| molecular identification and pectate lyase production by bacillus strains involved in cocoa fermentation. | we have previously reported the implication of bacillus in the production of pectinolytic enzymes during cocoa fermentation. the objective of this work was to identify the bacillus strains isolated from cocoa fermentation and study their ability to produce pectate lyase (pl) in various growth conditions. ninety-eight strains were analyzed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra). four different banding patterns were obtained leading to the clustering of the bacterial isolates into ... | 2010 | 21056768 |
| suppressing resistance to bt cotton with sterile insect releases. | genetically engineered crops that produce insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are grown widely for pest control. however, insect adaptation can reduce the toxins' efficacy. the predominant strategy for delaying pest resistance to bt crops requires refuges of non-bt host plants to provide susceptible insects to mate with resistant insects. variable farmer compliance is one of the limitations of this approach. here we report the benefits of an alternative strategy where sterile in ... | 2010 | 21057498 |
| when cytoskeletal worlds collide. | | 2010 | 21059902 |
| enhanced toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis japonensis strain buibui toxin to oriental beetle and northern masked chafer (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) larvae with bacillus sp. nfd2. | bacillus thuringiensisjaponensis strain buibui (btj) has the potential to be an important control agent for pest scarabs. bioassays using autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil showed there were always lower lc, values associated with nonautoclaved soil. we identified five other bacteria found in the hemolymph of insects killed by btj and used them in bioassays to see whether we could enhance the control achieved with btj alone. one bacterium, designated nfd2 and later identified as a bacillus sp., s ... | 2010 | 21061952 |
| activity of broad-spectrum and reduced-risk insecticides on various life stages of cranberry fruitworm (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in highbush blueberry. | laboratory and semifield bioassays were conducted to determine the life-stage activity of insecticides for controlling cranberry fruitworm, acrobasis vaccinii riley (lepidoptera: pyralidae), a key lepidopteran pest of highbush blueberry, vaccinium corymbosum l. the organophosphates azinphosmethyl and phosmet, the pyrethroid esfenvalerate, and the carbamate methomyl were lethal to all life stages. the neonicotinoids thiacloprid and acetamiprid demonstrated strong larvicidal and ovicidal activity ... | 2010 | 21061972 |
| evaluating resistance to bt toxin cry1ab by f2 screen in european populations of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the large-scale cultivation of transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins have already lead to the evolution of bt resistance in some pest populations targeted by these crops. we used the f2 screening method for further estimating the frequency of resistance alleles of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), to bt maize, zea mays l., producing the cry1ab toxin. in france, germany, and italy, 784, 455, and 80 lines of european corn borer w ... | 2010 | 21061983 |
| effects of four nematode species on fitness costs of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac. | evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy oftransgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt). in conjunction with refuges of non-bt host plants, fitness costs can delay the evolution of resistance. furthermore, fitness costs often vary with ecological conditions, suggesting that agricultural landscapes can be manipulated to magnify fitness costs and thereby prolong the efficacy of bt crops. in the current study, we tested th ... | 2010 | 21061986 |
| evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis pathogenicity for a strain of the tick, rhipicephalus microplus, resistant to chemical pesticides. | the pathogenicity of four native strains of bacillus thuringiensis against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrine) (acari: ixodidae) was evaluated. a r. microplus strain that is resistant to organophosphates, pyrethroids, and amidines, was used in this study. adult r. microplus females were bioassayed using the immersion test of drummond against 60 b. thuringiensis strains. four strains, gp123, gp138, gp130, and gp140, were found to be toxic. for the immersion test, the total protein co ... | 2010 | 21062139 |
| spinosad as an effective larvicide for control of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, vectors of dengue in southern mexico. | background: field trials were conducted during the wet and dry seasons in periurban and semi-rural cemeteries in southern mexico to determine the efficacy of a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad (tracer 480sc) on the inhibition of development of aedes albopictus l. and ae. aegypti skuse. for this, oviposition traps were treated with spinosad (1 or 5 mg l(-1)), bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti, vectobac 12as), a sustained release formulation of temephos and a water control.resu ... | 2010 | 21064145 |
| a novel l-isoleucine metabolism in bacillus thuringiensis generating (2s,3r,4s)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, a potential insulinotropic and anti-obesity amino acid. | 4-hydroxyisoleucine (hil) found in fenugreek seeds has insulinotropic and anti-obesity effects and is expected to be a novel orally active drug for insulin-independent diabetes. here, we show that the newly isolated strain bacillus thuringiensis 2e2 and the closely related strain b. thuringiensis atcc 35646 operate a novel metabolic pathway for l-isoleucine (l-ile) via hil and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoic acid (amkp). the hil synthesis was catalyzed stereoselectively by an α-ketoglutaric aci ... | 2010 | 21069315 |
| aedes albopictus control with spray application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, strain am 65-52. | a bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) formulation, vectobac wg (strain am 65-52), was evaluated for mosquito control in a training area with dense vegetation. bti was spray applied to target aedes albopictus larval habitats of 130 ha once every 2 weeks using a motorized back pack mist blower, stihl sr420, and a vehicle mounted ultra low volume generator (ulv), igeba u40. ovitrap index (oi) and larval density (ld) were used to measure the efficacy of larviciding. in the bti treated area the ... | 2010 | 21073027 |
| identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) as a binding protein for a 68-kda bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein cytotoxic against leukaemic cells. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt), an ubiquitous gram-positive spore-forming bacterium forms parasporal proteins during the stationary phase of its growth. recent findings of selective human cancer cell-killing activity in non-insecticidal bt isolates resulted in a new category of bt parasporal protein called parasporin. however, little is known about the receptor molecules that bind parasporins and the mechanism of anti-cancer activity. a malaysian bt isolate, designated bt18 produces parasporal prot ... | 2010 | 21073742 |
