| a web-based multimedia spatial information system to document aedes aegypti breeding sites and dengue fever risk along the us-mexico border. | this paper describes a web-based multimedia spatial information system used to support a study of the re-invasion of aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector for dengue fever, in the deserts of the southwest united states/northwest mexico. the system was developed applying open geospatial consortium and world wide web consortium open specifications and using open source software. the system creates a sensory-rich environment, one which allows users to interact with the system to explore connections am ... | 2006 | 16290210 |
| discrimination of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) laboratory lines based on wing geometry. | recent techniques of geometric morphometrics were applied to the study of four thailand laboratory lines of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. these lines differed by their geographic origin and the number of generations spent in the laboratory. using a phase contrast microscope, a set of sixteen landmarks of the wings could be identified. a subsequent procrustean superposition analysis produced the corresponding size and shape variables which were statistically analyzed. size showed a significant ... | 2005 | 16295537 |
| surveillance of dengue vector at thiruvananthapuram (kerala) international airport. | a survey of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes was undertaken in and around the international airport at thiruvananthapuram during premonsoon season. an attempt has been made in this paper to elaborate on the presence of risk potential for dengue /yellow fever at the airport with the detection of aedes breeding. the entomological indices have also been discussed with regard to presence of potential wet containers and rate of infestation by aedes mosquitoes. the airport area was searched for aedes (ste ... | 2004 | 16295677 |
| outlook of dengue in malaysia: a century later. | dengue continues to be a major health threat to malaysia a century after its first reported outbreak in 1902. examination of the available outbreak data suggested that a major df/dhf outbreak occurred in malaysia in a cyclical pattern of approximately every 8 years. all four dengue virus serotypes are found co-circulating in malaysia, but after the first and only major outbreak involving den-4 in 1960's, only den-1, den-2 and den-3 were associated with df/dhf outbreaks. it is argued that perhaps ... | 2002 | 16329552 |
| host range, amplification and arboviral disease emergence. | etiologic agents of arboviral diseases are primarily zoonotic pathogens that are maintained in nature in cycles involving arthropod transmission among a variety of susceptible reservoir hosts. in the simplest form of human exposure, spillover occurs from the enzootic cycle when humans enter zoonotic foci and/or enzootic amplification increases circulation near humans. examples include eastern (eeev) and western equine encephalitis viruses (weev), as well as west nile (wnv), st. louis encephaliti ... | 2005 | 16358422 |
| efficacy of thermal fog application of deltacide, a synergized mixture of pyrethroids, against aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue. | we evaluated the efficacy of indoor and peridomestic thermal fog applications of deltacide, a synergized mixture of pyrethroids (s-bioallethrin 0.7% w/v, deltamethrin 0.5% w/v and piperonyl butoxide 8.9% w/v) against adult populations of aedes aegypti in chennai, tamil nadu, india. we bioassayed adult caged mosquitoes, counted indoor resting and human landing adult mosquitoes and assessed the percentage of potential breeding sites with aedes larvae. the bioassay mortalities indicated that the kn ... | 2005 | 16359411 |
| insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus across thailand. | aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), two important vectors of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, were collected from mae sot, nakhon sawan, nakhon ratchasima, surat thani, and phatthalung, thailand, from july 2003 to april 2004. the patterns of insecticide susceptibility to temephos, malathion, and permethrin of both ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus larvae were determined. ae. aegypti from all study sites were resistant to permethrin, they but were susceptible to malathion. res ... | 2005 | 16363166 |
| effectiveness of methoprene, an insect growth regulator, against temephos-resistant aedes aegypti populations from different brazilian localities, under laboratory conditions. | the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (l.) larvae from several brazilian populations to the juvenile hormone analog methoprene and the organophosphate insecticide temephos were investigated. populations from natal (northeastern region), macapá (northern region), and jardim américa, rio de janeiro (southeastern region) are temephos-resistant (rr90 = 24.4, 13.3, and 15.8, respectively), whereas populations from presidente prudente (southeastern region) and porto velho (northern region) exhibit only ... | 2005 | 16363168 |
| quantitative analysis of dengue-2 virus rna during the extrinsic incubation period in individual aedes aegypti. | dengue virus-2 (denv-2) rna was quantified from the midgut and legs of individual aedes aegypti at each of 14 days postinfectious blood meal (dpi) in a denv-2 susceptible strain from chetumal, mexico. a sybr green i based strand-specific, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed. the lower detection and quantitation limits were 20 and 200 copies per reaction, respectively. amounts of positive and negative strand viral rna strands were co ... | 2006 | 16407358 |
| [cultural conceptions on dengue in urban contexts in mexico]. | to explore the conceptual dimensions of dengue in the urban context, aiming at creating hypotheses about community attitudes toward prevention campaigns. | 2006 | 16410993 |
| effect of temperature and insecticide stresses on aedes aegypti larvae and their influence on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to dengue-2 virus. | two major factors, higher temperatures and the application of insecticides, can drastically alter the genetic structure of a vector mosquito population. due to these two stresses, the majority of the population gets wiped out, but the ones that withstand the stress and survive are likely to pass on survivability, and have an altered physiology. our study shows that exposures to higher temperatures and ddt during the larval stage affects their susceptibility as adult mosquitoes to the den-2 virus ... | 2005 | 16438138 |
| detection of dengue virus serotype 3 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) captured in manaus, amazonas. | the detection of dengue virus serotypes from aedes aegypti in manaus, state of amazonas was carried out using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. fourteen pools out 82 (17.1%) were positive for denv3, providing a minimal infection rate of 2.1% of all analyzed infected female specimens of three different areas of the city. | 2006 | 16444413 |
| aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) in moorea, french polynesia: a study of adult population structures and pathogen (wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis) infection rates to indicate regional and seasonal epidemiological risk for dengue and filariasis. | populations of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes polynesiensis (marks) on moorea island, french polynesia, the local vectors of dengue and filariasis, respectively, were sampled by landing/biting collection at nine localities on the east, north, and west coasts, during the late dry season, early and late wet season (september-may) 2003 and 2004, to investigate epidemiologically important features of the populations and compare them between regions and months. biting rates of both species tended to in ... | 2005 | 16465747 |
| use of the pupal survey technique for measuring aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) productivity in puerto rico. | the hypothesis tested was that most pupae of aedes aegypti are produced in a few types of containers so that vector control efforts could concentrate on eliminating the most productive ones and thus prevent dengue outbreaks. pupal surveys were conducted twice in 2004 in an urban area in southern puerto rico. a total 35,030 immature mosquitoes (iii and iv instars, pupae) was counted in 1,367 containers found with water in 624 premises during the first survey. only pupae were counted in the second ... | 2006 | 16474086 |
| identification and characterization of an odorant receptor from the west nile virus mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus. | members of the culex pipens mosquito group including c. quinquefasciatus are responsible for the transmission of bancroftian filarisis as well as west nile virus (wnv) in the united states. as is the case for other mosquitoes, the host preference of this disease vector relies on olfaction and accordingly mediated via g-protein coupled signal transduction pathways. here, we identify and characterize cqor7, the first candidate member of the odorant receptor gene family from c. quinquefasciatus. cq ... | 2006 | 16503478 |
| evaluation of novel insecticides for control of dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | insecticides are one of the major tools for controlling vector populations and for reducing the transmission of human pathogens. however, there are few new insecticides being developed and marketed for vector control. herein, we report on the toxicity of six novel insecticides to both adult and larval aedes aegypti (l). and the toxicity of three novel insect growth regulators (igrs) to larvae. four insecticides were highly or moderately toxic to larvae with lc50 values of 16 (chlorfenapyr), 70 ( ... | 2006 | 16506447 |
| engineering rna interference-based resistance to dengue virus type 2 in genetically modified aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) were genetically modified to exhibit impaired vector competence for dengue type 2 viruses (denv-2). we exploited the natural antiviral rna interference (rnai) pathway in the mosquito midgut by constructing an effector gene that expresses an inverted-repeat (ir) rna derived from the premembrane protein coding region of the denv-2 rna genome. the a. aegypti carboxypeptidase a promoter was used to express the ir rna in midgut epithelial cells after ingestion of a bloodmea ... | 2006 | 16537508 |
| development of a live attenuated dengue virus vaccine using reverse genetics. | there are four serotypes of dengue (den1-den4) virus that are endemic in most areas of southeast asia, central and south america, and other subtropical regions. the number of cases of severe disease associated with den virus infection is growing because of the continued spread of the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, which transmits the virus to humans. infection with den virus can result in an asymptomatic infection, a febrile illness called dengue fever (df), and the very severe disease called d ... | 2006 | 16553547 |
| early determination of the reproductive number for vector-borne diseases: the case of dengue in brazil. | to evaluate a new method of deriving the reproductive number for vector-borne diseases from the early epidemic curves for vector-borne diseases with incubations in the vectors and in the hosts. | 2006 | 16553913 |
| [community participation in dengue prevention: an approach from the perspective of different social actors]. | to explore the perceptions about community participation in dengue fever control during formative research for a community project. | 2006 | 16555533 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a 15th symposium. abstracts. | the 15th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 71st annual meeting in vancouver, british columbia, canada, in april 2005. the principal objective, as for the previous 14 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 40 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as po ... | 2005 | 16570381 |
| evaluation of the present dengue situation and control strategies against aedes aegypti in cebu city, philippines. | the present dengue situation and methods to control aedes aegypti larvae in cebu city, philippines, were evaluated for the development of an integrated community-based dengue control program. the study included the detection of dengue infection among filipino patients, surveying mosquito breeding sites to determine larval population density of aedes aegypti, an evaluation of public knowledge, attitude, and personal protection practices against dengue, and an evaluation of the efficacy of vectoba ... | 2005 | 16599163 |
| the use of an experimental hut for evaluating the entering and exiting behavior of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), a primary vector of dengue in thailand. | | 2005 | 16599177 |
| human and mosquito infections by dengue viruses during and after epidemics in a dengue-endemic region of colombia. | we conducted a study in a dengue-endemic area of colombia to evaluate the dynamics of transmission of dengue viruses during and after epidemics. information was simultaneously gathered about occurrence of infection in humans and mosquitoes every three months in four cities with endemic transmission. viral isolation was confirmed in 6.7% of the persons and most were asymptomatic. adult mosquito and larvae house indexes were not found associated with increased burden of disease. the only entomolog ... | 2006 | 16607005 |
| dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on aedes aegypti populations in kamphaeng phet, thailand. | a knowledge, attitude, and practice (kap) survey and an extensive entomologic survey were conducted in two sub-districts of kamphaeng phet province, thailand, to test the hypothesis that correct dengue knowledge and practice reduce dengue vector populations. we found a negative association between respondents' knowledge of preventive measures and the number of unprotected containers in and around their houses. knowledge of development sites was positively associated with unprotected containers. ... | 2006 | 16607007 |
| aedes aegypti pupal/demographic surveys in southern mexico: consistency and practicality. | in interventions aimed at the control of the immature stages of aedes aegypti (l.), the principal vector of the dengue viruses, attempts are often made to treat or manage all larval habitats in households. when there are resource-constraints, however, a concentration of effort on the types of container that produce the most pupae may be required. identification of these 'key' container types requires surveys of the immature stages and particularly - since these give the best estimates of the num ... | 2006 | 16630388 |
