| performance of an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in laboratory routine diagnosis from a high burden setting. | brazil is one of the high burden countries for tuberculosis, and a rapid diagnosis is essential for effective control of the disease. in the present study, an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting the mpt64 gene for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates was evaluated under routine diagnosis conditions in a reference laboratory. from may 2011 to july 2012, 1,520 isolates of mycobacteria were prospectively submitted for phenotypic and/or pra-hsp ... | 2016 | 27598243 |
| draft genome sequence of acinetobacter baumannii strain nctc 13423, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate. | acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen that is becoming increasingly important and causes serious hospital-acquired infections. we sequenced the genome of a. baumannii nctc 13423, a multidrug-resistant strain belonging to the international clone ii group, isolated from a human infection in the united kingdom in 2003. the 3,937,944 bp draft genome has a gc-content of 39.0 % and a total of 3672 predicted protein-coding sequences. the availability of genome sequences of multidrug-resistant a. bauman ... | 2016 | 27594976 |
| fast mechanically driven daughter cell separation is widespread in actinobacteria. | dividing cells of the coccoid gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus undergo extremely rapid (millisecond) daughter cell separation (dcs) driven by mechanical crack propagation, a strategy that is very distinct from the gradual, enzymatically driven cell wall remodeling process that has been well described in several rod-shaped model bacteria. to determine if other bacteria, especially those in the same phylum (firmicutes) or with similar coccoid shapes as s. aureus, might use a similar m ... | 2016 | 27578753 |
| curative effects of suhuang zhike capsule on postinfectious cough: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. | objective. in this paper, we intended to systematically evaluate the efficacy of suhuang zhike capsule (szc) on postinfectious cough (pic) in adults (age > 18). methods. medline (pubmed), chinese national knowledge infrastructure (cnki), cqvip database (vip), and wanfang database were researched for the randomized controlled trials (rcts) of szc for pic. the search was limited to human studies, using the search keywords or free-text terms "cough," "post-infectious cough," "postinfectious cough," ... | 2016 | 27648104 |
| a method for assessing efficiency of bacterial cell disruption and dna release. | dna-based testing is becoming the preferred method both for identifying microorganisms and for characterizing microbial communities. however, no single dna extraction method exists that is suitable for all types of microorganisms because bacteria are variable in their susceptibility to lysis by available extraction procedures. to develop and test new dna extraction procedures, it would be helpful to determine their efficiencies. while the amount of extracted dna can readily be measured by differ ... | 2016 | 27566276 |
| changes in the prevalence and biofilm formation of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae from the respiratory microbiota of patients with sarcoidosis. | healthy condition and chronic diseases may be associated with microbiota composition and its properties. the prevalence of respiratory haemophili with respect to their phenotypes including the ability to biofilm formation in patients with sarcoidosis was assayed. | 2016 | 27562460 |
| ceacam1: expression and role in melanocyte transformation. | metastases represent the main cause of death in melanoma patients. despite the current optimized targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors the treatment of metastatic melanoma is unsatisfactory. because of the poor prognosis of advanced melanoma there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers to differentiate melanoma cells from normal melanocytes, to stratify patients according to their risk, and to identify subgroups of patients that require close follow-up or more aggressive therapy ... | 2016 | 27642217 |
| bacterial findings in optimised sampling and characterisation of s. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. | the bacterial spectrum in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is clinically relevant. this study aimed to compare two sampling techniques and to characterise staphylococcus aureus isolated from crs patients. bacterial specimens were collected from the nares and maxillary sinus in 42 crs patients and from the nares in 57 healthy controls. maxillary sinus sampling was performed in two ways in each patient: with a cotton-tipped aluminium swab through the enlarged sinus ostium, and with a protected brush. ... | 2016 | 27538736 |
| bacterial findings in optimised sampling and characterisation of s. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. | the bacterial spectrum in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is clinically relevant. this study aimed to compare two sampling techniques and to characterise staphylococcus aureus isolated from crs patients. bacterial specimens were collected from the nares and maxillary sinus in 42 crs patients and from the nares in 57 healthy controls. maxillary sinus sampling was performed in two ways in each patient: with a cotton-tipped aluminium swab through the enlarged sinus ostium, and with a protected brush. ... | 2016 | 27538736 |
| toxic accumulation of lps pathway intermediates underlies the requirement of lpxh for growth of acinetobacter baumannii atcc 19606. | the lipid a moiety of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the main constituent of the outer leaflet of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (om) and is essential in many gram-negative pathogens. an exception is acinetobacter baumannii atcc 19606, where mutants lacking enzymes occurring early in lipid a biosynthesis (lpxa, lpxc or lpxd), and correspondingly lacking lps, can grow. in contrast, we show here that lpxh, an enzyme that occurs downstream of lpxd in the lipid a biosynthetic pathway, is es ... | 2016 | 27526195 |
| tsr chemoreceptor interacts with il-8 provoking e. coli transmigration across human lung epithelial cells. | bacterial colonization of epithelial surfaces and subsequent transmigration across the mucosal barrier are essential for the development of infection. we hypothesized that the methyl-accepting proteins (mcps), known as chemoreceptors expressed on escherichia coli (e. coli) bacterial surface, play an important role in mediating bacterial transmigration. we demonstrated a direct interaction between human interleukin-8 (il-8) and tsr receptor, a major mcp chemoreceptor. stimulation of human lung ep ... | 2016 | 27506372 |
| retrospective review of factors associated with severe hospitalised community-acquired influenza in a tertiary paediatric hospital in south australia. | influenza infection can result in severe disease with debilitating complications. young children have the highest rate of influenza hospitalisations with various factors influencing influenza susceptibility and severity. | 2016 | 27381474 |