| mode of action of parasporin-4, a cytocidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | parasporin-4 (ps4) is a cytotoxic protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain a1470. it exhibits specific cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, caco-2, sawano, and molt-4 cells, in particular. when cells were administrated with ps4, cell swelling and nuclear shrinkage were induced, and, the ballooned cells burst within 24 h. psi-blast search showed that the protein shared homology not only with b. thuringiensis cry toxins but also with aerolysin-type β-pore-forming toxins. circular ... | 2010 | 21073856 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolates and their differential toxicity against helicoverpa armigera populations. | bacillus thuringiensis isolates were characterized in rhizospheric cotton soils by using acetate selection process from eight different locations in south india. the fact that b. thuringiensis indices were higher in proportion in soil samples taken from tamil nadu and karnataka than from andhra pradesh, indicates the abundance of b. thuringiensis populations in the cotton rhizosphere. biochemical typing of the isolates designated eight local isolates (btng13, btco1, bthyb7, btam2, btrm5, btwr3, ... | 2010 | 21077117 |
| bioinformatic analysis for allergenicity assessment of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins expressed in insect-resistant food crops. | the novel proteins introduced into the genetically modified (gm) crops need to be evaluated for the potential allergenicity before their introduction into the food chain to address the safety concerns of consumers. at present, there is no single definitive test that can be relied upon to predict allergic response in humans to a new protein; hence a composite approach to allergic response prediction is described in this study. the present study reports on the evaluation of the cry proteins, encod ... | 2010 | 21078358 |
| formation of macromolecule complex with bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins and chlorophyllide binding 252-kda lipocalin-like protein locating on bombyx mori midgut membrane. | p252, a 252-kda bombyx mori protein located on the larval midgut membrane, has been shown to bind strongly with bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins (hossain et al. appl environ microbiol 70:4604-4612, 2004). p252 was also shown to bind chlorophyllide (chlide) to form red fluorescence-emitting complex bm252rfp with significant antimicrobial activity (pandian et al. appl environ microbiol 74:1324-1331, 2008). in this article, we show that cry1a toxin bound with bm252rfp and bm252rfp-cry1a macrocom ... | 2010 | 21079938 |
| effects of mutations within surface-exposed loops in the pore-forming domain of the cry9ca insecticidal toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | the pore-forming domain of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal cry toxins is formed of seven amphipathic α-helices. because pore formation is thought to involve conformational changes within this domain, the possible role of its interhelical loops in this crucial step was investigated with cry9ca double mutants, which all share the previously characterized r164a mutation, using a combination of homology modeling, bioassays and electrophysiological measurements. the mutations either introduced, n ... | 2010 | 21082167 |
| influence of mutagenesis of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin on larvicidal activity. | domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry δ-endotoxins are considered to be related to the stability of the structure and avoidance of overdigestion by proteases. in this study, some residues of potential chymotrypsin and trypsin sites in domain iii of b. thuringiensis cry1aa were replaced individually with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, in order to investigate their functional roles. except f574a, all mutants f536a, r543a, f550a, f565a, r566a, f570a, f576a, f583a, and f590a were highly ex ... | 2010 | 21082182 |
| interaction of allium sativum leaf agglutinin with midgut brush border membrane vesicles proteins and its stability in helicoverpa armigera. | allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) binds to several proteins in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera and causes toxicity. most of these were glycosylated. six asal-binding proteins were selected for identification. pmf and ms/ms data showed their similarity with midgut aminopeptidase apn2, polycalins and alkaline phosphatase of h. armigera, cadherin-n protein (partial agap009726-pa) of acyrthosiphon pisum, cytochrome p450 (cyp315a1) of manduca sexta and alkaline phosphatase of heliothis viresce ... | 2010 | 21082761 |
| introduction and control of three invasive mosquito species in the netherlands, july-october 2010. | in july 2010, during routine mosquito surveillance inspections at companies that import used tires, three invasive species were found at five locations in the netherlands: the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti), the asian tiger mosquito (ae. albopictus), and the american rock-pool mosquito (ae. atropalpus). this is the first time that ae. aegypti is reported from the netherlands. mosquito control was initiated one week after the first invasive mosquito was found, using adulticides and larvici ... | 2010 | 21087591 |
| haematology, blood biochemistry and tissue histopathology of lambs maintained on diets containing an insect controlling protein (cry1ac) in bt-cottonseed. | this experiment assessed the effect of feeding genetically modified cottonseed (bt) containing an insect controlling protein (cry1ac) on haematology, blood biochemistry and histopathology of lambs. haemato-biochemicals were estimated at periodic intervals, and histopathology at termination of experiment. thirty three weaner lambs were fed a composite feed mixture (cfm) ad libitum individually, in three groups for 123 days. the isonitrogenous cfm had roughage (perl millet stover) and concentrate ... | 2010 | 21091548 |
| effect of ultrasonication and fenton oxidation on biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) in wastewater sludge. | the presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) and its metabolites, i.e. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid in wastewater sludge (wws) were investigated during aerobic digestion and bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based fermentation of wws. ultrasonication and fenton oxidation pre-treatment was applied to improve biodegradability of wws and bioavailability of the target compounds for digestion and fermentation. dehp and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were observed at higher concentra ... | 2010 | 21094970 |
| self-assembly and recrystallization of bacterial s-layer proteins of bacillus sphaericus and bacillus thuringiensis on silicone, mica and quartz crystal supports. | the oriented architecture of macromolecules plays a critical role in many aspects of nanobiotechnology such as in the development of biosensors. to this regard, s-layers which constitute the outermost cell envelope component of many prokaryotic organisms, represent unique self assembled systems with the capability to rearrange into monomolecular and oriented arrays. these properties can be exploited to promote their crystallization on surfaces (e.g. silicone) which is pivotal for the subsequent ... | 2010 | 21096866 |
