| online monitoring of escherichia coli and bacillus thuringiensis spore inactivation after advanced oxidation treatment. | various studies have shown that advanced oxidation processes (aops) such as uv light in combination with hydrogen peroxide is an efficient process for the removal of a large variety of emerging contaminants including microorganisms. the mechanism of destruction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) is the enhanced formation of hydroxyl (·oh) radicals, which have a high oxidation potential. the goal of this study was to utilize in-line advanced oxidation to inactivate microbes, and document ... | 2014 | 24766594 |
| inactivation and ultrastructure analysis of bacillus spp. and clostridium perfringens spores. | bacterial endospores are resistant to many environmental factors from temperature extremes to ultraviolet irradiation and are generally more difficult to inactivate or kill than vegetative bacterial cells. it is often considered necessary to treat spores or samples containing spores with chemical fixative solutions for prolonged periods of time (e.g., 1-21 days) to achieve fixation/inactivation to enable electron microscopy (em) examination outside of containment laboratories. prolonged exposure ... | 2014 | 24503289 |
| mechanism of killing of spores of bacillus anthracis in a high-temperature gas environment, and analysis of dna damage generated by various decontamination treatments of spores of bacillus anthracis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis. | to determine how hydrated bacillus anthracis spores are killed in a high-temperature gas environment (htge), and how spores of several bacillus species including b. anthracis are killed by uv radiation, dry heat, wet heat and desiccation. | 2014 | 24344920 |
| bacillus thuringiensis as a surrogate for bacillus anthracis in aerosol research. | characterization of candidate surrogate spores prior to experimental use is critical to confirm that the surrogate characteristics are as closely similar as possible to those of the pathogenic agent of interest. this review compares the physical properties inherent to spores of bacillus anthracis (ba) and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) that impact their movement in air and interaction with surfaces, including size, shape, density, surface morphology, structure and hydrophobicity. also evaluated is ... | 2014 | 24338558 |
| d-cycloserine or similar physiochemical compounds may be uniquely suited for use in bacillus anthracis spore decontamination strategies. | as observed in the aftermath of the anthrax attacks of 2001, decontamination and remediation of a site contaminated by the accidental or intentional release of bacillus anthracis spores is difficult, costly and potentially damaging to the environment. the identification of novel strategies that neutralize the threat of spores while minimizing environmental damage remains a high priority. we investigated the efficacy of d-cycloserine (dcs), an antibiotic and inhibitor of the spore-associated enzy ... | 2013 | 23927578 |
| differentiation of strains from the bacillus cereus group by rflp-pfge genomic fingerprinting. | bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus cereus belong to the b. cereus group. the last three species are characterized by different phenotype features and pathogenicity spectrum, but it has been shown that these species are genetically closely related. the macrorestriction analysis of the genomic dna with the noti enzyme was used to generate polymorphism of restriction profiles for 39 food-borne isolates (b ... | 2013 | 23893780 |
| decontamination of materials contaminated with bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis al hakam spores using pes-solid, a solid source of peracetic acid. | to develop test methods and evaluate survival of bacillus anthracis ames, b. anthracis ∆sterne and b. thuringiensis al hakam spores after exposure to pes-solid (a solid source of peracetic acid), including pes-solid formulations with bacteriostatic surfactants. | 2013 | 23692445 |
| differentiation of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis on the basis of the csab gene reflects host source. | csab gene analysis clustered 198 strains of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis into two groups related to mammalian and insect hosts, respectively. mammal-related group i strains also have more s-layer homology (slh) protein genes than group ii strains. this indicates that csab-based differentiation reflects selective pressure from animal hosts. | 2013 | 23563945 |
| diversity of thermal ecotypes and potential pathotypes of bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates. | ecological diversification of bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates was examined to determine whether bacteria adapted to grow at low temperature and/or potentially pathogenic correspond to genetically distinct lineages. altogether, nine phylogenetic lineages were found among bacilli originating from north-eastern poland (n = 24) and lithuania (n = 25) using multi-locus sequence typing. this clustering was chiefly confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. one third of the bacilli were found ... | 2013 | 23521504 |
| bacillus weihenstephanensis characteristics are present in bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides strains. | the bacillus cereus group comprises seven bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus cytotoxicus, and bacillus weihenstephanensis. bacillus weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its capability to grow at 7 °c but not at 43 °c, and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna and cspa genes and in several housekeeping genes: glpf, gmk, purh, and tpi. bacillus weihenstephanensis-specifi ... | 2013 | 23413955 |
| role of mechanical vs. chemical action in the removal of adherent bacillus spores during cip procedures. | this study was designed to evaluate the respective roles of mechanical and chemical effects on the removal of bacillus spores during cleaning-in-place. this analysis was performed on 12 strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis) or to less related bacillus species (bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus subtilis). adherent spores were subjected to rinsing-in-place (mechanical action) and cleaning- ... | 2013 | 23200646 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovars navarrensis, bolivia and vazensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis reveals a common phylogeny. | the bacillus cereus group sensu lato includes six closely-related bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. b. thuringiensis is distinguished from the other species mainly by the appearance of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its psychrotolerance and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna gene and cspa genes. a ... | 2013 | 23073664 |
| genetic barcodes for improved environmental tracking of an anthrax simulant. | the development of realistic risk models that predict the dissemination, dispersion and persistence of potential biothreat agents have utilized nonpathogenic surrogate organisms such as bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii or commercial products such as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. comparison of results from outdoor tests under different conditions requires the use of genetically identical strains; however, the requirement for isogenic strains limits the ability to compare other desira ... | 2012 | 23001658 |