| high frequency and diversity of antimicrobial activities produced by nasal staphylococcus strains against bacterial competitors. | the human nasal microbiota is highly variable and dynamic often enclosing major pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus. the potential roles of bacteriocins or other mechanisms allowing certain bacterial clones to prevail in this nutrient-poor habitat have hardly been studied. of 89 nasal staphylococcus isolates, unexpectedly, the vast majority (84%) was found to produce antimicrobial substances in particular under habitat-specific stress conditions, such as iron limitation or exposure to hydrog ... | 2016 | 27490492 |
| neisserial opa protein-ceacam interactions: competition for receptors as a means of bacterial invasion and pathogenesis. | carcino-embryonic antigen-like cellular adhesion molecules (ceacams), members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, are responsible for cell-cell interactions and cellular signaling events. extracellular interactions with ceacams have the potential to induce phagocytosis, as is the case with pathogenic neisseria bacteria. pathogenic neisseria species express opacity-associated (opa) proteins, which interact with a subset of ceacams on human cells, and initiate the engulfment of the bacterium. we de ... | 2016 | 27442026 |
| serum albumin and ca2+ are natural competence inducers in the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii. | the increasing frequency of bacteria showing antimicrobial resistance (amr) raises the menace of entering into a postantibiotic era. horizontal gene transfer (hgt) is one of the prime reasons for amr acquisition. acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen with outstanding abilities to survive in the hospital environment and to acquire resistance determinants. its capacity to incorporate exogenous dna is a major source of amr genes; however, few studies have addressed this subject. the tran ... | 2016 | 27270286 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of the novel oxabicyclooctane-linked bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor am-8722, a selective, potent inhibitor of bacterial dna gyrase. | oxabicyclooctane-linked novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (nbtis) represent a new class of recently described antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. nbtis dually inhibit the clinically validated bacterial targets dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv and have been shown to bind distinctly from known classes of antibacterial agents directed against these targets. herein we report the molecular, cellular, and in vivo characterization of am-8722 as a representative n-alkylated-1,5-naph ... | 2016 | 27246784 |
| discovery and analysis of natural-product compounds inhibiting protein synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. we have developed a poly(u) mrna-directed aminoacylation/translation (a/t) protein synthesis system composed of phenylalanyl-trna synthetases (phers), ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from pseudomonas aeruginosa this system has been used for high-throughput screening of a natural-compound library. assays were developed for each component of the system to ascertain the specific target of inhibitory ... | 2016 | 27246774 |
| comparison of the frequency of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized across distinct severity categories: a prospective cross-sectional study. | the comparison of the frequencies of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) admitted in distinct severity categories, in an original study, is lacking in literature to-date. we aimed to achieve this goal. | 2016 | 27449898 |
| complete genome sequence of moraxella osloensis strain kmc41, a producer of 4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid, a major malodor compound in laundry. | we report the complete genome sequence of moraxella osloensis strain kmc41, isolated from laundry with malodor. the kmc41 genome comprises a 2,445,556-bp chromosome and three plasmids. a fatty acid desaturase and at least four β-oxidation-related genes putatively associated with 4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid generation were detected in the kmc41 chromosome. | 2016 | 27445387 |
| antibiotic utilization patterns in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a canadian context. | this retrospective cohort study describes the patterns of antibiotic use for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in the calgary zone of alberta health services. timing, appropriateness, and duration of antibiotics were evaluated in two hundred consecutive cases of vap derived from 4 adult intensive care units (icu). antibiotic therapy was initiated in less than 24 hours from vap diagnosis in 83% of cases. although most patients (89%) received empiric therapy that demonstrated ... | 2016 | 27525016 |
| atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters of the human respiratory tract pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis: role in virulence. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory tract pathogen that causes otitis media (middle ear infections) in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in view of the huge global burden of disease caused by m. catarrhalis, the development of vaccines to prevent these infections and better approaches to treatment have become priorities. in previous work, we used a genome mining approach that identified three substrate binding proteins (sbps) ... | 2016 | 27391026 |
| the bioeffects resulting from prokaryotic cells and yeast being exposed to an 18 ghz electromagnetic field. | the mechanisms by which various biological effects are triggered by exposure to an electromagnetic field are not fully understood and have been the subject of debate. here, the effects of exposing typical representatives of the major microbial taxa to an 18 ghz microwave electromagnetic field (emf)were studied. it appeared that the emf exposure induced cell permeabilisation in all of the bacteria and yeast studied, while the cells remained viable (94% throughout the exposure), independent of the ... | 2016 | 27391488 |
| commensal-pathogen interactions along the human nasal passages. | | 2016 | 27389401 |
| in vitro effects of anthocyanidins on sinonasal epithelial nitric oxide production and bacterial physiology. | t2r bitter taste receptors play a crucial role in sinonasal innate immunity by upregulating mucociliary clearance and nitric oxide (no) production in response to bitter gram-negative quorum-sensing molecules in the airway surface liquid. previous studies showed that phytochemical flavonoid metabolites, known as anthocyanidins, taste bitter and have antibacterial effects. our objectives were to examine the effects of anthocyanidins on no production by human sinonasal epithelial cells and ciliary ... | 2016 | 27456596 |
