| development of the gateway system for cloning and expressing genes in entamoeba histolytica. | the early branching eukaryote entamoeba histolytica is a human parasite that is the etiologic agent of amebic dysentery and liver abscess. the sequencing of the e. histolytica genome combined with the development of an e. histolytica microarray has resulted in the identification of several distinct gene expression profiles associated with virulence. the function of many modulated transcripts is unknown and their role in pathogenicity is unclear. they however represent a pool of potential virulen ... | 2009 | 18822389 |
| purification, refolding and autoactivation of the recombinant cysteine proteinase ehcp112 from entamoeba histolytica. | the cysteine proteinase ehcp112 and the adhesin ehadh112 assemble to form the ehcpadh complex involved in entamoeba histolytica virulence. to further characterize this cysteine proteinase, the recombinant full-length ehcp112 enzyme was expressed and purified under denaturing conditions. after a refolding step under reductive conditions, the inactive precursor (ppehcp112) was processed to a 35.5 kda mature and active enzyme (ehcp112). the thiol specific inhibitor e-64, but not serine or aspartic ... | 2009 | 18824105 |
| intestinal parasitosis among subjects undergoing cataract surgery at the eye camps in rural hilly areas of nepal. | present study investigated the intestinal parasitosis among 221 subjects undergoing cataract surgery (m: 129 and f: 92; aged 13-86 years) at the eye camps in three rural hilly districts (ramechhap, sindhupalchok and dhading) in 2006. stool samples collected in clean, dry, screw capped plastic containers were examined locally by direct smear technique and anti-parasitic drugs were distributed to parasite positive subjects. the remaining stool samples were fixed with 10% formal-saline, transported ... | 2008 | 18828431 |
| amebiasis. | amebiasis is defined as infection with entamoeba histolytica, regardless of associated symptomatology. in resource-rich nations, this parasitic protozoan is seen primarily in travelers to and emigrants from endemic areas. infections range from asymptomatic colonization to amebic colitis and life-threatening abscesses. importantly, disease may occur months to years after exposure. although e histolytica was previously thought to infect 10% of the world's population, 2 morphologically identical bu ... | 2008 | 18828976 |
| inhibitory effects of iranian thymus vulgaris extracts on in vitro growth of entamoeba histolytica. | one of the most common drugs used against a wide variety of anaerobic protozoan parasites is metronidazole. however, this drug is mutagenic for bacteria and is a potent carcinogen for rodents. thymus vulgaris is used for cough suppression and relief of dyspepsia. also it has antibacterial and antifungal properties. the aim of this study was to investigate antiamebic effect of thymus vulgaris against entamoeba histolytica in comparison with metronidazole. one hundred gram air-dried t. vulgaris pl ... | 2008 | 18830054 |
| polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration intensity as consequence of entamoeba histolytica density in amebic colitis. | it has been suggested that the damage observed in invasive amebiasis is related to interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) and entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. we analyzed the relation between infiltrating inflammatory cell populations and e. histolytica density in intestinal amebic lesions. | 2009 | 18831680 |
| thermal unfolding of triosephosphate isomerase from entamoeba histolytica: dimer dissociation leads to extensive unfolding. | in mesophiles, triosephosphate isomerase (tim) is an obligated homodimer. we have previously shown that monomeric folding intermediates are common in the chemical unfolding of tim, where dissociation provides 75% of the overall conformational stability of the dimer. however, analysis of the crystallographic structure shows that, during unfolding, intermonomeric contacts contribute to only 5% of the overall increase in accessible surface area. in this work several methodologies were used to chara ... | 2008 | 18837510 |
| investigation of the prevalence of amoebiasis in izmir province and determination of entamoeba spp. using pcr and enzyme immunoassay. | amoebiasis is a common and life-threatening disease. the discrimination of the pathogenic entamoeba histolytica from the non-pathogenic entamoeba dispar could be done by advanced methods such as enzyme immunoassay (eia) and pcr. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of amoebiasis in izmir province, and differentiate the entamoeba species by pcr and eia. stool samples of 2,047 individuals were examined by direct microscopy, formalin ethyl acetate concentration, trichrome stainin ... | 2008 | 18843895 |
| entamoeba histolytica: response of the parasite to metronidazole challenge on the levels of mrna and protein expression. | entamoeba histolytica remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in many countries. although metronidazole has been used for the treatment of amoebiasis for several decades, little is known on how the amoebae react to this challenge on the levels of mrna and protein expression. in this study, we examined their response using a focused microarray, quantitative rt-pcr, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de). the amoebae modestly increased the levels of mrna coding for superoxide ... | 2008 | 18845147 |
| targets of the entamoeba histolytica transcription factor ure3-bp. | the entamoeba histolytica transcription factor upstream regulatory element 3-binding protein (ure3-bp) is a calcium-responsive regulator of two e. histolytica virulence genes, hgl5 and fdx1. ure3-bp was previously identified by a yeast one-hybrid screen of e. histolytica proteins capable of binding to the sequence tattctatt (upstream regulatory element 3 (ure3)) in the promoter regions of hgl5 and fdx1. in this work, precise definition of the consensus ure3 element was performed by electrophoret ... | 2008 | 18846235 |