| test method development to evaluate hot, humid air decontamination of materials contaminated with bacillus anthracis ∆sterne and b. thuringiensis al hakam spores. | to develop test methods and evaluate the survival of bacillus anthracis ∆sterne and bacillus thuringiensis al hakam spores after exposure to hot, humid air. | 2012 | 22897143 |
| filament formation of the ftsz/tubulin-like protein tubz from the bacillus cereus pxo1 plasmid. | stable maintenance of low-copy-number plasmids requires partition (par) systems that consist of a nucleotide hydrolase, a dna-binding protein, and a cis-acting dna-binding site. the ftsz/tubulin-like gtpase tubz was identified as a partitioning factor of the virulence plasmids pbtoxis and pxo1 in bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis, respectively. tubz exhibits high gtpase activity and assembles into polymers both in vivo and in vitro, and its "treadmilling" movement is required for pla ... | 2012 | 22847006 |
| an amoeba phagocytosis model reveals a novel developmental switch in the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis. | the bacillus cereus group bacteria contain pathogens of economic and medical importance. from security and health perspectives, the lethal mammalian pathogen bacillus anthracis remains a serious threat. in addition the potent insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis is extensively used as a biological control agent for insect pests. this relies upon the industrial scale induction of bacterial spore formation with the associated production of orally toxic cry-toxins. understanding the ecology and p ... | 2013 | 22750551 |
| transport of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki from an outdoor release into buildings: pathways of infiltration and a rapid method to identify contaminated buildings. | understanding the fate and transport of biological agents into buildings will be critical to recovery and restoration efforts after a biological attack in an urban area. as part of the interagency biological restoration demonstration (ibrd), experiments were conducted in fairfax county, va, to study whether a biological agent can be expected to infiltrate into buildings following a wide-area release. bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki is a common organic pesticide that has been sprayed in fair ... | 2012 | 22676846 |
| production of protocatechuic acid in bacillus thuringiensis atcc33679. | protocatechuic acid, or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, is produced by both soil and marine bacteria in the free form and as the iron binding component of the siderophore petrobactin. the soil bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki atcc 33679, contains the asb operon, but does not produce petrobactin. iron restriction resulted in diminished b. thuringiensis kurstaki atcc 33679 growth and the production of catechol(s). the gene product responsible for protocatechuic acid (asbf) and its receptor (f ... | 2012 | 22489181 |
| sporicidal/bactericidal textiles via the chlorination of silk. | bacterial spores, such as those of the bacillus genus, are extremely resilient, being able to germinate into metabolically active cells after withstanding harsh environmental conditions or aggressive chemical treatments. the toughness of the bacterial spore in combination with the use of spores, such as those of bacillus anthracis, as a biological warfare agent necessitates the development of new antimicrobial textiles. in this work, a route to the production of fabrics that kill bacterial spore ... | 2012 | 22352921 |
| bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy. | bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ... | 2012 | 22339216 |
| [bacillus anthracis: a molecular look at a famous pathogen]. | bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod belonging to the bacillus cereus group, has an extremely monomorphic genome, and presents high structural and physiological similarity with b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. in this work, the new molecular methods for the identification and typing of b. anthracis developed in the last years, based on variable number tandem repeats or on genetic differences detected through sequencing, are described. the molecular aspects of traditional virulence factor ... | 2013 | 22274828 |
| comparison of quantitative pcr and culture-based methods for evaluating dispersal of bacillus thuringiensis endospores at a bioterrorism hoax crime scene. | since the anthrax mail attacks of 2001, law enforcement agencies have processed thousands of suspicious mail incidents globally, many of which are hoax bioterrorism threats. bio-insecticide preparations containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores have been involved in several such threats in australia, leading to the requirement for rapid and sensitive detection techniques for this organism, a close relative of bacillus anthracis. here we describe the development of a quantitative pcr (qpcr) m ... | 2012 | 22227150 |
| the pore-forming protein cry5b elicits the pathogenicity of bacillus sp. against caenorhabditis elegans. | the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is a pathogen of insects and nematodes and is very closely related to, if not the same species as, bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis. the defining characteristic of b. thuringiensis that sets it apart from b. cereus and b. anthracis is the production of crystal (cry) proteins, which are pore-forming toxins or pore-forming proteins (pfps). although it is known that pfps are important virulence factors since their elimination results in reduced virule ... | 2011 | 22216181 |
| multiplex pcr assay for the detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus group strains and its application in food matrices. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are the major concerns for the food safety in terms of frequency and/or seriousness of the disease. being members of the same group and sharing dna homology to a larger extent, they do create problems when their specific detection/identification is attempted from different food and environmental sources. numerous individual polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and few multiplex pcr (mpcr) methods have been employed to detect these organis ... | 2010 | 23100823 |
| low-temperature decontamination with hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide for space applications. | the currently used microbial decontamination method for spacecraft and components uses dry-heat microbial reduction at temperatures of >110°c for extended periods to prevent the contamination of extraplanetary destinations. this process is effective and reproducible, but it is also long and costly and precludes the use of heat-labile materials. the need for an alternative to dry-heat microbial reduction has been identified by space agencies. investigations assessing the biological efficacy of tw ... | 2012 | 22492450 |
| nprr, a moonlighting quorum sensor shifting from a phosphatase activity to a transcriptional activator. | regulation of biological functions requires factors (proteins, peptides or chemicals) able to sense and translate environmental conditions or any circumstances in order to modulate the transcription of a gene, the stability of a transcript or the activity of a protein. quorum sensing is a regulation mechanism connecting cell density to the physiological state of a single cell. in bacteria, quorum sensing coordinates virulence, cell fate and commitment to sporulation and other adaptation properti ... | 2016 | 28357327 |
