| ecological factors influencing the relationships between klebsiella and shigella in mixed culture. | hentges, david j. (loyola university, chicago, ill.), and macdonald fulton. ecological factors influencing the relationships between klebsiella and shigella in mixed cultures. j. bacteriol. 87:527-535. 1964.-viable-cell counts of shigella flexneri and klebsiella (aerobacter aerogenes) in pure and mixed culture were made during growth under predetermined conditions of temperature, ph, oxygen supply, and nutrient supply. in pure culture, environmental changes had marked effects on the shigella pop ... | 1964 | 14127567 |
| mannitol-negative shigella flexneri strains in australia. | | 1964 | 14147076 |
| [lysotyping of shigella flexneri]. | | 1963 | 14166978 |
| infection of germeree mice with shigella flexneri 3a. | | 1964 | 14169586 |
| survival of shigella in sewage. ii. effect of glycerol on shigella flexneri and shigella bacteriophage. | glycerol (30%) inhibited or delayed the adsorption of shigella bacteriophage on its host organism, s. flexneri ii; glycerol also inhibited or delayed the burst of phage, whether or not adsorption was carried out in the presence of glycerol. studies of the mechanisms of these effects showed that viscosity and osmotic shock probably were not responsible for either phenomenon. the inhibition of adsorption, however, was proportional to the concentration of glycerol, and appeared to be a function of ... | 1964 | 14170953 |
| [phenotypic expression of streptomycin resistance of the multiple drug resistance factor r (umeda) originating from shigella flexneri 3a umeda strain and the inhibitory effect of streptomycin on its transfer to e. coli]. | | 1964 | 14172300 |
| [effect of a bacterial suspension of shigella flexneri type 2a on the formation of anti-endotoxin-like antibodies. contribution to the study of the antigenic relations of an endotoxin complex with specific precipitation in agar]. | | 1964 | 14188495 |
| [synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in levomycetin-sensitive and resistant strains of shigella flexneri in relation to the presence of levomycetin in the nutritive medium. a study of synthesis during the lag phase]. | | 1964 | 14191807 |
| characterization of an hfr strain of shigella flexneri. | schneider, herman (walter reed army institute of research, washington, d.c.), and stanley falkow. characterization of an hfr strain of shigella flexneri. j. bacteriol. 88:682-689. 1964.-a hfr shigella flexneri, strain 69, was obtained by terminal marker selection in a cross between hfr escherichia coli and s. flexneri. the chromosome of this hfr shigella bears gross homology to the e. coli chromosome: it can conjugate with both shigella and e. coli; its order of gene transmission is the same as ... | 1964 | 14208507 |
| studies on "selection" among serological types of shigella flexneri. | | 1964 | 14211336 |
| a new type of isoantagonism between serologic types of shigella flexneri bacilli. | | 1964 | 14253191 |
| serum- and coproantibodies in mice, immunized perorally with shigella flexneri. | | 1964 | 14259854 |
| observations on the colicinogenicity of shigella flexneri. | | 1964 | 14264196 |
| restoration of virulence to a strain of shigella flexneri by mating with escherichia coli. | formal, samuel b. (walter reed army institute of research, washington, d.c.), e. h. labrec, h. schneider, and stanley falkow. restoration of virulence to a strain of shigella flexneri by mating with escherichia coli. j. bacteriol. 89:835-838. 1965.-three spontaneous avirulent variants of shigella flexneri 5 were isolated and employed as genetic recipients in matings with escherichia coli k-12. the various hybrid classes isolated from these matings were subsequently examined for their ability to ... | 1965 | 14273669 |
| shigellosis in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca irus). ii. experimental infection with shigella flexneri 2a with special references to clinical and bacteriological findings. | | 1964 | 14279864 |
| abortive intestinal infection with an escherichia coli-shigella flexneri hybrid strain. | formal, samuel b., (walter reed army institute of research, washington, d.c.), e. h. labrec, t. h. kent, and s. falkow. abortive intestinal infection with an escherichia coli-shigella flexneri hybrid strain. j. bacteriol. 89:1374-1382. 1965.-the mechanism of the apparent loss of virulence of an escherichia coli-shigella flexneri hybrid strain was studied. the parent shigella strain caused a fatal enteric infection when fed to starved guinea pigs, and signs of dysentery followed its oral administ ... | 1965 | 14293011 |
| [on an epidemic episode due to shigella flexneri in an institute for infants]. | | 1964 | 14295386 |
| a new serotype of escherichia coli possessing identical o antigens as shigella flexneri 2b and variant x, and its serological variation. | | 1964 | 14301055 |
| the transfer of two episomes, colicinogenic factor i and resistance transfer factor, in shigella flexneri strains by crosses between strains each possessing a single episome. | | 1965 | 14324966 |
