| immunological characterization of latent tuberculosis infection in a low endemic country. | the diagnosis of a latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) is based on detection of immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). the tuberculin skin test (tst), the quantiferon (qft) and a prolonged lymphocyte stimulation test using either esat-6/cfp-10 (lst-ec) or ppd (lst-ppd) were evaluated in a cohort of 495 individuals, suspected to have ltbi, in a low endemic country. while the tst and lst-ppd were both positive in the majority (75%) of individuals, only one third responded in the lst-e ... | 2017 | 28802407 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis from paraffin-embedded tissues by genexpert mtb/rif. | genexpert mtb/rif (xpert) assay, a rapid and automated system based on real-time pcr and molecular beacon technology, proved to be a sensitive and specific tool capable of detecting mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance in clinical specimens. in this study we provide a xpert-dedicated successful protocol for processing paraffin-embedded tissue and assess the feasibility of the xpert assay-based tuberculosis (tb) diagnosis on these specimens, thus proving the xpert assay as a valuabl ... | 2017 | 28802405 |
| sustained expression of devr/dosr during long-term hypoxic culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | devr/dosr is a key mediator of 'dormancy' adaptation in mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to gaseous stresses such as hypoxia that inhibit aerobic mode of respiration. in the present study, a temporal analysis over a 1 year period has revealed robust expression of representative devr regulon genes devr, hspx and tgs1, during long-term 'dormancy' adaptation to hypoxia. notably, a predominant proportion of long-term hypoxia-adapted bacteria were characterized by their inability to grow on sol ... | 2017 | 28802402 |
| differences in igg responses against infection phase related mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) specific antigens in individuals exposed or not to mtb correlate with control of tb infection and progression. | tuberculosis (tb) occurs in only 3-10% of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infected individuals, suggesting that natural immunity can contain mtb infection, although this remains poorly understood. next to t-cells, a potentially protective role for b-cells and antibodies has emerged recently. however, the mtb antigens involved remain ill-defined. here, we investigated in a tb-endemic setting igg levels against 15 mtb antigens, representing various phases of mtb infection and known to be potent h ... | 2017 | 28802401 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis myma is a tlr2 agonist that activate macrophages and a th1 response. | cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) is a major source of immunogenic proteins that can be tested as vaccine candidates. myma (rv3083), a 55 kda m.tb flavin containing monooxygenase, is involved in modification of mycolic acids during acidic shock following m.tb internalization in macrophage. in this study, we have investigated the role of this cell wall associated protein in activation of macrophages by toll like receptor (tlrs) engagement and subsequent signaling. our results showed ... | 2017 | 28802400 |
| lysx gene is differentially expressed among mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with different levels of virulence. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are mainly produced by epithelial cells and macrophages to eliminate infecting mycobacteria through direct antimicrobial activity and immunomodulation. indeed, it has been described that this line of defense is essential to control infection. however, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) has developed mechanisms to avoid amps activity, for instance lysx adds lysine residues to surface phospholipids changing their net charge, leading to the repelling of the amps. in the ... | 2017 | 28802397 |
| protein o-mannosylation deficiency increases lprg-associated lipoarabinomannan release by mycobacterium tuberculosis and enhances the tlr2-associated inflammatory response. | protein o-mannosylation is crucial for the biology of mycobacterium tuberculosis but the key mannosylated protein(s) involved and its(their) underlying function(s) remain unknown. here, we demonstrated that the m. tuberculosis mutant (δpmt) deficient for protein o-mannosylation exhibits enhanced release of lipoarabinomannan (lam) in a complex with lprg, a lipoprotein required for lam translocation to the cell surface. we determined that lprg is o-mannosylated at a unique threonine position by ma ... | 2017 | 28801649 |
| reply to valadares and woo: mechanism of rv2837c from mycobacterium tuberculosis remains controversial. | | 2017 | 28801353 |
| mechanism of rv2837c from mycobacterium tuberculosis remains controversial. | | 2017 | 28801352 |
| splenic tuberculosis and multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis. | serpiginoid multifocal choroiditis is a distinct morphological identity with a reported causal association with mycobacterium tuberculosis. we report a case of serpiginoid multifocal choroiditis in a 17-year-old boy who was suffering from isolated splenic tuberculosis. he was treated with systemic steroids along with anti-tubercular treatment with good visual recovery. this case was unique as no other organs except spleen and choroid showed tubercular involvement. we hereby emphasize association ... | 2017 | 28798995 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of second-line drugs resistance among multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in southwest of china. | this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) isolates resistant to the second-line antituberculosis drugs (slds) and its association with resistant-related gene mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) isolates from southwest of china. there were 81 isolates resistant to at least one of the slds among 156 mdr-tb isolates (81/156, 51.9%). the rates of general resistance to each of the drugs were as follows: ofx (66/156, 42.3%), kan (26/156, 16. ... | 2017 | 28798931 |