| complete genome sequences of bacillus phages dirtybetty and kida. | we report here the genome sequences of two bacteriophages of the bacillus cereus group, dirtybetty and kida. these bacteriophages are double-stranded dna-containing myoviridae isolated from soil samples using bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki as their host bacteria. | 2017 | 28280018 |
| emergence of multi drug resistance among soil bacteria exposing to insecticides. | impacts of pesticide exposure on the soil microbial flora and cross resistance to antibiotics have not been well documented. development of antibiotic resistance is a common issue among soil bacteria which are exposing to pesticides continuously at sub-lethal concentration. the present study was focused to evaluate the correlation between pesticide exposures and evolution of multi drug resistance among isolates collected from soil applied with insecticides. twenty five insecticide (monochrotopho ... | 2017 | 28192223 |
| the thnr gene is a negative transcription regulator of the thurincin h genetic cassette in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni. | thurincin h is a bacteriocin synthesized by some strains of bacillus thuringiensis. in this study, the thurincin h genetic cassette, which contains ten genes, from a mexican strain of b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (btm) was cloned and sequenced. to study the function of the thnr gene component in the cassette, we generated various constructs with or without thnr for expression in btm. all transformants harboring thnr in recombinant plasmids showed a decrease of ~15 to ~90 % in inhibitory act ... | 2017 | 27699438 |
| genetic and functional analyses of krs, a locus encoding kurstakin, a lipopeptide produced by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacteria of the bacillus genus are able to synthesize several families of lipopeptides. these small molecules are the product of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. in 2000, it was found that bacillus thuringiensis, an entomopathogenic bacterium of the bacillus cereus group, produced a previously unknown lipopeptide: kurstakin. genomic analyses reveal that the krs locus, encoding the kurstakin synthetases, is specific to the b. cereus group, but is unevenly distributed within this group. previous ... | 2016 | 27353188 |
| mob/orit, a mobilizable site-specific recombination system for unmarked genetic manipulation in bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are two important species in b. cereus group. the intensive study of these strains at the molecular level and construction of genetically modified bacteria requires the development of efficient genetic tools. to insert genes into or delete genes from bacterial chromosomes, marker-less manipulation methods were employed. | 2016 | 27286821 |
| probiotic bacillus cereus strains, a potential risk for public health in china. | bacillus cereus is an important cause of foodborne infectious disease and food poisoning. however, b. cereus has also been used as a probiotic in human medicine and livestock production, with low standards of safety assessment. in this study, we evaluated the safety of 15 commercial probiotic b. cereus preparations from china in terms of mislabeling, toxin production, and transferable antimicrobial resistance. most preparations were incorrectly labeled, as they contained additional bacterial spe ... | 2016 | 27242738 |
| the two-component signal transduction system yvcpq regulates the bacterial resistance to bacitracin in bacillus thuringiensis. | yvcpq is one of the two-component signal transduction systems that respond to specific stimuli and enable cells to adjust multiple cellular functions. it consists of a histidine kinase yvcq and a response regulator yvcp. in this study, through searching the consensus sequence recognized by yvcp, we found four yvcp-binding motifs in the promoter regions of genes yvcr (bmb171_c4100), bmb171_c4385, kapd (bmb171_c4525) and bmb171_c4835 in bacillus thuringiensis bmb171 which is a representative of ba ... | 2016 | 27188294 |
| two distinct pathways lead bacillus thuringiensis to commit to sporulation in biofilm. | the spore-forming bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is an efficient biofilm producer, responsible for persistent contamination of industrial food processing systems. b. thuringiensis biofilms are highly heterogeneous bacterial structures in which three distinct cell types controlled by quorum sensing regulators were identified: plcr-controlled virulent cells, nprr-dependent necrotrophic cells and cells committed to sporulation, a differentiation process controlled by rap phosphatases and spo0a-p. ... | 2016 | 27106256 |
| occurrence of toxigenic bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in doenjang, a korean fermented soybean paste. | this study determined the prevalence and toxin profile of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in doenjang, a fermented soybean food, made using both traditional and commercial methods. the 51 doenjang samples tested were broadly contaminated with b. cereus; in contrast, only one sample was positive for b. thuringiensis. all b. cereus isolates from doenjang were positive for diarrheal toxin genes. the frequencies of nheabc and hblacd in traditional samples were 22.7 and 0%, respectively, w ... | 2016 | 27052865 |
| development of a double-antibody sandwich elisa for rapid detection of bacillus cereus in food. | bacillus cereus is increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of food poisoning in the industrialized world. in this paper, we describe a sensitive double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that was developed for rapid detection of b. cereus in food to minimize the risk of contamination. the polyclonal antibody (pab) and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to b. cereus were generated from rabbit antiserum and mouse ascites, respectively, using the octanoic acid ... | 2016 | 26976753 |
| cody regulates the activity of the virulence quorum sensor plcr by controlling the import of the signaling peptide papr in bacillus thuringiensis. | in gram-positive bacteria, cell-cell communication mainly relies on cytoplasmic sensors of the rnpp family. activity of these regulators depends on their binding to secreted signaling peptides that are imported into the cell. these quorum sensing regulators control important biological functions in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group, such as virulence and necrotrophism. the rnpp quorum sensor plcr, in complex with its cognate signaling peptide papr, is the main regulator of virulence in b. ce ... | 2015 | 26779156 |
| genomic characterization and comparison of seven myoviridae bacteriophage infecting bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, a bacterium that is a source of biopesticides and a safe simulant for pathogenic bacillus species, was used to isolate seven unique bacteriophages. the phage genomes were sequenced and ranged in size from 158,100 to 163,019 bp encoding 290-299 genes, and the gc content of ~38% was similar to that of the host bacterium. all phages had terminal repeats 2-3 kb long. three of the phages encoded trnas and three contained a self-splicing intron in the dna polymerase ge ... | 2016 | 26773385 |
| transcriptome analysis of bacillus thuringiensis spore life, germination and cell outgrowth in a vegetable-based food model. | toxigenic species belonging to bacillus cereus sensu lato, including bacillus thuringiensis, cause foodborne outbreaks thanks to their capacity to survive as spores and to grow in food matrixes. the goal of this work was to assess by means of a genome-wide transcriptional assay, in the food isolate b. thuringiensis uc10070, the gene expression behind the process of spore germination and consequent outgrowth in a vegetable-based food model. scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray ... | 2016 | 26742618 |
| isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of curcuma longa l. | fourteen endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the isolates were identified to six strains namely bacillus cereus (ecl1), bacillus thuringiensis (ecl2), bacillus sp. (ecl3), bacillus pumilis (ecl4), pseudomonas putida (ecl5), and clavibacter michiganensis (ecl6). all the strains produced iaa and solubilized phosphate and only two strains produ ... | 2016 | 28330130 |
| production of co-polymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates by regulating the hydrolysis of biowastes. | production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) co-polymers by bacillus spp. was studied by feeding defined volatile fatty acids (vfas) obtained through controlled hydrolysis of various wastes. eleven mixed hydrolytic cultures (mhcs) each containing 6 strains could generate vfa from slurries of (2% total solids): pea-shells (ps), potato peels (pp), apple pomace (ap) and onion peels (op). ps hydrolysates (obtained with mhc2 and mhc5) inoculated with bacillus cereus egu43 and bacillus thuringiensis egu45 ... | 2016 | 26512866 |
| genome sequences of two bacillus cereus group bacteriophages, eyuki and avesobmore. | the genomes of two double-stranded dna (dsdna) bacteriophages isolated on bacillus thuringiensis show similarity to previously sequenced phages and provide evidence of the mosaicism of phage genomes. | 2015 | 26472840 |
| novel diesel-oil-degrading bacteria and fungi from the ecuadorian amazon rainforest. | isolating new diesel-oil-degrading microorganisms from crude-oil contaminated sites and evaluating their degradation capacities are vitally important in the remediation of oil-polluted environments and crude-oil exploitation. in this research, new hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated from the crude-oil contaminated soil of the oil-fields in the amazon rainforest of north-east ecuador by using a soil enrichment technique. degradation analysis was tracked by gas chromatography an ... | 2015 | 26442498 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis strain hd521. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biological pesticide in the world. it belongs to the bacillus cereus sensu lato group, which contains six species. among these six species, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, and b. cereus have a low genetic diversity. b. thuringiensis strain hd521 shows maroon colony which is different from most of the b. thuringiensis strains. strain hd521 also displays an ability to inhibit plant sheath blight disease pathogen (rhizoctonia solani ag1 ib) growth and ... | 2015 | 26380647 |
| a type iii protein-rna toxin-antitoxin system from bacillus thuringiensis promotes plasmid retention during spore development. | members of the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of bacteria often contain multiple large plasmids, including those encoding virulence factors in b. anthracis. bacillus species can develop into spores in response to stress. during sporulation the genomic content of the cell is heavily compressed, which could result in counterselection of extrachromosomal genomic elements, unless they have robust stabilization and segregation systems. toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are near-ubiquitous in prokaryotes ... | 2015 | 26274022 |
| genome sequence of bacillus endophyticus and analysis of its companion mechanism in the ketogulonigenium vulgare-bacillus strain consortium. | bacillus strains have been widely used as the companion strain of ketogulonigenium vulgare in the process of vitamin c fermentation. different bacillus strains generate different effects on the growth of k. vulgare and ultimately influence the productivity. first, we identified that bacillus endophyticus hbe603 was an appropriate strain to cooperate with k. vulgare and the product conversion rate exceeded 90% in industrial vitamin c fermentation. here, we report the genome sequencing of the b. e ... | 2015 | 26248285 |
| biodegradation of carbofuran in soils within nzoia river basin, kenya. | carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) has been used within the nzoia river basin (nrb), especially in bunyala rice irrigation schemes, in kenya for the control of pests. in this study, the capacity of native bacteria to degrade carbofuran in soils from nrb was investigated. a gram positive, rod-shaped bacteria capable of degrading carbofuran was isolated through liquid cultures with carbofuran as the only carbon and nitrogen source. the isolate degraded 98% of 100- ... | 2015 | 25844859 |
| various enterotoxin and other virulence factor genes widespread among bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains. | many strains of bacillus cereus cause gastrointestinal diseases, and the closely related insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis has also been involved in outbreaks of diarrhea. the diarrheal diseases are attributed to enterotoxins. sixteen reference strains of b. cereus and nine commercial and 12 reference strains of b. thuringiensis were screened by pcr for the presence of 10 enterotoxigenic genes (hbla, hblc, hbld, nhea, nheb, nhec, cytk, bcet, entfm, and ents), one emetogenic gene (ces), seve ... | 2015 | 25791850 |
| bacillus halodurans strain c125 encodes and synthesizes enzymes from both known pathways to form dump directly from cytosine deoxyribonucleotides. | analysis of the genome of bacillus halodurans strain c125 indicated that two pathways leading from a cytosine deoxyribonucleotide to dump, used for dtmp synthesis, were encoded by the genome of the bacterium. the genes that were responsible, the comeb gene and the dcdb gene, encoding dcmp deaminase and the bifunctional dctp deaminase:dutpase (dcd:dut), respectively, were both shown to be expressed in b. halodurans, and both genes were subject to repression by the nucleosides thymidine and deoxyc ... | 2015 | 25746996 |
| spore prevalence and toxigenicity of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis isolates from u.s. retail spices. | recent incidents of foodborne illness associated with spices as the vehicle of transmission prompted this examination of u.s. retail spices with regard to bacillus cereus. this study focused on the levels of aerobic-mesophilic spore-forming bacteria and b cereus spores associated with 247 retail spices purchased from five states in the united states. samples contained a wide range of aerobic-mesophilic bacterial spore counts (< 200 to 8.3 × 10(7) cfu/g), with 19.1% of samples at levels above 10( ... | 2015 | 25719886 |
| pathogenicity and characterization of a novel bacillus cereus sensu lato isolate toxic to the mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata wied. | the lethal and sub-lethal effects of sporulated cultures of a novel bacillus cereus sensu lato strain lacking detectable cry genes and identified through morphological and genetic analyses, have been studied on the mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata. the lethal effects on young larvae were concentration dependent, with a median lethal concentration (lc50) of 4.48 × 10(8)spores/g of diet. sporulated cultures of this strain significantly extended development time and reduced immature survi ... | 2015 | 25659732 |