| lung microbiome analysis in steroid-naїve asthma patients by using whole sputum. | although recent metagenomic approaches have characterized the distinguished microbial compositions in airways of asthmatics, these results did not reach a consensus due to the small sample size, non-standardization of specimens and medication status. we conducted a metagenomics approach by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of the induced whole sputum representing both the cellular and fluid phases in a relative large number of steroid naïve asthmatics. | 2016 | 27433177 |
| immunoglobulin g subclass deficiencies in adult patients with chronic airway diseases. | immunoglobulin g subclass deficiency (iggscd) is a relatively common primary immunodeficiency disease (pi) in adults. the biological significance of iggscd in patients with chronic airway diseases is controversial. we conducted a retrospective study to characterize the clinical features of iggscd in this population. this study examined the medical charts from 59 adult patients with iggscd who had bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) from january 2007 to december 2012. ... | 2016 | 27550483 |
| the frequency of influenza and bacterial coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | coinfecting bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in influenza. however, there remains a paucity of literature on the magnitude of coinfection in influenza patients. | 2016 | 27232677 |
| maximal mid-expiratory flow is a surrogate marker of lung clearance index for assessment of adults with bronchiectasis. | little is known about the comparative diagnostic value of lung clearance index (lci) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (mmef) in bronchiectasis. we compared the diagnostic performance, correlation and concordance with clinical variables, and changes of lci and mmef% predicted during bronchiectasis exacerbations (bes). patients with stable bronchiectasis underwent history inquiry, chest high-resolution computed tomography (hrct), multiple-breath nitrogen wash-out test, spirometry and sputum culture ... | 2016 | 27339787 |
| early-life intranasal colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae exacerbates juvenile airway disease in mice. | accumulating evidence suggests a connection between asthma development and colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). specifically, nasopharyngeal colonization of human infants with nthi within 4 weeks of birth is associated with an increased risk of asthma development later in childhood. monocytes derived from these infants have aberrant inflammatory responses to common upper respiratory bacterial antigens compared to those of cells derived from infants who were not colonized ... | 2016 | 27113355 |
| monoclonal antibodies against dna-binding tips of dnabii proteins disrupt biofilms in vitro and induce bacterial clearance in vivo. | the vast majority of chronic and recurrent bacterial diseases are attributed to the presence of a recalcitrant biofilm that contributes significantly to pathogenesis. as such, these diseases will require an innovative therapeutic approach. we targeted dnabii proteins, an integral component of extracellular dna (edna) which is universally found as part of the pathogenic biofilm matrix to develop a biofilm disrupting therapeutic. we show that a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies directed against sp ... | 2016 | 27342872 |
| draft genome sequence of moraxella catarrhalis type strain ccug 353t. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacterium found in the human respiratory tract. it is associated with otitis media and respiratory tract infections. here, we report the draft genome sequence of m. catarrhalis type strain ccug 353(t), composed of 18 contigs and a total size of 1.89 mb. | 2016 | 27313296 |
| a pediatric case of acute generalized pustular eruption without streptococcal infection. | generalized pustular lesions characterized by acute onset with fever occur in pustulosis acuta generalisata, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and generalized pustular psoriasis. in the present report, we describe a pediatric case of generalized pustular eruption that was not completely consistent with clinical features. our patient had no evidence of a post-streptococcal infection. we observed scattered symmetric eruption of discrete pustules with an inflammatory halo on normal skin. ... | 2016 | 27462226 |
| focus on jnj-q2, a novel fluoroquinolone, for the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | jnj-q2 is a novel, fifth-generation fluoroquinolone that has excellent in vitro and in vivo activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. in vitro studies indicate that jnj-q2 has potent activity against pathogens responsible for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp), such as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae. jnj-q2 also has been shown to have a higher barrier to resistance compar ... | 2016 | 27354817 |
| erythema nodosum - presentation of three cases. | erythema nodosum (en) is a well-known form of panniculitis. it may occur as an idiopathic form and also can be induced by certain clinical conditions such as infections and granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis. erythema nodosum may be accompanied by general symptoms such as fever, weakness, and severe pain, but skin lesions resolve without skin damage. erythema nodosum occurrence is for the clinician a signal for a wider diagnosis and determination of the cause of occurrence of symptoms. t ... | 2016 | 27407285 |
| are respiratory viruses involved in preseasonal symptoms or severity in japanese cedar pollinosis? | respiratory virus infections are involved in asthma exacerbations. however, there are no reports of the relationship between respiratory virus infections and japanese cedar pollinosis. | 2016 | 27658182 |
| il-2 expression and t lymphocyte phenotyping in young children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with streptococcus pyogenes. | t cells are components of adaptive immunity and are involved in the resolution of respiratory infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. activation and differentiation of t cells is given mostly by the cytokine il-2. this study aimed to determine the phenotype of t cells and il-2 expression in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with streptococcus pyogenes (s. pyogenes). for this purpose, il-2 expression at its gene and prote ... | 2016 | 27493590 |
| the arsenal of pathogens and antivirulence therapeutic strategies for disarming them. | pathogens deploy an arsenal of virulence factors (vfs) to establish themselves within their infectious niche. the discovery of antimicrobial compounds and their development into therapeutics has made a monumental impact on human and microbial populations. although humans have used antimicrobials for medicinal and agricultural purposes, microorganism populations have developed and shared resistance mechanisms to persevere in the face of classical antimicrobials. however, a positive substitute is ... | 2016 | 27313446 |