| sample-size requirements for developing strategies, based on the pupal/demographic survey, for the targeted control of dengue. | several methods to determine the sample size required for a reliable and practical assessment of the number of aedes aegypti pupae in a community in puerto rico have been explored. because the pupae were highly aggregated, the data were fitted to a negative binomial distribution. classical statistical-inference methods for sample-size determination demanded the sampling of >3,000 premises for a reliable estimation of the mean number of pupae/person (with a 15% error). this number was reduced to ... | 2006 | 16630389 |
| application of the pupal/demographic-survey methodology in an area of havana, cuba, with low densities of aedes aegypti (l.). | between the april and december of 2004, an aedes aegypti (l.) pupal/demographic survey was conducted in the playa municipality of havana. the aims were to identify the key types of container in the production of the adult mosquitoes (and so provide a basis for targeted control) and assess transmission risk in terms of the number of pupae/person. pupal abundance, as measured in the survey, was compared with traditional stegomyia indices. the immature stages of ae. aegypti were only found in 70 of ... | 2006 | 16630390 |
| use of the pupal/demographic-survey technique to identify the epidemiologically important types of containers producing aedes aegypti (l.) in a dengue-endemic area of venezuela. | as dengue continues to emerge as a major public-health problem world-wide, efforts to control the dengue vector aedes aegypti must become more effective and efficient. results from larval and pupal surveys applied in venezuela illustrate the uniqueness of the information gained from pupal surveys; information that is lost when traditional stegomyia indices are calculated. as most ae. aegypti pupae will emerge to become adults, controlling the containers that produce the most pupae could have the ... | 2006 | 16630391 |
| application of the pupal/demographic-survey methodology to identify the key container habitats of aedes aegypti (l.) in malindi district, kenya. | the pupal/demographic-survey methodology was evaluated in three coastal areas (one urban, one peri-urban and one rural) of malindi district, kenya, in attempts to identify the types of domestic container that are most productive for aedes aegypti (l.) pupae. the results demonstrated the practicality and consistency of the methodology, as a tool both for identifying and guiding the targeted control of the most productive container habitats, and for determining the mean numbers of pupae/person, as ... | 2006 | 16630392 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) production from non-residential sites in the amazonian city of iquitos, peru. | programmes for the surveillance of aedes aegypti (l.) often focus on residential areas, ignoring non-residential sites. between november 2003 and october 2004, pupal/demographic surveys were therefore conducted in non-residential sites in the peruvian city of iquitos. the sampled sites included schools, factories, ports, public markets, petrol stations, commercial zones, airports, government buildings, animal-production areas, and recreational areas. compared with the residential sites that had ... | 2006 | 16630393 |
| pupal-productivity surveys to identify the key container habitats of aedes aegypti (l.) in barranquilla, the principal seaport of colombia. | surveys were conducted in three neighbourhoods of barranquilla, the main seaport of colombia, to identify, using counts of pupae in water containers during the wet and dry seasons, the most productive aedes aegypti breeding sites. overall, 3,433 premises were investigated in the wet season and 3,563 in the dry, representing, respectively, 82.3% and 84.6% of the total numbers of premises in the study areas. despite a reasonably reliable supply of piped water, there were still some large storage c ... | 2006 | 16630394 |
| geographical information system (gis) in investigation of an outbreak. | an outbreak of fever in a village in southern india was reported on 1st september, 2001. the first reported case presented with epistaxis and a platelet count of 27000h(1)/mm3. clinical, laboratory and entomological evidence supported a diagnosis of dengue fever. one third of the village was affected and 3.7 % of the population presented with haemorrhagic symptoms; none were fatal. five acute cases tested for dengue specific igm showed that two were positive. the larvae of aedes aegypti were dis ... | 2005 | 16637399 |
| the association of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in allende, nuevo león, mexico. | the recent appearance of aedes stegomyia albopictus (skuse) in nuevo león (nl) worries health officials. it is a vector of dengue fever in asia and is more resistant to lower temperatures than ae. aegypti. the objective of this study was to learn about some ecological parameters of ae. albopictus and their association with ae. aegypti, and other culicids in allende, nl, mexico, during 1999. allende is a small town close to metropolitan monterrey, which has 4 million inhabitants. the design was r ... | 2006 | 16646314 |
| susceptibility of laboratory and field-collected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14. | susceptibility levels of a few laboratory-cultured and dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at different storage ages were studied. the susceptibility of laboratory-cultured world health organization (who) bora bora reference, vector control research unit (vcru), and fumakilla malaysia berhad (fmb) strains of ae. aegypti to bti was examined. the sensitivity to bti decreased with storage age. the median letha ... | 2006 | 16646329 |
| inhibition of adult emergence of aedes aegypti in simulated domestic water-storage containers by using a controlled-release formulation of pyriproxyfen. | concrete domestic water-storage jars are a common larval habitat of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in countries of southeast asia. the efficacy of a novel controlled-release formulation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen, designed to inhibit adult emergence for 6 months (the approximate duration of the main dengue transmission season in many endemic countries) was tested in cambodia against a local strain of ae. aegypti in 200-liter jars. the resin-based formulation contained 4.8% acti ... | 2006 | 16646342 |
| larvicidal activity of essential oils from brazilian croton species against aedes aegypti l. | aedes aegypti is the major vector of dengue fever, an endemic disease in brazil. in an effort to find effective and affordable ways of controlling this mosquito, the larvicidal activities of essential oils from croton species widely found in northeastern brazil were analyzed. the essential oils were extracted by steam distillation, and their chemical composition was determined by gas liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. the main components were methyleugenol and alpha-copaene fo ... | 2006 | 16646345 |
| aedes aegypti larval indices and risk for dengue epidemics. | we assessed in a case-control study the test-validity of aedes larval indices for the 2000 havana outbreak. "cases" were blocks where a dengue fever patient lived during the outbreak. "controls" were randomly sampled blocks. before, during, and after the epidemic, we calculated breteau index (bi) and house index at the area, neighborhood, and block level. we constructed receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves to determine their performance as predictors of dengue transmission. we observed ... | 2006 | 16704841 |
