| diallyl polysulfides from allium sativum as immunomodulators, hepatoprotectors, and antimycobacterial agents. | mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest killers, with an annual death rate of ∼1.5 million. the medicinal effects of garlic have been well documented, and natural products have been shown to have antimycobacterial activity. the current study evaluated the efficacy of six allium sativum l. polysulfide mixtures as antimycobacterial agents together with their cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities. the microtitre prestoblue assay was used to determine t ... | 2017 | 28410455 |
| fungal infection control by garlic extracts (allium sativum l.) and modulation of peritoneal macrophages activity in murine model of sporotrichosis. | garlic (allium sativum l.) is grown all over the world as seasoning and medicinal vegetable since 3,000 bc. allicin is the main component of garlic, being attributed to it the most of its biological activities, such as bactericidal, antifungal and antiviral actions. however, other compounds of garlic present antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, vasodilator activities, protective action against different types of cancer, and immunomodulatory. fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and m ... | 2017 | 28492800 |
| antimicrobial activity of two garlic species (allium sativum and a. tuberosum) against staphylococci infection. in vivo study in rats. | purpose: this study observed the effect of garlic extracts and amoxicillin against an induced staphylococcal infection model. mic and mbc were also obtained for aqueous extracts of allium sativum (asa) and allium tuberosum (atu) against staphylococcus aureus penicillin-sensitive (pssa - atcc 25923) and mrsa (atcc 33592). methods: granulation tissues were induced in the back of 205 rats. after 14 days, 0.5 ml of 10(8) cfu/ml of pssa or mrsa were injected inside tissues. after 24h, animals were di ... | 2017 | 28507945 |
| modulation of the multidrug efflux pump emrd-3 from vibrio cholerae by allium sativum extract and the bioactive agent allyl sulfide plus synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial susceptibility by a. sativum extract. | the causative agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, is a public health concern. multidrug-resistant v. cholerae variants may reduce chemotherapeutic efficacies of severe cholera. we previously reported that the multidrug efflux pump emrd-3 from v. cholerae confers resistance to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobials. medicinal plant compounds are potential candidates for emrd-3 efflux pump modulation. the antibacterial activities of garlic allium sativum, although poorly understood, predicts ... | 2017 | 28432381 |
| antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the honeybee pathogens, paenibacillus larvae and ascosphaera apis and their topical toxicity to apis mellifera adults. | to explore alternative non-chemical control measures against two honeybee pathogens, paenibacillus larvae and ascosphaera apis, thirty-seven plant species were screened for antimicrobial activity. | 2017 | 28869798 |
| comparative studies of bioactive organosulphur compounds and antioxidant activities in garlic (allium sativum l.), elephant garlic (allium ampeloprasum l.) and onion (allium cepa l.). | we evaluated organosulphur compounds in allium vegetables, including garlic, elephant garlic and onion, using high-performance liquid chromatography. among organosulphur compounds, elephant garlic had considerable γ-glutamyl peptides, and garlic had the highest alliin content. onion had low level of organosulphur compounds than did elephant garlic and garlic. in addition, antioxidant capacities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) values and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ( ... | 0 | 28475377 |
| combined effects of chinese medicine feed and ginger extract bath on co-infection of ichthyophthirius multifiliis and dactylogyrus ctenopharyngodonid in grass carp. | dactylogyrus ctenopharyngodonid and ichthyophthirius multifiliis are two important ectoparasites of freshwater fish. co-infection by the two parasites leads to high fish mortality and results in heavy economic losses. this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of medicated feed and a ginger extract bath against d. ctenopharyngodonid and i. multifiliis on grass carp and investigate the hematological response of grass carp co-infected by the two parasites. these results demonstrated that red blood ... | 2017 | 28528516 |
| engineered nickel oxide nanoparticle causes substantial physicochemical perturbation in plants. | concentration of engineered nickel oxide nanoparticle (nio-np) in nature is on the rise, owing to large scale industrial uses, which have accreted the scope of its exposure to plants, the primary producers of the ecosystem. though an essential micronutrient for the animal system, supported by numerous studies confirming its toxicity at higher dosages, nickel oxide is graded as a human carcinogen by who. a few studies do depict toxicity and bioaccumulation of nickel in plants; however, interactio ... | 2017 | 29167790 |