| associations between nasopharyngeal carriage of group b streptococcus and other respiratory pathogens during early infancy. | in west africa, the carriage of group b streptococcus (gbs), among infants is poorly characterised. we investigated co-carriage of gbs with other respiratory pathogens in the infants' nasopharynx in the gambia. | 2016 | 27230066 |
| development of upper respiratory tract microbiota in infancy is affected by mode of delivery. | birth by caesarian section is associated with short- and long-term respiratory morbidity. we hypothesized that mode of delivery affects the development of the respiratory microbiota, thereby altering its capacity to provide colonization resistance and consecutive pathobiont overgrowth and infections. therefore, we longitudinally studied the impact of mode of delivery on the nasopharyngeal microbiota development from birth until six months of age in a healthy, unselected birth cohort of 102 child ... | 2016 | 27333043 |
| the oligopeptide permease opp mediates illicit transport of the bacterial p-site decoding inhibitor ge81112. | ge81112 is a tetrapeptide antibiotic that binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and specifically inhibits p-site decoding of the mrna initiation codon by the fmet-trna anticodon. ge81112 displays excellent microbiological activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in both minimal and complete, chemically defined, broth, but is essentially inactive in complete complex media. this is due to the presence of peptides that compete with the antibiotic for the oligopeptide permease sys ... | 2016 | 27231947 |
| phase 3 trials of thermosensitive ciprofloxacin gel for middle ear effusion in children with tubes. | to investigate the efficacy, safety, and microbiology of a thermosensitive otic suspension of ciprofloxacin (oto-201) in children with bilateral middle ear effusion undergoing tympanostomy tube placement. | 2016 | 27188702 |
| membrane anchoring stabilizes and favors secretion of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase. | carbapenems, 'last-resort' β-lactam antibiotics, are inactivated by zinc-dependent metallo-β-lactamases (mbls). the host innate immune response withholds nutrient metal ions from microbial pathogens by releasing metal-chelating proteins such as calprotectin. we show that metal sequestration is detrimental for the accumulation of mbls in the bacterial periplasm, because those enzymes are readily degraded in their nonmetallated form. however, the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1) can persist u ... | 2016 | 27182662 |
| the chinchilla research resource database: resource for an otolaryngology disease model. | the long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is an established animal model for diseases of the inner and middle ear, among others. in particular, chinchilla is commonly used to study diseases involving viral and bacterial pathogens and polymicrobial infections of the upper respiratory tract and the ear, such as otitis media. the value of the chinchilla as a model for human diseases prompted the sequencing of its genome in 2012 and the more recent development of the chinchilla research resou ... | 2016 | 27173523 |
| uropathogenic e. coli exploit cea to promote colonization of the urogenital tract mucosa. | attachment to the host mucosa is a key step in bacterial pathogenesis. on the apical surface of epithelial cells, members of the human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) family are abundant glycoproteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and modulation of cell signaling. interestingly, several gram-negative bacterial pathogens target these receptors by specialized adhesins. the prototype of a ceacam-binding pathogen, neisseria gonorrhoeae, utilizes colony opacity associated (opa) proteins to engage cea ... | 2016 | 27171273 |
| antitubercular drugs for an old target: gsk693 as a promising inha direct inhibitor. | despite being one of the first antitubercular agents identified, isoniazid (inh) is still the most prescribed drug for prophylaxis and tuberculosis (tb) treatment and, together with rifampicin, the pillars of current chemotherapy. a high percentage of isoniazid resistance is linked to mutations in the pro-drug activating enzyme katg, so the discovery of direct inhibitors (di) of the enoyl-acp reductase (inha) has been pursued by many groups leading to the identification of different enzyme inhib ... | 2016 | 27428438 |
| high azithromycin concentration in lungs by way of bovine serum albumin microspheres as targeted drug delivery: lung targeting efficiency in albino mice. | following administration, the antibiotic travels freely through the body and also accumulates in other parts apart from the infection site. high dosage and repeated ingestion of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia leads to undesirable effects and inappropriate disposition of the drug. by way of targeted lung delivery, this study was intended to eliminate inappropriate azithromycin disposition and to achieve higher azithromycin concentration to treat deeper airway infections. | 2016 | 27150818 |
| moraxella catarrhalis induces ceacam3-syk-card9-dependent activation of human granulocytes. | the human restricted pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is an important causal agent for exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease in adults. in such patients, increased numbers of granulocytes are present in the airways, which correlate with bacteria-induced exacerbations and severity of the disease. our study investigated whether the interaction of m. catarrhalis with the human granulocyte-specific carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (ceacam)-3 is linked to nf-κb activa ... | 2016 | 27038042 |
| microbiological characterization of haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, south india. | haemophilus influenzae is responsible for wide range of localized and invasive lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) with the highest burden of disease in low and middle income countries. | 2016 | 27437218 |
| direct molecular detection of a broad range of bacterial and viral organisms and streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine serotypes in children with otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) causes significant morbidity in children, but the causes of ome and methods for prevention are unclear. to look for potential infectious etiologies, we performed a pilot study using multiple-target real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for 27 infectious agents, including nine bacterial organisms and 18 respiratory viruses in middle ear fluids (mefs) from children with ome. qpcr was also performed for the 13 streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes contained in the ... | 2016 | 27130295 |
| effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugated vaccine (phid-cv) against carriage and acute otitis media-a double-blind randomized clinical trial in finland. | after administering the 10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugated vaccine (phid-cv) to children aged 2-18 months, we observed a reduction in vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage, resulting in a reduction of overall pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage, which may be important for indirect vaccine effects. we noted a trend toward reduction of acute otitis media. | 2016 | 27125273 |
