| microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. | most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes of sinusitis. the most common bacterial isolates from children and adult patients with community-acquired acute bacterial sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes. staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic organisms (prevotella and porphyromonas, fusobacterium, a ... | 2016 | 27086363 |
| results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2011-13 in turkey. | data are presented from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) for respiratory tract infection pathogens collected in 2011-13 from turkey. | 2016 | 27048584 |
| results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2009-11 and 2013-14 in china. | to compare antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory bacteria in china during 2009-11 and 2013-14. | 2016 | 27048581 |
| results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (soar) 2012-14 in thailand, india, south korea and singapore. | to provide susceptibility data for community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected in 2012-14 from four asian countries. | 2016 | 27048580 |
| detection of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute otitis media by pcr and comparison of findings in the middle ear and nasopharynx. | we conducted a series of polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) in order to detect bacteria (7 species) and viruses (17 species) in middle ear fluid (mef) and nasopharynx (nph) of children with acute otitis media (aom; n=179). bacterial and viral nucleic acids were detected in mef of 78.8% and 14.5% patients, respectively. the prevalence was as follows: streptococcus pneumoniae, 70.4%; haemophilus influenzae, 17.9%; staphylococcus aureus, 16.8%; streptococcus pyogenes, 12.3%; moraxella catarrhalis, 9 ... | 2016 | 26971180 |
| serum cytokine biomarkers accurately predict presence of acute otitis media infection and recovery caused by haemophilus influenzae. | we sought to develop an optimal model using a combination of serum biomarker pro-inflammatory and dampening inflammatory cytokine proteins to predict the presence of acute otitis media (aom) infection and recovery caused by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). | 2016 | 26968077 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the natural antibodies and antibody responses against protein antigens from streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in children with community-acquired pneumonia. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are common causative agents of respiratory infections. pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been introduced recently, but their effect on the natural immunity against protein antigens from these pathogens has not been elucidated. | 2016 | 26954601 |
| haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in chronic otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a highly prevalent disease in children, but the exact pathogenesis and role of bacteria are still not well understood. this study aimed to investigate the presence of otopathogenic bacteria in the middle ear effusion (mee) and adenoid of children with chronic ome (come), and to investigate in vivo whether these bacteria, especially haemophilus influenzae, are organized as a biofilm in the middle ear fluid. mee and adenoid samples were collected from 21 patient ... | 2016 | 26946303 |
| susceptibility to lower respiratory infections in childhood is associated with perturbation of the cytokine response to pathogenic airway bacteria. | neonatal colonization of the airways with respiratory pathogens is associated with increased risk of lower respiratory infections (lri) in early childhood. therefore, we hypothesized that children developing lri have an aberrant immune response to pathogenic bacteria in infancy. the objective was to characterize in vitro the early life systemic immune response to pathogenic bacteria and study the possible association with incidence of lri during the first 3 years of life. | 2016 | 26910587 |
| synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel 4″-glycyl linked quinolyl-azithromycins with potent activity against macrolide-resistant pathogens. | a new azithromycin-based series of antibacterial macrolones is reported, which features the use of a 4″-ester linked glycin for tethering the quinolone side chain to the macrolide scaffold. among the analogs prepared, compounds 9e and 22f with a quinolon-6-yl moiety were found to have potent and well-balanced activity against clinically important respiratory tract pathogens, including erythromycin-susceptible and mlsb resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and hae ... | 2016 | 26860929 |
| the impact of exogenous factors on respiratory pathogen-induced innate alveolar macrophage responses in copd. | alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) have fundamentally impaired innate immune responses to toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). however, whether dysfunctional inflammatory responses in copd extend to macrophage interactions with intact respiratory pathogens beyond nthi has not been explored. furthermore, the influences of exogenous factors, including active smoking and medications, on pathogen-induced innate immune respon ... | 2016 | 26853802 |
| [middle ear infection]. | middle ear infection is one of the most common childhood infections and the leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions. although the etiological diagnosis is rarely discovered, successful identification of pathogens depends on properly collected sample, chosen method and microbiological analysis made on time. the most common bacterial pathogen is streptococcus pneumoniae. others include haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa, known as the most common bacterial ... | 2016 | 26749955 |
| [a multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis from community acquired infections in saitama, japan]. | we examined regional surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of community acquired bacterial pathogens from patients in saitama, japan. the fourth-year survey was conducted in three of the period 2007-2010 (period i, 2007-2008; period ii, 2008-2009; period iii, 2009-2010). antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by japanese society of chemotherapy using maximum 13 antibacterial agents. susceptibility testing ... | 2015 | 26742285 |
