| ceftaroline potency among 9 us census regions: report from the 2010 aware program. | ceftaroline is a new antibacterial agent that is active against the major bacterial pathogens found in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. the 2010 assessing worldwide antimicrobial resistance evaluation (aware) surveillance program in the united states collected a total of 8434 bacterial isolates from 65 us medical centers across 9 us regions. the isolates were cultured and tested for susceptibility to ceftaroline and comparator agents ... | 2012 | 22903952 |
| macrolide and tetracycline resistance among moraxella catarrhalis isolates from 2009 to 2011. | the activity of macrolides and other antimicrobials was evaluated by clinical and laboratory standards institute reference broth microdilution methods for moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected during 2009-2011. in europe, the united states, and latin america, m. catarrhalis resistance to macrolides and tetracycline was <1%. however, in the asia-pacific region, clarithromycin and tetracycline resistance was 7.6% and 3.2%, respectively. the higher resistance rate in the asia-pacific region to c ... | 2012 | 22819241 |
| natural insertion of the bro-1 β-lactamase gene into the gatcab operon affects moraxella catarrhalis aspartyl-trna(asn) amidotransferase activity. | only about half of bacterial species use an asparaginyl-trna synthetase (asnrs) to attach asn to its cognate trna(asn). other bacteria, including the human pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, a causative agent of otitis media, lack a gene encoding asnrs, and form asn-trna(asn) by an indirect pathway catalysed by two enzymes: first, a non-discriminating aspartyl-trna synthetase (nd-asprs) catalyses the formation of aspartyl-trna(asn) (asp-trna(asn)); then, a trna-dependent amidotransferase (gatcab) t ... | 2012 | 22745266 |
| high prevalence and molecular analysis of macrolide-nonsusceptible moraxella catarrhalis isolated from nasopharynx of healthy children in china. | three hundred eighty-three isolates of moraxella catarrhalis were collected from healthy children aged less than 2 years in china and assessed for antimicrobial resistance. we found that 92.2% (n=353) produced a β-lactamase. nonsusceptibility rates to erythromycin and azithromycin, determined using clinical laboratory standards institute (clsi) breakpoints, were 40.3% and 22.5%, respectively; nonsusceptibility rates determined using pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics breakpoints, however, were 59 ... | 2012 | 22394083 |
| moraxella catarrhalis peritonitis. | peritonitis continues to be a major complication of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. recent advances in connectology and better patient training have decreased the incidence of peritonitis in the last two decades. peritonitis in pd patients is usually due to gram positive and less often due to gram negative organisms. herein we report a case of peritonitis due to moraxella catarrhalis and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this rare cause of peritonitis. | 2012 | 23569477 |
| a genoproteomic approach to detect peptide markers of bacterial respiratory pathogens. | rapid identification of respiratory pathogens may facilitate targeted antimicrobial therapy. direct identification of bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is confounded by interfering substances. we describe a method to identify unique peptide markers of 5 gram-negative bacteria by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) for direct pathogen identification in bal. | 2017 | 28588123 |
| alloiococcus otitidis forms multispecies biofilm with haemophilus influenzae: effects on antibiotic susceptibility and growth in adverse conditions. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a biofilm driven disease and commonly accepted otopathogens, such as haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumonia, and moraxella catarrhalis, have been demonstrated to form polymicrobial biofilms within the middle ear cleft. however, alloiococcus otitidis (a. otitidis), which is one of the most commonly found bacteria within middle ear aspirates of children with ome, has not been described to form biofilms. the aim of this study was to investigate whether a ... | 2017 | 28824879 |
| the bacterial species associated with aspirated foreign bodies in children. | inhaled foreign bodies in children are common and may be complicated by secondary airway tract infection. the inhaled foreign body may act as carrier of infectious material and the aim of this study was to explore the bacterial species associated with aspirated foreign bodies in a cohort of children. | 2017 | 28779997 |
| investigation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and xanthine oxidase--inhibitory activities of phellinus (agaricomycetes) mushroom species native to central europe. | ten representative central european phellinoid hymenochaetaceae species (phellinus sensu lato) were selected to examine their potential pharmacological activity. in this study 40 organic (n-hexane, chloroform, 50% methanol) and aqueous extracts with different polarities were analyzed for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and xanthine oxidase (xo)--inhibitory properties. fomitiporia robusta, fuscoporia torulosa, phellopilus nigrolimitatus, and porodaedalea chrysoloma showed moderate antibacterial ... | 2017 | 28845768 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chiral quaternary n-spiro ammonium bromides with 3',4'-dihydro-1'h-spiro[isoindoline-2,2'-isoquinoline] skeleton. | a new class of highly functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary carbon stereocenter was synthesized starting from an easily accessible l-tartaric acid. nine strains of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni) were used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentr ... | 2017 | 28740363 |
| simultaneous detection of 13 key bacterial respiratory pathogens by combination of multiplex pcr and capillary electrophoresis. | lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. it is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. to compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and capillary electrophoresis (mpce) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influ ... | 2017 | 28807095 |