| [abundance indices of larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in córdoba city]. | in 1995, aedes aegypti, vector of the flavivirus dengue and yellow fever, reached the province. therefore, it is necessary to quantify the vector abundance in order to determine the level of risk and to evaluate the prevention and control actions implemented. | 2003 | 16724440 |
| effective control of dengue vectors with curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide in mexico and venezuela: cluster randomised trials. | to measure the impact on the dengue vector population (aedes aegypti) and disease transmission of window curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide. | 2006 | 16735334 |
| comparative structure-activity analysis of insect kinin core analogs on recombinant kinin receptors from southern cattle tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the systematic analysis of structure-activity relationships of insect kinins on two heterologous receptor-expressing systems is described. previously, kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), and the dengue vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.), were functionally and stably expressed in cho-k1 cells. in order to determine which kinin residues are critical for the peptide-receptor interaction, kinin core analogs were synthesized as an ala-replacement seri ... | 2006 | 16783824 |
| towards active community participation in dengue vector control: results from action research in santiago de cuba, cuba. | community participation is advocated as essential for attaining effective dengue prevention, but knowledge of how to foster this is limited. in santiago de cuba, multiple small task forces were created at the neighbourhood level that included all stakeholders in the control of aedes aegypti. the task forces assessed the perceived needs and elaborated action plans to promote specific behavioural change and to reduce environmental risks through social communication strategies and intersectoral loc ... | 2007 | 16824565 |
| a stochastic population dynamics model for aedes aegypti: formulation and application to a city with temperate climate. | aedes aegypti is the main vector for dengue and urban yellow fever. it is extended around the world not only in the tropical regions but also beyond them, reaching temperate climates. because of its importance as a vector of deadly diseases, the significance of its distribution in urban areas and the possibility of breeding in laboratory facilities, aedes aegypti is one of the best-known mosquitoes. in this work the biology of aedes aegypti is incorporated into the framework of a stochastic popu ... | 2006 | 16832731 |
| infectious clone construction of dengue virus type 2, strain jamaican 1409, and characterization of a conditional e6 mutation. | a full-length infectious cdna clone (ic) was constructed from the genome of the dengue virus type 2 (denv-2) jamaica83 1409 strain, pbac1409ic, by using a bacterial artifical chromosome plasmid system. infectious virus was generated and characterized for growth in cell culture and for infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. during construction, an isoleucine to methionine (ile-->met) change was found at position 6 in the envelope glycoprotein sequence between low- and high-passage denv-2 1409 str ... | 2006 | 16847122 |
| dengue vector surveillance in urban residential and settlement areas in selangor, malaysia. | ovitrap surveillance was conducted in two urban residential areas (taman samudera timur and taman samudera selatan) and in a settlement area (kampung banjar), which is located 16 km from kuala lumpur city center, malaysia. in taman samudera, dengue cases were reported monthly in 2003/2004. thus, a study was initiated to determine the distribution and abundance of dengue vectors, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. the ovitrap surveillance indicated that ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus were present ... | 2005 | 16880752 |
| field bioefficacy of deltamethrin residual spraying against dengue vectors. | field bioefficacy of residual-sprayed deltamethrin against aedes vectors was evaluated in an urban residential area in kuala lumpur. the trial area consisted of single storey wood-brick houses and a block of flat. the houses were treated with outdoor residual spraying while the flat was used as an untreated control. initial pre-survey using ovitrap surveillance indicated high aedes population in the area. deltamethrin wg was sprayed at a dosage of 25mg/m2 using a compression sprayer. the effecti ... | 2005 | 16883280 |
| protein synthesized by dengue infected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | the main objective of this study was to compare protein profiles of whole mosquitoes of malaysian aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus after infection with virus and to investigate whether dengue virus would induce protein secretion in ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. using sds -page, it was shown that in uninfected ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus, the protein bands were within the range of 14 - 80 kda with most of the bands overlapping for the two species. comparison of the protein profile of infec ... | 2005 | 16883293 |
| dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever--a diagnostic challenge. | the number of cases of dengue fever in returning travellers is increasing worldwide. in australia, two mosquito vectors exist and the aedes aegypti mosquito has already been responsible for local transmission within queensland. for these reasons, general practitioners need to be able to recognise dengue fever and its complications: dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome. infections can vary from severe to asymptomatic. the incubation period, duration of fevers, presence of ras ... | 2006 | 16894436 |
| wolbachia transinfection in aedes aegypti: a potential gene driver of dengue vectors. | the endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus wolbachia are capable of inducing a wide range of reproductive abnormalities in their hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which could lead to the replacement of uninfected host populations with infected ones. because of this, wolbachia have attracted considerable interest as a potential mechanism for spreading disease-blocking transgenes through vector populations. here we report the establishment of double wolbachia transinfection by direct ... | 2006 | 16895998 |
| chikungunya virus infection. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which causes epidemic fever, rash and polyarthralgia in africa and asia. two outbreaks have been reported in malaysia, in klang, selangor (1998) and bagan panchor, perak (2006). it is not known if the outbreaks were caused by the recent introduction of chikv, or if the virus was already circulating in malaysia. seroprevalence studies from the 1960s suggested previous disease activity in certain parts of the country. in asia, chikv is thoug ... | 2006 | 16898330 |
| geographic and temporal genetic patterns of aedes aegypti populations in rio de janeiro, brazil. | rio de janeiro is considered as the most important entry point for dengue viruses in brazil. using isoenzyme markers, we investigated the genetic structure of the mosquito vector aedes aegypti sampled at three-month intervals in 14 districts in rio de janeiro from december 2002 to december 2003. we detected high levels of genetic differentiation (i.e. high f(st) values and significant p values), which tended to persist throughout the year. the species does not take advantage of routes and railwa ... | 2006 | 16903890 |