| the effects of live attenuated influenza vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacteria in healthy 2 to 4 year olds. a randomized controlled trial. | viral infections of the upper respiratory tract may influence the commensal nasopharyngeal bacteria. changes in the bacterial niche could affect transmission dynamics. attenuated vaccine viruses can be used to investigate this empirically in humans. | 2016 | 26742001 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria in the 7th year after implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the netherlands. | after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) in the infant national immunization program (nip) in the netherlands in 2006, streptococcus pneumoniae strains of the non-vaccine serotype 19a emerged and became the dominant serotype in carriage in children and their parents. similar patterns were observed in other european countries and the united states. increases in carriage rates of staphylococcus aureus and non-typeable (nt) haemophilus influenzae were also observed. ... | 2016 | 26667610 |
| haemophilus influenzae isolates survive for up to 20 years at -70 °c in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth (stggb) if thawing is avoided during re-culture. | haemophilus influenzae remains a major cause of disease worldwide requiring continued study. recently, isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, but not h. influenzae, were reported to survive long-term ultra-freeze storage in stggb. we show that nontypeable h. influenzae isolates survive for up to 20 years when thawing is avoided. | 2015 | 26477641 |
| vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identifying respiratory bacterial pathogens: a fast and efficient method. | mass spectrometry has become a reference resource for identifying microorganisms in clinical microbiology services. one hundred and fifty one clinical isolates were selected from respiratory specimens routinely identified as streptococcus pneumoniae (43), haemophilus influenzae (64) and moraxella catarrhalis (44). these identifications were compared with other phenotypical methods and mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms vitek). result discrepancies were assessed by 16s rrna sequencing. thirty-eight ... | 2015 | 26437754 |
| impact of bacteria in nasal aspirates on disease severity of bronchiolitis. | the effect of potentially pathogenic bacteria (ppb) on disease severity in patients with bronchiolitis is understudied. | 2016 | 26365560 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage and macrolide resistance in indigenous children with bronchiectasis randomized to long-term azithromycin or placebo. | although long-term azithromycin decreases exacerbation frequency in bronchiectasis, increased macrolide resistance is concerning. we investigated macrolide resistance determinants in a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. indigenous australian children living in remote regions and urban new zealand māori and pacific islander children with bronchiectasis were randomized to weekly azithromycin (30 mg/kg) or placebo for up to 24 months and followed post-intervention for ... | 2015 | 26363637 |
| [efficacy and safety of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (1: 14) dry syrup in the treatment of children with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis]. | to demonstrate clinical value of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc) 1:14 combination dry syrup for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (abrs), the efficacy and safety were evaluated in a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study in 27 children with abrs. the proportion of subjects who were 'cured' at the test of cure as the primary endpoint was 88.5%. in subjects with a major pathogenic bacteria at baseline (i.e., streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) bacte ... | 2015 | 26349117 |
| a longitudinal study of lung bacterial pathogens in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. | in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd), impaired mucociliary clearance leads to an accumulation of secretions in the airways and susceptibility to repeated bacterial infections. the primary aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial flora in non-chronic and chronic infections in the lower airways of patients with pcd. we retrospectively reviewed the presence of bacteria from patients with pcd during an 11-year period and genotyped 35 pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from 12 pat ... | 2015 | 26341913 |
| associations between viral and bacterial potential pathogens in the nasopharynx of children with and without respiratory symptoms. | nasopharyngeal (np) bacterial colonization is necessary for subsequent respiratory and/or invasive infection. our study aimed at comparing np bacterial colonization rates between children with and without symptoms of an acute viral respiratory tract infection and examining associations between identified microorganisms. | 2015 | 26262821 |
| dentures are a reservoir for respiratory pathogens. | recent studies have established a relationship between dental plaque and pulmonary infection, particularly in elderly individuals. given that approximately one in five adults in the uk currently wears a denture, there remains a gap in our understanding of the direct implications of denture plaque on systemic health. the aim of this study was to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of putative respiratory pathogens residing upon dentures using a targeted quantitative molecular approach. | 2016 | 26260391 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2011)]. | from october 2011 to september 2012, we collected the specimen from 316 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. all of 357 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 51, streptococcus pneumoniae 73, haemophi ... | 2015 | 26182814 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2010)]. | from october 2010 to september 2011, we collected the specimen from 361 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. all of 399 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 70, streptococcus pneumoniae 65, haemophi ... | 2015 | 26182813 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial burden and antibiotics: influence on inflammatory markers and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | animal studies suggest that rsv increases nasopharyngeal (np) bacterial colonization facilitating bacterial infections. we investigated the influence of antibiotic treatment and colonization with potentially pathogenic bacteria on inflammatory markers and disease severity in rsv-infected in infants. | 2015 | 26149186 |
