 1992 | 1354969 |
| risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission through breastfeeding. | detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in breast milk by culture and polymerase chain reaction does not necessarily mean that breastfeeding is a route of transmission, although evidence from several case-reports points in that direction. we undertook a systematic review of published studies meeting criteria that allowed determination of quantitative risk of transmission via breastfeeding. based on four studies in which mothers acquired hiv-1 postnatally, the estimated risk of t ... | 1992 | 1355163 |
| activation pathways and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication are not altered in cd4+ t cells expressing the nef protein. | while recent studies in rhesus monkeys have pointed out the importance of an intact nef gene for the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), no biological function has been so far unambiguously attributed to its product. since nef has been described to possess gtp-binding properties and to down-regulate cd4 cell surface expression, we looked for evidences of nef interfering with the transduction of activating signals in human cd4+ t cells. we used a murine leukemia retroviral v ... | 1992 | 1355346 |
| the amino-terminal peptide of hiv-1 glycoprotein 41 lyses human erythrocytes and cd4+ lymphocytes. | functional studies assessed the cytolytic activity of the amino terminal peptide (fp-i; 23 residues 519-541) of the glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41) of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1). synthetically prepared fp-i efficiently hemolyzed human red blood cells at 37 degrees c, with 40% lysis at 32 microm. kinetic studies indicated that fp-i induced maximal hemolysis in 30 min, probably through tight binding of the peptide with the red cell membrane. the phe-leu-gly-phe-leu-gly (residues 52 ... | 1992 | 1355363 |
| the amino-terminal peptide of hiv-1 glycoprotein 41 interacts with human erythrocyte membranes: peptide conformation, orientation and aggregation. | structural studies assessed interactions between the amino-terminal peptide (fp-i; 23 residues 519-541) of the glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) and human erythrocyte membranes and simulated membrane environments. peptide binding was examined at sub-hemolytic (approx. less than 5 microm) and hemolytic (greater than or equal to 5 microm) doses (mobley et al. (1992) biochem. biophys. acta 1139, 251-256), using circular dichroism (cd) and fourier-transform in ... | 1992 | 1355364 |
| 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-induced reduction in the ability of uninfected cd4-expressing cells to participate in syncytium formation. | a cocultivation assay system consisting of uninfected human t cells and cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been used to investigate syncytium formation in short-term assays. continuous treatment or short-term pretreatment of uninfected cd4-expressing human t-cell lines with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) reduces the ability of these cells to participate in syncytium formation when mixed with chronically infected cells. the effect of azt on syncytium formati ... | 1992 | 1355606 |
| prevention of hiv-2 and siv infections in cynomolgus macaques by prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine. | the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) for in vivo evaluation of antiviral drugs in monkeys and to study if prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine (flt) could prevent infection against a low challenge dose of hiv-2 or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). protection against infection was assessed by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) as well as by antibody and ... | 1992 | 1355658 |
| hiv infection at outcome of pregnancy in the paris area, france. | the prevalence of hiv infection in women at end of pregnancy, irrespective of outcome, was determined in a comprehensive survey of both women and medical centres during successive 4-week periods in four areas of the paris region, france. blood samples were tested anonymously for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2. of the 11,593 blood samples 0.40% (95% confidence interval [ci] 0.28-0.51) were positive for hiv-1 and 0.02% (95% binomial interval [bi] 0.002-0.065) for hiv- ... | 1992 | 1355808 |
| cells induced to express a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene mutant inhibit the spread of wild-type virus. | the feasibility of using a trans-dominant interfering human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope mutant for inducible gene therapy of hiv infection was investigated. genes encoding wild-type or mutant glycoproteins were introduced into cd4+ cells, where they were stably maintained but not expressed until induced. envelope (env) gene expression was dependent upon the viral regulatory protein tat. induction of the mutant env resulted in resistance to cytopathic effects mediated by wild-t ... | 1992 | 1356022 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in brain tissue. | infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 is believed to cause a clinical picture similar to that of hiv-1, although extensive data are not available. in 2 patients with west african exposure and neurologic symptoms, hiv-2 was detected in the central nervous system using dna and rna polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistology. in the first patient, the neurologic disease was most likely due to productive infection with hiv-2. in the second, a combinatio ... | 1992 | 1356128 |
| staphylococcal exotoxin superantigens induce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression in naturally infected cd4+ t cells. | a high proportion of staphylococcus aureus strains of human origin produce one or more exotoxins. in vivo, these toxins may give rise to a variety of clinical syndromes. in vitro, staphylococcal exotoxins have been shown to bind both to human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii molecules on antigen-presenting cells and to the t-cell receptors on large fractions of t cells. the result of this interaction may be proliferation of the t cells, t-cell anergy, or apoptosis, depending on several factors, ... | 1992 | 1356159 |