| host-seeking strategies of mosquito disease vectors. | disease transmission by arthropods normally requires at least 2 host contacts. during the first, a pathogen (nematode, protozoan, or virus) is acquired along with the blood from an infected vertebrate host. the pathogen penetrates the vector's midgut and infects a variety of tissues, where replication may occur during an extrinsic incubation period lasting 3-30, days depending on vector and parasite physiology and ambient temperature. following salivary-gland infection, the pathogen is usually t ... | 2005 | 16921679 |
| [frequency and spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera, culicidae) in rio de janeiro, brazil]. | we evaluated the intra- and peri-domiciliary distribution of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in urban, suburban, and rural districts in the municipalities of nova iguaçu and rio de janeiro, brazil, from august 2002 to july 2004. mostly ae. aegypti females and males were captured in urban areas (56%) and indoors (78%), suggesting a preference by this species to rest inside houses and in areas with high human density, a behavior that favors vector-human contact. meanwhile, ae. albopictus females ... | 2006 | 16951879 |
| [ecological factors linked to the presence of aedes aegypti larvae in highly infested areas of playa, a municipality belonging to ciudad de la habana, cuba]. | to identify local ecological factors that might have had an impact on the higher infestation rates by the vector mosquito aedes aegypti seen in four urban health districts of ciudad de la habana, cuba, and to determine the type of containers with the highest number of larvae. | 2006 | 16968592 |
| the four serotypes of dengue recognize the same putative receptors in aedes aegypti midgut and ae. albopictus cells. | dengue viruses (denv) attach to the host cell surface and subsequently enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis. several primary and low affinity co-receptors for this flavivirus have been identified. however, the presence of these binding molecules on the cell surface does not necessarily render the cell susceptible to infection. determination of which of them serve as bona fide receptors for this virus in the vector may be relevant to treating denv infection and in designing control str ... | 2006 | 17014723 |
| potential of ancestral sylvatic dengue-2 viruses to re-emerge. | dengue viruses (denv) are the most important arboviral pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. denv transmission includes both a sylvatic, enzootic cycle between nonhuman primates and arboreal mosquitoes of the genus aedes, and an urban, endemic/epidemic cycle between aedes aegypti, a mosquito with larval development in peridomestic water containers, and human reservoir hosts. all 4 serotypes of endemic denv evolved independently from ancestral sylvatic viruses and ha ... | 2007 | 17014880 |
| different spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus along an urban-rural gradient and the relating environmental factors examined in three villages in northern thailand. | a larval survey of dengue vectors was conducted from july to november 1966 and from may to november 1997 in chiangmai province, thailand. three villages in urban, transition, and rural areas were selected for the survey to clarify the spatial distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus along an urban-rural ecological gradient. the average number of ae. aegypti larvae in larvitraps was higher in the urban area than in the rural area, as we expected, whereas the opposite was found for ae. albop ... | 2006 | 17019767 |
| new tools for surveillance of adult yellow fever mosquitoes: comparison of trap catches with human landing rates in an urban environment. | a novel mosquito trapping system, the bg-sentinel trap, was evaluated as a monitoring tool for adult aedes aegypti in field tests in the city of belo horizonte, brazil. human landing/biting collections, a gas-powered co2 trap, and a fay-prince trap with only visual cues serving as references to evaluate the efficacy of the new trap. the bg-sentinel is a simple suction trap that uses upward-directed air currents as well as visual cues to attract mosquitoes. the trap was tested with a new dispense ... | 2006 | 17019768 |
| space treatments of insecticide for control of dengue virus vector aedes aegypti in southern mexico. i. baseline penetration trials in open field and houses. | we studied the efficacy of space ultra-low volume treatments of 3 insecticides for the control of the dengue virus vector aedes aegypti in southern mexico. insecticides tested were permethrin (aqua-reslin super), d-phenothrin (anvil), and cyfluthrin (solfac), applied at rates of 10.87, 7.68, and 2 g/ha, respectively, by using london fog, hp910-phxl, or micro-gen pumps mounted on vehicles. studies included 1) open field penetration tests and 2) house penetration tests. open field tests indicated ... | 2006 | 17019777 |
| molecular detection of dengue viruses in field caught aedes aegypti mosquitoes from northeastern argentina. | most molecular protocols for dengue virus detection described so far are time consuming and cumbersome with mosquito samples. in order to count with a sensitive and specific molecular detection system for monitoring possible dengue outbreaks and circulating viral serotypes in field-caught aedes aegypti populations from northeastern argentina, a rt-pcr and rflp assay was developed. the original rt-pcr assay proposed by sudiro et al. for human serum was optimized for mosquito samples. modification ... | 2005 | 17061532 |
| long-lasting effects of a bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis experimental tablet formulation for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) control. | dengue is a growing public health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. at present, the only method of controlling or preventing the disease is to eliminate its vector, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). in the current study, an experimental larvicide tablet formulation xl-47 based on bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) and containing 4.8% of technical powder was developed. this formulation was evaluated against ae. aegypti in three different sets of ex ... | 2006 | 17066787 |
| discovery of a widespread infestation of aedes albopictus in the torres strait, australia. | aedes albopictus is a container-breeding stegomyia mosquito that has dispersed widely from its origins in southeast asia. because ae. albopictus is a known dengue vector and a potential vector of a variety of arboviruses and it can tolerate cooler climates than aedes aegypti, australian quarantine and health authorities have strategies to detect and eliminate it from international ports. following the detection of 42 adult ae. albopictus in bg-sentinel traps set on yorke island in the torres str ... | 2006 | 17067032 |
| population genetic structure of the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti in venezuela. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue in venezuela. the genetic structure of this vector was investigated in 24 samples collected from eight geographic regions separated by up to 1160 km. we examined the distribution of a 359-basepair region of the nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 mitochondrial gene among 1144 ae. aegypti from eight collections. this gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and tested for variation using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. ... | 2006 | 17072474 |