| developmental and photosynthetic regulation of δ-endotoxin reveals that engineered sugarcane conferring resistance to 'dead heart' contains no toxins in cane juice. | the phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxylase is regulated at the levels of transcription and post-translation in c4 plants in light and abundantly accumulates in leaf mesophyll cells. we report here developmental and photosynthetic regulation of stably accumulated bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin under the control of pep-c promoter in transgenic sugarcane. in young leaves of plants, the transprotein is accumulated to 39% of the levels in mature leaves (135 ng mg(-1)), and is induced with the cell ... | 2010 | 21104030 |
| in vivo fluorescence observation of parasporal inclusion formation in bacillus thuringiensis. | a recombinant gene expressing a cry1ac-gfp fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 160 kd was constructed to investigate the expression of cry1ac, the localization of its gene product cry1ac, and its role in crystal development in bacillus thuringiensis. the cry1ac-gfp fusion gene under the control of the cry1ac promoter was cloned into the plasmid pht304, and this construct was designated phtcry1ac-gfp. phtcry1ac-gfp was transformed into the crystal-negative strain, hd-73 cry(-), ... | 2010 | 21104371 |
| [hypothetical link between endometriosis and xenobiotics-associated genetically modified food]. | endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent inflammatory disease affecting 10 % of reproductive-aged women. often accompanied by chronic pelvic pain and infertility, endometriosis rigorously interferes with women's quality of life. although the pathophysiology of endometriosis remains unclear, a growing body of evidence points to the implication of environmental toxicants. over the last decade, an increase in the incidence of endometriosis has been reported and coincides with the introduction of gen ... | 2010 | 21111655 |
| novel microbial route to synthesize silver nanoparticles using spore crystal mixture of bacillus thuringiensis. | metallic nanoparticles are traditionally synthesized by wet chemical techniques, where the chemicals used are often toxic and flammable. in the present study, the spore crystal mixture of bacillus thuringiensis was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis absorption spectroscopy, xrd and tem. x-ray diffraction and tem analysis showed the average particle size of 15 nm and mixed (cubic and hexagonal) structure. this is for the first time that a ... | 2010 | 21117457 |
| bacillus cereus cytotoxins hbl, nhe and cytk are secreted via the sec translocation pathway. | bacillus cereus and the closely related bacillus thuringiensis are gram positive opportunistic pathogens that may cause food poisoning, and the three secreted pore-forming cytotoxins hbl, nhe and cytk have been implicated as the causative agents of diarrhoeal disease. it has been proposed that the hbl toxin is secreted using the flagellar export apparatus (fea) despite the presence of sec-type signal peptides. as protein secretion is of key importance in virulence of a microorganism, the mechani ... | 2010 | 21118484 |
| [toxic activity of bacillus thuringiensis isolates to aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) larvae]. | aedes aegypti (l.), the main vector of dengue fever in brazil, has been controlled with the use of massive chemical products, contributing to the development of resistance and decreasing the insect control efficiency. the control of dipterans with bioinsecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis has been satisfactory, due to the production of insecticidal proteins denominated cry (crystal), cyt (cytolytic) toxins and chi (chitinase), and to the synergistic effects among them. the present work aim ... | 2010 | 21120386 |
| characterization of an argentine isolate of bacillus thuringiensis similar to the hd-1 strain. | we report the characterization of an argentine isolate of bacillus thuringiensis (inta ta24-6) similar to the hd-1 strain, which harbors a cryptic cry2ab gene that apparently is transcribed but not translated into a protein. inta ta24-6 showed a rep-pcr pattern identical to the hd-1 strain, a plasmid pattern that resembled that of this strain and cry1 and cry2 genes as hd-1. screening of cry1 and cry2 genes showed that inta ta24-6 harbors only cry1ac and cry2ab genes. furthermore, crystalline in ... | 2010 | 21120387 |
| effect of bt-176 maize pollen on first instar larvae of the peacock butterfly (inachis io) (lepidoptera; nymphalidae). | more than 10 years after registration of the first bt maize cultivar in europe, there still exists a remarkable lack of data on effects on lepidoptera which would be necessary for a complete and comprehensive environmental risk assessment. so far only very few european butterfly species have been tested in this aspect. in our study the effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) maize pollen (event bt-176) on the development and survival of neonate larvae of the peacock butterfly, inachis i ... | 2010 | 21122482 |
| interaction of allium sativum leaf agglutinin with midgut brush border membrane vesicles proteins and its stability in helicoverpa armigera. | allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) binds to several proteins in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera and causes toxicity. most of these were glycosylated. six asal-binding proteins were selected for identification. pmf and ms/ms data showed their similarity with midgut aminopeptidase apn2, polycalins and alkaline phosphatase of h. armigera, cadherin-n protein (partial agap009726-pa) of acyrthosiphon pisum, cytochrome p450 (cyp315a1) of manduca sexta and alkaline phosphatase of heliothis viresce ... | 2010 | 21136596 |
| no refuge for insect pests. | | 2010 | 21139612 |
| agroinfiltration as a technique for rapid assays for evaluating candidate insect resistance transgenes in plants. | functional analysis of candidate transgenes for insect resistance in stably transformed plants is a time-consuming task that can take months to achieve in even the fastest of plant models. in this study, a rapid screening technique is described, which employs candidate transgene transient expression using agroinfiltration in nicotiana benthamiana combined with a simple insect bioassay. using this system the known insecticidal protein cry1ac is demonstrated to effectively control helicoverpa zea. ... | 2010 | 21140154 |
| the amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments of the bacillus thuringensis cyt1aa toxin have differential roles in toxin oligomerization and pore formation. | the cyt toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis show insecticidal activity against some insects, mainly dipteran larvae, being able to kill mosquitoes and black flies. however, they also possess a general cytolytic activity in vitro, showing hemolytic activity in red blood cells. these proteins are composed of two outer layers of α-helix hairpins wrapped around a β-sheet. with regard to their mode of action, one model proposed that the two outer layers of α-helix hairpins swing aw ... | 2010 | 21142020 |
| functional expression in insect cells of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked alkaline phosphatase from aedes aegypti larval midgut: a bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin receptor. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins which bind to cell surface receptors on the brush border membrane of susceptible midgut larvae. the toxin-receptor interaction generates pores in midgut epithelial cells resulting in cell lysis. here, a cdna encoding membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from aedes aegypti (aa-malp) midgut larvae, based on the sequence identity hit to bombyx mori membrane-bound alp, was amplified by rt-pcr and transiently expressed in spodoptera f ... | 2010 | 21146607 |