| electron microscope examination of shigella flexneri subjected to antagonistic action of its antigenic mutant. | | 1965 | 14333966 |
| effect of conditions of incubation on antagonism between shigella flexneri 1b and its antigenic mutant. | | 1965 | 14338864 |
| epidemiological investigation on the phage type of shigella flexneri 3-a using the phages isolated from shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei. | | 1964 | 14340707 |
| [on the problem of type specificity and duration of usability of fluorescein-labelled antibodies of shigella flexneri type 4a]. | | 1965 | 14344210 |
| salicin-fermenting variant of shigella flexneri serotype 2a. | | 1965 | 14345179 |
| studies on the transfer of lymph node cells. v. transfer of cells incubated in vitro with suspensions of shigella paradysenteriae. | | 1955 | 14367819 |
| antibodies to shigellae in normal human sera; demonstration of components of the group antigen of shigella flexneri as the antigens involved. | | 1955 | 14392335 |
| [antigenic relation between shigella flexneri type 5 and a new escherichia coli o group 129]. | | 1955 | 14397674 |
| [on certain current problems of epidemiology, therapy and prevention of bacillary dysentery. ii. isolation of a rare type of shigella flexneri in czechoslovakia]. | | 1960 | 14409630 |
| [distribution and time of retention of shigella flexneri in the organisms of passively-immunized white mice]. | | 1959 | 14411508 |
| serological identification of shigella flexneri by means of fluorescent antibody. | | 1959 | 14413244 |
| [studies on antigenic variability of shigella flexneri lb]. | | 1960 | 14425096 |
| serotypes of shigella flexneri found in children in mexico city. | | 1959 | 14428589 |
| cadc is the preferential target of a convergent evolution driving enteroinvasive escherichia coli toward a lysine decarboxylase-defective phenotype. | enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), like shigella, is the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery, a particularly severe syndrome in children in developing countries. all eiec strains share with shigella the inability to synthesize lysine decarboxylase (the ldc phenotype). the lack of this function is considered a pathoadaptive mutation whose emergence was necessary to obtain the full expression of invasiveness. cadaverine, the product of lysine decarboxylation, is a small polyamine which interferes ... | 2003 | 14500464 |
| icsa, a polarly localized autotransporter with an atypical signal peptide, uses the sec apparatus for secretion, although the sec apparatus is circumferentially distributed. | asymmetric localization of proteins is essential to many biological functions of bacteria. shigella icsa, an outer membrane protein, is localized to the old pole of the bacillus, where it mediates assembly of a polarized actin tail during infection of mammalian cells. actin tail assembly provides the propulsive force for intracellular movement and intercellular dissemination. localization of icsa to the pole is independent of the amino-terminal signal peptide (charles, m., perez, m., kobil, j.h. ... | 2003 | 14507362 |
| [integrons and antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes in shigella flexneri strains ]. | the resistance of shigella flexneri to antimicrobial agents can be associated to the presence of integrons that may contain and express antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes. | 2003 | 14513692 |
| [intercontinental spread of a trimethoprim-resistant strain of shigella flexneri]. | in this study we characterize a trimethoprim-resistant strain of shigella flexneri recovered from stool samples of an international traveler after a trip to kenya, and analyze its epidemiological relationship with a set of strains having similar characteristics from tanzania. | 2003 | 14525704 |
| the shia protein encoded by the shigella flexneri shi-2 pathogenicity island attenuates inflammation. | shigella spp. are the aetiologic agents of dysentery, a severe diarrhoeal syndrome characterized by acute inflammation in the colon. the inflammatory response, which includes recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), damages the colonic mucosa and exacerbates the infection. shigella encodes a pathogenicity island (pai), shi-2, which is localized in a region of the chromosome linked to the induction of inflammation. surprisingly, shi-2 deletion mutants induce a stronger inflammatory resp ... | 2003 | 14531895 |
| abl tyrosine kinases are required for infection by shigella flexneri. | infection by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of host cell proteins, but the kinases involved and their effects on the regulation of cell signaling pathways during bacterial entry remain largely undefined. here, we demonstrate a requirement for the abl family of tyrosine kinases during shigella internalization. family members abl and arg are catalytically activated upon shigella infection, accumulate at the site of bacterial entry, and ar ... | 2003 | 14532119 |