| in vitro activity of delafloxacin against clinical neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and selection of gonococcal delafloxacin resistance. | we evaluated the in vitro activity of delafloxacin against a panel of 117 neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including 110 clinical isolates collected from 2012 to 2015 and seven reference strains, compared with the activities of seven antimicrobials currently or previously recommended for treatment of gonorrhea. we examined the potential for delafloxacin to select for resistant mutants in ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant n. gonorrhoeae we characterized mutations in the gyra, gy ... | 2016 | 26976873 |
| microbiology of peritonsillar abscess in the south estonian population. | the first aim of this study was to compare the microbiota of different locations (pus, tonsillar fossa, blood) in peritonsillar abscess (pta) patients in order to optimize the sampling scheme. the second aim was to estimate the occurrence of tonsillitis episodes and macroscopic oropharyngeal signs characteristic of recurrent tonsillitis in pta patients. | 2016 | 27113570 |
| ultra-deep and quantitative saliva proteome reveals dynamics of the oral microbiome. | the oral cavity is home to one of the most diverse microbial communities of the human body and a major entry portal for pathogens. its homeostasis is maintained by saliva, which fulfills key functions including lubrication of food, pre-digestion, and bacterial defense. consequently, disruptions in saliva secretion and changes in the oral microbiome contribute to conditions such as tooth decay and respiratory tract infections. here we set out to quantitatively map the saliva proteome in great dep ... | 2016 | 27102203 |
| moonlighting of helicobacter pylori catalase protects against complement-mediated killing by utilising the host molecule vitronectin. | helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a common cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. despite h. pylori provoking strong innate and adaptive immune responses, the bacterium is able to successfully establish long-term infections. vitronectin (vn), a component of both the extracellular matrix and plasma, is involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of the complement system. the aim of this study was to define a receptor in h. pylori that binds vn and deter ... | 2016 | 27087644 |
| clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | determining whether methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a true causative pathogen or reflective of colonization when mrsa is cultured from the respiratory tract remains important in treating patients with pneumonia. | 2016 | 27083412 |
| airway microbiota in severe asthma and relationship to asthma severity and phenotypes. | the lower airways harbor a community of bacterial species which is altered in asthma. | 2016 | 27078029 |
| defining the binding region in factor h to develop a therapeutic factor h-fc fusion protein against non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) cause a range of illnesses including otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections that contribute to the problem of antibiotic resistance and are themselves often intractable to standard antibiotic treatment regimens. we investigated a strategy to exploit binding of the complement inhibitor factor h (fh) to nthi as a functional target for an immunotherapeutic containing the nthi binding domain of fh fuse ... | 2016 | 27148489 |
| provider decisions to treat respiratory illnesses with antibiotics: insights from a randomized controlled trial. | lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) frequently causes adult hospitalization and antibiotic overuse. procalcitonin (pct) treatment algorithms have been used successfully in europe to safely reduce antibiotic use for lrti but have not been adopted in the united states. we recently performed a feasibility study for a randomized clinical trial (rct) of pct and viral testing to guide therapy for non-pneumonic lrti. | 2016 | 27043012 |
| decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children. | | 2016 | 27398054 |
| identification of bacterial and viral codetections with mycoplasma pneumoniae using the taqman array card in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. | mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in a number of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in a recent prospective study. to assess whether other pathogens were also detected in these patients, taqman array cards were used to test 216 m pneumoniae-positive respiratory specimens for 25 additional viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. it is interesting to note that 1 or more codetections, predominantly bacterial, were identified in approximately 60% of specimens, with codetections being mor ... | 2016 | 27191004 |
| a study of the infant nasal microbiome development over the first year of life and in relation to their primary adult caregivers using cpn60 universal target (ut) as a phylogenetic marker. | whereas the infant gut microbiome is the subject of intense study, relatively little is known regarding the nares microbiome in newborns and during early life. this study aimed to survey the typical composition and diversity of human anterior nare microflora for developing infants over time, and to explore how these correlate to their primary caregivers. single nare swabs were collected at five time points over a one-year period for each subject from infant-caregiver pairs. our study comprised o ... | 2016 | 27019455 |
| depletion of human dna in spiked clinical specimens for improvement of sensitivity of pathogen detection by next-generation sequencing. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology has shown promise for the detection of human pathogens from clinical samples. however, one of the major obstacles to the use of ngs in diagnostic microbiology is the low ratio of pathogen dna to human dna in most clinical specimens. in this study, we aimed to develop a specimen-processing protocol to remove human dna and enrich specimens for bacterial and viral dna for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and nasopharyngeal aspirat ... | 2016 | 26763966 |
| pneumococcal colonization rates in patients admitted to a united kingdom hospital with lower respiratory tract infection: a prospective case-control study. | current diagnostic tests are ineffective for identifying the etiological pathogen in hospitalized adults with lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). the association of pneumococcal colonization with disease has been suggested as a means to increase the diagnostic precision. we compared the pneumococcal colonization rates and the densities of nasal pneumococcal colonization by (i) classical culture and (ii) quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) targetinglytain patients with lrtis admitted to a h ... | 2016 | 26791364 |