| [a case of coccidioidomycosis in turkey imported from the united states of america]. | coccidioidomycosis caused by coccidioides immitis or coccidioides posadasii is a rare infectious disease except in endemic regions. in this report the third documented imported case of coccidioidomycosis in turkey was presented. a thirty-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with fever and purulent drainage from his chest tube. he had worked in arizona, usa, until 4 months before this presentation. while in arizona, he experienced cough and hemoptysis and was diagnosed as pulmonary ... | 2017 | 28566083 |
| identification of a large family of slam-dependent surface lipoproteins in gram-negative bacteria. | the surfaces of many gram-negative bacteria are decorated with soluble proteins anchored to the outer membrane via an acylated n-terminus; these proteins are referred to as surface lipoproteins or slps. in neisseria meningitidis, slps such as transferrin-binding protein b (tbpb) and factor-h binding protein (fhbp) are essential for host colonization and infection because of their essential roles in iron acquisition and immune evasion, respectively. recently, we identified a family of outer membr ... | 2017 | 28620585 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients presenting with ear, nose and throat (ent) infections in the german community healthcare setting. | empiric initial antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections is based primarily upon the susceptibility of the most common causative pathogens. the purpose of this study was to provide susceptibility data on six bacterial species known to cause ear, nose and throat (ent) infections. a total of 1066 isolates collected during a nationwide laboratory-based surveillance study were analysed. all streptococcus pyogenes isolates were penicillin (pen)-susceptible, indicating that natural penicillins can s ... | 2017 | 28429163 |
| typing and characterization of bacteria using bottom-up tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. | methods for rapid and reliable microbial identification are essential in modern healthcare. the ability to detect and correctly identify pathogenic species and their resistance phenotype is necessary for accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of infectious diseases. bottom-up tandem mass spectrometry (ms) proteomics enables rapid characterization of large parts of the expressed genes of microorganisms. however, the generated data are highly fragmented, making downstream analyses complex. her ... | 2017 | 28420677 |
| differences of lung microbiome in patients with clinically stable and exacerbated bronchiectasis. | molecular-based diagnostic techniques can compensate for the inherent limitations of culture-based microbiology and provide a more comprehensive description of an entire community of bacteria at a particular anatomical site. using culture-independent dna-based molecular techniques, the aim of the present study was to characterize, differentiate, and compare the composition of lower airway bacterial microbiome between clinically stable and acutely infected patients with bronchiectasis experiencin ... | 2017 | 28829833 |
| bacteriological incidence in pneumonia patients with pulmonary emphysema: a bacterial floral analysis using the 16s ribosomal rna gene in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | pulmonary emphysema is an important radiological finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, but bacteriological differences in pneumonia patients according to the severity of emphysematous changes have not been reported. therefore, we evaluated the bacteriological incidence in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) of pneumonia patients using cultivation and a culture-independent molecular method. japanese patients with community-acquired pneumonia (83) and healthcare-associated ... | 2017 | 28790814 |
| epidemiology of acute otitis media in the postpneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | to study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (aom), especially the otitis-prone condition, during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7 and 13 era. | 2017 | 28784702 |
| serum antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis proteins in stringently defined otitis prone children. | moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) is a frequent pathogen of acute otitis media (aom) in young children. here we prospectively assessed naturally-induced serum antibodies to four mcat vaccine candidate proteins in stringently defined otitis prone (sop) and non-otitis prone (nop) children age 6-36months old following nasopharyngeal (np) colonization, at onset of aom and convalescence from aom. | 2017 | 28755833 |
| determining optimal dosing regimen of oral administration of dicloxacillin using monte carlo simulation. | dicloxacillin, a semisynthetic isoxazolyl penicillin, exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of gram-positive bacteria, as well as stability against penicillinases and low level of toxicity. the objective of this study was to obtain optimal dosing regimen of oral administration of dicloxacillin by analyzing the pharmacokinetic (pk) index in healthy volunteers and in vitro antibacterial activity by using monte carlo simulation. | 2017 | 28721014 |
| acute otitis media in children. | acute otitis media is a common childhood infection. prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important. | 2017 | 28707578 |
| nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of japanese society of chemotherapy, the japanese association for infectious diseases, and the japanese society for clinical microbiology in 2012: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. | the nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from the patients in japan was conducted by japanese society of chemotherapy, japanese association for infectious diseases and japanese society for clinical microbiology in 2012. the isolates were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections during the period between january and december in 2012 by three societies. antimicrobial suscept ... | 2017 | 28669567 |
| 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv10) decreases metabolic activity but not nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | the effect of pneumococcal vaccination is widely variable when measured by nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine and non-vaccine targets. the aim of this study was to compare the carriage rates and metabolic activity of streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis among children who were or were not vaccinated with pcv10. | 2017 | 28668567 |