| enterotoxigenic profiling of emetic toxin- and enterotoxin-producing bacillus cereus, isolated from food, environmental, and clinical samples by multiplex pcr. | bacillus cereus comprises the largest group of endospore-forming bacteria and can cause emetic and diarrheal food poisoning. a total of 496 b. cereus strains isolated from various sources (food, environmental, clinical) were assessed by a multiplex pcr for the presence of enterotoxin genes. the detection rate of nhea, entfm, hblc, and cytk enterotoxin genes among all b. cereus strains was 92.33%, 77.21%, 59.47%, and 47.58%, respectively. enterotoxigenic profiles were determined in emetic toxin- ... | 2014 | 25311736 |
| influence of lysogeny of tectiviruses gil01 and gil16 on bacillus thuringiensis growth, biofilm formation, and swarming motility. | bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium that has been used as an efficient biopesticide worldwide. despite the fact that this bacterium is usually described as an insect pathogen, its life cycle in the environment is still largely unknown. b. thuringiensis belongs to the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which has been associated with many mobile genetic elements, such as species-specific temperate or virulent bacteriophages (phages). temperate (lysogenic) phages are able to est ... | 2014 | 25261525 |
| high-quality draft genome sequence of nematocidal bacillus thuringiensis sbt003. | bacillus thuringiensis represents one of the six species of "bacillus cereus group" in the genus bacillus within the family bacillaceae. strain sbt003 was isolated from soil and identified as b. thuringiensis. it harbors at least seven plasmids and produces three shapes of parasporal crystals including oval, bipyramidal and rice. sds-page analysis of spore-crystal suspension of this strain reveals six major protein bands, which implies the presence of multiple parasporal crystal genes. bioassay ... | 2014 | 25197449 |
| modular genetic architecture of the toxigenic plasmid pis56-63 harboring cry1ab21 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis is5056, a strain highly toxic to trichoplusia ni larvae, produces the newly described cry1ab21 delta-endotoxin encoded by a gene located in the 63.8 kb pis56-63 plasmid. in this report we present the structure and functional similarity of this plasmid to other b. thuringiensis large toxigenic plasmids with particular interest focused on its modular architecture. the 61 open reading frames (orfs) of the plasmid made four functional modules: (i) m1-mic, ... | 2014 | 25115108 |
| quorum sensing in bacillus thuringiensis is required for completion of a full infectious cycle in the insect. | bacterial cell-cell communication or quorum sensing (qs) is a biological process commonly described as allowing bacteria belonging to a same pherotype to coordinate gene expression to cell density. in gram-positive bacteria, cell-cell communication mainly relies on cytoplasmic sensors regulated by secreted and re-imported signaling peptides. the bacillus quorum sensors rap, nprr, and plcr were previously identified as the first members of a new protein family called rnpp. except for the rap prot ... | 2014 | 25089349 |
| regulation of cry gene expression in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis differs from the closely related bacillus cereus group species by its ability to produce crystalline inclusions. the production of these crystals mainly results from the expression of the cry genes, from the stability of their transcripts and from the synthesis, accumulation and crystallization of large amounts of insecticidal cry proteins. this process normally coincides with sporulation and is regulated by various factors operating at the transcriptional, post-transcript ... | 2014 | 25055802 |
| behavior of transition state regulator abrb in batch cultures of bacillus thuringiensis. | the transition state regulator abrb is involved in the regulation of various cellular functions such as exponential growth, transition state and sporulation onset, due to its ability to activate, suppress or prevent the inappropriate expression of various genes in bacillus subtilis. in order to understand combined behavior in batch cultures of abrb in bacillus thuringiensis, we cloned and expressed the abrb gene of b. thuringiensis in escherichia coli. the deduced sequence of abrb gene coded for ... | 2014 | 25002359 |
| crystalliferous bacillus cereus group bacteria from a maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains. | crystal-forming bacteria of the bacillus cereus group were isolated from soil samples collected at different elevations within a mixed hardwood forest in central maryland, and their phylogenetic relationships determined by multilocus sequence analysis. the vast majority of isolates obtained were associated with two phylogenetic groups known to be psychrotolerant, with very few isolates representing phylogenetic groups more typically associated with bacillus thuringiensis. isolates from the psych ... | 2014 | 24985699 |
| bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis spores in korean rice: prevalence and toxin production as affected by production area and degree of milling. | we determined the prevalence of and toxin production by bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in korean rice as affected by production area and degree of milling. rough rice was collected from 64 farms in 22 agricultural areas and polished to produce brown and white rice. in total, rice samples were broadly contaminated with b. cereus spores, with no effect of production area. the prevalence and counts of b. cereus spores declined as milling progressed. frequencies of hemolysin bl (hbl) pro ... | 2014 | 24929722 |
| comparative analysis of quantitative reverse transcription real-time pcr and commercial enzyme imunoassays for detection of enterotoxigenic bacillus thuringiensis isolates. | entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis is closely related to bacillus cereus, a human pathogen known to cause emesis and diarrhea. standard detection methods do not distinguish these bacilli. hemolysin bl (hbl) and non-hemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) genes that encode, respectively, hbl and nhe enterotoxins, are known to be harbored in both bacterial species, suggesting that differentiation of these bacilli is clinically and epidemiologically relevant. in this study the reliability of quantitative ... | 2014 | 24913432 |
| bactericidal thurincin h causes unique morphological changes in bacillus cereus f4552 without affecting membrane permeability. | thurincin h is an antilisterial bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361. it exhibits inhibitory activity against a wide range of gram-positive foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria including listeria monocytogenes, b. cereus, and b. subtilis. this hydrophobic, anionic bacteriocin folds into a hairpin structure maintained by four pairs of unique sulfur to α-carbon thioether bonds. as its hydrophobicity and structure are quite different from most archived bacteriocins, this study ... | 2014 | 24891232 |
| large-scale purification, characterization, and spore outgrowth inhibitory effect of thurincin h, a bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361. | large-scale purification of the highly hydrophobic bacteriocin thurincin h was accomplished via a novel and simple two-step method: ammonia sulfate precipitation and c18 solid-phase extraction. the inhibition spectrum and stability of thurincin h as well as its antagonistic activity against bacillus cereus f4552 spores were further characterized. in the purification method, secreted proteins contained in the supernatant of a 40 h incubated culture of b. thuringiensis sf361 were precipitated by 6 ... | 2014 | 24798125 |