| hemocytes of rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier) (coleoptera: curculionidae) and their response to saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus thuringiensis. | originally from tropical asia, the red palm weevil (rpw rhynchophorus ferrugineus (olivier)) is the most dangerous and deadly pest of many palm trees, and there have been reports of its recent detection in france, greece and italy. at present, emphasis is on the development of integrated pest management based on biological control rather than on chemical insecticides, however the success of both systems is often insufficient. in this regard, rpw appears to be one pest that is very difficult to c ... | 2010 | 21147119 |
| decomposition rates and residue-colonizing microbial communities of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein cry3bb-expressing (bt) and non-bt corn hybrids in the field. | despite the rapid adoption of crops expressing the insecticidal cry protein(s) from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), public concern continues to mount over the potential environmental impacts. reduced residue decomposition rates and increased tissue lignin concentrations reported for some bt corn hybrids have been highlighted recently as they may influence soil carbon dynamics. we assessed the effects of mon863 bt corn, producing the cry3bb protein against the corn rootworm complex, on these aspects ... | 2010 | 21148693 |
| pollen- and seed-mediated transgene flow in commercial cotton seed production fields. | characterizing the spatial patterns of gene flow from transgenic crops is challenging, making it difficult to design containment strategies for markets that regulate the adventitious presence of transgenes. insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton is planted on millions of hectares annually and is a potential source of transgene flow. | 2010 | 21152426 |
| spinosad as an effective larvicide for control of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti, vectors of dengue in southern mexico. | field trials were conducted during the wet and dry seasons in periurban and semi-rural cemeteries in southern mexico to determine the efficacy of a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad (tracer 480sc) on the inhibition of development of aedes albopictus l. and ae. aegypti skuse. for this, oviposition traps were treated with spinosad (1 or 5 mg l(-1)), bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti, vectobac 12as), a sustained release formulation of temephos and a water control. | 2010 | 21162151 |
| persistence of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) in the environment induces resistance to multiple bti toxins in mosquitoes. | the simultaneous production of six different toxins by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) is thought to delay the evolution of resistance in treated mosquito populations. recent studies have shown that bti can persist and proliferate in the environment, thereby imposing continuous selective pressure on mosquito populations, raising concerns about the long-term effectiveness of this bioinsecticide. in order to evaluate the effect of bti persistence on the evolution of resistance, the author ... | 2010 | 21162152 |
| modular columns to study depth-dependence behavior of mosquito larvae and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | modular transparent column system was designed to study depth-dependence behavior of mosquito larvae. the system was used in preliminary experiments to evaluate the effect of water depth on the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de barjac against bottom feeder larvae of aedes aegypti (linn.) (diptera: culicidae), and suggestions for increasing the efficiency of the device are discussed. | 2010 | 21167119 |
| developmental penalties associated with inducible tolerance in helicoverpa armigera to insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | exposure of insect larvae to sublethal concentrations of crystal toxins from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt toxins) causes the induction of immune and metabolic responses that can be transmitted to offspring by epigenetic inheritance mechanisms. given that the elevated immune status carries significant developmental penalties, we wanted to establish the relationships between immune induction, tolerance to the toxin and developmental penalties. a laboratory culture of helicoverpa a ... | 2010 | 21169448 |
| sero-biochemical studies in sheep fed with bt cotton plants. | an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological effects, if any, due to feeding of bt (bacillus thuringiensis) cotton plants to sheep. a total of 32 sheep of one year of age belonging to deccani breed were randomly divided into four groups, consisting of eight sheep in each group. group 1 was maintained on basal diet (concentrate feed at the rate of 300 g + green fodder at the rate of 3 kg/sheep/day), group 2 on non-bt cotton plant at the rate of 1.5 kg + green fodder at the ra ... | 2010 | 21170255 |
| bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) and anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | samples of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were collected from soil and insects. eight isolates were selected from rural soil, 15 from urban soil and 11 from insects. these were evaluated for entomopathogenicity against larvae of anticarsia gemmatalis and culex quinquefasciatus. the pathogenicity tests showed that a higher percentage of isolates were active against a. gemmatalis (60%) compared to c. quinquefasciatus (31%). probit analysis (lc₅₀) indicated that against a. gemmatalis four of the i ... | 2010 | 21180911 |
| evaluation of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the aim of this study was to determine the potency (itu) and efficacy of a liquid formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis developed by the state university of londrina named biouel, against early fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. the itu/mg of biouel was 960, the lc₅₀ was of 0.271 (± 0.39) ppm, and the lc₉₅ was 0.634 (± 0.099) ppm, in larvae of c. quinquefasciatus. in a. aegypti larvae, lc₅₀ was 0.332 (± 0.042) ppm and lc₉₅ was 0.694 (± 0.073) ppm. the i ... | 2010 | 21180922 |
| [the reemergence of the chikungunya virus in réunion island on 2010: evolution of the mosquito control practices.] | the re-emergence of local transmission of chikungunya virus caused by aedes albopictus since march 2010 in the réunion island, french territory in the southwest indian ocean, calls for better epidemiological surveys, vector control, and community-based chikungunya control. this paper describes the strategy and the new ways of vector control applied since the last major chikungunya virus outbreak in 2005-2007, and the high levels of collaboration with mayors and local associations for community i ... | 2010 | 21181327 |
| effect of bt broccoli and resistant genotype of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) on development and host acceptance of the parasitoid diadegma insulare (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | the ecological implications on biological control of insecticidal transgenic plants, which produce crystal (cry) proteins from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt), remain a contentious issue and affect risk assessment decisions. in this study, we used a unique system of resistant insects, bt plants and a parasitoid to critically evaluate this issue. the effects of broccoli type (normal or expressing cry1ac protein) and insect genotype (susceptible or cry1ac-resistant) of plutella xylo ... | 2010 | 21181494 |