| infection by streptococcus pneumoniae in children with or without radiologically confirmed pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity in childhood, but the detection of its causative agent remains a diagnostic challenge. the authors aimed to evaluate the role of the chest radiograph to identify cases of community-aquired pneumonia caused by typical bacteria. | 2017 | 28668258 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae otitis media pathogenesis and how it informs our understanding of vaccine strategies. | this study aimed to review the literature regarding the mechanisms of transition from asymptomatic colonization to induction of otitis media and how the insight into the pathogenesis of otitis media has the potential to help design future otitis media-directed vaccines. | 2017 | 28616365 |
| colonization density of the upper respiratory tract as a predictor of pneumonia-haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, and pneumocystis jirovecii. | there is limited information on the association between colonization density of upper respiratory tract colonizers and pathogen-specific pneumonia. we assessed this association for haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, and pneumocystis jirovecii. | 2017 | 28575367 |
| bronchial inflammation and bacterial load in stable copd is associated with tlr4 overexpression. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (nod)-like receptors (nlrs) are two major forms of innate immune sensors but their role in the immunopathology of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is incompletely studied. our objective here was to investigate tlr and nlr signalling pathways in the bronchial mucosa in stable copd.using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of tlr2, tlr4, tlr9, nod1, nod2, cd14, myeloid differentiation primary respon ... | 2017 | 28536249 |
| budesonide, fluticasone propionate, and azithromycin do not modulate the membrane vesicle release by thp-1 macrophages and respiratory pathogens during macrophage infection. | patients with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease frequently experience exacerbations and it is estimated that up to 50% of these exacerbations are associated with bacterial infections. the mainstay treatment for these infection-related exacerbations constitutes the administration of glucocorticoids, alone or in combination with antibiotics. a recent line of evidence demonstrates that many hormones including the steroid beclomethasone can also directly affect bacterial growth, viru ... | 2017 | 28528362 |
| development of immunochromatographic colloidal gold test strip for rapid detection of haemophilus influenzae in clinical specimens. | a simple and fast test strip for simultaneous detection of haemophilus influenzae, based on the theory of colloidal gold immunochromatography was developed. | 2017 | 28497596 |
| bacteria isolated from the airways of paediatric patients with bronchiectasis according to hiv status. | knowledge of which bacteria are found in the airways of paediatric patients with bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis (cf) is important in defining empirical antibiotic guidelines for the treatment of acute infective exacerbations. | 2017 | 28492126 |
| surveillance of the activity of solithromycin (cem-101) against bacteria from respiratory tract infections. | the activity of solithromycin, a fourth-generation macrolide and novel fluoroketolide, was evaluated by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) (via clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution) against 2797 contemporary clinical respiratory tract isolates collected from north america, europe, asia-pacific and other regions of the world in 2012-13. solithromycin was very active against streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes, with mic90 of 0.25 and 0 ... | 2017 | 28483717 |
| effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage by respiratory pathogens among greenlandic children. | in 2010, greenland introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (prevnar 13®- pcv-13) in the childhood immunisation program. the authors aimed to evaluate the impact of pcv-13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of bacteria frequently associated with respiratory infections in children. | 2017 | 28467237 |
| effects of n-acetyl-l-cysteine on the membrane vesicle release and growth of respiratory pathogens. | bacterial infections contribute to the disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by stimulating mucus production in the airways. this increased mucus production and other symptoms are often alleviated when patients are treated with mucolytics such as n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac). moreover, nac has been suggested to inhibit bacterial growth. bacteria can release membrane vesicles (mvs) in response to stress, and recent studies report a role for these proinflammatory mvs in the pat ... | 2017 | 28444395 |
| a prospective, observational cohort study of the seasonal dynamics of airway pathogens in the aetiology of exacerbations in copd. | the aetiology of acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) is incompletely understood. understanding the relationship between chronic bacterial airway infection and viral exposure may explain the incidence and seasonality of these events. | 2017 | 28432209 |
| etiological analysis and epidemiological comparison among adult cap and nhcap patients in okinawa, japan. | etiological epidemiology and diagnosis are important issues for cap and nhcap. despite the availability of effective therapies, significant morbidity and mortality ensues. | 2017 | 28431934 |
| nasopharyngeal polymicrobial colonization during health, viral upper respiratory infection and upper respiratory bacterial infection. | we sought to understand how polymicrobial colonization varies during health, viral upper respiratory infection (uri) and acute upper respiratory bacterial infection to understand differences in infection-prone vs. non-prone patients. | 2017 | 28412081 |