| the utility of immunohistochemistry in mycobacterial infection: a proposal for multimodality testing. | mycobacterium species are slow growing bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. because of the relative rarity of mycobacterial infections, potential for detection of nonpathogenic environmental contaminants, and substantial costs associated with molecular diagnostics, effective screening methods are needed to identify samples most suitable for molecular testing. while anatomic pathology specimens can be utilized to identify characteristic histologic inflammatory patter ... | 2017 | 28795999 |
| how long does antimycobacterial antibiotic-loaded bone cement have in vitro activity for musculoskeletal tuberculosis? | antibiotic-loaded bone cement is accepted as an effective treatment modality for musculoskeletal tuberculosis. however, comparative information regarding combinations and concentrations of second-line antimycobacterial drugs, such as streptomycin and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, are lacking. | 2017 | 28795294 |
| the potency of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) specific as immunotherapy to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | the aim of this study was to characterize of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (igys) specific as immunotherapy to mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) infection. lohmann laying hens were immunized intramuscularly with antigenic of mtbc. egg yolk was separated from egg white, and igy antibody was then purified by multiple polyethylene glycols 6000 extraction and ammonium sulfate purification steps. the igy anti-mtbc concentration in egg yolk increased at 2 weeks and it reached a maximum at 4 ... | 2017 | 28795022 |
| evaluation of genexpert mtb/rif for determination of rifampicin resistance among new tuberculosis cases in west and northwest iran. | despite a mycobacterium tuberculosis control programme and anti-tuberculosis drugs, drug-resistant tuberculosis (dr-tb) is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. rapid laboratory diagnosis of m. tuberculosis is needed for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant (mdr) tb and to find the optimal treatment protocol. the purpose of this study was to detect resistance to rifampicin in new cases of tb using the genexpert mtb/rif (m. tuberculosis/rifampicin) assay and the standard proport ... | 2017 | 28794886 |
| transmission is a noticeable cause of resistance among treated tuberculosis patients in shanghai, china. | it is generally believed that drug resistance among treated tuberculosis (tb) patients is as a result of acquired drug resistance due to inappropriate treatment. previous studies have shown that primary drug resistance caused by transmission also plays a role among treated cases. differentiating the two types of drug resistance will help in developing appropriate strategies for control of drug resistant tuberculosis. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that drug resistance among treated tb p ... | 2017 | 28794425 |
| characterization of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cells using mhc class ii tetramers reveals phenotypic differences related to hiv infection and tuberculosis disease. | a major challenge for the development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (tb) is that the attributes of protective cd4(+) t cell responses are still elusive for human tb. infection with hiv type 1 is a major risk factor for tb, and a better understanding of hiv-induced alterations of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cd4(+) t cells that leads to failed host resistance may provide insight into protective t cell immunity to tb. a total of 86 participants from a tb-endemic setting, eith ... | 2017 | 28794233 |
| membrane filtration is suitable to reliably eliminate mycobacterium tuberculosis from saliva for therapeutic drug monitoring. | tuberculosis (tb) remains an infectious disease of a worldwide concern.…. | 2017 | 28794182 |
| potential of high-affinity, slow off-rate modified aptamer (somamer) reagents for mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins as tools for infection models and diagnostic applications. | direct pathogen detection in blood to diagnose active tuberculosis (tb) has been difficult, due to low levels of circulating antigens or due to the lack of specific, high-affinity binding reagents and reliable assays with adequate sensitivity. we sought to determine whether slow off-rate modified aptamer (somamer) reagents with sub-nanomolar affinity for m. tuberculosis (mtb) proteins (antigen 85a, 85b, 85c, groes, groel2, dnak, cfp10, kad, cfp2, rpll and tpx) could be useful to diagnose tubercu ... | 2017 | 28794178 |
| optic disc swelling in a patient with tuberculous meningitis: a diagnostic challenge. | we discuss the diagnostic challenge in an adult patient presented with purely ocular symptoms diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis (tbm). a 38-year-old woman presented with bilateral painless blurring of vision. there were bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy and bilateral optic disc swelling. optic nerve function tests were normal. patient was lucid with no signs of meningism. brain imaging were normal. she had a positive mantoux test, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate but no clinical evidenc ... | 2017 | 28794092 |
| genotype mtbdrplus assay for screening and characterization of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance-associated mutations in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis from india. | multidrug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) is rising and world health organization has recommended the line probe assay (lpa) for screening. in this study we assess lpa at a tertiary care center from north india in 1758 samples from suspected mdr-tb cases. all smear positive and/or m.tuberculosis culture confirmed cases (n=1170) were subjected to genotype-mtbdr assay. amongst these the majority were retreatment cases, smear positive at diagnosis (n=637). mdr prevalence of 7.8% was observed with t ... | 2017 | 28793376 |