| blastocystis exhibits inter- and intra-subtype variation in cysteine protease activity. | blastocystis is an enteric protistan parasite of zoonotic potential and poorly understood pathogenesis. we have previously reported that blastocystis cysteine proteases can degrade human secretory iga and are also responsible for the induction of il-8 response in colonic epithelial cells in vitro. differences in virulence between blastocystis subtypes have been reported recently in both animal models and clinical studies, although cellular mechanisms for these differences are currently unknown. ... | 2009 | 18846388 |
| gigantic hepatic amebic abscess presenting as acute abdomen: a case report. | amebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by entamoeba histolytica. it most commonly results in asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, but some patients develop intestinal invasive or extra-intestinal diseases. liver abscess is the most common extra-intestinal manifestation. the large number of clinical presentations of amebic liver abscess makes the diagnosis very challenging in non-endemic countries. late diagnosis of the amebic abscess may lead to perforation and amebic perito ... | 2008 | 18847505 |
| entamoeba histolytica uses ferritin as an iron source and internalises this protein by means of clathrin-coated vesicles. | entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that produces dysentery and often reaches the liver, leading to abscess formation. ferritin is an iron-storage protein that is mainly found in liver and spleen in mammals. the liver contains a plentiful source of iron for amoebae multiplying in that organ, making it a prime target for infection since iron is essential for the growth of this parasite. the aim of this study was to determine whether trophozoites are able to take up ferritin and interna ... | 2009 | 18848948 |
| isoform-dependent feedback regulation of serine o-acetyltransferase isoenzymes involved in l-cysteine biosynthesis of entamoeba histolytica. | serine acetyltransferase (sat; ec 2.3.1.30) catalyzes the coa-dependent acetylation of the side chain hydroxyl group of l-serine to form o-acetyl serine, in the first step of the l-cysteine biosynthetic pathway. since this pathway is selectively present in a few parasitic protists and absent in mammals, it represents a reasonable target to develop new chemotherapeutics. entamoeba histolytica apparently possesses three sat isotypes (ehsat1-3) showing 48-73% mutual identity, a calculated molecular ... | 2009 | 18851994 |
| a new modified technique for concentrating intestinal parasites. | the present study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a modification of the formol ethyl acetate concentration technique, with the addition of 25% acetic acid as compared with formol ethyl acetate concentration technique (fea) and fecal parasite concentrator kit fresh fecal material, free of ova and parasites, was pooled in a ratio of 1:4 with 10% buffered formalin to prepare a standardized specimen. sufficient volumes of formalin-fixed suspension of giardia lamblia cysts, entamoeba histolyt ... | 2008 | 18853623 |
| cytomegalovirus colitis mimics amebic colitis in a man with aids. | opportunistic gastrointestinal infections are common in patients with hiv infection; both amebic colitis and cytomegalovirus (cmv) colitis are common causes of chronic diarrhea. it is difficult to distinguish these 2 diseases by nonspecific clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. here we report a case of cmv colitis mimicking amebic colitis with elevated indirect hemagglutination assay antibody titer against entamoeba histolytica and negative igm antibody titer again ... | 2008 | 18854684 |
| entamoeba histolytica in wild rats caught in london. | | 1948 | 18861438 |
| chlorination and viability of entamoeba histolytica cysts. | | 1948 | 18865449 |
| [not available]. | | 1948 | 18872012 |
| an essentially synthetic liquid medium for entamoeba histolytica. | | 1948 | 18876879 |
| demonstration of acid phosphatase in endamoeba histolytica. | | 1948 | 18884307 |
| comparative growth rates of entamoeba histolytica in the presence of different bacteria. | | 1947 | 18895481 |
| [not available]. | | 1947 | 18899853 |
| investigation on the transmission of e. histolytica by cockroaches. | | 1947 | 18902866 |
| note on a strain of small race endamoeba histolytica which became large in culture. | | 1948 | 18908913 |
| studies on the growth requirements of endamoeba histolytica; maintenance of a strain of e. histolytica through 100 transplants in the absence of an actively multiplying bacterial flora. | | 1948 | 18908916 |
| studies on the growth requirements of endamoeba histolytica; preliminary observations on the cultivation of e. histolytica in a modified thioglycolate medium. | | 1948 | 18908917 |
| [not available]. | | 1947 | 18912657 |
| the prolongation of the viability of cultures of e. histolytica by the addition of streptomycin. | | 1947 | 18917677 |
| the reactions of entamoeba histolytica to certain factors in its environment. | | 1947 | 18935406 |
| cutaneous amebiasis in pediatrics. | cutaneous amebiasis (ca), which is still a health problem in developing countries, is important to diagnose based on its clinical and histopathologic features. | 2008 | 18936402 |
| recent insights into entamoeba development: identification of transcriptional networks associated with stage conversion. | entamoeba histolytica is an important human pathogen and a leading parasitic cause of death globally. the parasite life cycle alternates between the trophozoite form, which is motile and causes invasive disease and the cyst stage, which is environmentally resistant and transmits infection. understanding the triggers that initiate stage conversion is an important yet understudied area of investigation. recent progress in dissecting the transcriptional networks that regulate e. histolytica develop ... | 2009 | 18938171 |
| aetiology of community-acquired, acute gastroenteritis in hospitalised adults: a prospective cohort study. | the aetiology of severe gastroenteritis leading to hospitalisation in adults frequently remains unclear. our objective was to study the causes and characteristics of community-acquired, acute gastroenteritis in adult hospitalized patients to support the clinical management of these patients. | 2008 | 18940017 |
| effect of tourism and trade on intestinal parasitic infections in guatemala. | a survey was performed to determine if infection with gastrointestinal parasites differs between the rural and urban poor inhabitants of guatemala. a total of 317 stool samples from children in two towns, one rural and one urban, were examined using the formalin-ether concentration method. the overall prevalence of parasites in infected children was 67%, 20%, 30%, and 22%, respectively for ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica in the rural town o ... | 2009 | 18941875 |