| effect of spices formulations on the physicochemical and sensory properties of nnam gon, a cameroonian dish prepared with cucurbitaceae seeds. | nnam gon, a cake made by steam cooking a mixture of cucurbitaceae seeds paste and others ingredients specially spices, is a highly prized dish in central african region. a preliminary investigation conducted as part of this study highlighted that formulations used in the processing of nnam gon vary according to the spices used. this study was carried out to determine the best formulation for the preparation of this dish. for this purpose, nnam gon samples were produced from four formulations whi ... | 2017 | 28572957 |
| plant extracts as a natural treatment against the fish ectoparasite neobenedenia sp. (monogenea: capsalidae). | the toxicity of water-ethanol extracts of garlic (allium sativum), ginger (zingiber officinale), basil (ocimum basilicum), bitter chaparro (castela tortuousa), onion (allium cepa) and papaya (carica papaya) against adults, eggs and oncomiracidia of neobenedenia spp. parasites was examined. parasites were exposed to continuous immersion and treated as follows: extracts were tested at three dilutions: 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100 made with filtered seawater (35 g l-1); ethanol (70%) was evaluated at the s ... | 2017 | 29248015 |
| protection of grain products from sitophilus oryzae (l.) contamination by anti-insect pest repellent sachet containing allyl mercaptan microcapsule. | the purpose of this study was to develop an anti-insect pest repellent sachet to prevent sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae) contamination in grain packaging. the anti-insect pest activities of essential oils (eos) from garlic (allium sativum), ginger (zingiber officinalis), black pepper (piper nigrum), onion (allium cepa), and fennel (foeniculum vulgare) as well as major compounds (allyl disulfide, ad; allyl mercaptan, am) isolated from of garlic and onion (ad and am) were measur ... | 2017 | 29030875 |
| single and joint antibacterial activity of aqueous garlic extract and manuka honey on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli. | multidrug resistance and recent technological advances have renewed interest in natural product drug discovery from ancient remedies such as allium sativum (garlic) and honey. this study assessed antibacterial activity of aqueous garlic extract (age) and manuka honey on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli. | 2018 | 29373742 |
| brief challenges on medicinal plants: an eye-opening look at ageing-related disorders. | several studies have reported that nature-derived antioxidants may prevent free radicals over-production and therefore control the onset and prevent the exacerbation of different kinds of diseases caused by oxidative stress and redox-derived stressors, including ageing, fundamentally by suppressing the oxidative byproducts-mediated degradation. naturally derived antioxidants exert their anti-ageing action via a panoply of signalling systems, many of which engaging reactive oxygen (ros) and nitro ... | 2018 | 29369521 |
| garlic (allium sativum l.) fed to dairy cows does not modify the cheese-making properties of milk but affects the color, texture, and flavor of ripened cheese. | garlic and garlic components have recently been proposed as ruminal activity modulators to reduce the enteric methane emissions of ruminants, but little is known of their influence on milk coagulation properties, nutrient recovery, cheese yield, and sensorial and rheological characteristics of milk and cheese. the present study assessed the effects of garlic and diallyl sulfide supplements on dry matter intake (dmi), productive performance, milk coagulation properties, cheese yield, milk and che ... | 2018 | 29331459 |
| geographical origin characterization of slovenian organic garlic using stable isotope and elemental composition analyses. | in the present research, the applicability of stable isotope (δ13c, δ15n, δ34s, δ18o) and multi-element (p, s, cl, k, ca, zn, br, rb, sr) data for determining the geographical origin of garlic (allium sativum l.) at the scale of slovenia was examined. slovenia is a rather small country (20273 km2) with significant geological and biological diversity. garlic, valued for its medicinal properties, was collected from slovenian farms with certified organic production and analyzed by elemental analyze ... | 2017 | 29318305 |
| s-allyl cysteine regulates the tnfα-induced muscle wasting by suppressing proteolysis and regulating the inflammatory molecules in skeletal muscle myotubes. | elevated levels of inflammatory molecules are the key players in muscle wasting/atrophy leading to human morbidity. tnfα is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting under diverse clinical settings. s-allyl cysteine (sac), an active component of garlic (allium sativum), has established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types. however, the impact of sac on skeletal muscle pathology remains unexplored. owing to the known anti-i ... | 2017 | 29288771 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of various greek garlic genotypes. | recent studies show a significant variation in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties between the various garlic genotypes mostly due to differences in chemical composition and bioactive compounds content. the aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of garlics collected from the main cultivation areas of greece, as well as to correlate this activity with their total phenolics content. genotype g5 showed the highest total phenolics content, whi ... | 2018 | 29287429 |