| microfluidic module for automated isolation and purification of nucleic acids from biological samples. | | 2010 | 21184296 |
| bioefficacy of insecticides against leucinodes orbonalis on brinjal. | studies on bioefficacy of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, leucinodes orbonalis guenee on brinjal were carried out during 2007 and 2008. the results on bioefficacy of insecticides showed that in terms of shoot infestation, emamectin benzoate (0.002%), endosulfan (0.05%), novaluron (0.01%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (0.004%) were found superior. the total number of drooping shoots was minimum (4.17) in emamectin benzoate followed by endosulfan (6.83) and novaluron (7.00), as compar ... | 2010 | 21186709 |
| an abc transporter mutation is correlated with insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin. | transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are commercially successful in reducing pest damage, yet knowledge of resistance mechanisms that threaten their sustainability is incomplete. insect resistance to the pore-forming cry1ac toxin is correlated with the loss of high-affinity, irreversible binding to the mid-gut membrane, but the genetic factors responsible for this change have been elusive. mutations in a 12-cadherin-domain protein confer some cry1ac res ... | 2010 | 21187898 |
| evaluation of phenotypic and pcr-based approaches for routine analysis of bacillus cereus group foodborne isolates. | identification of bacillus cereus sensu stricto is a challenge for the food industry since it is being increasingly reported as implicated in many foodborne outbreaks. so far no conclusive microbiological or biochemical traits have been described for their specific differentiation. here a polyphasic approach aiming at identification of new isolates is presented. it was conducted on a total of 75 strains, 59 bacillus cereus group (29 reference strains and 30 food and environmental isolates) and 1 ... | 2010 | 21191654 |
| viability of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis spores as a model for predicting the fate of bacillus anthracis spores during composting of dead livestock. | safe disposal of dead livestock and contaminated manure is essential for the effective control of infectious disease outbreaks. composting has been shown to be an effective method of disposal, but no information exists on its ability to contain diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria, such as bacillus anthracis. duplicate composters (east and west), each containing 16 dead cattle, were constructed (final capacity, 85,000 kg). spores (10(7) cfu/g manure) of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus t ... | 2010 | 21193674 |
| a semi-quantitative approach to gmo risk-benefit analysis. | in many countries there are increasing calls for the benefits of genetically modified organisms (gmos) to be considered as well as the risks, and for a risk-benefit analysis to form an integral part of gmo regulatory frameworks. this trend represents a shift away from the strict emphasis on risks, which is encapsulated in the precautionary principle that forms the basis for the cartagena protocol on biosafety, and which is reflected in the national legislation of many countries. the introduction ... | 2011 | 21197601 |
| the influence of fertilizer level and spore density on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of transgenic bt 11 maize (zea mays) in experimental microcosms. | crop plants genetically modified for the expression of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal toxins have broad appeal for reducing insect damage in agricultural systems, yet questions remain about the impact of bt plants on symbiotic soil organisms. here, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) colonization of transgenic maize isoline bt 11 (expressing cry1ab) and its non-bt parental line (providence) was evaluated under different fertilizer level and spore density scenarios. in a three-way facto ... | 2010 | 21198682 |
| molecular characterization of three genes encoding aminopeptidases n in the poplar leaf beetle chrysomela tremulae. | three genes encoding proteins showing sequence similarity and features typical of insect apns were characterized in c. tremulae and designed as ctapn1, ctapn2 and ctapn3. expression analysis of the three c. tremulae apn genes showed that ctapn2 transcript is more abundant in the fat body, whereas both ctapn1 and ctapn3 are specifically expressed in the midgut. despite a similar genomic organization, lepidopteran and coleopteran apns are phylogenetically distant, suggesting that apn gene duplicat ... | 2011 | 21205278 |
| modelling in the light of uncertainty of key parameters: a call to exercise caution in field predictions of bt-maize effects. | | 2011 | 21208960 |
| the usefulness of a mathematical model of exposure for environmental risk assessment. | | 2011 | 21208963 |
| multiple receptors as targets of cry toxins in mosquitoes. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produces inclusions that are composed of proteins known as crystal proteins or cry toxins. due to their high specificity and their safety to humans and the environment, these cry toxins are considered to be valuable alternatives to chemical pesticides in insect control programs. it is believed that cry toxin-induced membrane pore formation is responsible for insect toxicity. the molecular mechanism of pore formation involves recognition and subsequent binding of the t ... | 2011 | 21210704 |
| synergism between wild-type bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and b. sphaericus strains: a study based on isobolographic analysis and histopathology. | prevention is the best resistance management strategy in integrated vector control programs. combined use of insecticides of different classes that interact synergistically and show multi-site actions within the insect is recognized as a potential key strategy to be implemented even before the onset of resistance. the present study is aimed at harvesting the benefits of synergism between the wild-type bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis-h14 (bti) and bacillus sphaericus-2362 (bs) strains b ... | 2011 | 21211506 |
| field efficacy of new larvicide products for control of multi-resistant aedes aegypti populations in martinique (french west indies). | world-wide dengue vector control is hampered by the spread of insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti. we report the resistance status of a wild ae. aegypti population from martinique (vauclin) to conventional larvicides (bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis [bti] and temephos) and potential alternatives (spinosad, diflubenzuron, and pyriproxyfen). the efficacy and residual activity of these insecticides were evaluated under simulated and field conditions. the vauclin strain exhibited a high ... | 2011 | 21212213 |
| relationship between plasmid loss and gene expression in bacillus thuringiensis. | the large genome of bacillus thuringiensis was shortened by provoking plasmid loss, and the effect of such loss on the expression of both chromosomal and plasmid-harboured genes was studied. it was evidenced that the genomic material shortening of b. thuringiensis allows for the improvement of the expression of some of the constructive genes. indeed, it was shown that curing was an efficient tool to obtain mutant strains with better expression of chromosomal genes. in fact, totally cured strains ... | 2011 | 21212955 |