| the divergent eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis has an m7g cap methyltransferase capable of a single n2 methylation. | eukaryotic rnas typically contain 5' cap structures that have been primarily studied in yeast and metazoa. the only known rna cap structure in unicellular protists is the unusual cap4 on trypanosoma brucei mrnas. we have found that t. vaginalis mrnas are protected by a 5' cap structure, however, contrary to that typical for eukaryotes, t. vaginalis spliceosomal snrnas lack a cap and may contain 5' monophophates. the distinctive 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (tmg) cap structure usually found on snrnas ... | 2008 | 18957443 |
| protozoa in respiratory pathology: a review. | among the micro-organisms that may affect the respiratory apparatus are the protozoa. the diseases they may give rise to constitute a relatively uncommon group of respiratory ailments with, in the majority of cases, an underlying clinical situation corresponding to states of suppressed immunity (aids, transplants, malign haemopathies, corticotherapy, etc.). other factors, such as visits to endemic areas and immigration, also have to be taken into account. in view of the probable increase in the ... | 2008 | 18978136 |
| promoter analysis of palindromic transcription units in the ribosomal dna circle of entamoeba histolytica. | rrna genes of entamoeba histolytica are organized as palindromic ribosomal dna (rdna) units (i and ii) in a 24.5-kb circle. although the two rdnas are identical in sequence, their upstream spacers are completely different. since the intergenic sequences (igs) of all rdna copies in other organisms are conserved and contain transcription regulatory sequences, the lack of sequence conservation in the igs prompted the question of whether both rdnas are indeed transcriptionally active. we mapped the ... | 2009 | 18978203 |
| first molecular identification of entamoeba moshkovskii in human stool samples in tunisia. | we report the first intestinal infections in tunisia with entamoeba moshkovskii in two healthy adults. entamoeba moshkovskii cysts were distinguished from those of the morphologically identical parasites entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar by specific nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. | 2008 | 18981508 |
| three cases of intestinal capillariasis in lao people's democratic republic. | capillaria philippinensis is a rare zoonotic intestinal parasite that emerged in the 1960s. the outcome of intestinal capillariasis may be fatal if untreated in due time. we report three cases of intestinal capillariasis in lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr). the three patients were unrelated previously healthy young men (24, 26, and 27 years of age) with no underlying disease or immune depression. they had chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, edema, and severe weight loss. two of them acqu ... | 2008 | 18981514 |
| an outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with intestinal parasites. | intestinal protozoa are one of the leading causes of waterborne outbreaks. stool samples of 196 residents from a village of izmir, using the public water supply, were collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis. patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire reporting on gender, age, gastrointestinal symptoms, whether or not there was a toilet in the house, their hygiene practices, and similar symptoms in the household members. of the patients who had gastrointestinal symptoms (74.5%), diar ... | 2008 | 18985582 |
| [the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children brought to the kars maternal and children's hospital with complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms]. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in 2-6 year-old children who were brought to kars maternal and children's hospital with complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms during march-june 2007. fecal samples were taken from children and brought to the parasitology laboratory of the faculty of veterinary medicine to be examined for intestinal parasites. fecal samples were examined by centrifugal formalin ether, zinc-sulphate floatation, and modified acid fast ... | 2008 | 18985583 |
| [the investigation of intestinal parasites in two primary schools in different social-economic districts of the city of yozgat, turkey]. | the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of intestinal parasites among children in two primary schools in different social-economic districts in the central region of yozgat and to educate the children about parasitic diseases. during the study, cellophane tape preparations and stool samples that had been prepared using direct mounting methods were examined. in addition the students were informed about intestinal parasites. parasitic infection was observed in 128 (34.9%) out of 367 s ... | 2008 | 18985585 |
| [distribution of intestinal parasites in patients presenting at the parasitology laboratory of the medical school of erciyes university between the years of 2005 and 2008]. | in this study carried out from january 2005-june 2008, a total of 28,911 stool samples were examined using native-lugol and flotation/sedimentation methods and 7,164 cellophane tape preparations were examined directly. intestinal parasites were found in 6,975 (24.13%). of the patients, 52.90% were female and 47.10%, male. blastocystis hominis, 5,701 (19.72%); entamoeba coli, 910 (3.15%); giardia intestinalis, 568 (1.96%); endolimax nana, 363 (1.26%); entamoeba hartmann i, 357 (1.23%); entamoeba ... | 2008 | 18985586 |
| transcriptional regulatory networks in entamoeba histolytica. | expression profiling with microarray technology has revolutionized exploration of transcriptional regulatory networks on a genome-wide scale. this approach has been successfully applied to the study of entamoeba histolytica, which causes dysentery and liver abscesses and is a leading parasitic cause of death globally. a variety of microarray platforms have been developed for this system including those generated from genomic dna, long oligonucleotides, and short oligonucleotides. using these too ... | 2008 | 18991605 |