| elderberry supplementation reduces cold duration and symptoms in air-travellers: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. | intercontinental air travel can be stressful, especially for respiratory health. elderberries have been used traditionally, and in some observational and clinical studies, as supportive agents against the common cold and influenza. this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of 312 economy class passengers travelling from australia to an overseas destination aimed to investigate if a standardised membrane filtered elderberry (sambucus nigra l.) extract has beneficial effects ... | 2016 | 27023596 |
| cefepime shows good efficacy and no antibiotic resistance in pneumonia caused by serratia marcescens and proteus mirabilis - an observational study. | many antibiotics have no effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, which necessitates the prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that can lead to increased risk of antibiotic resistance. these pathogens constitute a further threat because they are also resistant to numerous beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as other antibiotic groups. this study retrospectively investigates antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized patients suffering from pneumonia triggered by gram-negative ... | 2016 | 27004519 |
| infection with and carriage of mycoplasma pneumoniae in children. | "atypical" pneumonia was described as a distinct and mild form of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) already before mycoplasma pneumoniae had been discovered and recognized as its cause. m. pneumoniae is detected in cap patients most frequently among school-aged children from 5 to 15 years of age, with a decline after adolescence and tapering off in adulthood. detection rates by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or serology in children with cap admitted to the hospital amount 4-39%. although the i ... | 2016 | 27047456 |
| nonencapsulated streptococcus pneumoniae: emergence and pathogenesis. | while significant protection from pneumococcal disease has been achieved by the use of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, capsule-independent protection has been limited by serotype replacement along with disease caused by nonencapsulatedstreptococcus pneumoniae(nesp). nesp strains compose approximately 3% to 19% of asymptomatic carriage isolates and harbor multiple antibiotic resistance genes. surface proteins unique to nesp enhance colonization and virulence despite ... | 2016 | 27006456 |
| the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis targets collagen for maximal adherence to host tissues. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and is associated with exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the first step in m. catarrhalis colonization is adherence to the mucosa, epithelial cells, and extracellular matrix (ecm). the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of m. catarrhalis interactions with collagens from various angles. clinical isolates (n= 43) were tested for collage ... | 2016 | 27006460 |
| retrospective analysis of the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia in turkish patients with lung cancer. | the spectrum of pulmonary infections in patients with lung cancer is wide, and tools for target-oriented infection control measures are necessary. in this retrospective study we report the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia (based on the results of sputum culture) in a case series of turkish patients with lung malignancies. | 2016 | 27095942 |
| bronchiectasis as a comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | bronchiectasis revealed by chest computed tomography in copd patients and its comorbid effect on prognosis have not been addressed by large-sized studies. understanding the presence of bronchiectasis in copd is important for future intervention and preventing disease progression. | 2016 | 26978269 |
| treatment of patients with copd and recurrent exacerbations: the role of infection and inflammation. | exacerbations of copd represent an important medical and health care problem. certain susceptible patients suffer recurrent exacerbations and as a consequence have a poorer prognosis. the effects of bronchial infection, either acute or chronic, and of the inflammation characteristic of the disease itself raise the question of the possible role of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents in modulating the course of the disease. however, clinical guidelines base their recommendations on clinical t ... | 2016 | 27042040 |
| antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and its major constituents. | oregano is a perennial shrub that grows in the mountains of the mediterranean and euro/irano-siberian regions. this study was conducted to identify the major constituents of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and examine the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the extract but more importantly the contribution of its specific major constituent(s) or their combination to the overall extract biological activity. gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the e ... | 2016 | 27051475 |
| predominant bacteria detected from the middle ear fluid of children experiencing otitis media: a systematic review. | otitis media (om) is amongst the most common childhood diseases and is associated with multiple microbial pathogens within the middle ear. global and temporal monitoring of predominant bacterial pathogens is important to inform new treatment strategies, vaccine development and to monitor the impact of vaccine implementation to improve progress toward global om prevention. | 2016 | 26953891 |
| discovery of a biological mechanism of active transport through the tympanic membrane to the middle ear. | otitis media (om) is a common pediatric disease for which systemic antibiotics are often prescribed. while local treatment would avoid the systemic treatment side-effects, the tympanic membrane (tm) represents an impenetrable barrier unless surgically breached. we hypothesized that the tm might harbor innate biological mechanisms that could mediate trans-tm transport. we used two m13-bacteriophage display biopanning strategies to search for mediators of trans-tm transport. first, aliquots of lin ... | 2016 | 26946957 |
| sputum induction in children is feasible and useful in a bustling general hospital practice. | we prospectively studied the feasibility and effectiveness of sputum induction in obtaining good quality sputum and its subsequent bacterial yield in children with clinically suspected acute lower-respiratory-tract infection (alrti). good quality sputum was collected in 89/98 (91%) patients. sputum cultures revealed ≥1 bacterial pathogens in 22 cases (25%). adverse events were infrequent and mild (6%). sputum induction is feasible in young children and leads to an increased number of etiological ... | 2016 | 27336008 |