| children hospitalized due to acute otitis media: how does this condition differ from acute mastoiditis? | to evaluate the clinical picture and microbiological findings of children hospitalized due to acute otitis media and to analyze how it differs from acute mastoiditis. | 2015 | 26141864 |
| impact of bacterial coinfection on clinical outcomes in pneumococcal pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of bacterial coinfection on patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. we retrospectively analyzed the incidence, clinical features, microbial distributions, and outcomes of patients with bacterial coinfection in a cohort of 433 hospitalized patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. eighty-five patients (19.6 %) were diagnosed with bacterial coinfection; the most frequent pathogens were haemophilus influenzae (25 patients, 33.3 %), methicillin-suscep ... | 2015 | 26059041 |
| volatile organic compounds generated by cultures of bacteria and viruses associated with respiratory infections. | respiratory infections (ri) can be viral or bacterial in origin. in either case, the invasion of the pathogen results in production and release of various volatile organic compounds (vocs). the present study examines the vocs released from cultures of five viruses (influenza a, influenza b, adenovirus, respiratory syncitial virus and parainfluenza 1 virus), three bacteria (moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and legionella pneumophila) and mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated colonies. our r ... | 2015 | 26033043 |
| nationwide surveillance of 6 otorhinolaryngological infectious diseases and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the isolated pathogens in japan. | the japanese three academic societies joint antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance committee has conducted a nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and rates of isolation in 6 otolaryngological diseases. the surveillance program was conducted in the otorhinolaryngological departments of 29 universities, and their 26 affiliated hospitals. patients suffering from acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, acute nasal sinusitis, chronic nasal sinusitis, acute tonsillitis ... | 2015 | 26004175 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2009)]. | from october 2009 to september 2010, we collected the specimen from 432 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. all of 479 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 90, streptococcus pneumoniae 74, haemophi ... | 2015 | 25980052 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2008)]. | from october 2008 to september 2009, we collected the specimen from 374 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 15 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 423 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, 421 strains were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 78, streptococcus pneumoniae 78, ... | 2015 | 25980051 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2007)]. | from october 2007 to september 2008, we collected the specimen from 362 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 14 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 413 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, 412 strains were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 65, streptococcus pneumoniae 90, ... | 2015 | 25980050 |
| long-term survival of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis as isolates and in nasopharyngeal specimens in frozen stgg storage medium. | we evaluated survival in who-recommended stgg storage medium of bacteria causing respiratory-tract infection. streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis survived as single and mixed isolates stored at -70°c for 12.5 years, but haemophilus influenzae less than 4 years. all the bacteria survived in the nasopharyngeal specimens at -70°c for 11 years. | 2015 | 25937246 |
| recurrent, protracted and persistent lower respiratory tract infection: a neglected clinical entity. | community-acquired pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening disease affecting children worldwide. recurrent pneumonia episodes can lead to the development of chronic respiratory morbidity. chronic wet cough, a common pediatric complaint, is defined as a wet cough indicating excessive airway mucus that lasts for a minimum of 4 weeks. most children with a chronic wet cough do not suffer from underlying debilitating pulmonary disorders. rather, chronic wet cough is generally associated with neut ... | 2015 | 25917807 |
| association between respiratory infections in early life and later asthma is independent of virus type. | lower respiratory tract infections in the first years of life are associated with later asthma, and this observation has led to a focus on the potential causal role of specific respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus, in asthma development. however, many respiratory viruses and bacteria trigger similar respiratory symptoms and it is possible that the important risk factors for asthma are the underlying susceptibility to infection and the exaggerated reaction to ... | 2015 | 25910716 |
| detection of antibody responses against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis proteins in children with community-acquired pneumonia: effects of combining pneumococcal antigens, pre-existing antibody levels, sampling interval, age, and duration of illness. | we evaluated the effects of combining different numbers of pneumococcal antigens, pre-existing antibody levels, sampling interval, age, and duration of illness on the detection of igg responses against eight streptococcus pneumoniae proteins, three haemophilus influenzae proteins, and five moraxella catarrhalis proteins in 690 children aged <5 years with pneumonia. serological tests were performed on acute and convalescent serum samples with a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. the median sampl ... | 2015 | 25894988 |
| nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of japanese society of chemotherapy, the japanese association for infectious diseases, and the japanese society for clinical microbiology in 2010: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility. | the nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from patients in japan, was conducted by japanese society of chemotherapy, japanese association for infectious diseases and japanese society for clinical microbiology in 2010. the isolates were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections during the period from january and april 2010 by three societies. antimicrobial susceptibility test ... | 2015 | 25817352 |