| not only coughs and sneezes. | | 2008 | 18994670 |
| is intestinal parasitic infection still a public health concern among saudi children? | to determine the possible health risk associated with intestinal parasite infections among children with gastroenteritis in jeddah, kingdom of saudi arabia. | 2008 | 18998015 |
| characterization of entamoeba histolytica intermediate subunit lectin-specific human monoclonal antibodies generated in transgenic mice expressing human immunoglobulin loci. | four fully human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to entamoeba histolytica intermediate subunit lectin (igl) were prepared in xenomouse mice, which are transgenic mice expressing human immunoglobulin loci. examination of the reactivities of these mabs to recombinant igl1 and igl2 of e. histolytica showed that xehi-20 {immunoglobulin g2(kappa) [igg2(kappa)]} and xehi-28 [igg2(kappa)] were specific to igl1, xehi-b5 [igg2(kappa)] was specific to igl2, and xehi-h2 [igm(kappa)] was reactive with both igl ... | 2009 | 19001071 |
| entamoeba histolytica: effect on virulence, growth and gene expression in response to monoxenic culture with escherichia coli 055. | monoxenic cultivation of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica trophozoites with escherichia coli serotype 055 which binds strongly to the gal/galnac amoebic lectin, markedly improved the growth of e. histolytica and produced a significant decrease in cysteine proteinase activity and a lower cytopathic activity on monolayer cells after 3 months of monoxenic culture. however, after long term monoxenic culture (12 months) the proteolytic and cytopathic activities were recovered and the amoebic growth r ... | 2009 | 19014938 |
| giardia, entamoeba, and trichomonas enzymes activate metronidazole (nitroreductases) and inactivate metronidazole (nitroimidazole reductases). | infections with giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, and trichomonas vaginalis, which cause diarrhea, dysentery, and vaginitis, respectively, are each treated with metronidazole. here we show that giardia, entamoeba, and trichomonas have oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase (ntr) genes which are homologous to those genes that have nonsense mutations in metronidazole-resistant helicobacter pylori isolates. entamoeba and trichomonas also have nim genes which are homologous to those genes expressed ... | 2009 | 19015349 |
| trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica express a cd59-like molecule in human colon. | in vitro studies have proved the presence of epitopes of cd59 in the surface of trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica (e. histolytica). however, it has not been proved if cd59 molecules are expressed in the surface during the trophozoites' tissue invasion. the aim of the present study was to determine whether the complement-regulatory protein cd59 is present on trophozoites of e. histolytica in human colon. eleven specimens of amoebic colitis were studied by immunohistochemistry and electron mic ... | 2009 | 19018568 |
| high frequency of parasitic and viral stool pathogens in patients with active ulcerative colitis: report from a tropical country. | diarrhoeal relapses in patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) may be associated with enteric infections and its diagnosis may lessen avoidable exposure to corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of stool pathogens (parasitic and viral) in patients with active uc. | 2009 | 19040190 |
| cloning and identification of a gene coding for a 26-kda hemoglobin-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica. | the capability of entamoeba histolytica to use hemoglobin (hb) as an iron source has been documented. however, the underlying mechanism to acquire iron from this source is poorly understood. in the present work, an in silico analysis in the e. histolytica genome (pathema database) allowed us to identify a gene coding for a putative 26-kda protein (ehhmbp26) which contains the motifs necessary for hb-binding. the purified ehhmbp26 protein was able to bind hb. albeit with less efficiency, trophozo ... | 2009 | 19041684 |
| small rnas with 5'-polyphosphate termini associate with a piwi-related protein and regulate gene expression in the single-celled eukaryote entamoeba histolytica. | small interfering rnas regulate gene expression in diverse biological processes, including heterochromatin formation and dna elimination, developmental regulation, and cell differentiation. in the single-celled eukaryote entamoeba histolytica, we have identified a population of small rnas of 27 nt size that (i) have 5'-polyphosphate termini, (ii) map antisense to genes, and (iii) associate with an e. histolytica piwi-related protein. whole genome microarray expression analysis revealed that esse ... | 2008 | 19043551 |
| microbiological and toxicological effects of perla black bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) extracts: in vitro and in vivo studies. | we investigated the microbiological and toxicological effects of three perla black bean extracts on the growth and culture of selected pathogenic microorganisms, the toxicity over vero cell lines and an in vivo rat model. three different solvents were used to obtain perla black bean extracts. all three perla black bean extracts were tested for antibacterial and antiparasitic activity and further analysed for intrinsic cytotoxicity (ic(50)). methanol perla black bean extract was used for acute to ... | 2009 | 19053992 |
| imaging of hepatic infections. | hepatic infections include pyogenic and amebic abscesses and fungal and parasitic diseases. entry of the infectious organisms into the liver can occur by hematogenous spread via the portal vein or hepatic artery, ascension of the infection from the biliary tract, or from trauma. worldwide, liver abscess is most often caused by entamoeba histolytica, but in the developed world, pyogenic liver abscess is more common. fungal infection is most often seen in immunosuppressed chemotherapy patients, wh ... | 2008 | 19060716 |