| antimicrobial activity of some 2- and 3-pyridinyl-1h-benzimidazoles and their feiii, cuii, znii, and agi complexes. | 2-(2-pyridinyl)- (li), 2-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)- (lii), 2-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-5-methyl-(liii), 2-(3-pyridinyl)- (liv), 2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-methyl-1h-benzimidazoles (lv) and their complexes with fe(no3)3, cu(no3)2, zn(no3)2, and agno3 were synthesized and antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis and antifungal ... | 2003 | 14533478 |
| species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella isolates in an urban community in malaysia. | there is an increasing trend for shigella isolates worldwide to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. the species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella species isolated from children in kuala lumpur, malaysia from 1978 to 1997 was reviewed. three hundred and eighty six isolates were positive for shigella species, representing 1.4% (95% ci: 1.3%-1.6%) of the 26320 total stool specimens and 13% (95% ci: 11.8%-14.2%) of 2986 isolates positive for bacterial pathogens. shigell ... | 2003 | 14569747 |
| comparison of two major forms of the shigella virulence plasmid pinv: positive selection is a major force driving the divergence. | all shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains carry a 230-kb virulence plasmid (pinv) which is essential for their invasiveness. there are two sequence forms, pinv a and pinv b, of the plasmid (r. lan, b. lumb, d. ryan, and p. r. reeves, infect. immun. 69:6303-6309, 2001), and the recently sequenced pinv plasmid from shigella flexneri serotype 5 is a pinv b form. in this study we sequenced the majority of the coding region of the pinv a form from s. flexneri serotype 6 other th ... | 2003 | 14573649 |
| mycobacterium marinum escapes from phagosomes and is propelled by actin-based motility. | mycobacteria are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases and are classical intracellular pathogens, living inside macrophages rather than as free-living organisms during infection. numerous intracellular pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, and rickettsia rickettsii, exploit the host cytoskeleton by using actin-based motility for cell to cell spread during infection. here we show that mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occa ... | 2003 | 14597736 |
| fitness cost of the green fluorescent protein in gastrointestinal bacteria. | there are surprisingly few studies that have successfully used the green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a quantitative reporter in selection experiments screening for inducible bacterial promoters. one explanation is that gfp expression may confer a fitness cost for bacteria. to test this possibility, we monitored the doubling time in enteric bacteria expressing gfp. four bacterial species, escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhi, and vibrio cholerae, were ... | 2003 | 14608419 |
| shigella flexneri sepsis in an infant. | shigellosis continues to be an important public health problem in developed countries, since communication in the world village has become more frequent. in addition, this disease is difficult to be prevented because only a small number of bacteria are required to cause infection, and it has exhibited steady trends towards multiple drug resistance. this report describes a 7-month-old female infant with shigella flexneri sepsis presenting initially with a high fever, watery diarrhea, and dehydrat ... | 2003 | 14609044 |
| [co-expression of cfa/i and cs6 of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli ( etec ) in shigella flexneri 2a t32 derivative strain fwl01]. | among the known colonization factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), cfa/i and cs6 (the common antigen in the cfa/iv fimbrial antigens ) are two of the most prevalent fimbriae found in clinical isolates but are never expressed by the same wild-type strains. in this study, cfa/i and cs6 of etec were co-expressed in shigella flexneri 2a t32 derivative strain fwl01 by using a host-plasmid lethal balancing system based on asd gene. the results indicate that the recombinant plasmid carryi ... | 2003 | 14614538 |
| cold shock induction of rnase r and its role in the maturation of the quality control mediator ssra/tmrna. | in this paper we show that rnase r is a cold shock protein that is induced seven- to eightfold by cold shock and that its expression is tightly regulated by temperature. transcriptional studies reveal that the rnr gene is co-transcribed with flanking genes as an operon induced under cold shock. the induction of rnase r levels is mainly a result of the stabilization of the rnr transcripts. the transient stability of the rnr transcripts is shown to be regulated by pnpase at the end of the acclimat ... | 2003 | 14622421 |