| [resistance surveillance of major pathogens for adult community-acquired respiratory tract infections in china: a multicenter study 2012]. | to investigate antimicrobial resistance among pathogens responsible for adult community-acquired respiratory tract infections from 11 hospitals of china. | 2015 | 25791651 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a real-time pcr assay for detecting viruses and bacteria of relevance for community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia may present with similar clinical symptoms, regardless of viral or bacterial cause. diagnostic assays are needed to rapidly discriminate between causes, because this will guide decisions on appropriate treatment. therefore, a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay with duplex reactions targeting eight bacteria and six viruses was developed. technical performance was examined with linear plasmids. upper and lower respiratory tract specimens were used to compare the q ... | 2015 | 25772704 |
| acute otorrhea in children with tympanostomy tubes: prevalence of bacteria and viruses in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | acute tympanostomy-tube otorrhea is a common sequela in children with tympanostomy tubes. acute tympanostomy-tube otorrhea is generally a symptom of an acute middle ear infection, whereby middle ear fluid drains through the tube. the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (pcv) has changed the bacterial prevalence in the upper respiratory tract of children, but its impact on bacterial and viral pathogens causing acute tympanostomy-tube otorrhea is yet unknown. | 2015 | 25764097 |
| changing trends of acute otitis media bacteriology in central israel in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines era. | the widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has changed acute otitis media (aom) bacteriology. only scattered data with regard to this effect of pcv13 have been published so far. | 2015 | 25741972 |
| vaccines for patients with copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow limitation. this disease is currently the fourth higher cause of death in the world, and it is predicted to be the third by the year 2020. patients with copd are frequently exposed to human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial and influenza virus, as well as to haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis. these infectious agents are responsible for exac ... | 2015 | 25706527 |
| nasopharyngeal vs. adenoid cultures in children undergoing adenoidectomy: prevalence of bacterial pathogens, their interactions and risk factors. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus colonization of the adenoids and nasopharynx in 103 preschool children who underwent adenoidectomy for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections was examined. bacterial interactions and risk factors for bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx and adenoids, separately, were analysed statistically. the prevalence of simultaneous isolation from both anatomical sites was 45·6% for s. pneumoniae, 29 ... | 2015 | 25703401 |
| do orally administered antibiotics reach concentrations in the middle ear sufficient to eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria? a review. | infectious conditions of the middle ear are a common and significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. systemic antibiotics are frequently used, but their effectiveness will depend on whether an adequate antibiotic concentration is achieved in the middle ear; this is especially important in biofilm infections such as otitis media with effusion (ome), where high antibiotic concentrations are typically required for effective treatment. | 2015 | 25623134 |
| efficacy and safety of intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin 3 g 4 times daily in japanese adults with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study. | although sulbactam/ampicillin (sbt/abpc) 3 g 4 times daily (qid) is widely used worldwide for patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap), the 3 g qid regimen was not available in japan. in fact, there has been no evidence from a formal clinical study regarding the efficacy and safety of sbt/abpc 3 g qid in these patients. we report the first results of a multicenter, unblinded, non-comparative, phase 3 study of sbt/abpc 3 g qid in japanese adults with moderate to severe ... | 2015 | 25533886 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in children with early onset of acute otitis media - a randomized controlled trial. | although children vaccinated with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) had fewer episodes of acute otitis media (aom), this trial was unable to prove a simultaneous decrease in nasopharyngeal carriage. | 2015 | 25496176 |
| genetic analysis of a pediatric clinical isolate of moraxella catarrhalis with resistance to macrolides and quinolones. | during the surveillance conducted in 2012 by the drug-resistant pathogen surveillance group in pediatric infectious disease, we isolated a strain of moraxella catarrhalis that demonstrated resistance to both macrolides and quinolones from a male pediatric patient aged 1.5 years who had developed acute bronchitis. then we evaluated the susceptibility of this strain to different types of antibacterial agents and conducted a genetic analysis. the results of the susceptibility evaluation showed that ... | 2015 | 25481761 |
| environmental sampling for respiratory pathogens in jeddah airport during the 2013 hajj season. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are common during the hajj season and are caused by a variety of organisms, which can be transmitted via the air or contaminated surfaces. we conducted a study aimed at sampling the environment in the king abdul aziz international (kaai) airport, pilgrims city, jeddah, during hajj season to detect respiratory pathogens. | 2014 | 25465254 |
| [management of copd exacerbations: from primary care to hospitalization]. | the société de pneumologie de langue française defines acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae copd) as an increase in daily respiratory symptoms, basically duration ≥ 48h or need for treatment adjustment. etiology of ea copd are mainly infectious, viral (rhinovirus, influenzae or parainfluenzae virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, or moraxella catarrhalis). pollutant exposure can a ... | 2014 | 25451635 |