| the effects of black garlic on the working memory and pyramidal cell number of medial prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to monosodium glutamate. | monosodium glutamate-induced exitotoxicity causes oxidative stress in many brain areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex. the ethanolic garlic (allium sativum) extract is considered as a neuroprotective substance. the present study aimed at investigating the effects of the ethanolic fermented garlic extract on the working memory and the pyramidal cell number of the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent male wistar rats exposed to monosodium glutamate (msg). twenty-five rats were randomly ... | 2017 | 29280389 |
| hepatoprotective effects of garlic against ethanol-induced liver injury: a mini-review. | alcoholic liver disease (ald) is a progressively aggravated liver disease with a diverse spectrum from steatosis to hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. epidemiological studies reveal that alcohol is one of the major causes of advanced liver disease in europe, united states, and china. despite the considerable harm, progression in ald research is slow and the current therapies for ald have less efficient. garlic (allium sativum) has been used as a flavoring agent and also a folk medicine since an ... | 2018 | 29208504 |
| fluorinated analog nmr s of organosulfur compounds from garlic (allium sativum): synthesis, chemistry and anti-angiogenesis and antithrombotic studies. | we describe the synthesis, reactivity, and antithrombotic and anti-angiogenesis activity of difluoroallicin (s-(2-fluoroallyl) 2-fluoroprop-2-ene-1-sulfinothioate) and s-2-fluoro-2-propenyl-l-cysteine, both easily prepared from commercially available 3-chloro-2-fluoroprop-1-ene, as well as the synthesis of 1,2-bis(2-fluoroallyl)disulfane, 5-fluoro-3-(1-fluorovinyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,2-dithiin, trifluoroajoene ((e,z)-1-(2-fluoro-3-((2-fluoroallyl)sulfinyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)-2-(2-fluoroallyl)disulfane), ... | 2017 | 29182588 |
| formulation and characterization of garlic (allium sativum l.) essential oil nanoemulsion and its acaricidal activity on eriophyid olive mites (acari: eriophyidae). | green and nanoacaricides including essential oil (eo) nanoemulsions are important compounds to provide new, active, safe acaricides and lead to improvement of avoiding the risk of synthetic acaricides. this study was carried out for the first time on eriophyid mites to develop nanoemulsion of garlic essential oil by ultrasonic emulsification and evaluate its acaricidal activity against the two eriophyid olive mites aceria oleae nalepa and tegolophus hassani (keifer). acute toxicity of nanoemulsi ... | 2017 | 29181754 |
| protective effects of allicin on 1,3-dcp-induced lipid metabolism disorder in hepg2 cells. | allicin (2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid s-2-propenyl ester), with quite a good range of hepatoprotective and antineoplastic properties, is a functional substance from garlic (allium sativum l.) the purpose of this study was to provide evidence that allicin could protect 1,3-dcp-induced lipid metabolism disorder in hepg2 cells. allicin reduced the accumulation of triglycerides (tg) and total cholesterol (tc) in 1,3-dcp-induced hepg2 cells. allicin significantly increased the phosphorylation of am ... | 2017 | 29169723 |
| changes in the aromatic profile, sugars, and bioactive compounds when purple garlic is transformed into black garlic. | black garlic is an elaborated product obtained from fresh garlic (allium sativum l.) at a controlled high humidity and temperature, which leads to modifications in color, taste, and texture. to clarify the physicochemical changes that occur during the thermal process, this work aimed to evaluate and contrast the antioxidant capacity and that of other compounds between purple garlic ecotype "purple from las pedroñeras" and its black garlic derivative. our results showed numerous differences betwe ... | 2017 | 29161814 |
| new cyclic sulfides extracted from allium sativum: garlicnins p, j2, and q. | two atypical cyclic-type sulfides, garlicnin p (1) and garlicnin j2 (2), and one thiabicyclic-type sulfide, garlicnin q (3), were isolated from the acetone extracts of garlic, allium sativum, bulbs cultivated in the kumamoto city area, and their structures characterized. their production pathways are also discussed. | 2018 | 29159686 |
| traditional herbal medicine use among people living with hiv/aids in gondar, ethiopia: do their health care providers know? | people living with hiv/aids (plwha) are increasingly using herbal remedies due to the chronic nature of the disease, the complexities of treatment modalities and the difficulty in adhering to the therapeutic regimens. yet, research on herbal medicine use in this patient population is scarce in ethiopia. the present study aimed at investigating the prevalence and factors associated with the use of traditional herbal medicine among plwha in gondar, ethiopia. | 2017 | 29154059 |
| medicinal plants with antithrombotic property in persian medicine: a mechanistic review. | thrombosis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of vessels diseases. due to the high prevalence of thromboembolic disorders investigations are being carried out on new antithrombotic agents with limited adverse side effects in which herbal medicines are considered as alternative remedies. persian medicine (pm) as a traditional medicine has a good potential for pharmacotherapy based on its own principles and development of drugs via investigating pm literature. in ... | 2018 | 29124622 |