| analysis of virulence and inflammatory potential of shigella flexneri purine biosynthesis mutants. | several shigella flexneri mutants with defects in aromatic amino acid and/or purine biosynthesis have been evaluated as vaccines in humans or in animal models. to be suitable as a vaccine, a mutant has to show virulence attenuation, minimal reactogenicity, and a good immunogenic potential in animal models. with this aim, we have constructed five s. flexneri 5 (wild-type strain m90t) mutants with inactivation of one or two of the loci purek, purhd, and guaba, governing early or late steps of puri ... | 2003 | 14638790 |
| characterization of an extracellular virulence factor made by group a streptococcus with homology to the listeria monocytogenes internalin family of proteins. | leucine-rich repeats (lrr) characterize a diverse array of proteins and function to provide a versatile framework for protein-protein interactions. importantly, each of the bacterial lrr proteins that have been well described, including those of listeria monocytogenes, yersinia pestis, and shigella flexneri, have been implicated in virulence. here we describe an 87.4-kda group a streptococcus (gas) protein (designated slr, for streptococcal leucine-rich) containing 10 1/2 sequential units of a 2 ... | 2003 | 14638794 |
| epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea with emphasis on entamoeba histolytica infections in preschool children in an urban slum of dhaka, bangladesh. | the epidemiology, clinical features, nutritional status, and causative agents of diarrhea were studied in 289 bangladeshi children (147 boys and 142 girls) 2-5 years old. the use of improved diagnostic tests for amebiasis enabled for the first time analysis of the contribution of entamoeba histolytica to total diarrheal illness in this community setting. the average incidence rate of diarrhea was 1.8/child-year, and the average number of diarrheal days was 3.7 days/child-year over an average obs ... | 2003 | 14640500 |
| identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats in the genomes of shigella species. | a variety of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have been identified in the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a (strain sf301), an enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery in man. the distribution of ssrs, with unit length ranging from 1 to 9 nucleotides, was biased in different regions of the genome. the tri-, tetra- and hexanucleotide ssrs prevailed in the coding regions while the mono- and dinucleotide ssrs were more common in the noncoding regions. many intergenic ssrs are less than ... | 2003 | 14644500 |
| structural basis of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry in an antibody-combining site. | the structure of a complex between the fab fragment of the antibody (sya/j6) specific for the cell surface o-antigen polysaccharide of the pathogen shigella flexneri y and an octapeptide (met-asp-trp-asn-met-his-ala-ala), a functional mimic of the o-antigen, has been determined at 1.8-a resolution. comparison of the structure with that of the complex with the pentasaccharide antigen [-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcnac-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rha-(1-->] reveal ... | 2003 | 14645714 |
| identification of alka gene related to virulence of shigella flexneri 2a by mutational analysis. | in vivo induced genes are thought to play an important role during infection of host. alka was identified as an in vivo-induced gene by in vivo expression technology (ivet), but its virulence in shigella flexneri was not reported. the purpose of this study was to identify the role of alka gene in the pathogenesis of s. flexneri. | 2003 | 14669321 |
| multiple drug resistant strains of shigella isolated in jos, central nigeria. | the objective of this study is to highlight the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance among shigella species in jos, plateau state. stool samples of eight hundred and ten patients who presented at the jos university teaching hospital with diarrhoea/dysentery were analysed using standard bacteriological techniques. the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined. 25 shigella species were isolated representing 3.1% isolation rate. the male to female ratio is 1.3:1, children ag ... | 2003 | 14692056 |
| saturation-transfer difference nmr studies for the epitope mapping of a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide recognized by an anti-carbohydrate antibody. | saturation-transfer difference nmr spectroscopy (std-nmr) experiments have been performed to analyze the topography or epitope of the octapeptide mdwnmhaa recognized by the anti-carbohydrate antibody sya/j6 in solution; the antibody is directed against the shigella flexneri y o-antigen polysaccharide. the results permit a valuable comparison of solution versus crystal-structure data, and provide insight for the design of the next-generation binding ligands. | 2004 | 14697795 |