| detection of entamoeba histolytica dna in the saliva of amoebic liver abscess patients who received prior treatment with metronidazole. | saliva is an easily-accessible and a non-invasive clinical specimen alternate to blood and liver pus. an attempt was made to detect entamoeba histolytica dna released in the saliva of amoebic liver abscess (ala) patients by applying 16s-like rrna gene-based nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (nm-pcr). the nm-pcr detected e. histolytica dna in the saliva of eight (28.6%) of 28 ala patients. the nm-pcr result was negative for e. histolytica dna in the saliva of all the eight ala patients w ... | 2008 | 19069620 |
| prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food-handlers in gondar town, northwest ethiopia. | food-handlers with poor personal hygiene working in food-service establishments could be potential sources of infection due to pathogenic organisms. the study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among 127 food-handlers working in the cafeterias of the university of gondar and the gondar teachers training college, gondar, ethiopia. fingernail contents of both the hands and stool specimens were collected from all the 127 food-handlers. the samples were e ... | 2008 | 19069624 |
| entamoeba histolytica: oxygen resistance and virulence. | entamoeba histolytica virulence has been attributed to several amoebic molecules such as adhesins, amoebapores and cysteine proteinases, but supporting evidence is either partial or indirect. in this work we compared several in vitro and in vivo features of both virulent e. histolytica (veh) and non-virulent e. histolytica (nveh) axenic hm-1 imss strains, such as complement resistance, proteinase activity, haemolytic, phagocytic and cytotoxic capacities, survival in mice caecum, and susceptibili ... | 2009 | 19073188 |
| genome wide survey, discovery and evolution of repetitive elements in three entamoeba species. | identification and mapping of repetitive elements is a key step for accurate gene prediction and overall structural annotation of genomes. during the assembly and annotation of three highly repetitive amoeba genomes, entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, and entamoeba invadens, we performed comparative sequence analysis to identify and map all class i and class ii transposable elements in their sequences. | 2008 | 19077187 |
| persistence of entamoeba histolytica infection in cba mice owes to intestinal il-4 production and inhibition of protective ifn-gamma. | the mechanisms whereby certain mouse strains develop persistent intestinal infection with entamoeba histolytica remain unclear. in this work, we characterized the kinetic pattern of cytokine responses during the course of natural infection in cba mice and showed that intracecal amebic infection led to a rapid and sustained upregulation of th2 (il-4, il-5, il-13) and th17 cytokine responses while th1 cytokines, il-12p35 and interferon (ifn)-gamma, were suppressed. depletion of il-4 cleared infect ... | 2008 | 19079171 |
| innate immunity prevents tissue invasion by entamoeba histolytica. | although innate and adaptive immunity both play a role in amoebiasis, the mechanisms involved in the elimination of entamoeba histolytica are poorly understood. to provide more information about the innate immune mechanisms that may confer protection against invasive amoebiasis, we administered inflammatory substances (bacillus calmette-guérin, lipopolysaccharide, complete freund's adjuvant, or mineral oil) into the peritoneum of hamsters. the animals were then challenged with pathogenic trophoz ... | 2008 | 19096458 |
| the vacuolar atpase from entamoeba histolytica: molecular cloning of the gene encoding for the b subunit and subcellular localization of the protein. | entamoeba histolytica is a professional phagocytic cell where the vacuolar atpase plays a key role. this enzyme is a multisubunit complex that regulates ph in many subcellular compartments, even in those that are not measurably acidic. it participates in a wide variety of cellular processes such as endocytosis, intracellular transport and membrane fusion. the presence of a vacuolar type h+-atpase in e. histolytica trophozoites has been inferred previously from inhibition assays of its activity, ... | 2008 | 19108705 |
| broad early immune response of porcine epithelial jejunal ipi-2i cells to entamoeba histolytica. | amoebiasis caused by entamoebahistolytica triggers an acute inflammatory response at early stages of intestinal infection. the patho-physiological study of intestinal amoebiasis requires the development of powerful animal models. swine provide robust model for human diseases and they could be used to study intestinal amoebiasis. here, we introduce an in vitro model of swine intestinal epithelial cell (ipi-2i) co-cultured with e. histolytica. intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) have crucial roles ... | 2009 | 19110312 |
| update on human infections caused by intestinal protozoa. | to update the reader on the recent literature discussing human infections due to intestinal protozoa. | 2009 | 19119509 |
| localization of entamoeba histolytica amebopore in amebic liver abscesses in hamsters. | amebopore was purified from axenically grown trophozoites of the entamoeba histolytica strain hm1:imss. the purification procedure involved mono q anion-exchange chromatography and electroelution. sequence analysis of the final product revealed that amebopore a was completely pure. polyclonal antibodies against the purified amebopore were obtained from rabbits, and western blot studies demonstrated their specificity. sections of experimental, acute (1, 2, 3, and 4 days), amebic liver abscesses p ... | 2008 | 19120254 |
| enteric protozoan parasitic infection in hiv seropositive individuals with diarrhoea. | a total of 78 hiv seropositive patients were included in the study from january 2004 to march 2006. enteric protozoan parasitic infections were diagnosed by microscopic examination of stool by fresh wet mount, stool smears stained by modified z.n., trichrome and calcofluor white stains. 20 samples (25.6%) revealed presence ofenteric protozoan parasites. | 2008 | 19127672 |
| entamoeba histolyticaehgef1 structure and mutational analysis: new specific residues critical for function. | this paper reports the ehgef1-ehracg and ehgef1-ehrho1 molecular complexes from entamoeba histolytica. the not conserved amino acids gln201,tyr299, gln302, lys312, asn313, phe314 and ile324 were localized, by means of an in silico computational analysis, at the interface of the exposed face from the dh domain of ehgef1, which are important to establish the contact with its target gtpases ehracg and ehrho1. functional studies of nucleotide exchange of phe314ala mutant showed a decrement of 80% on ... | 2009 | 19135094 |