| allium discoloration: color compounds formed during greening of processed garlic. | structures and formation pathways of compounds responsible for blue-green discoloration of processed garlic were studied in model systems. a procedure was developed for isolation of the color compounds and their tentative identification by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry. it was found that the pigment is a mixture of numerous pyrrole-based purple/blue and yellow species. experiments with isotope-labeled precursors revealed tha ... | 2017 | 29108412 |
| treatment of malaria and related symptoms using traditional herbal medicine in ethiopia. | medicinal plants have always been an integral part of different cultures in ethiopia in the treatment of different illnesses including malaria and related symptoms. however, due to lack of proper documentation, urbanization, drought, acculturation and deforestation, there is an increased risk of losing this traditional knowledge. hence, the use of the indigenous knowledge should be well documented and validated for potential future use. | 2018 | 29102764 |
| new cyclic sulfides, garlicnins i2, m, n, and o, from allium sativum. | one atypical thiolane-type sulfide, garlicnin i2 (1), two 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfides, garlicnins m (2) and n (3), and one thiabicyclic-type sulfide, garlicnin o (4), were isolated from the acetone extracts of chinese garlic bulbs, allium sativum and their structures were characterized. hypothetical pathways for the production of the respective sulfides were discussed. | 2018 | 29086233 |
| phytotherapy of high blood pressure in three phytogeographic regions of cameroon. | high blood pressure is a public health challenge worldwide. according to world health organization, 30% of men and 50% of women 65 to 75 years old are suffering from high blood pressure. the number of hypertensive patients in the world will attain 1.56 billion of people, with 60% increase in prevalence. the incidence of high blood pressure increases with age, but nowadays, is being noticed an increasing incidence in young people. the socio-cultural medicine may provide new solutions in the manag ... | 2017 | 29057143 |
| effect of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the present study was designed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). pubmed, embase, the cochrane library, and china national knowledge internet (cnki) were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (rcts) by using the terms garlic and t2dm up to april 2017. the quality of included rcts was assessed by the cochrane tool of risk of bias, and data of outcomes were pooled by revman 5.3. clinica ... | 2017 | 29056888 |
| effects of feeding on different host plants and diets on bradysia odoriphaga population parameters and tolerance to heat and insecticides. | bradysia odoriphaga yang et zhang, the chinese chive root maggot, is a devastating pest of agricultural plants causing significant losses in vegetable crops, edible mushrooms, and humus. to determine the effects of feeding on different host plants and diets on the life parameters of b. odoriphaga and its tolerance to stressful conditions, we analyzed the life-table data of b. odoriphaga reared on chinese chive (allium hookeri), welsh onion (allium fistulosum), garlic (allium sativum), oyster mus ... | 2017 | 29045637 |
| anti-avian influenza virus h9n2 activity of aqueous extracts of zingiber officinalis (ginger) and allium sativum (garlic) in chick embryos. | in the present study, anti-avian influenza virus h9n2 activity of aqueous extracts (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) of zingiber officinalis and allium sativum was evaluated. embryo-toxicity was evaluated by histopathological scoring of chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos. cytotoxicity of extracts was determined by mtt assay on vero cells. aqueous extract of ginger had antiviral activity at 10, 15, 20 and 25% while garlic had activity at 15, 20 and 25%. histopathological scoring of chorio-allantoic me ... | 2017 | 29039335 |
| diallylthiosulfinate (allicin), a volatile antimicrobial from garlic (allium sativum), kills human lung pathogenic bacteria, including mdr strains, as a vapor. | garlic (allium sativum) has potent antimicrobial activity due to allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) synthesized by enzyme catalysis in damaged garlic tissues. allicin gives crushed garlic its characteristic odor and its volatility makes it potentially useful for combating lung infections. allicin was synthesized (>98% pure) by oxidation of diallyl disulfide by h₂o₂ using formic acid as a catalyst and the growth inhibitory effect of allicin vapor and allicin in solution to clinical isolates of lung p ... | 2017 | 29023413 |
| s-allyl cysteine alleviates inflammation by modulating the expression of nf-κb during chromium (vi)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. | hexavalent chromium (cr (vi)) is a common environmental pollutant. cr (vi) exposure can lead to severe damage to the liver, but the preventive measures to diminish cr (vi)-induced hepatotoxicity need further study. s-allyl cysteine (sac) is a constituent of garlic ( allium sativum) and has many beneficial effects to humans and rodents. in this study, we intended to analyze the mechanistic role of sac during cr (vi)-induced hepatotoxicity. male wistar albino rats were induced with 17 mg/kg body w ... | 2017 | 28988497 |