| genetic variation in fitness parameters associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in male and female trichoplusia ni. | resistance of insects to insecticides is often associated with reduced fitness in the absence of selection. we examined fitness trade-offs associated with resistance to the microbial insecticide, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), across full-sib families in a resistant population of trichoplusia ni. significant genetic variation in and heritability of susceptibility to bt occurred among the full-sib families. male pupal weight was positively correlated with bt susceptibility, indicating a potential f ... | 2011 | 21219907 |
| newsmaker: biocentury transgene. | | 2011 | 21221089 |
| bacillus gaemokensis sp. nov., isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment from the yellow sea. | a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming organism, strain bl3-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediments of the yellow sea in the region of tae-an. a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the bacillus cereus group, and is closely related to bacillus mycoides (99.0% similarity), bacillus thuringiensis (99.0%), bacillus weihenstephanensis (99.0%), bacillus cereus (98.9%), bacillus anthracis (98.8%), and bacillus pseudomycoides (98.1%). the phylogenetic d ... | 2010 | 21221948 |
| development and characterisation of transgenic rice expressing two bacillus thuringiensis genes. | background: transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) were first commercialised in 1996. the risk that pests have the potential to evolve resistance to bt toxins is one of the most serious challenges to this technology. gene stacking, pyramiding two bt genes into one variety, is considered to be an effective insect resistance management (irm) strategy. in this study, insect-resistant rice expressing two bt genes was developed by sex ... | 2011 | 21226009 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a* accumulating in chloroplasts. | an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a*. vip3a* and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35. of 42 independent transformants, 36 were positive for the vip3a* or tvip3a* gene. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a*, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a*) we ... | 2011 | 21246398 |
| translocation and insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis living inside of plants. | the major biological pesticide for the control of insect infestations of crops, bacillus thuringiensis was found to be present naturally within cotton plants from fields that had never been treated with commercial formulations of this bacterium. the ability of b. thuringiensis to colonize plants as an endophyte was further established by the introduction of a strain marked by production of green fluorescent protein (gfp). after inoculation of this preparation close to the roots of cotton and cab ... | 2009 | 21255282 |
| induction of natural competence in bacillus cereus atcc14579. | natural competence is the ability of certain microbes to take up exogenous dna from the environment and integrate it in their genome. competence development has been described for a variety of bacteria, but has so far not been shown to occur in bacillus cereus. however, orthologues of most proteins involved in natural dna uptake in bacillus subtilis could be identified in b. cereus. here, we report that b. cereus atcc14579 can become naturally competent. when expressing the b. subtilis comk prot ... | 2008 | 21261842 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa protoxin and protease inhibitors against coleopteran storage pests. | environmental impacts and resistance to insecticides pose serious challenges to stored-product insect and other types of pest control. insect-resistant transgenic grain is a potential alternative to fumigants, but candidate control proteins are needed, especially for coleopterans. therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a coleopteran-active toxin, bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa, with or without protease inhibitors, in laboratory feeding assays against coleopteran storage pests. | 2011 | 21268232 |
| response of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar to transgenic poplar, populus simonii x p. nigra, expressing fusion protein gene of the spider insecticidal peptide and bt-toxin c-peptide. | the response of the asian gypsy moth lymantria dispar (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) to a fusion gene consisting of the spider, atrax robustus simon (araneae: hexanthelidae) ω-actx-ar1 sequence coding for an ω-atracotoxin and a sequence coding for the bt-toxin c-peptide, expressed in transgenic poplar populus simonii x p. nigra l. (malphigiales: salicaceae) was investigated. individual performance, feeding selection, midgut proteinase activity and nutrition utilization were monitored. the grow ... | 2010 | 21268699 |
| [effect of quorum sensing response regulator nprr deletion on expression of cry protein in bacillus thuringiensis]. | the role of quroum sensing response regulator nprr on the expression of cry protein in b. thuringiensis hd-73 was studied. | 2010 | 21268903 |
| the role of dna binding with the cry8ea1 toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | the cry8ea1 protoxin is a dna-protein complex. both forms of the cry8ea1 toxin (with or without dna binding) were obtained separately, and their stability and ability to insert into a phospholipid monolayer in vitro were compared. the presence of dna can prevent the toxin from aggregation. data regarding the penetration of the cry8ea1 toxin and cry8ea1 toxin-dna complex into the air/water interface without a phospholipid monolayer show that the cry8ea1 toxin-dna complex is more likely to move to ... | 2011 | 21276047 |
| isolation of novel bacillus species showing high mosquitocidal activity against several mosquito species. | two novel mosquitocidal bacteria, vb17 and vb24, identified as new bacillus species were isolated from dead mosquito larvae obtained in florida aquatic habitats. gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (gc-fame) and 16s rrna sequencing indicated that vb24 is closely related to bacillus sphaericus whereas vb17 does not have a close relationship with either bacillus thuringiensis or b. sphaericus. both isolates were significantly more active than b. sphaericus 2362 against aedes t ... | 2011 | 21276795 |
| determination of plasmid copy number reveals the total plasmid dna amount is greater than the chromosomal dna amount in bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used bacterial bio-insecticide, and most insecticidal crystal protein-coding genes are located on plasmids. most strains of b. thuringiensis harbor numerous diverse plasmids, although the plasmid copy numbers (pcns) of all native plasmids in this host and the corresponding total plasmid dna amount remains unknown. in this study, we determined the pcns of 11 plasmids (ranging from 2 kb to 416 kb) in a sequenced b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ybt- ... | 2011 | 21283584 |