| nonantibiotic macrolides restore airway macrophage phagocytic function with potential anti-inflammatory effects in chronic lung diseases. | we reported defective efferocytosis associated with cigarette smoking and/or airway inflammation in chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, and childhood bronchiectasis. we also showed defects in phagocytosis of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a common colonizer of the lower airway in these diseases. these defects could be substantially overcome with low-dose azithromycin; however, chronic use may induce bacterial resistance. the aim of t ... | 2017 | 28258107 |
| preferential aerosolization of bacteria in bioaerosols generated in vitro. | little is known about how bacteria are aerosolized in terms of whether some bacteria will be found in the air more readily than others that are present in the source. this report describes in vitro experiments to compare aerosolization rates (also known as preferential aerosolization) of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as rod- and coccus-shaped bacteria, using two nebulization conditions. | 2017 | 28632907 |
| a moraxella catarrhalis vaccine to protect against otitis media and exacerbations of copd: an update on current progress and challenges. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially causing otitis media in young children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. this pathogen employs several virulence mechanisms to colonize and survive in its host, including adherence and invasion of host cells, formation of polymicrobial biofilms with other bacterial pathogens and production of beta-lactamase. given the global impact of otitis media and copd, an effective vac ... | 2017 | 28853985 |
| stringently defined otitis prone children demonstrate deficient naturally induced mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis proteins. | moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) is a prominent mucosal pathogen causing acute otitis media (aom). we studied mcat nasopharyngeal (np) colonization, aom frequency and mucosal antibody responses to four vaccine candidate mcat proteins: outer membrane protein (omp) cd, oligopeptide permease (opp) a, hemagglutinin (hag), and pilin a clade 2 (pila2) from stringently defined otitis prone (sop) children, who experience the greatest burden of disease, compared to non-otitis prone (nop) children. sop childr ... | 2017 | 28848555 |
| molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant moraxella catarrhalis variants generated in vitro by stepwise selection. | moraxella catarrhalis causes respiratory infections. in this study, fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were selected in vitro to evaluate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance. strains with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility were obtained by stepwise selection in levofloxacin, and fluoroquinolone targets, gyr and par, were sequenced. six novel mutations in gyra (d84y, t594dup, and a722dup), gyrb (e479k and d439n), and pare (q395r) involved in m. catarrhalis resistance to fluoroquinolone ... | 2017 | 28760904 |
| treatment challenges of group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis. | introduction despite its in vitro efficacy, penicillin often fails to eradicate group a β-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) from patients with acute and relapsing pharyngo-tonsillitis (pt). objective this review of the literature details the causes of penicillin failure to eradicate gabhs pt and the therapeutic modalities to reduce and overcome antimicrobial failure. data synthesis the causes of penicillin failure in eradicating gabhs pt include the presence of β lactamase producing bacteria (bl ... | 2017 | 28680500 |
| a cation-binding surface protein as a vaccine antigen to prevent moraxella catarrhalis otitis media and infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human respiratory tract pathogen that is a common cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a vaccine to prevent these infections would have a major impact in reducing the substantial global morbidity and mortality in these populations. through a genome mining approach, we identified afea, an ∼32 kda substrate binding protein of an abc transport system as an excellent candidate ... | 2017 | 28659326 |
| isogenic mutations in the moraxella catarrhalis cyddc system display pleiotropic phenotypes and reveal the role of a palindrome sequence in its transcriptional regulation. | moraxella catarrhalis is becoming an important human respiratory tract pathogen affecting significant proportions from the population. however, still little is known about its physiology and molecular regulation. to this end, the cyddc, which is a heterodimeric atp binding cassette transporter that has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of the redox homeostasis across the periplasm in other gram-negative bacteria, is studied here. amino acids multiple sequence alignments indicated that ... | 2017 | 28647125 |
| infection after total knee arthroplasty by m. catarrhalis associated with rheumatoid arthritis and dmards therapy. | moraxella catarrhalis is not commonly associated with prosthetic joint infection (pji). we present the first case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis on certolizumab, an antitumor necrosis factor therapy, who developed pji following a total knee replacement. | 2017 | 28583061 |
| complete genome sequence of moraxella catarrhalis strain ccri-195me, isolated from the middle ear. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important bacterial pathogen that causes otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. here, we report the complete genome sequence of m. catarrhalis strain ccri-195me, which contains the phase-variable epigenetic regulator modm3. | 2017 | 28546484 |
| colonisation of antibiotic resistant bacteria in a cohort of hiv infected children in ghana. | antibiotic use not only selects for resistance in pathogenic bacteria, but also in commensal flora of exposed individuals. little is known epidemiologically about antibiotic resistance in relation to people with hiv infection in sub-saharan africa. this study investigated the carriage of antibiotic resistant bacteria among hiv infected children at a tertiary hospital in ghana. one hundred and eighteen hiv positive children were recruited at the korle-bu teaching hospital in ghana and nasopharyng ... | 2017 | 28451037 |