| survival and growth of acid-adapted and unadapted shigella flexneri in a traditional fermented ghanaian weaning food as affected by fortification with cowpea. | shigellae are among the major causes of diarrheal diseases in infants and young children in developing countries. we conducted a study to determine the effect of fermentation of corn and corn/cowpea doughs used to prepare a traditional weaning porridge on the survival and growth characteristics of acid-adapted and unadapted shigella flexneri. porridges were prepared from doughs fermented for 0, 24, and 48 h at 30 degrees c. four-strain mixtures of acid-adapted and unadapted s. flexneri cells wer ... | 2004 | 14698100 |
| evidence for polar positional information independent of cell division and nucleoid occlusion. | we present evidence that, in escherichia coli, polar positional information is present at midcell independent of known cell division factors. in filamented cells, icsa, which is normally polar, localizes at or near potential cell division sites. because the cell pole is derived from the septum, the sites to which icsa localizes in filaments correspond to future poles. icsa localization to these sites is independent of ftsz, mincde, septation, and nucleoid occlusion, indicating that positional in ... | 2004 | 14715903 |
| simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and shigella in apple cider and produce by a multiplex pcr. | with three pairs of primers, a multiplex pcr assay was established for the simultaneous detection of escherichia coli 0157:h7, salmonella, and shigella. under the optimized conditions, the assay yielded a 252-bp product from e. coli o157:h7, a 429-bp product from salmonella typhimurium, and a 620-bp product from shigella flexneri, respectively. when the dna extraction of multiple target organisms was included in the same reaction, two or three corresponding amplicons of different sizes were obse ... | 2004 | 14717347 |
| regulation of icsp, the outer membrane protease of the shigella actin tail assembly protein icsa, by virulence plasmid regulators virf and virb. | the shigella outer membrane protease icsp removes the actin assembly protein icsa from the bacterial surface, and consequently modulates shigella actin-based motility and cell-to-cell spread. here, we demonstrate that icsp expression is undetectable in mutants lacking either of two transcriptional activators, virf and virb. in wild-type shigella spp., virb expression is entirely dependent on virf; therefore, to circumvent this regulatory cascade, we independently expressed virf or virb in shigel ... | 2004 | 14729695 |
| analysis of the lambdoid prophage element e14 in the e. coli k-12 genome. | many sequenced bacterial genomes harbor phage-like elements or cryptic prophages. these elements have been implicated in pathogenesis, serotype conversion and phage immunity. the e14 element is a defective lambdoid prophage element present at 25 min in the e. coli k-12 genome. this prophage encodes important functional genes such as lit (t4 exclusion), mcra (modified cytosine restriction activity) and pin (recombinase). | 2004 | 14733619 |
| picu, a second serine protease autotransporter of uropathogenic escherichia coli. | escherichia coli is the major aetiological agent of urinary tract infections (uti). like diarrhoeagenic strains of e. coli, uropathogenic isolates possess virulence determinants that distinguish them from commensal strains and allow them to produce the clinical manifestations associated with uti. several autotransporter proteins have been associated with the ability of e. coli, and other gram-negative bacteria, to cause disease. recently, we described the existence within uropathogenic e. coli ( ... | 2004 | 14734168 |
| high levels of igg class antibodies to recombinant hsp60 kda of yersinia enterocolitica in sera of patients with uveitis. | to determine the levels of igg class antibodies to recombinant heat shock protein 60 kda of yersinia enterocolitica (rhsp60ye), klebsiella pneumoniae (rhsp60kp), escherichia coli (rhsp60ec), shigella flexneri (rhsp60sf), and streptococcus pyogenes (rhsp60sp) in the serum of patients with hla-b27 associated acute anterior uveitis (hla-b27 associated aau), idiopathic acute anterior uveitis (idiopathic aau), pars planitis, vogt-koyanagi-harada (vkh), and healthy subjects. | 2004 | 14736785 |
| two studies evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine (sc602) and excretion of vaccine organisms in north american volunteers. | we report the first community-based evaluation of shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602, a live, oral vaccine strain attenuated by deletion of the icsa (virg) plasmid virulence gene, given at 10(4) cfu. the primary objectives of this trial were to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and to determine the duration of colonization. four of 34 volunteers experienced transient fevers, and three reported diarrhea during the first 3 days of the study. half of the volunteers mounted a pos ... | 2004 | 14742537 |
| studies in bacillary dysentery. ii. antibody formation in macacus rhesus monkeys after the oral ingestion of living and formalin-killed cultures of shigella paradysenteriae. | | 1950 | 14774538 |
| field trial of "shigella flexneri iii" vaccine. | | 1950 | 14782322 |