| copd disease severity and innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. | the airways of copd patients are often colonized with bacteria leading to increased airway inflammation. this study sought to determine whether systemic cytokine responses to microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are increased among subjects with severe copd. in an observational cross-sectional study of copd subjects, pamp-induced cytokine responses were measured in whole blood ex vivo. we used pamps derived from microbial products recognized by toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 5, ... | 2016 | 27019597 |
| readmission for acute exacerbation within 30 days of discharge is associated with a subsequent progressive increase in mortality risk in copd patients: a long-term observational study. | twenty per cent of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients are readmitted for acute exacerbation (aecopd) within 30 days of discharge. the prognostic significance of early readmission is not fully understood. the objective of our study was to estimate the mortality risk associated with readmission for acute exacerbation within 30 days of discharge in copd patients. | 2016 | 26943928 |
| flexible bronchoscopy contribution in the approach of diagnosis and treatment of children's respiratory diseases: the experience of a unique pediatric unit in tunisia. | our study aimed at assessing the role of flexible bronchoscopy (fb) in improving diagnosis and management of children's respiratory conditions in the pediatric unit of fb, newly created and unique in tunisia. | 2016 | 27358613 |
| bacterial-viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated copd: significance and therapeutic prospects. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung. bacteria and viruses are a major cause of copd exacerbations and may contribute to copd progression by perpetuating the inflammatory response in the airways. bacterial variety diminishes with increasing copd severity. respiratory viruses can colonize the lower respiratory tract in stable copd, altering the respiratory microbiome and facilitating second ... | 2016 | 27042037 |
| in vitro activity of gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor, against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens. | gepotidacin inhibits bacterial dna replication through a mode different from that of fluoroquinolones. gepotidacin and comparators were tested by broth and agar dilution against clinical isolates. the in vitro activities of gepotidacin were comparable against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa, respectively) isolates (mic90, 0.5 μg/ml). the gepotidacin mic90s were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter) for the indicated bacteria: streptococcus pyogenes ... | 2016 | 26729499 |
| comparative genomic analyses of the moraxella catarrhalis serosensitive and seroresistant lineages demonstrate their independent evolution. | the bacterial speciesmoraxella catarrhalishas been hypothesized as being composed of two distinct lineages (referred to as the seroresistant [sr] and serosensitive [ss]) with separate evolutionary histories based on several molecular typing methods, whereas 16s ribotyping has suggested an additional split within the ss lineage. previously, we characterized whole-genome sequences of 12 sr-lineage isolates, which revealed a relatively small supragenome when compared with other opportunistic nasoph ... | 2016 | 26912404 |
| sinus balloon dilation as treatment for acute sphenoid sinusitis with impaired vision for a child. | this paper is about sinus balloon dilatation in treatment of acute left sphenoid sinusitis with left impaired vision in a child. balloon catheter dilatation (bcd) of the sinus ostia is a new technique. it has been shown to be a minimally invasive technique to manage chronic sinusitis. however, this method is rarely used in the treatment of acute sinusitis. so far, we know of no reported cases of sinus balloon dilatation in treatment of this case, especially for children. | 2016 | 27006660 |
| respiratory microbiome of new-born infants. | the respiratory tract, once believed to be sterile, harbors diverse bacterial communities. the role of microorganisms within health and disease is slowly being unraveled. evidence points to the neonatal period as a critical time for establishing stable bacterial communities and influencing immune responses important for long-term respiratory health. this review summarizes the evidence of early airway and lung bacterial colonization and the role the microbiome has on respiratory health in the sho ... | 2016 | 26942168 |
| community-acquired moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia: two case reports and review of the literature. | moraxella (formerly branhamella) catarrhalis was discovered at the end of the nineteenth century, and for many decades it was considered to be a harmless commensal of the upper respiratory tract. it is a gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus considered to be the third most common pathogen isolated in childhood sinusitis and otitis media and in adult chronic lower respiratory disease, as well as an etiological agent of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients or those with chronic obstructive pulmonar ... | 2016 | 26989548 |
| the role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of bacterial pneumonia: an ecological perspective. | pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children less than 5 years old worldwide. a wide range of viral, bacterial and fungal agents can cause pneumonia: although viruses are the most common etiologic agent, the severity of clinical symptoms associated with bacterial pneumonia and increasing antibiotic resistance makes bacterial pneumonia a major public health concern. bacterial pneumonia can follow upper respiratory viral infection and complicate lower respiratory viral infection. seconda ... | 2016 | 26884414 |
| complementary and alternative medicine treatment options for otitis media: a systematic review. | otitis media (om) has numerous presentations in children. together with conventional medical therapies aimed to prevent and/or treat om, a rising number of complementary and alternative medicine (cam) treatment options can be offered. since om is common in children, parents may ask healthcare professionals about possible cam therapies. many physicians feel that their knowledge is limited regarding these therapies, and that they desire some information. therefore, we conducted a literature review ... | 2016 | 26871802 |
| composition and dynamics of the respiratory tract microbiome in intubated patients. | lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is a major contributor to respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. lrti also occurs during mechanical ventilation, increasing the morbidity and mortality of intubated patients. we sought to understand the dynamics of respiratory tract microbiota following intubation and the relationship between microbial community structure and infection. | 2016 | 26865050 |