| ligation of dectin-2 with a novel microbial ligand promotes adjuvant activity for vaccination. | the development of vaccines against fungi and other intracellular microbes is impeded in part by a lack of suitable adjuvants. while most current vaccines against infectious diseases preferentially induce production of antibodies, cellular immunity is essential for the resolution of fungal infections. microbes such as fungi and mycobacterium tuberculosis require th17 and th1 cells for resistance, and engage the c-type lectin receptors including dectin-2. herein, we discovered a novel dectin-2 li ... | 2017 | 28793349 |
| cordyceps sinensis promotes immune regulation and enhances bacteriostatic activity of pa-824 via il-10 in mycobacterium tuberculosis disease. | pa-824 is a novel bicyclic nitroimidazole anti-tuberculosis (tb) drug. cordyceps sinensis (berk.) sacc. (cs) was proven to be a good immunomodulatory compound. this research aimed to investigate the effect of cs on pa-824 in mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) infected mice (female cba/j mice, 6 to 8 weeks of age and 20±2 g of weight). mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: pa-824, cs, pa-824+cs, and control. to verify the effect of pa-824 and cs on m.tb, after drug administration, mice lungs we ... | 2017 | 28793052 |
| bedaquiline and linezolid for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in pregnant woman. | a woman with extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with a drug regimen including linezolid and bedaquiline during her last 3 weeks of pregnancy gave birth to a child without abnormalities. no fetal toxicities were noted by 2 years after delivery. this drug combination might be safe during the late third trimester of pregnancy. | 2017 | 28792382 |
| [morphological signs of inflammatory activity in different clinical forms of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis]. | to determine whether the activity of tuberculous inflammation is associated with different clinical forms of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. | 2017 | 28791993 |
| prioritization of natural compounds against mycobacterium tuberculosis 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase: a combined in-silico and in-vitro study. | enormous efforts have been endeavored to develop inhibitors against the potential therapeutic target, mycobacterium tuberculosis 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (mtbdhqase) to combat resistance. over a dozen of small molecules have been crystallized to characterize the structural basis of the inhibition. however, the studies accomplished so far, have not incorporated all the essential interactions of these complexes simultaneously, to identify the novel inhibitors. therefore, an attempt was made to ... | 2017 | 28789944 |
| diagnosing diffuse lung disease in children in a middle-income country: the role of open lung biopsy. | a tertiary care hospital situated in a middle-income country with a high burden of tuberculosis (tb) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 2017 | 28786794 |
| catabolism of the cholesterol side chain in mycobacterium tuberculosis is controlled by a redox-sensitive thiol switch. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), is a highly successful human pathogen and has infected approximately one-third of the world's population. multiple drug resistant (mdr) and extensively drug resistant (xdr) tb strains and coinfection with hiv have increased the challenges of successfully treating this disease pandemic. the metabolism of host cholesterol by mtb is an important factor for both its virulence and pathogenesis. in mtb, the cholesterol side ch ... | 2017 | 28786661 |
| plasmid-based high-resolution melting analysis for accurate detection of rpob mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from moroccan patients. | rapid diagnosis of drug resistance in tuberculosis (tb) is pivotal for the timely initiation of effective antibiotic treatment to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains. the development of low-cost, rapid and robust methods for drug-resistant tb detection is highly desirable for resource-limited settings. | 2017 | 28784099 |
| guanine nucleotide exchange factor -h1 promotes inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular mycobacterial elimination in macrophages. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb), which causes tuberculosis, is a host-adapted intracellular pathogen that can live within macrophages owning to its ability to arrest phagolysosome biogenesis. the guanine nucleotide exchange factor h1 (gef-h1) may contribute to the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages through mediating the crosstalk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. its role in shigella infection has been determined but little is known about the role of gef-h1 in mycobacterial ... | 2017 | 28783414 |
| impact of larger sputum volume on xpert(®) mtb/rif assay detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in smear-negative individuals with suspected tuberculosis. | as a strategy to improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid-based testing in acid-fast bacilli (afb) negative samples, larger volumes of sputum (5-10 ml) were tested with xpert(®) mtb/rif from 176 individuals with smear-negative sputum undergoing tuberculosis evaluation. despite larger volumes, this strategy had a suboptimal sensitivity of 50% (4/8). | 2017 | 28783093 |
| in vitro activity of alpha-viniferin isolated from the roots of carex humilis against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | this study explores the antitubercular activity of α-viniferin, a bioactive phytochemical compound obtained from carex humilis. α-viniferin was active against both drug-susceptible and -resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis at mic50s of 4.6 μm in culture broth medium and mic50s of 2.3-4.6 μm inside macrophages and pneumocytes. in combination with streptomycin and ethambutol, α-viniferin exhibited an additive effect and partial synergy, respectively, against m. tuberculosis h37rv. α-vin ... | 2017 | 28782713 |