| the isolation of three "shigella paradysenteriae" serotypes from one patient. | | 1950 | 14782323 |
| [comparative study of forms of the dysentery bacillus called type f in the german nomenclature and certain american and british shigella strains; with a note on dissociation in the flexner group]. | | 1950 | 14789074 |
| vulvovaginitis in a child due to shigella flexneri. | | 1950 | 14792046 |
| the group phase of shigella paradysenteriae type w: its isolation from man. | | 1950 | 14794900 |
| [electron microscope studies of salmonella typhi and shigella flexneri before and after the action of penicillin and aureomycin]. | | 1950 | 14797094 |
| [two unusual serotypes of shigella paradysenteriae]. | | 1950 | 14806563 |
| [fractional antigens i/iii in shigella paradysenteriae (flexner)]. | | 1950 | 14815313 |
| [shigella paradysenteriae flexneri type i-iii infection in the laboratory (effect of polyvalent bacteriophage on dissociation of shigella)]. | | 1950 | 14815319 |
| [slackening of adsorption on bacteria and blocking of the synthesis of bacteriophages by certain phosphate concentrations]. | | 1951 | 14829891 |
| field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine. vi. mouse protective studies. | | 1951 | 14832473 |
| [salmonella antigens in flexner ii bacillus]. | | 1949 | 14842780 |
| the x strain of sh. paradysenteriae (flexner)- a correction. | | 1950 | 14846646 |
| field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine. vii. studies on asymptomatic carriers of the organism. | | 1951 | 14873950 |
| [case of ocular infection from shigella flexneri]. | | 1951 | 14878270 |
| biochemical behaviours of shigella flexneri type 4. | | 1950 | 14880337 |
| [serology of the flexner group (shigella flexneri)]. | | 1951 | 14884666 |
| antigenic structure of shigella flexneri type 3. | | 1951 | 14888373 |
| on the distribution of shigella flexneri type 2a and 2b in japan. | | 1951 | 14888375 |
| antigenic structure of shigella flexneri type 4. | | 1951 | 14888376 |
| epidemiology of a human case of bacillary dysentery due to infection by shigella flexneri 103 z. | | 1952 | 14896060 |
| a late mannitol-fermenting strain and rapidly fermenting variant of shigella flexneri type z. | | 1951 | 14897920 |
| a study of shigella flexneri, sh. boydii and sh. sonnei by precipitation and agglutination reactions. | | 1951 | 14908037 |
| [case of bacillary dysentery due to shigella flexneri]. | | 1951 | 14916003 |
| [changes of the antigen structure during the dissociation in shigella flexneri type 3 (h)]. | | 1952 | 14959211 |
| blockwise approach to fragments of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri serotype 2a: convergent synthesis of a decasaccharide representative of a dimer of the branched repeating unit. | the d'a'b'(e')c'dab(e)c decasaccharide representative of a dimer of a frame-shifted pentasaccharide repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella flexneri 2a was synthesized as its methyl glycoside by condensing a pentasaccharide donor (d'a'b'(e')c') and a pentasaccharide acceptor (dab(e)c-ome). several convergent routes to these two building blocks, involving either the ab linkage or the bc linkage as the disconnection site, were evaluated in comparison to the linear strategy. the ... | 2004 | 14961653 |
| identification and functional characterization of the lactococcus lactis rfb operon, required for dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis. | dtdp-rhamnose is an important precursor of cell wall polysaccharides and rhamnose-containing exopolysaccharides (eps) in lactococcus lactis. we cloned the rfbacbd operon from l. lactis mg1363, which comprises four genes involved in dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis. when expressed in escherichia coli, the lactococcal rfbacbd genes could sustain heterologous production of the shigella flexneri o antigen, providing evidence of their functionality. overproduction of the rfbac proteins in l. lactis resulte ... | 2004 | 14973085 |
| shigella flexneri infection: pathogenesis and vaccine development. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacterium which causes the most communicable of bacterial dysenteries, shigellosis. shigellosis causes 1.1 million deaths and over 164 million cases each year, with the majority of cases occurring in the children of developing nations. the pathogenesis of s. flexneri is based on the bacteria's ability to invade and replicate within the colonic epithelium, which results in severe inflammation and epithelial destruction. the molecular mechanisms used by s. flex ... | 2004 | 14975529 |
| identification and molecular characterization of eata, an autotransporter protein of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains remain a formidable cause of diarrheal disease. to identify novel surface proteins of etec, we performed tnphoa mutagenesis of prototype etec strain h10407 and discovered a secreted protein not previously recognized in etec. dna sequencing of the interrupted locus in mutant tnphoa.977 revealed a candidate 4,095-bp open reading frame without significant homology to commensal e. coli k-12 genomic dna. translation of this sequence revealed that it enc ... | 2004 | 14977988 |