| effect of raw crushed garlic (allium sativum l.) on components of metabolic syndrome. | metabolic syndrome consists of a group of risk factors characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory conditions. raw garlic homogenate has been reported to reduce serum lipid levels in animal model; however, no precise studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of raw crushed garlic (allium sativum l.) on components of metabolic syndrome. therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect ... | 2017 | 28956671 |
| control potential of meloidogyne javanica and ditylenchus spp. using fluorescent pseudomonas and bacillus spp. | plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) have different mechanisms of action in the development of plants, such as growth promotion, production of phytohormones and antibiotic substances and changes in root exudates. these help to control plant diseases. in order to evaluate the potential of microorganisms in the control of meloidogyne javanica and ditylenchus spp., five rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of garlic cultivated in the curitibanos (sc) region were tested. hatching chambers ... | 2018 | 28939304 |
| sulphur fertilization influences the sulphur species composition in allium sativum: sulphomics using hplc-icpms/ms-esi-ms/ms. | garlic (a. sativum) contains a large number of small sulphur (s)-containing metabolites, which are important for its taste and smell and vary with a. sativum variety and growth conditions. this study was designed to investigate the influence of different sulphur-fertilization regimes on low molecular weight s-species by attempting the first sulphur mass balance in a. sativum roots and bulbs using hplc-icpms/ms-esi-ms/ms. species unspecific quantification of acid soluble s-containing metabolites ... | 2017 | 28932845 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of allium sativum extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress in rats brain and kidney. | the present study investigated the in vitro and the in vivo antioxidant capacities of allium sativum (garlic) extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage in rat's brain and kidney. the in vitro result showed that highest extraction yield was achieved with methanol (20.08%). among the tested extracts, the methanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity. the in vivo results showed that deltamethrin treatment caused an increase of the ac ... | 2017 | 28920707 |
| black garlic: a critical review of its production, bioactivity, and application. | black garlic is obtained from fresh garlic (allium sativum l.) that has been fermented for a period of time at a controlled high temperature (60-90°c) under controlled high humidity (80-90%). when compared with fresh garlic, black garlic does not release a strong offensive flavor owing to the reduced content of allicin. enhanced bioactivity of black garlic compared with that of fresh garlic is attributed to its changes in physicochemical properties. studies concerning the fundamental findings of ... | 2017 | 28911544 |
| a review of patents on therapeutic potential and delivery of hydroge n sulfide. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is a colorless gas with a characteristic smell of rotten eggs. once only thought of as a toxic gas, evidence now shows that h2s plays major roles in pathological and physiological activities. these roles are being utilized to treat diseases and disorders ranging from hypertension, inflammation, edema, cardiovascular issues, chronic pain, cancer, and many more. challenges facing the use of h2s currently involve achieving the optimum therapeutic concentrations, synthesizing ... | 2017 | 28901845 |
| scolicidal agents for protoscolices of echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst: review of literature. | hydatid cyst is the larval stage of dog tape worm echinococcus granulosus. protoscolices are parasite larvae that develop into adult worms in the final host intestine. during surgical treatment of human hydatidsosis spillage of live protoscolices is the major cause of hydatidosis recurrence. to prevent this problem scolicidal agent such as hypertonic salt are used to kill the protoscolices that may disseminate into the patient's tissues during surgery. however, they may have some unacceptable si ... | 2017 | 28900448 |
| development of novel meju starter culture using plant extracts with reduced bacillus cereus counts and enhanced functional properties. | we developed a novel type of meju starter culture using single and combined extracts of allium sativum (garlic clove), nelumbo nucifera (lotus leaves), and ginkgo biloba (ginkgo leaves) to improve the quality and functionality of meju-based fermented products. meju samples fermented with plant extracts (10 mg/ml) showed phenolic contents of 11.4-31.6 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents). samples of extracts (garlic clove, lotus leaves, ginkgo leaves and their combination) fermented with meju strongly ... | 2017 | 28900166 |
| anti-inflammatory activities of garlic sprouts, a source of α-linolenic acid and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan, in raw 264.7 cells. | the purpose of this study was to analyze the indolic, phenolic, and fatty acid content and antioxidant activity of garlic sprouts growing in the dark and in the daylight. the pro- or anti-inflammatory properties of the garlic sprout extract were investigated by evaluating the cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), prostaglandin e synthase (cpges), glutathione s transferase (gstm1), nuclear factor nf-κb, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) protein levels in ... | 2017 | 28880969 |