| entomological indices of aedes aegypti at some international airports and seaports of southern india--a report. | entomological surveys were undertaken at some of the international airports/seaports (bangalore, calicut, chennai, cochin, thiruvanathapuram and vishakapatnam) to find out the breeding prevalence of dengue vector mosquito in diverse breeding containers from 1998 to 2004. three vector indices (house index, container index and breateu index) were used to assess the breeding potential at each airport/seaport. international health regulations urged national governments to keep all the international ... | 2005 | 17080700 |
| clinical presentations and laboratory findings in suspected cases of dengue virus. | to study the clinical presentations and laboratory findings of patients presented with fever in a hospital in portsudan, sudan and to detect dengue virus antibodies in their blood. | 2006 | 17106547 |
| double infection of heteroserotypes of dengue viruses in field populations of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) and serological features of dengue viruses found in patients in southern thailand. | in order to understand more about the epidemiology of dhf, a study of the type of dengue viruses and vectors under natural conditions was carried out. mosquito vectors in the field and the serum of dhf patients in southern thailand were examined. the two mosquito species are abundant and dhf incidence remains high in this region. dengue viruses were examined in field-caught mosquitoes by rt-pcr technique. the mosquitoes were caught in 4 provinces: krabi, phuket, phang-nga and surat thani during ... | 2006 | 17120966 |
| aedes aegypti vectorial capacity is determined by the infecting genotype of dengue virus. | dengue viruses causing severe, hemorrhagic disease have displaced less virulent strains in the americas during the past three decades. the american (am) genotype of dengue serotype 2 has been endemic in the western hemisphere and south pacific, causing outbreaks of dengue fever (df), but has not been linked to dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf). the southeast asian (sea) genotype of dengue was introduced into this hemisphere in 1981, has caused outbreaks with numerous cases of dhf, and has displaced ... | 2006 | 17123982 |
| growth characteristics of chimerivax-den vaccine viruses in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from thailand. | four chimeric yellow fever (yf) 17d-dengue (den) candidate vaccine viruses (chimerivax-den; acambis, cambridge, ma) were characterized in aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected from thailand. the four vaccine viruses contained the relevant prm and e genes of wild-type dengue viruses (denv; serotypes 1-4) substituted for the equivalent genes in the yf vaccine virus (17d) backbone. each chimera conferred protection against the homologous denv serotype; a tetravalent mix of all four ... | 2006 | 17124001 |
| vectorbase: a home for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. | vectorbase (http://www.vectorbase.org/) is a web-accessible data repository for information about invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. vectorbase annotates and maintains vector genomes providing an integrated resource for the research community. currently, vectorbase contains genome information for two organisms: anopheles gambiae, a vector for the plasmodium protozoan agent causing malaria, and aedes aegypti, a vector for the flaviviral agents causing yellow fever and dengue fever. | 2007 | 17145709 |
| movement of dengue vectors between the human modified environment and an urban forest in rio de janeiro. | the movement of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) females between sylvatic and urban environments was investigated by marking, releasing, and recapturing adults and by identifying rubidium (rb)-marked eggs of females that were released after taking a bloodmeal containing rbci. when released in the forest, ae. albopictus females flew as far as 1000 m and reached houses within 1 wk. when ae. albopictus were released close to houses, most females were recaptured near the release point ... | 2006 | 17162942 |
| laboratory evaluation of pyriproxyfen and spinosad, alone and in combination, against aedes aegypti larvae. | in this study, the efficacy of pyriproxyfen and spinosad, alone and in combination, was evaluated against the dengue vector aedes aegypti (l.). larval bioassays were carried out on susceptible mosquito larvae to determine the concentration-mortality responses of mosquitoes exposed to each insecticide alone and in mixture. synergism between pyriproxyfen and spinosad was determined by the calculation of a combination index (ci) by using the isobologram method. for pyriproxyfen, lc50 and lc95 were ... | 2006 | 17162952 |
| effect of novaluron (rimon 10 ec) on the mosquitoes anopheles albimanus, anopheles pseudopunctipennis, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus from chiapas, mexico. | dengue fever is a serious problem in mexico and vector control has not been effective enough at preventing outbreaks. malaria is largely under control, but it is important that new control measures continue to be developed. novaluron, a novel host-specific insect growth regulator and chitin synthesis inhibitor, has proved to be effective against agricultural pests, but its efficacy against larval mosquito vectors under field conditions remains unknown. in accordance with the world health organiz ... | 2006 | 17199749 |
| chikungunya. | chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans by the bite of infected aedes aegypti mosquito. like malaria and dengue, this infection has almost become endemic in india, especially central and south india. symptoms of sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, joint pain with or without swelling, low back pain, and rash are very similar to those of dengue but, unlike dengue, there is no hemorrhagic or shock syndrome form. chikungunya is a self-limiting illness with n ... | 2006 | 17212022 |
| climate, mosquito indices and the epidemiology of dengue fever in trinidad (2002-2004). | between january 2002 and december 2004, a population-based study on the effects of climate and mosquito indices on the incidences of dengue fever (df) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) was conducted in trinidad, west indies. the incidence of df was 5.05 cases/1000 population in 2002, largely as the result of a major outbreak, but declined to 0.49 case/1000 in 2004. the monthly aedes aegypti (l.) breteau indices (bi) did not decline over the 3-year study period, however, but increased from a me ... | 2007 | 17244411 |
| physiological state of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti mosquitoes captured with mosquitraps in mirassol, são paulo, brazil. | we examined the best location in a house to install mosquitraps, sticky ovitraps that attract and capture aedes aegypti females and investigated the physiological state of captured female mosquitoes. the study was performed in a twenty-block area in mirassol, são paulo state, brazil, in which five blocks were randomly chosen for mosquitrap installation. in each block, four houses were selected for the installation of eight traps: four indoors (bedroom, living room, bathroom, and kitchen) and fou ... | 2006 | 17249346 |