| nisin a extends the shelf life of high-fat chilled dairy dessert, a milk-based pudding. | the aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of nisin a to control the growth of spore-forming bacteria, bacillus and paenibacillus, in chilled high-fat, milk pudding and to reduce heat treatment to improve aroma and flavour. | 2014 | 24450783 |
| complete genome of bacillus thuringiensis myophage bigbertha. | bigbertha is a myophage of bacillus thuringiensis, a widely used biocontrol agent that is active against many insect pests of plants. here, we present the complete annotated genome of bigbertha. the genome shares 85.9% sequence identity with bacillus cereus phage b4. | 2013 | 24309723 |
| pcr detection of cytk gene in bacillus cereus group strains isolated from food samples. | a method for detection of the cytotoxin k cytk structural gene and its active promoter preceded by the plcr-binding box, controlling the expression level of this enterotoxin, was developed. the method was applied for the purpose of the analysis of 47 bacterial strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group isolated from different food products. it was found that the majority of the analyzed strains carried the fully functional cytk gene with its plcr regulated promoter. the cytk gene was not det ... | 2013 | 24060693 |
| pgiak1, a heavy metal resistant plasmid from an obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from the antarctic concordia station confined environment. | pgiak1 is a 38-kb plasmid originating from the obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacillaceae strain jmak1. the strain was originally isolated from the confined environments of the antarctic concordia station. analysis of the pgiak1 38,362-bp sequence revealed that, in addition to its replication region, this plasmid contains the genetic determinants for cadmium and arsenic resistances, putative methyltransferase, tyrosine recombinase, spore coat protein and potassium transport protein, as w ... | 2013 | 24009682 |
| polyphosphate storage during sporulation in the gram-negative bacterium acetonema longum. | using electron cryotomography, we show that the gram-negative sporulating bacterium acetonema longum synthesizes high-density storage granules at the leading edges of engulfing membranes. the granules appear in the prespore and increase in size and number as engulfment proceeds. typically, a cluster of 8 to 12 storage granules closely associates with the inner spore membrane and ultimately accounts for ∼7% of the total volume in mature spores. energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx) analyses ... | 2013 | 23813732 |
| [transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis by sigmak and gere]. | to identify the transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis. | 2013 | 23678570 |
| identification of tet45, a tetracycline efflux pump, from a poultry-litter-exposed soil isolate and persistence of tet(45) in the soil. | to characterize a tetracycline resistance (tc(r)) determinant, closely related to the tetl efflux pump, in a bhargavaea cecembensis strain previously isolated from a poultry-litter-impacted soil. | 2013 | 23595824 |
| genetic diversity of bacillus thuringiensis from different geo-ecological regions of ukraine by analyzing the 16s rrna and gyrb genes and by ap-pcr and saaflp. | the bacillus cereus group consists of closely related species of bacteria and is of interest to researchers due to its importance in industry and medicine. however, it remains difficult to distinguish these bacteria at the intra- and inter-species level. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a member of the b. cereus group. in this work, we studied the inter-species structure of five entomopathogenic strains and 20 isolates of bt, which were collected from different geo-ecological regions of ukraine, u ... | 2013 | 23556134 |
| activity of the bacillus thuringiensis nprr-nprx cell-cell communication system is co-ordinated to the physiological stage through a complex transcriptional regulation. | nprr is a quorum sensor of the rnpp family found in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. in association with its cognate peptide nprx, nprr controls the expression of genes essential for survival and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis during its necrotrophic development in insects. here, we report that the nprr-nprx genes are not autoregulated and are co-transcribed from a σ(a) -dependent promoter (pa ) located upstream from nprr. the transcription from pa starts at the onset of the station ... | 2013 | 23388036 |
| inactivation of foodborne pathogens in ground beef by cooking with highly controlled radio frequency energy. | the consumer demand for fresh tasting, high quality, low salt, preservative-free meals which require minimal preparation time magnifies the safety concern and emphasizes the need to use innovative technologies for food processing. a modern technique to uniformly heat and cook foods is based on a combination of convection and controlled radio frequency (rf) energy. however any advantage conferred on meat cooked by this method would be lost if application of the technology results in decreased saf ... | 2013 | 23290228 |
| [septicaemia of chironomid larvae (diptera: chironomidae) promoted by bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis]. | natural factors regulating the population of chironomids were studied. the bacteria bacillus cereus were isolated from chironomids sampled from kuyalnitskii firth after epizooty of chironomus sp., and bacteria bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis (bti) were isolated from dead larva of chironomus plumosus sampled in the sea of azov (3-m depth). bti were characterized by high insecticide activity on midges anopheles messeae fall., aedes cireneus mg., and culex pipiens pipiens f. pipiens l. | 2016 | 22988756 |
| development of a high-resolution melting-based approach for efficient differentiation among bacillus cereus group isolates. | strains belonging to bacillus cereus group include six different species, among which are bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus cereus sensu stricto, a causative agent of food poisoning. sequence of the panc-housekeeping gene is used for b. cereus group affiliation to seven major phylogenetic groups (i-vii) with different ecological niches and variations in thermal growth range and spore heat resistance of b. cereus group microorganisms varies among phylogenetic group ... | 2012 | 22881064 |
| high-salt stress conditions increase the paw63 transfer frequency in bacillus thuringiensis. | conjugation experiments with bacillus thuringiensis and transfer kinetics demonstrated that salt stress has a positive impact on plasmid transfer efficiency. compared to standard osmotic conditions (0.5% nacl), plasmid transfer occurred more rapidly, and at higher frequencies (>100-fold), when bacteria were exposed to a high-salt stress (5% nacl) in liquid brain heart infusion (bhi). under milder salt conditions (2.5% nacl), only a 10-fold effect was observed in luria-bertani broth and no differ ... | 2012 | 22820331 |
| bacillus spp. toxicity against haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep fecal cultures. | the gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus contortus is a major productivity constraint in sheep. in this study, the nematicidal effects of bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, bt. var. osvaldocruzi, bt. var. morrisoni, and bt. var. kurstaki were assessed in free-living larval stages of h. contortus. a spore-crystal suspension containing approximately 2×10(8)ufc/ml of each strain was added to sheep feces that were naturally infected with h. contortus eggs, ... | 2012 | 22728159 |