| variability of shigella flexneri serotypes in israel during a period of two years: 2000 and 2001. | during a period of 2 years (2000 and 2001) 996 shigella flexneri strains from sporadic cases in israel were sent to the national shigella reference centre (nsrc) by hospital and outpatient clinics. the most common serotypes were 2a, 6 and 1b, accounting for 88.4% of all isolates. they were investigated according to the monthly distribution of the strains, and the age and sex of the patients. the severity of the disease was assessed by a hospital/outpatient distribution (h/od) of the isolates, ba ... | 2004 | 14979589 |
| role of attp in integrase-mediated integration of the shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island of shigella flexneri. | the shigella resistance locus (srl) pathogenicity island (pai) in shigella spp. mediates resistance to streptomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. it can be excised from the chromosome via site-specific recombination mediated by the p4-related int gene. here, we show that srl pai attp is capable of reca-independent, site-specific, int-mediated integration into two bacterial trna attb sites. | 2004 | 14982801 |
| campylobacter jejuni infection of differentiated thp-1 macrophages results in interleukin 1 beta release and caspase-1-independent apoptosis. | apoptosis induction of host macrophages has emerged as a common virulence mechanism among bacterial pathogens. infection with campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and is characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the small intestine. the authors used the human monocytic cell line thp-1 to examine apoptosis induction and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during c. jejuni infection. flow cytometric analysis revealed that 48 h after inoculation, a c. jejun ... | 2004 | 14993305 |
| occurrence of inhibitory compounds in spent growth media that interfere with acid-tolerance mechanisms of enteric pathogens. | understanding the acid-tolerance ability of enteric human pathogens is critical in determining microbial food safety and the associated risk. we have discovered naturally occurring compounds in the spent growth media, which inhibit the acid-tolerance ability of several enteric human pathogens when challenged at ph 3.0 for 2 h at 37 degrees c. the compounds were detected in the spent growth media obtained from escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholera, but not from shigella fl ... | 2004 | 14996461 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. | neutrophils engulf and kill bacteria when their antimicrobial granules fuse with the phagosome. here, we describe that, upon activation, neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin that together form extracellular fibers that bind gram-positive and -negative bacteria. these neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria. nets are abundant in vivo in experimental dysentery and spontaneous human appendicitis, two examples of acute inflammation. nets appear ... | 2004 | 15001782 |
| shigella interactions with the actin cytoskeleton in the absence of ena/vasp family proteins. | shigella move through the cytosol of infected cells by assembly of a propulsive actin tail at one end of the bacterium. vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp), a member of the ena/vasp family of proteins, is important in cellular actin dynamics and is present on intracellular shigella. vasp binds both profilin, an actin monomer-binding protein, and vinculin, a component of intercellular contacts that also binds the shigella actin assembly protein icsa. it has been postulated that vasp migh ... | 2004 | 15009027 |
| neuromodulation of experimental shigella infection reduces damage to the gut mucosa. | bacillary dysentery arises when shigella invades the colonic and rectal mucosae of the human gut and elicits a strong inflammatory response, which may lead to life-threatening complications. hence, downregulation of the host inflammatory response is an appealing therapeutical alternative. the gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated, and nerve endings are often found in the vicinity of leukocytes. we have assessed the impact of experimental shigella infection on levels of neuropeptides in th ... | 2004 | 15026012 |
| topological analysis of glucosyltransferase gtrv of shigella flexneri by a dual reporter system and identification of a unique reentrant loop. | lipopolysaccharide, particularly the o-antigen component, is one of many virulence determinants necessary for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. o-antigen modification is mediated by glucosyltransferase genes (gtr) encoded by temperate serotype-converting bacteriophages. the gtrv gene encodes the gtrv glucosyltransferase, an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl residue via an alpha1,3 linkage to rhamnose ii of the o-antigen unit. this mediates conversion of s. flexner ... | 2004 | 15028730 |