| [essential expression and inducible synthesis polymorphism of chitinase in bacillus thuringiensis]. | chitinases were produced by a lot of microorganisms. chitinase gene expression in most of the chitinase producing bacteria was inducible by chitin. low levels of chitinase were observed in the presence of glucose. to date, however, the regulation of such chitinase gene in bacillus thuringiensis had not been well studied. in this paper, all 77 bacillus thuringiensis strains were grown in the medium with or without chitin. we measured quantitatively the chitinase activity of the cultures. moreover ... | 2010 | 21284213 |
| germinant generation from d-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis strain 1.1. | the novel finding of this study is that the d-endotoxin present in the spore coat of bacillus thuringiensis strain 1.1 (bt1.1), plays a central role in spore germination by generation of germinant via its ß-glucosidase activity and is based on the following: (i) the crystals of bt1.1 consist of the 140 kda d-endotoxin which exhibits ß-glucosidase enzymatic activity. besides crystals, d-endotoxin is also located in the spore coat and at this site displays ß-glucosidase activity, resulting in gluc ... | 2011 | 21286721 |
| cost-effective production of bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides by solid-state fermentation using wastewater sludge: effects of heavy metals. | this study demonstrated the feasibility to produce bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk) based biopesticides using wastewater sludge as raw materials under solid-state fermentation (ssf). more than 10(10) cfu/g viable cells of btk were obtained using sludge or its mixture with agricultural wastes. this study well considered the effect of heavy metals on btk growth and their changes of chemical speciation caused by ssf. the ic(50) (concentration causing 50% inhibition in total cell biomass ... | 2010 | 21295967 |
| immunological and metabolomic impacts of administration of cry1ab protein and mon 810 maize in mouse. | we have investigated the immunological and metabolomic impacts of cry1ab administration to mice, either as a purified protein or as the cry1ab-expressing genetically modified (gm) mon810 maize. humoral and cellular specific immune responses induced in balb/cj mice after intra-gastric (i.g.) or intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration of purified cry1ab were analyzed and compared with those induced by proteins of various immunogenic and allergic potencies. possible unintended effects of the genetic ... | 2011 | 21298004 |
| isolation and characterization of phages infecting bacillus cereus. | to isolate and characterize bacteriophages (phages) that infect the foodborne pathogen bacillus cereus. | 2011 | 21299576 |
| interaction of the bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins cry1ac and cry3aa with the gut of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). | hemipteran pests including aphids are not particularly susceptible to the effects of insecticidal cry toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. we examined the physiological basis for the relatively low toxicity of cry1ac and cry3aa against the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). cry1ac was efficiently hydrolyzed by aphid stomach membrane associated cysteine proteases (cp) producing a 60kda mature toxin, whereas cry3aa was incompletely processed and partially degraded. cry1a ... | 2011 | 21300068 |
| improvement of bioinsecticides production by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strains in response to various stresses in low cost medium. | the use of bioinsecticides, particularly those produced by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strains, has been shown to be a good alternative in pest management. two types of sporeless mutants were distinguished. the asporogenic mutants which completely lack spores produce a regular bipyramidal crystal inclusion. the oligosporogenic mutants kept the ability to produce insecticidal crystal proteins. however, sporulation in such mutants was not totally blocked and very few of them could still produ ... | 2011 | 21305292 |
| host-parasite local adaptation after experimental coevolution of caenorhabditis elegans and its microparasite bacillus thuringiensis. | coevolving hosts and parasites can adapt to their local antagonist. in studies on natural populations, the observation of local adaptation patterns is thus often taken as indirect evidence for coevolution. based on this approach, coevolution was previously inferred from an overall pattern of either parasite or host local adaptation. many studies, however, failed to detect such a pattern. one explanation is that the studied system was not subject to coevolution. alternatively, coevolution occurre ... | 2011 | 21307053 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins bound specifically to various proteins via domain iii, which had a galactose-binding domain-like fold. | cry toxins have been reported to bind not only to receptors on insect cells but also to several unrelated proteins. in this study, we investigated the binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins, focusing on domain iii, a cry toxin region with a structure that of the galactose-binding domain-like. cry1aa, cry1ac, and cry8ca specifically bound to several proteins unrelated to insect midgut cells. cry1aa binding to cry toxin-binding proteins was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody, 2c2, ... | 2011 | 21307569 |
| antixenosis in maize reduces feeding by western corn rootworm larvae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | sum2162 is the first known example of a naturally occurring maize, zea mays l., genotype with antixenosis (nonpreference) resistance to western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), larval feeding. behavioral responses of neonate western corn rootworm larvae were evaluated in laboratory bioassays with seven maize genotypes selected for native resistance to rootworm feeding damage. two susceptible maize genotypes and one transgenic (bacillus thuringien ... | 2010 | 21309225 |
| reducing the impact of pesticides on biological control in australian vineyards: pesticide mortality and fecundity effects on an indicator species, the predatory mite euseius victoriensis (acari: phytoseiidae). | laboratory bioassays on detached soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., leaves were used to test 23 fungicides, five insecticides, two acaricides, one herbicide, and two adjuvants on a key australian predatory mite species euseius victoriensis (womersley) in "worst-case scenario" direct overspray assays. zero- to 48-h-old juveniles, their initial food, and water supply were sprayed to runoff with a potter tower; spinosad and wettable sulfur residues also were tested. tests were standardized to deliver ... | 2010 | 21309226 |
| characteristics of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in a strain of helicoverpa punctigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) isolated from a field population. | in 1996, the australian cotton industry adopted ingard that expresses the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin gene cry1ac and was planted at a cap of 30%. in 2004-2005, bollgard ii, which expresses cry1ac and cry2ab, replaced ingard in australia, and subsequently has made up >80% of the area planted to cotton, gossypium hirsutum l. the australian target species helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and helicoverpa punctigera (wallengren) are innately moderately tolerant to bt toxins, but the absence of a ... | 2010 | 21309238 |