| structure, biosynthesis, and properties of kurstakins, nonribosomal lipopeptides from bacillus spp. | a new family of lipopeptides produced by bacillus thuringiensis, the kurstakins, was discovered in 2000 and considered as a biomarker of this species. kurstakins are lipoheptapeptides displaying antifungal activities against stachybotrys charatum. recently, the biosynthesis mechanism, the regulation of this biosynthesis and the potential new properties of kurstakins were described in the literature. in addition, kurstakins were also detected in other species belonging to bacillus genus such as b ... | 2012 | 22678024 |
| genome characteristics of a novel phage from bacillus thuringiensis showing high similarity with phage from bacillus cereus. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important entomopathogenic bacterium belongs to the bacillus cereus group, which also includes b. anthracis and b. cereus. several genomes of phages originating from this group had been sequenced, but no genome of siphoviridae phage from b. thuringiensis has been reported. we recently sequenced and analyzed the genome of a novel phage, btcs33, from a b. thuringiensis strain, subsp. kurstaki cs33, and compared the gneome of this phage to other phages of the b. cereus ... | 2012 | 22649540 |
| production of the antimicrobial peptides caseicin a and b by bacillus isolates growing on sodium caseinate. | the aim of this study was to identify bacillus isolates capable of degrading sodium caseinate and subsequently to generate bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity. | 2012 | 22642665 |
| sequence analysis of inducible prophage phis3501 integrated into the haemolysin ii gene of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis atcc35646. | diarrheic food poisoning by bacteria of the bacillus cereus group is mostly due to several toxins encoded in the genomes. one of them, cytotoxin k, was recently identified as responsible for severe necrotic syndromes. cytotoxin k is similar to a class of proteins encoded by genes usually annotated as haemolysin ii (hlyii) in the majority of genomes of the b. cereus group. the partially sequenced genome of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis atcc35646 contains several potentially induced proph ... | 2012 | 22567391 |
| molecular and toxigenic characterization of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from commercial ground roasted coffee. | thirty samples of roasted ground coffee beans from 10 different commercial brands were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and levels of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains. strains were evaluated for their genetic diversity by repetitive element sequence polymorphism pcr (rep-pcr) and for their toxigenic profiles, i.e., the presence of hbla, hblc, hbld, nhea, nheb, nhec, cytk, ces, and entfm. survival and multiplication of b. cereus sensu lato in the ready-to-drink coffee was ... | 2012 | 22410226 |
| complete genome sequence of the highly hemolytic strain bacillus cereus f837/76. | highly hemolytic strain bacillus cereus f837/76 was isolated in 1976 from a contaminated prostate wound. the complete nucleotide sequence of this strain reported here counts nearly 36,500 single-nucleotide differences from the closest sequenced strain, bacillus thuringiensis al hakam. f827/76 also contains a 10-kb plasmid that was not detected in the al hakam strain. | 2012 | 22374959 |
| functional assignment of yvgo, a novel set of purified and chemically characterized proteinaceous antifungal variants produced by bacillus thuringiensis sf361. | this study reports a novel class of antifungal protein derived from bacterial origin. bacillus thuringiensis sf361, the strain also responsible for producing the novel bacteriocin thurincin h, exhibits broad antifungal activity against select members of several fungal genera, including aspergillus, byssochlamys, and penicillium, as well as the pathogenic yeast candida albicans. optimal antifungal production and secretion were observed after-log phase growth when incubated at 37°c in a carbohydra ... | 2012 | 22307285 |
| bacterial mixture from greenhouse soil as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, on oriental melon. | the biological control efficacy of a greenhouse soil bacterial mixture of lactobacillus farraginis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis strains with antinematode activity was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. two control groups planted in soil drenched with sterile distilled water or treated with the broadspectrum carbamate pesticide carbofuran were used for comparison. the results suggest that the bacterial mixture is effective as a biocontrol agent against ... | 2012 | 22297227 |
| evidence of bacillus thuringiensis intra-serovar diversity revealed by bacillus cereus group-specific repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based pcr genomic fingerprinting. | bacillus thuringiensis is classified into serovars on the basis of h-flagellar antigens. several alternative typing methods have been described. among them, a b. cereus group-specific repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr fingerprinting technique was shown to be discriminative and able to identify b. thuringiensis serovars. the aim of this study was to investigate the genomic diversity and relationship among b. thuringiensis strains collected from different argentinean ecosystems. thirty-s ... | 2011 | 22286045 |
| cereulide produced by bacillus cereus increases the fitness of the producer organism in low-potassium environments. | cereulide, produced by certain bacillus cereus strains, is a lipophilic cyclic peptide of 1152 da that binds k(+) ions with high specificity and affinity. it is toxic to humans, but its role for the producer organism is not known. we report here that cereulide operates for b. cereus to scavenge potassium when the environment is growth limiting for this ion. cereulide-producing b. cereus showed higher maximal growth rates (µ(max)) than cereulide non-producing b. cereus in k(+)-deficient medium (k ... | 2012 | 22241046 |
| family portrait of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis cereulide-producing strains. | two thousand bacillus cereus sensu lato isolates from food and environmental matrices were screened by pcr for the presence of cereulide-producing strains. this survey identified 73 potential emetic strains, most of which originated from non-random food and clinical samplings. none of the 460 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides and bacillus pseudomycoides strains were pcr-positive for the cereulide genetic determinants. the chromosomal and extrachromosomal gene pool diversity of a subset o ... | 2009 | 23765791 |
| molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis of a bacillus thuringiensis chitinase to improve chitinolytic, synergistic lepidopteran-larvicidal and nematicidal activities. | bacterial chitinases are useful in the biocontrol of agriculturally important pests and fungal pathogens. however, the utility of naturally occurring bacterial chitinases is often limited by their low enzyme activity. in this study, we constructed mutants of a bacillus thuringiensis chitinase with enhanced activity based on homology modeling, molecular docking, and the site-directed mutagenesis of target residues to modify spatial positions, steric hindrances, or hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. w ... | 2015 | 25678849 |