| aedes aegypti survival and dengue transmission patterns in french guiana. | field survival of aedes aegypti females is a key parameter for estimating the dengue transmission potential of a mosquito population. the objectives of this study were to explore the dynamics of these survival rates at different times of the year in french guiana and to analyze the results from the perspective of dengue patterns. the mosquitoes were captured, marked, released, and recaptured during four consecutive days in six houses every month, for three to 24 months, from january 1997 to dece ... | 2006 | 17249358 |
| mosquitoes do senesce: departure from the paradigm of constant mortality. | although variation in mortality is considered by virtually all vector-borne disease specialists to be one of the most important determinants of an arthropod's capacity to transmit pathogens, the operational assumption often is that insect vector mortality is independent of age. acceptance of the non-senescence assumption leads to the erroneous conclusion that mosquito age is unimportant, results in misleading predictions regarding disease reductions after vector control, and represses study of o ... | 2007 | 17255238 |
| dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | to be transmitted by its mosquito vector, dengue virus (denv) must infect midgut epithelial cells, replicate and disseminate into the hemocoel, and finally infect the salivary glands, which is essential for transmission. the extrinsic incubation period (eip) is very relevant epidemiologically and is the time required from the ingestion of virus until it can be transmitted to the next vertebrate host. the eip is conditioned by the kinetics and tropisms of virus replication in its vector. here we ... | 2007 | 17263893 |
| [insects know no border.]. | one of the major consequences of the joined action of demographic pressure and evolution of human activities lies in enormous increase of transportation, both in frequence and speed; taking advantage of these facilities, some arthropods could increase their geographical distribution and create new health threats. several demonstrative examples are exposed in order to illustrate this anthropic dissemination of the vectors : the introduction of anopheles gambiae s.l. in mauritius island between 18 ... | 1996 | 17292311 |
| higher genetic variation estimated by microsatellites compared to isoenzyme markers in aedes aegypti from rio de janeiro. | aedes aegypti populations from five districts in rio de janeiro were analyzed using five microsatellites and six isoenzyme markers, to assess the amount of variation and patterns of gene flow at local levels. microsatellite loci were polymorphic enough to detect genetic differentiation of populations collected at small geographic scales (e.g. within a city). ae. aegypti populations were highly differentiated as well in the city center as in the outskirt. thus, dengue virus propagation by mosquit ... | 2006 | 17293988 |
| passage of ingested mansonella ozzardi (spirurida: onchocercidae) microfilariae through the midgut of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | when virus and microfilariae are ingested concurrently by a mosquito, microfilariae (mf) may penetrate the mosquito midgut and introduce virus directly into the mosquito hemocoel, allowing mosquitoes to become infectious much sooner than normal and enhancing transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. mansonella ozzardi (manson) is a benign filarial nematode parasite of humans in latin america and is transmitted by black flies (diptera: simuliidae) and biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). becaus ... | 2007 | 17294928 |
| persistence of dengue virus rna in dried aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) exposed to natural tropical conditions. | aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of dengue viruses, a group of four serotypic single-stranded rna viruses. dengue virus rna can be readily detected in fresh or dried infected mosquitoes by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the current study examined the persistence and limit of dengue virus rna detection in infected ae. aegypti killed and exposed to natural ambient tropical conditions of temperature and humidity. under relatively harsh conditions, dengue rna ... | 2007 | 17294936 |
| dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever: history and current status. | dengue fever (df) is an old disease; the first record of a clinically compatible disease being recorded in a chinese medical encyclopaedia in 992. as the global shipping industry expanded in the 18th and 19th centuries, port cities grew and became more urbanized, creating ideal conditions for the principal mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. both the mosquitoes and the viruses were thus spread to new geographic areas causing major epidemics. because dispersal was by sailing ship, however, there were ... | 2006 | 17319151 |
| mixed breeding of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus skuse in four dengue endemic areas in kuala lumpur and selangor, malaysia. | ovitrap surveillance was conducted in four dengue endemic areas in kuala lumpur and selangor, malaysia to determine the distribution and percentage of mixed breeding of both aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. the percentage of mixed breeding in all study sites both indoors and outdoors accounted for 10 to 32 % from the total ovitraps collected. ae. aegypti was found at a higher frequency than ae. albopictus in these ovitraps. this study again indicates that ovitrap is a sensitive tool to attrac ... | 2006 | 17322826 |
| vaccine candidates for dengue virus type 1 (den1) generated by replacement of the structural genes of rden4 and rden4delta30 with those of den1. | antigenic chimeric viruses have previously been generated in which the structural genes of recombinant dengue virus type 4 (rden4) have been replaced with those derived from den2 or den3. two vaccine candidates were identified, rden2/4delta30(me) and rden3/4delta30(me), which contain the membrane (m) precursor and envelope (e) genes of den2 and den3, respectively, and a 30 nucleotide deletion (delta30) in the 3' untranslated region of the den4 backbone. based on the promising preclinical phenoty ... | 2007 | 17328799 |
| climatic factors associated with epidemic dengue in palembang, indonesia: implications of short-term meteorological events on virus transmission. | an extensive outbreak of dengue fever and dengue hemorhagic fever occurred in the city of palembang, south sumatra, indonesia from late 1997 through march/april 1998. all surveyed administrative areas (kelurahan) in palembang were found to be 'permissive' for dengue virus transmission; and all areas that had aedes (subgenus stegomyia) larval mosquitoes in abundance experienced increased cases of dhf during the epidemic. the aedes house index (hi) for combined aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus w ... | 2006 | 17333762 |
| dengue in the americas and southeast asia: do they differ? | the populations of southeast asia (se asia) and tropical america are similar, and all four dengue viruses of asian origin are endemic in both regions. yet, during comparable 5-year periods, se asia experienced 1.16 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), principally in children, whereas in the americas there were 2.8 million dengue fever (df) cases, principally in adults, and only 65,000 dhf cases. this review aims to explain these regional differences. in se asia, world war ii amplifie ... | 2006 | 17341332 |