| clinical spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia in childhood. | although the triad of bronchiectasis, sinusitis and situs inversus was first described by kartagener in 1933, the clinical spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia is still under investigation. heterotaxy defects as well as upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms are the main manifestations in childhood. it is now recognized that situs inversus is encountered in only half of patients. the first lower respiratory symptoms may be present from infancy as neonatal respiratory distress. the most com ... | 2016 | 26862502 |
| microbial yield from physiotherapy assisted sputum production in respiratory outpatients. | sputum is a key diagnostic sample for those with chronic chest conditions including chronic and allergic aspergillus-related disease, but often not obtained in clinic. the objective of this study was to evaluate physiotherapeutic interventions to obtain sputum from those not able to spontaneously produce and the subsequent microbiological result. | 2016 | 26831895 |
| randomized clinical trial of a sustained-exposure ciprofloxacin for intratympanic injection during tympanostomy tube surgery. | this exploratory clinical trial evaluated the safety and clinical activity of a novel, sustained-exposure formulation of ciprofloxacin microparticulates in poloxamer (oto-201) administered during tympanostomy tube placement in children. | 2016 | 26296929 |
| does il-17 respond to the disordered lung microbiome and contribute to the neutrophilic phenotype in asthma? | th17/il-17 plays an important role in host defense and hyperimmune responses against pathogenic bacteria accompanied by the recruitment of neutrophils. th17-associated immune response is also involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, which is known as a noninfectious allergic airway disease and has been shown to be heterogeneous. th17-associated inflammation usually contributes to the neutrophilic phenotype, which is often characterized by greater severity, airflow obstruction, and steroid resista ... | 2016 | 26941484 |
| susceptibility of urinary tract bacteria to newer antimicrobial drugs. | urinary tract infections (utis) are among the commonest types of bacterial infections. the antibiotic treatment for utis is associated with important medical and economic implications. many different microorganisms can cause utis though the most common pathogens are e. coli and members of family enterobacteriaceae. the knowledge of etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the organisms causing urinary tract infection is essential. the present study was undertaken to evaluate trends of antib ... | 2016 | 27275323 |
| a novel mechanism for the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria. | bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) have important biological roles in pathogenesis and intercellular interactions, but a general mechanism of omv formation is lacking. here we show that the vacj/yrb abc (atp-binding cassette) transport system, a proposed phospholipid transporter, is involved in omv formation. deletion or repression of vacj/yrb increases omv production in two distantly related gram-negative bacteria, haemophilus influenzae and vibrio cholerae. lipidome analyses demonstrate ... | 2016 | 26806181 |
| the vaccine candidate substrate binding protein sbp2 plays a key role in arginine uptake, which is required for growth of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen that is an important cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections would have an enormous global impact in reducing morbidity resulting from these infections. substrate binding protein 2 (sbp2) of an abc transporter system has recently been identified as a promising vaccine candidate antigen on the bacterial surface ... | 2016 | 26597985 |
| α/β coiled coils. | coiled coils are the best-understood protein fold, as their backbone structure can uniquely be described by parametric equations. this level of understanding has allowed their manipulation in unprecedented detail. they do not seem a likely source of surprises, yet we describe here the unexpected formation of a new type of fiber by the simple insertion of two or six residues into the underlying heptad repeat of a parallel, trimeric coiled coil. these insertions strain the supercoil to the breakin ... | 2016 | 26771248 |
| osteopontin that is elevated in the airways during copd impairs the antibacterial activity of common innate antibiotics. | bacterial infections of the respiratory tract contribute to exacerbations and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). there is also an increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in copd. the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood but include impaired mucociliary clearance and structural remodeling of the airways. in addition, antimicrobial proteins that are constitutively expressed or induced during inflammatory conditions are an important part of the ai ... | 2016 | 26731746 |
| management of acute otitis media in children six months of age and older. | acute otitis media (aom) continues to be a common infection in young children. milder disease, usually due to viruses or less virulent bacteria, resolves equally quickly with or without antibiotics. a bulging tympanic membrane, especially if yellow or hemorrhagic, has a high sensitivity for aom that is likely to be bacterial in origin and is a major diagnostic criterion for aom. perforation of the tympanic membrane with purulent discharge similarly indicates a bacterial cause. immediate antibiot ... | 2016 | 26941560 |
| an independent evaluation of a novel peptide mimetic, brilacidin (pmx30063), for ocular anti-infective. | brilacidin (bri), a novel defensin mimetic, was evaluated as an ocular anti-infective. | 2016 | 26501484 |
| a new model for non-typeable haemophilus influenzae middle ear infection in the junbo mutant mouse. | acute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common bacterial infection in children and, as a consequence, is the most common reason for antimicrobial prescription to this age group. there is currently no effective vaccine for the principal pathogen involved, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). the most frequently used and widely accepted experimental animal model of middle ear infection is in chinchillas, but mice and gerbils have also been used. we have established a ... | 2016 | 26611891 |
| genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus recovered at baseline from phase 3 pneumonia clinical trials for ceftobiprole. | baseline methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates from patients with nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia collected during phase 3 trials for ceftobiprole were characterized. eighty-four unique isolates from patients enrolled in europe (50.0%), asia-western pacific region (apac; 20.2%), north america (19.0%), latin america (8.3%), and south africa (2.4%) were included. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution and isolates screened for pa ... | 2016 | 26230870 |