| medicinal herbs used by hiv-positive people in lesotho. | the use of medicinal herbs whose efficacy and toxicities are not known by hiv-positive people in lesotho is a threat to the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment. this study explored some medicinal herbs used by hiv-positive people in lesotho and the reasons for their use. | 2016 | 28852728 |
| hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of single clove garlic against ccl4-induced hepatic damage in rabbits. | the increase in demand and consumption of single clove garlic or 'solo garlic' (allium sativum) has resulted in an increase in research on its therapeutic properties. the present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activities, oxidant-scavenging efficiency and preventive effects of scg (single clove garlic) and mcg (multi clove garlic) on ccl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity in male rabbits. | 2017 | 28818066 |
| cropping systems affect paddy soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks (in rice-garlic and rice-fava systems) in temperate region of southern china. | the accumulation of soil organic carbon (soc) in agricultural soils is critical to food security and climate change. however, there is still limited information on the dynamic trend of soc sequestration following changes in cropping systems. paddy soils, typical of temperate region of southern china, have a large potential for carbon (c) sequestration and nitrogen (n) fixation. it is of great importance to study the impacts of changes in cropping systems on stocks of soc and total nitrogen (tn) ... | 2017 | 28810521 |
| characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extracts of allium sativum, zingiber officinale, and capsicum frutescens. | herbal drug delivery is limited by poor solubility and bioavailability which can be overcome with suitable nanomaterials that will enhance their pharmacokinetics and performance. | 2017 | 28808381 |
| medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | leishmaniasis is a major public health problem worldwide. the aim of the present study was to investigate medicinal plants with anti-leishmania activity which used in iran. | 2017 | 28794869 |
| high doses of s-methylcysteine cause hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis accompanied by engulfment of mitochondaria by nucleus. | despite its important role as a medicinal plant, some studies reported a toxic effect for garlic (allium sativum) when given in higher doses. herein, we investigated the possible cardiotoxic effects of high doses of s-methylcysteine (smc), a water soluble organosulfur compound present in garlic. rats were orally administered smc at a low dose (50mg), high dose (150mg) and very high dose (300mg)/kg body weight, or saline (control) for 10days. high and very high doses of smc resulted in a signific ... | 2017 | 28783581 |
| the chemical compositions of the volatile oils of garlic (allium sativum) and wild garlic (allium vineale). | garlic, alliumsativum, is broadly used around the world for its numerous culinary and medicinal uses. wild garlic, allium vineale, has been used as a substitute for garlic, both in food as well as in herbal medicine. the present study investigated the chemical compositions of a. sativum and a. vineale essential oils. the essential oils from the bulbs of a. sativum, cultivated in spain, were obtained by three different methods: laboratory hydrodistillation, industrial hydrodistillation, and indus ... | 2017 | 28783070 |
| assessment of genetic diversity and structure of large garlic (allium sativum) germplasm bank, by diversity arrays technology "genotyping-by-sequencing" platform (dartseq). | garlic (allium sativum) is used worldwide in cooking and industry, including pharmacology/medicine and cosmetics, for its interesting properties. identifying redundancies in germplasm blanks to generate core collections is a major concern, mostly in large stocks, in order to reduce space and maintenance costs. yet, similar appearance and phenotypic plasticity of garlic varieties hinder their morphological classification. molecular studies are challenging, due to the large and expected complex ge ... | 2017 | 28775737 |
| an overview of herbal products and secondary metabolites used for management of type two diabetes. | diabetes mellitus is a common effect of uncontrolled high blood sugar and it is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs. in the adult population, the global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980. without effective prevention and management programs, the continuing significant rise in diabetes will have grave consequences on the health and lifespan of the world population, and also on the world economy. supplements can be used to correct nutriti ... | 2017 | 28729836 |
| allicin inhibits the invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by altering tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase/matrix metalloproteinase balance via reducing the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/akt signaling. | allicin, the main active principle associated with allium sativum chemistry, has various antitumor activities. however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no available information to address the anti-invasive effect and associated mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma. in the present study, cell viability assay, cell adhesion assay, western blot analysis, transwell migration and invasion assays and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed. allicin was identified ... | 2017 | 28693193 |