| impact of poor compliance with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on respiratory tract infection antimicrobial efficacy: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation study. | the purpose of this report was to assess the impact of poor compliance on the efficacy of levofloxacin (lfx) and moxifloxacin (mox), two fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) properties, in respiratory infections. the fauc0-24h and fauc0-24h/mic90 ratio, a pk/pd index predictive of bacterial eradication, were extracted from previously described population pk models for lfx and mox. the mic90 was according to eucast. monte carlo simulations were used with l ... | 2015 | 25450804 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftaroline fosamil. | ceftaroline fosamil is a 5th generation cephalosporin with an in vitro spectrum of activity including streptococcus agalactiae, penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant s. pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible s. aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, k. pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. it is currently approved by the fda for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacteria ... | 2014 | 25347329 |
| using monte carlo simulation to determine optimal dosing regimen for cefetamet sodium for injection. | the objective of the study was to use monte carlo simulation to determine the optimal treatment dosing regimen of the cefetamet sodium for injection by analysing the pharmacokinetics (pk) parameters in healthy chinese volunteers, and antibacterial activity in vitro was also examined. a three-cross latin square single-dose pk study was designed. twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 500, 1000, and 2000 mg of cefetamet sodium for iv infusion over 30 minutes in three periods sequenti ... | 2016 | 25252727 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and characterization of pneumococcal serotypes and genotypes among children in moscow, russia. | we aimed to describe bacterial etiology of acute otitis media (aom) and characterize resistance, serotypes and genotype profiles of aom-causing pneumococci recovered in moscow children. | 2015 | 25232779 |
| changing trends of acute otitis media bacteriology in israel in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | the widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has changed acute otitis media (aom) bacteriology. only scattered data with regards to this effect of pcv13 have been published so far. | 2014 | 25229270 |
| bacterial spectrum of spontaneously ruptured otitis media in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in germany. | otitis media is a common pediatric disease and the main reason for antibiotic prescription in children. before implementation of routine childhood pneumococcal vaccination in germany, serotypes contained in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) were among the most frequent pneumococcal serotypes responsible for acute otitis media (aom). this report describes the first 3 years of a prospective, multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study examining the bacteriology of middle ... | 2015 | 25169065 |
| a prospective, observational, epidemiological evaluation of the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of acute otitis media in saudi children younger than 5years of age. | information regarding acute otitis media (aom) aetiology is important for developing effective vaccines. here, bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of aom were determined in young saudi children. | 2014 | 25107659 |
| etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 hajj-part of the mers-cov surveillance program. | pneumonia is the leading cause of hospital admission during the annual islamic pilgrimage (hajj). the etiology of severe pneumonia is complex and includes the newly emerged middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). since 2012, the saudi ministry of health (moh) has required screening for mers-cov for all cases of severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization. we aimed to screen hajj pilgrims admitted to healthcare facilities in 2013 with severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap) for ... | 2014 | 24970703 |
| genetic characteristics of haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome. | acute conjunctivitis is the most common ocular disorders among children and frequently concomitant with acute otitis media (aom) as conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. in this study, we evaluated prevalence of causative pathogens and pcr-based genotypes of haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae among children with conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome. nontypeable h. influenzae (nthi) is identified most often at 61.8% in conjunctiva exudates followed by s. pneumoniae at 28.2% and moraxel ... | 2014 | 24953451 |
| bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in acquired and connatal lacrimal duct stenosis. | (1) to determine the current bacteriological spectrum in connatal and acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (cldo and aldo, respectively) and (2) to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the recovered isolates. | 2014 | 24912091 |
| risk factors for carriage of aom pathogens during the first 3 years of life in children with early onset of acute otitis media. | risk factors associated with increased carriage rates are the same in children with recurrent acute otitis media (raom) as in healthy children. these are also known to be risk factors for the development of aom itself. | 2014 | 24834935 |
| trends in macrolide resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in the paediatric population in serbia from 2004 to 2009. | we report the first study of macrolide resistance in respiratory tract pathogens in a serbian paediatric population. it included 5293 streptococcus pneumoniae, 4297 streptococcus pyogenes, 2568 moraxella catarrhalis and 1998 haemophilus influenzae isolates derived from the respiratory tract and 110 invasive isolates from children aged up to 18 years during 2004-2009. over the 6-year period, a significant increase (p < 0·01) in macrolide resistance was found in both s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes ... | 2015 | 24814418 |
| efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in patients with bacterial pneumonia evaluated according to the new "clinical evaluation methods for new antimicrobial agents to treat respiratory infections (second version)". | the guideline for the "clinical evaluation methods for new antimicrobial agents to treat respiratory infections (second version)," published by the japanese society of chemotherapy in january 2012, was proposed to achieve consistency with fda guidelines based on the concept of clinical evaluation used in japan. we assessed the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin (lvfx) in patients with bacterial pneumonia according to this new set of guidelines for the first time. the clinical efficacy of lvfx in ... | 2014 | 24787737 |
| [antimicrobial spectrum of ceftaroline. in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci]. | because of the increase in bacterial resistance, there is a need for new antimicrobial agents. in particular, staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of severe infections and has an extraordinary capacity to develop antibiotic multiresistance, including resistance to glycopeptides, linezolid, and daptomycin. although the incidence of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) seems to have stabilized in the last few years, its wide dissemination in healthcare settings and in the community is a cau ... | 2014 | 24702973 |
| antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of hyaluronic acid against bacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections. | to address the problem of limited efficacy of existing antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial biofilm, it is necessary to find alternative remedies. one candidate could be hyaluronic acid; this study therefore aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity of hyaluronic acid toward bacterial species commonly isolated from respiratory infections. interference exerted on bacterial adhesion was evaluated by using hep-2 cells, while the antibiofilm activity was assessed by m ... | 2014 | 24698341 |
| impaired innate immune alveolar macrophage response and the predilection for copd exacerbations. | alveolar macrophages (am) in copd have fundamentally impaired responsiveness to toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4 ligands of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). however, the contribution of innate immune dysfunction to exacerbations of copd is unexplored. we hypothesised that impaired innate am responses in copd extend beyond nthi to other pathogens and are linked with copd exacerbations and severity. | 2014 | 24686454 |
| pharmacokinetic modelling of serum and bronchial concentrations for clarithromycin and telithromycin, and site-specific pharmacodynamic simulation for their dosages. | clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of clarithromycin and telithromycin in bronchopulmonary sites have not been fully characterized. this study aimed to describe in more detail the pharmacokinetics of the two macrolides in epithelial lining fluid (elf) of human bronchi and to evaluate their pharmacodynamic target attainment at this site. | 2014 | 24661290 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2006)]. | from october 2006 to september 2007, we collected the specimen from 356 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 14 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 414 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in infection, 407 strains were examined. the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 64, streptococcus pneumoniae 96, ... | 2013 | 24649798 |
| impact of immunization with protein f on pulmonary clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is one of the main aetiologies of childhood bacterial infections as well as exacerbations in copd patients. currently, no licensed nthi vaccine exists. in the present study, we evaluated the potential of the conserved and ubiquitous surface protein haemophilus protein f (pf) as a vaccine candidate. our results show that incubation of nthi with anti-pf antibodies significantly increased the opsonophygocytosis of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line-deri ... | 2014 | 24631068 |
| human rhinovirus infection during naturally occurring copd exacerbations. | human rhinovirus (hrv) infection is an important trigger of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but its role in determining exacerbation frequency phenotype or the time-course of hrv infection in naturally occurring exacerbations is unknown. sputum samples from 77 patients were analysed by real-time quantitative pcr for both hrv (388 samples), and streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis (89 samples). patients recorded worsening of resp ... | 2014 | 24627537 |
| children with asthma by school age display aberrant immune responses to pathogenic airway bacteria as infants. | asthma is a highly prevalent chronic lung disease that commonly originates in early childhood. colonization of neonatal airways with the pathogenic bacterial strains haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with increased risk of later childhood asthma. we hypothesized that children with asthma have an abnormal immune response to pathogenic bacteria in infancy. | 2014 | 24612682 |
| changes in nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis among healthy children attending a day-care centre before and after official financial support for the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and h. influenzae type b vaccine in japan. | the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccine reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type bacteria, which may in turn influence the presence of other nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens. to investigate this possibility, nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens was examined before and after official financial support was provided to offer the pcv7 and hib vaccines in healthy children attending a day care centre in japan during 2011-2012 ... | 2014 | 24582389 |
| a fluorescent multiplexed bead-based immunoassay (fmia) for quantitation of igg against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis protein antigens. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are pathogens commonly associated with infectious diseases in childhood. this study aimed to develop a fluorescent multiplexed bead-based immunoassay (fmia) using recombinant proteins for the quantitation of serum igg antibodies against these bacteria. eight pneumococcal proteins (ply, cbpa, pspa1, pspa2, pcpa, phtd, sp1732-3 and sp2216-1), 3 proteins of h. influenzae (nthi protein d, nthi0371-1, nthi0830), and 5 protein ... | 2014 | 24530690 |