| an entomological study on the dengue vectors during outbreak of dengue in tiruppur town and its surroundings, tamil nadu, india. | tiruppur town and its surroundings of tamil nadu state had reported the rise in dengue cases and some deaths during july, 2005. a team from nicd branch, coonoor investigated the outbreak of dengue during august, 2005. due to acute scarcity of water, people in tiruppur town and surrounding rural areas store water in cement tanks and other containers which facilitated the prolific breeding of the dengue vector mosquitoes. the aedes aegypti adult and larval survey conducted in randomly selected are ... | 2006 | 17370680 |
| mortality and reproductive dynamics of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) fed human blood. | mortality is a critical factor in determining a mosquito's ability to transmit pathogens. we investigated the effect of human blood feeding and reproduction on mortality of the dengue virus vector, aedes aegypti, by conducting a life-table study of male and female mosquitoes maintained on one of three diets: 10% sucrose, human blood or human blood plus 10% sucrose. we examined the effect of host availability by offering human blood to mosquitoes every day or every other day. mortality of females ... | 2007 | 17417961 |
| daily survival rates and dispersal of aedes aegypti females in rio de janeiro, brazil. | daily survival rates, life expectancy, dispersal, and parity are important components of vectorial capacity of aedes aegypti. these parameters were estimated for mosquito populations from a slum and a suburban district in rio de janeiro, during the wet and dry seasons in 2005. in each mark-release-recapture experiment, three cohorts of dust-marked ae. aegypti females were released. recaptures were carried out daily in randomly selected houses, using backpack aspirators, adult traps, and sticky o ... | 2007 | 17426166 |
| impact of a bifenthrin-treated lethal ovitrap on aedes aegypti oviposition and mortality in north queensland, australia. | lethal ovitraps (los) containing an insecticide-treated ovistrip are used as a lure-and-kill device for the container-breeding dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.). we aimed to affirm that the pyrethroid bifenthrin could be used effectively in los against ae. aegypti in north queensland, australia, by quantifying oviposition in and mortality caused by los. small cage experiments in which individual gravid ae. aegypti were given a choice of los and untreated ovitraps revealed that although los were ... | 2007 | 17427694 |
| aedes aegypti population sampling using bg-sentinel traps in north queensland australia: statistical considerations for trap deployment and sampling strategy. | bg-sentinel mosquito traps were trialed as a tool for the rapid assessment (24-h collections) and routine monitoring (72-h collections) of adult aedes aegypti l. populations in north queensland. analysis of ae. aegypti collections using bg-sentinels set in suburban cairns for 24 h permitted the calculation of sample size for a range of precision levels. clusters of houses with bg-sentinels operating continuously for 15 d, with collections every 72 h, also permitted required sample size calculati ... | 2007 | 17427707 |
| a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic to identify larvae and eggs of container mosquito species from the australian region. | dengue outbreaks occur regularly in parts of northern queensland, australia, and there is concern that these outbreaks may spread with the introduction and range expansion of the two main vectors aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse). problems encountered in separating larvae of endemic and exotic container mosquito species resulted in the development of a polymerase chain reaction diagnostic procedure that uses a restriction enzyme to cut the internal transcribed spacer region 1 of th ... | 2007 | 17427712 |
| deployable, field-sustainable, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid screening and serotype identification of dengue virus in mosquitoes. | dengue virus universal and serotype 1 to 4 fluorogenic probe hydrolysis, reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and positive-control rna template were freeze-dried in a thermally stable, hydrolytic enzyme-resistant format and deployed for testing in a dengue fever-endemic region of thailand. the study site presented austere testing conditions. field-collected aedes aegypti mosquitoes spiked with inoculated a. aegypti mosquitoes and individual and pooled, field-collecte ... | 2007 | 17436782 |
| introducing desirable transgenes into insect populations using y-linked meiotic drive - a theoretical assessment. | the use of genetic drive mechanisms to replace native mosquito genotypes with individuals bearing antipathogen transgenes is a potential strategy for repressing insect transmission of human diseases such as malaria and dengue. antipathogen transgenes have been developed and tested, but efficient gene drive mechanisms are lacking. here we theoretically assess the feasibility of introducing antipathogen genes into wild aedes aegypti populations by using a naturally occurring meiotic drive system. ... | 2007 | 17439607 |
| community participation in aedes aegypti control: a sociological perspective on five years of research in the health area ''26 de julio'', havana, cuba. | effective dengue prevention and aedes aegypti control is a priority for the cuban health authorities. to enhance effectiveness, strategies oriented towards a more active involvement of communities in control activities are being tested. this paper presents a sociological perspective on a pilot project conducted in the health area ''26 de julio'' (la havana) in 1999-2004. | 2007 | 17445134 |
| social and environmental determinants of aedes aegypti infestation in central havana: results of a case-control study nested in an integrated dengue surveillance programme in cuba. | to characterize the social and environmental risk factors associated with the presence of aedes aegypti in order to improve community dengue control. | 2007 | 17445141 |
| chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis. | chikungunya is an arboviral disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. the virus was first isolated in 1953 in tanzania. chikungunya virus is a member of the genus alphavirus and the family togaviridae. the disease typically consists of an acute illness characterised by fever, rash, and incapacitating arthralgia. the word chikungunya, used for both the virus and the disease, means "to walk bent over" in some east african languages, and refers to the effect of the joint pains that characterise this ... | 2007 | 17448935 |
| habitat segregation of dengue vectors along an urban environmental gradient. | differential distributions of aedes aegypti and ae. mediovittatus (potential inter-epidemic dengue vector) and other mosquitoes colonizing bamboo pots in san juan, puerto rico were studied along an urban-rural gradient. city regions (urban, suburban, and rural) and landscape elements within regions (forest [f], low-density housing [ldh], and high-density housing [hdh]) were identified using satellite imagery. aedes species extensively overlapped in ldh of urban, suburban, and rural areas. mosqui ... | 2007 | 17488898 |
| [evaluating two pyrethroids in dengue vector control in putumayo, colombia]. | evaluating the efficacy of two pyrethroid insecticides on aedes aegypti, thereby providing useful information for decision-making in controlling dengue. | 2007 | 17502968 |