| genetic variability of garlic accessions as revealed by agro-morphological traits evaluated under different environments. | the cultivated garlic (allium sativum l.) displays a wide phenotypic diversity, which is derived from natural mutations and phenotypic plasticity, due to dependence on soil type, moisture, latitude, altitude and cultural practices, leading to a large number of cultivars. this study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability shown by 63 garlic accessions belonging to instituto agronômico de campinas and the escola superior de agricultura "luiz de queiroz" germplasm collections. we evaluated ten qu ... | 2017 | 28613376 |
| mass spectrometry imaging of low molecular weight compounds in garlic (allium sativum l.) with gold nanoparticle enhanced target. | garlic (allium sativum) is the subject of many studies due to its numerous beneficial properties. although compounds of garlic have been studied by various analytical methods, their tissue distributions are still unclear. mass spectrometry imaging (msi) appears to be a very powerful tool for the identification of the localisation of compounds within a garlic clove. | 2017 | 28612465 |
| phytoestrogen-rich natural preparation for treatment of climacteric syndrome and atherosclerosis prevention in perimenopausal women. | the present study evaluated the risks and benefits of phytoestrogen treatment in healthy perimenopausal women in relation to the dynamics of climacteric syndrome and progression of atherosclerosis. study participants were treated with placebo or phytoestrogen-rich natural preparation karinat based on grape (vitis vinifera) seeds, green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves, hop (hunulus lupulus) cone powder and garlic (allium sativum) powder. the dynamics of climacteric syndrome was evaluated by kupper ... | 2017 | 28593720 |
| physicochemical properties, biological activity, health benefits, and general limitations of aged black garlic: a review. | garlic (allium sativum) has been used as a medicinal food since ancient times. however, some people are reluctant to ingest raw garlic due to its unpleasant odor and taste. therefore, many types of garlic preparations have been developed to reduce these attributes without losing biological functions. aged black garlic (abg) is a garlic preparation with a sweet and sour taste and no strong odor. it has recently been introduced to asian markets as a functional food. extensive in vitro and in vivo ... | 2017 | 28587168 |
| antimicrobial activity of various ethanolic plant extracts against pathogenic multi drug resistant candida spp. | a total of 50 candida isolates were isolated and identified from clinical specimens and these were tested for resistance to various antifungal drugs. it was observed multi-drug resistance in all candida isolates by 84%, 62%, 60%, 76%, 46, 30%, and 22% against fluconazole, clotrimazole, amphotericin b, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and nystatin tested respectively. the isolates, which were found to be resistant to antifungal drugs were selected and subjected to antifungal testing against ... | 2017 | 28584446 |
| antibacterial effects of garlic extracts and ziziphora essential oil on bacteria associated with peri-implantitis. | peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process, characterized by loss of bone around implants and bleeding on probing. colonization of bacteria in the pocket created around the implant is one of the most important aetiologic factors involved. although antibiotics are routinely used and are effective agents against this bacterial infection, due to the side effects and drug resistance of these medications, researchers are more interested in using herbal derivatives. there are relatively limited numbe ... | 2017 | 28571253 |
| good for the lung but bad for the liver? garlic-induced hepatotoxicity following liver transplantation. | limited data exist surrounding the metabolism and safety of garlic supplements. | 2017 | 28543822 |
| effects of dietary intake of garlic on intestinal trematodes. | the current strategy for the control of helminth infections relies on chemotherapy. however, resistance appearance is promoting the necessity of developing new drugs against trematodes. herein, potential trematocidal effects of garlic (allium sativum) are investigated in the context of intestinal foodborne trematodes, employing the echinostoma caproni-mouse model. daily administration of dietary doses of garlic was conducted in three groups of mice: (i) before infection (prophylaxis), (ii) after ... | 2017 | 28536879 |
| beneficial effects of garlic (allium sativum) oil in experimental corrosive esophageal burns effects of garlic oil in esophageal burns. | corrosive esophageal burns, particularly common in developing countries, lead to different problems in different age groups. the ingestion of corrosive substances can cause such problems as stricture of the esophagus, to acute perforation, and even death. because stricture formation is related to the severity of the initial injury, the prevention of stricture constitutes a main goal of treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the protective and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic (all ... | 2017 | 28530769 |