| host-microbe interactions and defense mechanisms in the development of amoebic liver abscesses. | summary: amoebiasis by entamoeba histolytica is a major public health problem in developing countries and leads to several thousand deaths per year. the parasite invades the intestine (provoking diarrhea and dysentery) and the liver, where it forms abscesses (amoebic liver abscesses [alas]). the liver is the organ responsible for filtering blood coming from the intestinal tract, a task that implies a particular structure and immune features. amoebae use the portal route and break through the sin ... | 2009 | 19136434 |
| structural characterization of a novel ca2+-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica: structural basis for the observed functional differences with its isoform. | a novel ca(2+)-binding protein (ehcabp2) was identified from the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. ehcabp2 has 79% sequence identity with calcium-binding protein ehcabp1. the 3d structure of ehcabp2 was determined using multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. the study reveals that the protein consists of two globular domains connected by a short flexible linker region of four residues. on comparison of the 3d structure and dynamics of ehcabp2 with those of ... | 2009 | 19137330 |
| effects of dna damage induced by uv irradiation on gene expression in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. | previously, we provided evidence for the role of e. histolytica rad52 epistasis group genes and the ehrad51 recombinase in dna damage response. to identify other genes participating in dna repair in this protozoan parasite, here we analyzed the transcriptional response to genetic damage induced by ultraviolet light (uv) using cdna microarrays. we found that 11.6% (350 orfs) and 17.2% (522 orfs) of genes were modulated at 5 min and 3h after uv irradiation, respectively. most genes were less than ... | 2009 | 19138709 |
| improvement in detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in patients with travelers' diarrhea by increasing the number of e. coli colonies tested. | no cause of one-third of travelers' diarrhea (td) cases can be detected despite microbiologic assessment. we propose that these pathogen-negative td cases include undetected enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). as a standard in diagnostic microbiology, samples of five e. coli colonies were tested to detect etec from stool cultures. we compared the sensitivities and the number of etec detected by 20 colonies with those of 5, 10, and 15 colonies. the percent detection of etec with five e. coli ... | 2009 | 19141833 |
| two different chitinase genotypes in a patient with an amebic liver abscess: a case report. | the present work deals with the identification of a patient with two liver abscesses containing two different strains of entamoeba histolytica, as defined by chitinase gene plymorphisms. | 2009 | 19141839 |
| intestinal parasitosis in nalout popularity, western libya. | this paper studied gastrointestinal parasitosis in nalout popularity. a hospital based study was done on a total of 800 stool samples from a private laboratory in tigi city. the results showed an overall rate of 29.6%. of these patients, 7.59% had double or triple parasitic infections. children were more infected than adults. the parasites in a descending order were entamoeba histolytica (21%), enterobius vermicularis (7.5%), giardia lamblia (2.5%), balantidium coli (0.38%), and hymenolepis nana ... | 2008 | 19143135 |
| parasitiosis in handicapped children in an egyptian blind asylum. | examination of visually handicapped children and their serving staff revealed in a descending order enterobius vermicularis, giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, hymenolepis nana, ascaris lumbricoides, cryptospodium parvum, tricocephalus trichura and strongyloides stercoralis. head lice were encountered. but, neither blood parasites nor protozoan infective agent in water for human consumption. | 2008 | 19143142 |
| the human antimicrobial protein psoriasin acts by permeabilization of bacterial membranes. | psoriasin, a member of the s100 family of calcium-binding proteins (s100a7) is highly upregulated in the skin of psoriasis patients. as it has recently been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity, an important role of psoriasin in surface defence has been suggested. the similarity of the three-dimensional structures of psoriasin and amoebapore a, an ancient antimicrobial, pore-forming peptide from entamoeba histolytica, intrigued us to investigate whether the human psoriasin is also able to per ... | 2009 | 19162067 |
| [detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar by polymerase chain reaction in a community in zulia state, venezuela]. | differential identification of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar is essential for both appropriate patient treatment and epidemiological purposes. to determine the prevalence of these amoeba infections in santa rosa de agua (maracaibo, zulia state, venezuela), a pcr assay using specific primers for each species was standardized and applied. 204 stool samples were analyzed through direct microscopic examination with ssf (0.85%) and lugol, formol-ether concentration, and pcr. under direct ... | 2009 | 19180297 |
| analysis of autophagy in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba. | entamoeba histolytica is the enteric protozoan parasite that causes human amoebiasis. we have previously shown that autophagy is involved in proliferation and differentiation in the related species entamoeba invadens, which infects reptiles and develops similar clinical manifestations. because this group of protists possesses only a limited set of genes known to participate in autophagy in other eukaryotes, it potentially represents a useful model for studying the core system of autophagy and pr ... | 2008 | 19185732 |