| analysis of the interaction between bacillus coagulans and bacillus thuringiensis s-layers and calcium ions by xrd, light microscopy, and ftir. | s-layer is a self-assemble regularly crystalline surface that covers major cell wall component of many bacteria and archaea and exhibits a high metal-binding capacity. we have studied the effect of the calcium ions and type of solid support (glass or mica) on the structure of the s-layers from bacillus coagulans hn-68 and bacillus thuringiensis mh14 upon simple methods based on light microscopy and afm. furthermore, the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) study is indicated that the c ... | 2014 | 24639088 |
| comparative genomics analysis of the companion mechanisms of bacillus thuringiensis bc601 and bacillus endophyticus hbe603 in bacterial consortium. | bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus endophyticus both act as the companion bacteria, which cooperate with ketogulonigenium vulgare in vitamin c two-step fermentation. two bacillus species have different morphologies, swarming motility and 2-keto-l-gulonic acid productivities when they co-culture with k. vulgare. here, we report the complete genome sequencing of b. thuringiensis bc601 and eight plasmids of b. endophyticus hbe603, and carry out the comparative genomics analysis. consequently, b. t ... | 2016 | 27353048 |
| the direct repeat sequence upstream of bacillus chitinase genes is cis-acting elements that negatively regulate heterologous expression in e. coli. | to explore the influence of the direct repeat sequence (drs) in bacillus chitinase genes on heterogonous expression in escherichia coli, we cloned and sequenced the entire open reading frame (orf) and upstream sequences of the chitinase b (chib) and chitinase my75 (chimy75) from bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus licheniformis. a pair of 8-bp drs was found upstream of each chi gene. chi orfs with a series of truncated drs were cloned and transformed into e. coli xl-blue. the activity of the tra ... | 2012 | 22500893 |
| chitinase production by bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus licheniformis: their potential in antifungal biocontrol. | thirty bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants collected from egypt and screened for production of chitinase enzymes. bacillus thuringiensis nm101-19 and bacillus licheniformis nm120-17 had the highest chitinolytic activities amongst those investigated. the production of chitinase by b. thuringiensis and b. licheniformis was optimized using colloidal chitin medium amended with 1.5% colloidal chitin, with casein as a nitrogen source, at 30°c after five days of incubation. a ... | 2012 | 22367944 |
| effects of n-/c-terminal extra tags on the optimal reaction conditions, activity, and quaternary structure of bacillus thuringiensis glucose 1-dehydrogenase. | glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) is an oxidoreductase enzyme and is used as a biocatalyst to regenerate nad(p)h in reductase-mediated chiral synthesis reactions. in this study, the glucose 1-dehydrogenase b gene (gdhb) was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and wild-type (gdh-bt(wt)) and his-tagged (gdh-bt(n-his), gdh-bt(c-his)) enzymes were produced in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). all enzymes were produced in the soluble forms from e. coli. gdh-bt(wt) and gdh-bt(n-his) showed high s ... | 2016 | 27363470 |
| contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or bacteria to enhancing plant drought tolerance under natural soil conditions: effectiveness of autochthonous or allochthonous strains. | autochthonous microorganisms [a consortium of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (am) fungi and bacillus thuringiensis (bt)] were assayed and compared to rhizophagus intraradices (ri), bacillus megaterium (bm) or pseudomonas putida (psp) and non-inoculation on trifolium repens in a natural arid soil under drought conditions. the autochthonous bacteria bt and the allochthonous bacteria psp increased nutrients and the relative water content and decreased stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, proline and ... | 2015 | 25462971 |
| microbial inoculants and organic amendment improves plant establishment and soil rehabilitation under semiarid conditions. | the re-establishment of autochthonous shrub species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded soils under semiarid mediterranean conditions. a field assay was carried out to determine the combined effects of the inoculation with native rhizobacteria (bacillus megaterium, enterobacter sp, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sp) and the addition of composted sugar beet (sb) residue on physicochemical soil properties and lavandula dentata l. establishment. one year after planting, bacillus s ... | 2014 | 24463051 |
| differential activity of autochthonous bacteria in controlling drought stress in native lavandula and salvia plants species under drought conditions in natural arid soil. | the effectiveness of autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria was studied in lavandula dentata and salvia officinalis growing in a natural arid mediterranean soil under drought conditions. these bacteria identified as bacillus megaterium (bm), enterobacter sp. (e), bacillus thuringiensis (bt), and bacillus sp. (bsp). each bacteria has different potential to meliorate water limitation and alleviating drought stress in these two plant species. b. thuringiensis promoted growth and drought ... | 2014 | 24337805 |
| superstructure of the centromeric complex of tubzrc plasmid partitioning systems. | bacterial plasmid partitioning systems segregate plasmids into each daughter cell. in the well-understood parmrc plasmid partitioning system, adapter protein parr binds to centromere parc, forming a helix around which the dna is externally wrapped. this complex stabilizes the growth of a filament of actin-like parm protein, which pushes the plasmids to the poles. the tubzrc plasmid partitioning system consists of two proteins, tubulin-like tubz and tubr, and a dna centromere, tubc, which perform ... | 2012 | 23010931 |
| biological activities of xylooligosaccharides generated from garlic straw xylan by purified xylanase from bacillus mojavensis ueb-fk. | a newly isolated bacterium strain named ueb-fk was selected from tunisian sahara, exhibiting the highest clear zone on agar plates containing oat spelt xylan by staining with congo red. on the basis of 16s rdna sequence analysis, this strain was identified as bacillus mojavensis. this strain produced extracellular xylanase. xylanase from the strain was purified to homogeneity and had an apparent molecular weight of 14 kda. the k m and v max values of the purified xylanase on oat spelt xylan were ... | 2015 | 25351626 |
| an in-depth characterization of the entomopathogenic strain bacillus pumilus 15.1 reveals that it produces inclusion bodies similar to the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. | in the present work, the local isolate bacillus pumilus 15.1 has been morphologically and biochemically characterized in order to gain a better understanding of this novel entomopathogenic strain active against ceratitis capitata. this strain could represent an interesting biothechnological tool for the control of this pest. here, we report on its nutrient preferences, extracellular enzyme production, motility mechanism, biofilm production, antibiotic suceptibility, natural resistance to chemica ... | 2016 | 26782747 |