| biophysical insight into structure-function relation of allium sativum protease inhibitor by thermal, chemical and ph-induced modulation using comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. | in this study, we have analyzed the structural and functional changes in the nature of allium sativum protease inhibitor (aspi) on undergoing various denaturation with variable range of ph, temperature and urea (at ph 8.2). aspi being anti-tryptic in nature has native molecular mass of ∼15kda. the conformational stability, functional parameters and their correlation were estimated under different conditions using circular dichroism, fluorescence and activity measurements. aspi was found to fall ... | 2017 | 28528000 |
| e-cadherin/β-catenin complex: a target for anticancer and antimetastasis plants/plant-derived compounds. | plants reputed to have cancer-inhibiting potential and putative active components derived from those plants have emerged as an exciting new field in cancer study. some of these compounds have cancer-inhibiting potential in different clinical staging levels, especially metastasis. a few of them which stabilize cell-cell adhesions are controversial topics. this review article introduces some effective herbal compounds that target e-cadherin/β-catenin protein complex. in this article, at first, we ... | 2017 | 28524727 |
| inhibitory effect of alliin from allium sativum on the glycation of superoxide dismutase. | inhibition of glycation is an important approach for alleviating diabetic complications. alliin, the most abundant sulphur compound in garlic has been demonstrated to possess antidiabetic activity. however, there is no scientific evidence supporting its antiglycating activity. the objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of alliin on glucose and methyglyoxal (mg)-induced glycation of an important antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (sod). glycation of sod resulted in a ... | 2017 | 28502851 |
| an optimized facile procedure to synthesize and purify allicin. | allicin is a reactive sulfur species (rss) and defence substance from garlic (allium sativum l.). the compound is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is also effective against multiple drug resistant (mdr) strains. a detailed protocol for allicin synthesis based on diallyl-disulfide (dads) oxidation by h₂o₂ using acetic acid as a catalyst was published in 2001 by lawson and wang. here we report on improvements to this basic method, clarify the mechanism of the reaction and show that it is zero-orde ... | 2017 | 28489057 |
| alterations in virulence and antibiotic resistant genes of multidrug-resistant salmonella serovars isolated from poultry: the bactericidal efficacy of allium sativum. | | 2017 | 28479511 |
| use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis in trinidad: a descriptive study. | despite the paucity of scientific evidence, complementary and alternative medicine (cam) is widely used for the prevention and treatment of illness, holistic care, and counteracting the adverse effects of conventional medicine (cm). this study investigates the use of cam by patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd) on haemodialysis. | 2017 | 28472987 |
| antihypertensive effect of allicin in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats. | glucocorticoid is among the most commonly prescribed medicine. unfortunately, excess glucocorticoid level leads hypertension in 80-90% patients. garlic (allium sativum) has been used since ancient times and even nowadays as a part of popular medicine for various ailments and physiological disorders. hence this study was undertaken to investigate the antihypertensive activity of allicin in dexamethasone induced hypertension in wistar rats. | 2017 | 28462145 |
| combined effects of medicinal plants on induced upper gastrointestinal tract injury in wistar rats. | herbal medicines are now recently used as treatment options. this study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination therapy of medicinal herbs in the treatment of induced gastrointestinal injury among albino wistar rats. | 2016 | 28450774 |
| insecticidal activity of garlic essential oil and their constituents against the mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor linnaeus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | this study evaluated the insecticidal activity of garlic, allium sativum linnaeus (amaryllidaceae) essential oil and their principal constituents on tenebrio molitor. garlic essential oil, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl sulfide oil were used to compare the lethal and repellent effects on larvae, pupae and adults of t. molitor. six concentrations of garlic essential oil and their principal constituents were topically applied onto larvae, pupae and adults of this insect. repellent effect and respi ... | 2017 | 28425475 |
| garlic dermatitis on the neck of an infant treated for nasal congestion. | the health benefits of garlic (allium sativum) as a naturopathic remedy have been well documented, but topical application of garlic has been linked to allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. we present a case of severe irritant contact dermatitis due to application of a fresh garlic necklace to the neck of infant for treatment of nasal congestion. | 2017 | 28425131 |