| nonpathogenic entamoeba dispar quickly outgrows pathogenic entamoeba histolytica in mixed xenic cultures. | entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are two microscopically indistinguishable amoebae living in the human colon. the former is a pathogen, whereas the latter is a nonpathogenic commensal. using a model system of in vitro cocultures and pcr detection of the entamoeba species, we found that the nonpathogenic species can rapidly outgrow the pathogen in xenic cultures. | 2009 | 19187490 |
| impact of solar radiation in disinfecting drinking water contaminated with giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica/dispar at a point-of-use water treatment. | to determine the impact of natural sunlight in disinfecting water contaminated with cysts of giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica/dispar using plastic containers. | 2009 | 19191972 |
| education and imaging. gastrointestinal: amebic colitis. | | 2009 | 19196401 |
| recent discoveries in the pathogenesis and immune response toward entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is an enteric dwelling human protozoan parasite that causes the disease amoebiasis, which is endemic in the developing world. over the past four decades, considerable effort has been made to understand the parasite and the disease. improved diagnostics can now differentiate pathogenic e. histolytica from that of the related but nonpathogenic entamoeba dispar, thus minimizing screening errors. classically, the triad of gal-lectin, cysteine proteinases and amoebapores of the ... | 2009 | 19207103 |
| in-vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities, against clinical isolates of campylobacter species and entamoeba histolytica, of local medicinal plants from the venda region, in south africa. | in the quest for alternative treatments against campylobacter jejuni and entamoeba histolytica, which are both aetiological agents of diarrhoea world-wide, the in-vitro activities against the two pathogens of extracts of 18 south african medicinal plants have recently been assessed. forty extracts from the 18 plant species were prepared and tested against 110 clinical isolates of campylobacter spp. in addition, extracts from eight of the plant species were tested against a standard strain (hm-1: ... | 2009 | 19208300 |
| synthesis and in vitro trichomonicidal, giardicidal and amebicidal activity of n-acetamide(sulfonamide)-2-methyl-4-nitro-1h-imidazoles. | two new series of imidazole derivatives (acetamides: 1-8 and sulfonamides: 9-15) were synthesized using a short synthetic route. compound 1 as well as the intermediate 16g were characterized by x-ray crystallography. imidazole derivatives 1-15 were tested in vitro against three unicellular parasites (giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica) in comparison with benznidazole (bzn) and metronidazole. compound 1 [n-benzyl-2-(2-methyl-4-nitro-1h-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide] w ... | 2009 | 19208443 |
| using differential gene expression to study entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis. | the release of the entamoeba histolytica genome has facilitated the development of techniques to survey rapidly and to relate gene expression with biology. the association and potential contribution of differential gene expression to the life cycle and the virulence of this protozoan parasite of humans are reviewed here. | 2009 | 19217826 |
| [diarrhea from the infectologist's point of view]. | gastroenteritis is a nonspecific term for various pathologic states of the gastrointestinal tract. gastroenteritis causing pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. in the developed countries diarrhea is the most common reason for missing work, while in the developing world, it is a leading cause of death. internationally, the mortality rate is 5-10 million deaths each year. "traveller's diarrhea" is a polyetiologic common health problem of international travel ... | 2009 | 19218145 |
| effects of iron depletion on entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ehadh2) and trophozoite growth: implications for antiamoebic therapy. | the purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which iron chelation affects the trophozoite survival of entamoeba histolytica. fe2+ is a cofactor for e. histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ehadh2), an essential bifunctional enzyme [alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh)] in the glycolytic pathway of e. histolytica. | 2009 | 19218278 |
| short hairpin rna-mediated knockdown of protein expression in entamoeba histolytica. | entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite of humans. the genome has been sequenced, but the study of individual gene products has been hampered by the lack of the ability to generate gene knockouts. we chose to test the use of rna interference to knock down gene expression in entamoeba histolytica. | 2009 | 19222852 |
| ipecacuanha: the south american vomiting root. | the story of ipecacuanha, derived from the plant cephaelis, is a fascinating one. it was discovered in brazil in the 1600s and then transported to paris in the latter part of the same century. it was used there by the physician helvetius on various members of the french royal court to treat the flux (dysentery) with some success. later, in the eighteenth century, it was taken up by the physician and privateer thomas dover and became, with opium, a fundamental constituent of his celebrated powder ... | 2008 | 19227966 |
| enteroparasitosis and their ethnographic relationship to food handlers in a tourist and economic center in paraná, southern brazil. | this study reports on the occurrence of enteroparasites based on data from an ethnographic study of food handlers in the city of cascavel, paraná, brazil. fecal material from 343 food handlers of both sexes, between 14 and 75 years of age, was analyzed using lutz, modified ritchie and ziehl-neelsen techniques. ethnographic relationships were investigated by means of specific questionnaires. positive fecal samples were found for 131 (38.2%) handlers. endolimax nana (67.9%) was the predominant spe ... | 2009 | 19229388 |
| parasitic infections among karen in kanchanaburi province, western thailand. | the purpose of this study was to determine the rate of intestinal parasitic and malarial infections during a period of low infection among the residents of remote karen villages in thailand. fifty-five males and 64 females, aged 6 months to 70 years, were examined for malaria by thick blood smears using the giemsa staining technique. of the 119 subjects, 4 (3.36%) showed positive for malaria with vivax gametocytes. results suggested that mass screening was not an effective way for diagnosing mal ... | 2003 | 19230576 |