| early detection of antibodies to hiv-1 by third-generation assays. | third-generation immunoassays for detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have reduced the interval between infection and antibody detection. might such earlier detection diminish the value of the western blot as a confirmatory assay? we compared the sensitivity of one second-generation and two third-generation anti-hiv enzyme immunoassays (eias) with the results from hiv-antigen testing and western blot. 1045 western-blot confirmed anti-hiv positive samples were tested with ... | 1992 | 1356186 |
| how human immunodeficiency virus ravages the immune system. | the immune system of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus is affected in two distinct ways: by loss of cd4+ cells and by loss of t-helper-cell function. neither of these processes is yet fully understood. research during 1991 that investigated the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus and the immune system has raised as many questions as it answered. nevertheless, many of the issues raised are relevant to mechanisms responsible for the ravaging of the immune system b ... | 1992 | 1356347 |
| molecular insights into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pathogenesis. | infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 leads to a persistent but progressive cytopathic process that culminates in the near complete destruction of the cd4+ subset of t cells. the levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and virus burden increase throughout the clinical course of disease reflecting a balance between the viral and cellular regulatory influences as well as the ability of the host immune system to eliminate infected t cells. human immunodeficiency virus ... | 1992 | 1356348 |
| animal models for the study of human immunodeficiency virus infections. | recent studies in animal models have advanced our understanding of determinants of acquired immune deficiency syndrome pathogenesis. they have also indicated the potential importance of both the envelope glycoprotein of the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cell surface molecules in vaccine-elicited protective immunity. | 1992 | 1356349 |
| current status of therapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | the past year has been refinement in our ability to delay the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection through the use of nucleoside analogues, singly or in combination. progress has also been made in our ability to detect drug-resistant isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and to begin to put the laboratory observations of resistance into a clinical context. | 1992 | 1356350 |
| immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected danish men born 1950-59. | to evaluate the possible need for vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), antibodies were measured in blood samples from 78 danish hiv-infected men, born 1950-59, who could be expected to have received primary vaccination before they contracted the hiv infection. no patients (95% confidence interval: 0-4) had tetanus antibodies below the protective level, whereas 24 of the 78 patients (16-33) were unprotected against diphtheria ... | 1992 | 1356366 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a clinical approach comparing aerosolized pentamidine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) was analyzed in 83 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who inhaled aerosolized pentamidine (ap) either for primary prophylaxis (group ia) or secondary prophylaxis (group iia) of pcp. these cohorts were compared with two historical groups of patients who took fansidar (pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine) for primary prophylaxis (group ib) or secondary prophylaxis (group iib) of pcp. the follow-up was 3 ... | 1992 | 1356529 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-infected monocyte-derived macrophages express surface gp120 and fuse with cd4 lymphoid cells in vitro: a possible mechanism of t lymphocyte depletion in vivo. | monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) infected in vitro with a macrophage-tropic strain of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) fused with uninfected, cd4-expressing t lymphoblastoid cells, but not with a subclone of these cells lacking surface cd4. infected mdm also fused with uninfected autologous and heterologous mdm. recombinant soluble cd4 protein (rscd4) (10 micrograms/ml) and full-length recombinant glycosylated gp120 (20 micrograms/ml) each inhibited fusion by 94-99%; the inhibition was dose- ... | 1992 | 1356673 |
| two regulatory proteins that bind to the basic transcription element (bte), a gc box sequence in the promoter region of the rat p-4501a1 gene. | the cdnas for two dna binding proteins of bte, a gc box sequence in the promoter region of the p-450ia1(cyp1a1) gene, have been isolated from a rat liver cdna library by using the bte sequence as a binding probe. while one is for the rat equivalent to human sp1, the other encodes a primary structure of 244 amino acids, a novel dna binding protein designated bteb. both proteins contain a zinc finger domain of cys-cys/his-his motif that is repeated three times with sequence similarity of 72% to ea ... | 1992 | 1356762 |
| forecasts of the costs of medical care for persons with hiv: 1992-1995. | this study concludes that the cumulative (national) cost of treating all persons with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) rose considerably over the past year and will continue to rise over the next several years. it is forecast that the cumulative cost of treating all persons with hiv will increase 48% from 1992 to 1995 (from $10.3 billion to $15.2 billion). it is estimated that the average yearly cost of treating a person with aids is $38,300 and of treating an infected person without aids ... | 1992 | 1356925 |
| molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a review of twenty-seven patients. | molluscum contagiosum (mc) is a common and at times severely disfiguring cutaneous viral infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1357010 |
| evaluation of a new generation synthetic peptide combination assay for detection of antibodies to hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i, and htlv-ii simultaneously. | a new generation combination test (detect-plus, iaf biochem, montreal, canada) based on synthetic peptides for hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i, and htlv-ii was compared with three routine commercial screening assays and confirmatory assays to determine its sensitivity and specificity and to evaluate it as a substitute screening method. samples from 356 sexually transmitted disease (std) patients were tested by the four screening tests. all initially reactive samples were retested in duplicate by the corres ... | 1992 | 1357083 |