| vip3aa tolerance response of helicoverpa armigera populations from a cry1ac cotton planting region. | transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., that expresses the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac toxin, holds great promise in controlling target insect pests. evolution of resistance by target pests is the primary threat to the continued efficacy of bt cotton. to thwart pest resistance evolution, a transgenic cotton culitvar that produces two different bt toxins, cry1ac and vip3a genes, was proposed as a successor of cry1ac cotton. this article reports on levels of vip3aa tolerance in helicoverp ... | 2010 | 21309241 |
| mortality of western corn rootworm larvae on mir604 transgenic maize roots: field survivorship has no significant impact on survivorship of f1 progeny on mir604. | mortality of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, larvae due to mir604 transgenic corn, zea mays l., expressing the modified cry3a (mcry3a) protein relative to survivorship on corn with the same genetic background without the gene (isoline corn) was evaluated at three missouri sites in both 2005 and 2006. we made these comparisons by using wild-type western corn rootworm at three different egg densities (6,000, 3,000, and 1,500 eggs per m) so that the role of density-de ... | 2010 | 21309243 |
| improvement of bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticide production by sporeless and sporulating strains using response surface methodology. | statistical experimental designs, involving a plackett-burman design followed by a rotatable central composite design were used to optimize the culture medium constituents for bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticide production. this was carried out by using firstly an asporogenic strain and extrapolated to some sporeless and sporulating strains. initial screening of production parameters was performed and the variables with statistically significant effects on delta-endotoxin production were ident ... | 2011 | 21310269 |
| dna probe functionalized qcm biosensor based on gold nanoparticle amplification for bacillus anthracis detection. | the rapid detection of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, has gained much attention since the anthrax spore bioterrorism attacks in the united states in 2001. in this work, a dna probe functionalized quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) biosensor was developed to detect b. anthracis based on the recognition of its specific dna sequences, i.e., the 168 bp fragment of the ba813 gene in chromosomes and the 340 bp fragment of the pag gene in plasmid pxo1. a thiol dna probe was ... | 2011 | 21315574 |
| adsorption on montmorillonite prevents oligomerization of bt cry1aa toxin. | the adsorption of the insecticidal cry1aa protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt-toxin) on a model clay surface was studied to understand the structural changes of the protein induced by the clay surface. we studied the adsorption of the monomeric and soluble oligomeric forms of the cry1aa toxin as a function of ph and ionic strength conditions on montmorillonite, which is an electronegative phyllosilicate. cry1aa secondary structure was determined from the amide i' ftir absorption profiles. ac ... | 2011 | 21316063 |
| temporal allocation of metabolic tolerance to transgenic bt cotton in beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner). | digestive and detoxification enzyme activity and nutrient composition were examined in the body of fourth instar beet armyworms, spodoptera exigua (hübner), fed on transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and non-bt cotton for different time periods. nutrient composition and specific enzyme activities differed significantly between the s. exigua fed bt vs. non-bt cotton. at 1, 6 and 24 h, free fatty acid and glucose levels were significantly lower in s. exigua fed on bt cotton than those fed on no ... | 2011 | 21318485 |
| bioterrorism: the effects of biological decontamination on the recovery of electronic evidence. | the investigation of a bioterrorism event will ultimately lead to the collection of vital data from electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones. this project sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation and formaldehyde gas as effective biological decontaminants, and the effect of these methods on the recovery of electronic evidence. electronic items were contaminated with viable spores and then exposed to both decontaminants. log values for each matrix were calculated with flash ... | 2011 | 21324616 |
| transgenic organisms expressing genes from bacillus thuringiensis to combat insect pests. | various subspecies (ssp.) of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are considered the best agents known so far to control insects, being highly specific and safe, easily mass produced and with long shelf life.1 the para-crystalline body that is produced during sporulation in the exosporium includes polypeptides named δ-endotoxins, each killing a specific set of insects. the different entomopathogenic toxins of various bt ssp. can be manipulated genetically in an educated way to construct more efficient tr ... | 2010 | 21326834 |
| bt-engineered bugs versus insect pests. | | 2010 | 21326839 |
| bacillus thuringiensis: a genomics and proteomics perspective. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a unique bacterium in that it shares a common place with a number of chemical compounds which are used commercially to control insects important to agriculture and public health. although other bacteria, including b. popilliae and b. sphaericus, are used as microbial insecticides, their spectrum of insecticidal activity is quite limited compared to bt. importantly, bt is safe for humans and is the most widely used environmentally compatible biopesticide worldwide. ... | 2010 | 21327125 |
| high sensitive detection of cry1ab protein using a quantum dot-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay. | protein-based detection methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and lateral flow strip, have been widely used for rapid, spot, and sensitive detection of genetically modified organisms (gmos). herein, one novel quantum dot-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (qd-flisa) was developed employing quantum dots (qds) as the fluorescent marker for the detection of the cry1ab protein in mon810 maize. the end-point fluorescent detection system was carried out using qds conjugated wit ... | 2011 | 21329353 |
| transcription of gene in an acrystalliferous strain of bacillus thuringiensis xbu001 positively regulated by the metalloprotease camelysin gene at the onset of stationary phase. | the caly gene, encoding metalloprotease camelysin in the bacillus thuringiensis acrystalliferous strain xbu001, was amplified and sequenced. the camelysin from the caly sequence was 199 amino acids in size (c. 22 000 da). the temperature-sensitive plasmid pkesx was used to construct a metalloprotease camelysin-deficient strain of b. thuringiensis. the caly gene was replaced by an erythromycin-resistant gene in kctf. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ms analysis showed ... | 2011 | 21332578 |
| the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis zq-89 encodes a toxin against long-horned beetle adult. | bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to many insects including coleopteran pests. however, there is no report that b. thuringiensis is toxic to the adults of long-horned beetle, batocera horsfieldi, a pest of poplar trees. this work aims to select a b. thuringiensis strain toxic towards the adults of asian long-horned beetle. | 2011 | 21332894 |