| [amebic meningoencephalitis]. | it has been reported that amebic meningoencephalitis is caused by some rhizopods, which are taxonomically different from entamoeba histolytica which is well known as the causative agent of amebic dysentery. different types of human meningoencephalitis have been reported to be caused by amphizoic amebae, which are not obligatorily parasitic (endozoic) but are usually free-living (exozoic) in nature, i.e., in environmental water and soil: naegleria fowleri causes acute primary amebic meningoenceph ... | 2009 | 19235460 |
| a developmentally regulated myb domain protein regulates expression of a subset of stage-specific genes in entamoeba histolytica. | conversion between a cyst and trophozoite stage is essential to disease transmission and pathogenesis in the parasitic protist entamoeba histolytica. a transcriptomic analysis of e. histolytica cysts and trophozoites has recently been accomplished, but the molecular basis of the regulation of encystation is not known. we have now identified a developmentally regulated myb protein (belonging to the shaqky family of myb proteins), which controls expression of a subset of amoebic stage-specific gen ... | 2009 | 19239479 |
| hepatic amebiasis: a reminder of the complications. | the complications of amebic liver abscess are underappreciated in developed countries and are often misdiagnosed. we report a 16-month-old male child with amebic liver abscess, initially misdiagnosed with pneumonia, who became critically ill with peritoneal, pleural and pericardial extension, and gastric perforation. in addition to highlighting the complications of amebic liver abscess, this case demonstrates the value of pcr testing as a diagnostic and molecular tool. | 2009 | 19242252 |
| a retrospective analysis of prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among school children in the palajunoj valley of guatemala. | this study retrospectively analyzed demographic factors that may affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites among guatemalan school children. the findings of the study showed that young age, wet season, female gender, and severe malnutrition all correlated positively with increased rates of infection. clinical visits were performed on 10,586 school children aged 5-15 years over a four-year period (2004-2007) in the palajunoj valley of guatemala, during which 5,705 viable stool samples were sc ... | 2009 | 19248646 |
| comparison of clinical characteristics of amebic liver abscess in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and non-hiv-infected patients. | amebic liver abscess is an emerging parasitic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. clinical characteristics of this disease have rarely been compared between patients with and without hiv infection. | 2008 | 19255688 |
| differential expression of surface glycoconjugates on entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar. | the human large intestine can harbor two morphologically similar amoebae; the invasive entamoeba histolytica and the non-invasive entamoeba dispar. whereas e. histolytica can produce intestinal and extra-intestinal lesions, e. dispar is present in non-symptomatic carriers. although biochemical, genetic and proteomic studies have identified clear differences between these entamoebae, it has become clear that several molecules, once assumed to be involved in tissue destruction, exist in both the v ... | 2009 | 19269346 |
| horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic parasites: a case study of entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. | over the past few years it has become apparent that horizontal gene transfer (hgt) has played an important role in the evolution of pathogenic prokaryotes. what is less clear is the exact role that hgt has played in shaping the metabolism of eukaryotic organisms. the main problems are the reliable inference of hgt on a genomic scale as well as the functional assignment of genes in these poorly studied organisms. we have screened the completed genomes of the protists entamoeba histolytica and tri ... | 2009 | 19271203 |
| a study on the usefulness of techlab entamoeba histolytica ii antigen detection elisa in the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (ala) at hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm), kelantan, malaysia. | amoebic serodiagnosis at hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm), kelantan employs an indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) which detects anti-entamoeba histolytica antibodies in patients' serum samples. in an amoebiasis endemic area such as kelantan, interpretation of a positive iha result can be problematic due to the high background antibody levels. the techlab e. histolytica ii elisa is a commercial kit for detection of specific gal/galnac lectin antigen in stool samples, and has been rep ... | 2008 | 19287359 |
| intestinal parasitic infections in srimum suburban area of nakhon ratchasima province, thailand. | a survey on intestinal parasitic infections and some risk factors of infection (social, economic and behavioral) was conducted in suburban area at simum subdistrict, mueang district, nakhon ratchasima province during the period of april 3rd to april 11th, 2007. a total of 214 stool samples, from 85 males and 129 females were examined using simple direct smear, kato's thick smear and modified harada-mori filter paper strip culture technique. the results showed that the prevalence rate of protozoa ... | 2008 | 19287363 |
| molecular basis of the unusual catalytic preference for gdp/gtp in entamoeba histolytica 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. | phosphoglycerate kinase (ec 2.7.2.3) catalyzes reversible phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to adp to synthesize 3-phosphoglycerate and atp during glycolysis. phosphoglycerate kinases from several sources can use gdp/gtp as alternative substrates to adp/atp; however, the maximal velocities (v(m)) reached with the guanine nucleotides are approximately 50% of those displayed with the adenine nucleotides. by contrast, entamoeba histolytica phosphoglycerate kinase (ec 2.7.2.10) is the ... | 2009 | 19292872 |