| the impact of respiratory tract infections on the nutritional state of children with cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a life-shortening, autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by intestinal malabsorption, impaired growth and lung disease. recurrent pulmonary infections in children with cf are often associated with nutritional deficiencies. | 2014 | 24502062 |
| five-year prospective study of paediatric acute otitis media in rochester, ny: modelling analysis of the risk of pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx and infection. | during a 5-year prospective study of nasopharyngeal (np) colonization and acute otitis media (aom) infections in children during the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) era (july 2006-june 2011) we studied risk factors for np colonization and aom. np samples were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months during well-child visits. additionally, np and middle ear fluid (mef) samples were collected at onset of every aom episode. from 1825 visits (n = 464 children), 5301 np and ... | 2014 | 24480055 |
| contradiction between in vitro and clinical outcome: intravenous followed by oral azithromycin therapy demonstrated clinical efficacy in macrolide-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia. | we conducted a multicenter, unblinded, non-comparative, phase 3 trial of azithromycin-intravenous therapy followed by oral administration in japanese adults to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety against community-acquired pneumonia in order to obtain regulatory approval for the intravenous formulation in japan. azithromycin (500 mg, once daily) was intravenously administered for 2-5 days followed by oral 500 mg once daily administration to complete a total of 7-10 days treatment in 102 adults ... | 2014 | 24477328 |
| impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media bacteriology. | to determine the microbiology of otitis media (om) since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) in february 2010. | 2014 | 24461461 |
| acute otitis media. | one in 4 children will have at least 1 episode of acute otitis media (aom) by age 10 years. aom results from infection of fluid that has become trapped in the middle ear. the bacteria that most often cause aom are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. differentiating aom from otitis media with effusion (ome) is a critical skill for physicians, as accurate diagnosis will guide appropriate treatment of these conditions. although fluid is present in the middle ... | 2014 | 24439877 |
| bacterial colonization increases daily symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | respiratory pathogens are frequently isolated from the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in the absence of an exacerbation. this bacterial "colonization" by potential pathogens is associated with host inflammatory and immune responses, which could increase respiratory symptoms. | 2014 | 24423399 |
| otitis media: diagnosis and treatment. | acute otitis media is diagnosed in patients with acute onset, presence of middle ear effusion, physical evidence of middle ear inflammation, and symptoms such as pain, irritability, or fever. acute otitis media is usually a complication of eustachian tube dysfunction that occurs during a viral upper respiratory tract infection. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the most common organisms isolated from middle ear fluid. management of acute otitis media ... | 2013 | 24134083 |
| fragment-to-hit-to-lead discovery of a novel pyridylurea scaffold of atp competitive dual targeting type ii topoisomerase inhibiting antibacterial agents. | the discovery and optimization of a new class of bacterial topoisomerase (dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv) inhibitors binding in the atp domain are described. a fragment molecule, 1-ethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)urea, provided sufficiently potent enzyme inhibition (32 μm) to prompt further analogue work. acids and acid isosteres were incorporated at the 5-pyridyl position of this fragment, bridging to a key asparagine residue, improving enzyme inhibition, and leading to measurable antibacterial activity. a ... | 2013 | 24098982 |
| increased risk of pneumonia and bronchiolitis after bacterial colonization of the airways as neonates. | the frequency of pneumonia and bronchiolitis exhibits considerable variation in otherwise healthy children, and suspected risk factors explain only a minor proportion of the variation. we hypothesized that alterations in the airway microbiome in early life may be associated with susceptibility to pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children. | 2013 | 24090102 |
| genetic similarity between adenoid tissue and middle ear fluid isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from iranian children with otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a common disease among children, in the pathogenesis of which bacterial infections play a critical role. it was suggested that adenoid tissue could serve as a reservoir for bacterial infection, the eustachian tubes being the migration routes of bacteria into the middle ear cavity. the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity between isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, obtained from adenoid ... | 2013 | 24080321 |
| infectious etiology of acute exacerbations in severe copd patients. | since the new gold guidelines were implemented no data have been published about the etiology of acute exacerbations (aecopd) in severe copd patients with a different frequency of annual episodes. | 2013 | 24055804 |
| inhibition of otopathogenic biofilms by organoselenium-coated tympanostomy tubes. | tube occlusion and post-tympanostomy tube otorrhea (ptto) are 2 major sequelae of tympanostomy tube placement. plugging negates the function of the tympanostomy tubes and, along with chronic ptto, can be financially burdensome owing to repeated surgical procedures and additional treatments. | 2013 | 24030785 |
| effects of rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with wild or variant types of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 3 and 4. | development of respiratory tract infections is determined by interactions between viruses, bacteria, and the host innate immune response. we investigated the impact of natural rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with or without gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) and toll-like receptors (tlrs) 3 and 4. | 2013 | 26619478 |
| clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children. | in taiwan, clinical and microbiological data on acute otitis media (aom) with spontaneous otorrhea in children are limited. | 2013 | 23757372 |
| microbiology of bacteria causing recurrent acute otitis media (aom) and aom treatment failure in young children in spain: shifting pathogens in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccination era. | to prospectively identify the bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of problematic (recurrent and treatment failure) acute otitis media in spanish children several years after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | 2013 | 23746414 |
| [microbial structure of acute bacterial conjunctivitis]. | microbiological investigation of 124 patients with acute conjunctivitis which were treated in one of tbilisi policlinics in 2010-12 years, was performed; microbial structure containing 124 microbial strains of different species was detected. namely, following species of microorganisms were isolated: s. aureus - 35 strains (28,2%), str. pneumoniae - 10 strains (8,1%), s. epidermidis - 6 strains (4,8%), ps. aeruginosa - 24 strains (19,4%), moraxella catarrhalis - 21 strains (16,9%), haemophilus in ... | 2013 | 23567301 |
| genetic and functional evidence for a role for slc11a1 in susceptibility to otitis media in early childhood in a western australian population. | otitis media (om) is a common disease in early childhood characterised by inflammation of the middle ear. susceptibility to recurrent acute om (raom; ≥3 episodes aom in 6 months) and chronic om with effusion (come; middle ear effusion ≥3 months) is 40-70% heritable. three bacterial pathogens commonly associated with om, streptococcus pneumoniae (sp), non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mc), have been observed within adenoids and as facultative intracellular path ... | 2013 | 23538334 |
| pneumococcal acute otitis media in infants and children in central romania, 2009-2011: microbiological characteristics and potential coverage by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. | to assess the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of pneumococcal acute otitis media (aom) in children in brasov, central romania, before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) into the routine national immunization program. | 2013 | 23522635 |
| detection of multiple viral and bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot prospective study. | few studies have evaluated the contribution of multiple virus and bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. this study estimated the burden of multiple viral and bacterial respiratory infections in moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that were prospectively followed-up during a 12-month pilot study. clinical data were collected monthly and sputum was collected at the time of each acute exacerbation event. classical cul ... | 2013 | 23447038 |
| ocular penetration of topical antibiotics: study on the penetration of chloramphenicol, tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration. | to compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics. | 2016 | 23433257 |
| pathogenic bacteria colonizing the airways in asymptomatic neonates stimulates topical inflammatory mediator release. | bacterial colonization of neonatal airways with the pathogenic bacterial species, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, is associated with later development of childhood asthma. | 2013 | 23370914 |
| microbial profiling does not differentiate between childhood recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion. | otitis media (om) is one of the most frequent diseases of childhood, with a minority of children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media (raom) or chronic otitis media with effusion (come), both of which are associated with significant morbidity. we investigated whether the microbiological profiling could be used to differentiate between these two conditions. | 2013 | 23369612 |
| dynamics of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation in hiv-exposed young infants in tanzania. | to estimate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation (npbc) patterns in young tanzanian hiv-exposed infants and to analyse the influence of maternal npbc and of the infant's hiv status on the npbc pattern. | 2013 | 23320622 |
| novel topoisomerase inhibitors: microbiological characterisation and in vivo efficacy of pyrimidines. | pyrimidine compounds were identified as inhibitors of dna topoisomerase iv through high-throughput screening. this study was designed to exemplify the in vitro activity of the pyrimidines against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, to reveal the mode of action of these compounds and to demonstrate their in vivo efficacy. frequencies of resistance to pyrimidines among staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae were <10(-10) at four times their minimum inhibitory concentrations ... | 2013 | 23305654 |
| respiratory viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia and pleural effusion. | pleural effusion (pe), a complication of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), is usually attributed to a bacterial infection. nonetheless, viral infections have not been investigated routinely. we searched for bacterial and viral infections among 277 children hospitalized with cap. among these children 206 (74%) had radiographic confirmation, of whom 25 (12%) had pe. the aetiology was established in 18 (72%) pe cases: bacterial (n = 5; 28%), viral (n = 9; 50%), and viral-bacterial (n = 4; 22%) in ... | 2013 | 23286738 |
| a single-step polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nontypeable and serotypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. | the critically high prevalence of bacterial otitis media worldwide has prompted a proper disease management. while vaccine development for otitis media is promising, the reliable and effective methods for diagnosis of such etiologic agents are of importance. | 2013 | 23245490 |
| [consensus guidelines for the management of upper respiratory tract infections]. | upper respiratory tract infections are the most common source of antibiotic prescriptions. acute pharyngitis is caused mainly by viruses, viral cases can be distinguished from acute streptococcal pharyngitis using centor clinical epidemiological criteria, by rapid antigen tests or throat culture. treatment of choice for streptococcal infection is penicillin v given in two daily doses. in children, acute otitis media (aom) is the infection for which antibiotics are most often prescribed. predomin ... | 2012 | 23241293 |