| asymmetric structure of the dimerization domain of phor, a sensor kinase important for the virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the phop-phor two-component system is essential for the virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and therefore represents a potential target for developing novel antituberculosis therapies. however, little is known about the mechanism by which this two-component system regulates the virulence. in this study, we demonstrated that a phor mutant mtb strain has phenotypes similar to those of a phop mutant, suggesting that phop and phor work in the same pathway to regulate mtb virulence. we dete ... | 2017 | 28782049 |
| targeting mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitivity to thiol stress at acidic ph kills the bacterium and potentiates antibiotics. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) must sense and adapt to immune pressures such as acidic ph during pathogenesis. the goal of this study was to isolate compounds that inhibit acidic ph resistance, thus defining virulence pathways that are vulnerable to chemotherapy. here, we report that the compound ac2p36 selectively kills mtb at acidic ph and potentiates the bactericidal activity of isoniazid, clofazimine, and diamide. we show that ac2p36 activity is associated with thiol stress and causes an e ... | 2017 | 28781126 |
| direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in respiratory specimen using abbott realtime mtb detection and rif/inh resistance assay. | abbott realtime mtb (abbott-rt) in conjunction with abbott realtime mtb rif/inh resistance (abbott-rif/inh) is a new, high-throughput automated nucleic acid amplification platform (abbott-mdr) for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and the genotypic markers for rifampicin (rif) and isoniazid (inh) resistance directly from respiratory specimens. this prospective study evaluated the diagnostic performance of this new platform for mtbc and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-t ... | 2017 | 28780247 |
| clinical diagnostic value of simultaneous amplification and testing for the diagnosis of sputum-scarce pulmonary tuberculosis. | since 20% of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) patients are asymptomatic, the early detection of ptb is a challenge particularly in sputum-scarce patients and diagnostic accuracy based solely on clinical characteristics and chest x-ray/ct scans are not always satisfactory. the ampsure simultaneous amplification and testing method for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (sat-tb assay) is an alternative approach to diagnose ptb. in the present study, we analyzed the usefulness of the sat-tb ass ... | 2017 | 28779754 |
| 2-n-arylthiazole inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | to develop agents for the treatment of infections caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, a novel phenotypic screen was undertaken that identified a series of 2-n-aryl thiazole-based inhibitors of intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis. analogs were optimized to improve potency against an attenuated bsl2 h37ra laboratory strain cultivated in human macrophage cells in vitro. the insertion of a carboxylic acid functionality resulted in compounds that retained potency and greatly improved microsoma ... | 2017 | 28778468 |
| discovery of new leads against mycobacterium tuberculosis using scaffold hopping and shape based similarity. | bm212 [1,5-diaryl-2-methyl-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-methyl-pyrrole] is a pyrrole derivative with strong inhibitory activity against drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacteria residing in macrophages. however, it was not pursued because of its poor pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile. our goal was to design and synthesize new antimycobacterial bm212 analogs with lower toxicity and better pharmacokinetic profile. using the scaffold hopping approach, three structurally diverse h ... | 2017 | 28778369 |
| preservation of sputum samples with cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) for tuberculosis cultures and xpert mtb/rif in a low-income country. | culture contamination with environmental bacteria is a major challenge in tuberculosis (tb) laboratories in hot and humid climate zones. we studied the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) preservation on culture results and performance of xpert mtb/rif. | 2017 | 28778186 |
| rapid laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. early diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples becomes important in the control of tb both for the treatment of patients and for curbing of disease transmission to the others in the community. the study objective was to perform ziehl-neelsen (zn) staining, fluorochrome staining, line probe assay (lpa), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for rapid detection of ... | 2017 | 28776530 |
| humoral immune responses in mice immunized with region of difference dna vaccine constructs of pumvc6 and pumvc7. | we aimed to study the antigen-specific antibody responses in mice immunized with recombinant dna vaccines constructs of pumvc6 and pumvc7, containing rd1 and rd9 genes of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2017 | 28776528 |
| fighting tuberculosis by drugs targeting nonreplicating mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. | current tuberculosis (tb) treatment requires 6 months of combination therapy with isoniazid (inh), rifampin (rif), pyrazinamide (pza), and ethambutol for active tb and 9 months of inh or 3 months of rifapentine (rfp) + inh for latent tb. the lungs of patients with active and latent tb contain heterogeneous mixtures of cellular and caseous granulomas harboring mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli ranging from actively replicating (ar) to nonreplicating (nr), phenotypically drug-resistant stages. se ... | 2017 | 28776518 |
| comprehensive definition of human immunodominant cd8 antigens in tuberculosis. | despite widespread use of the bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine, tuberculosis, caused by infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. as cd8(+) t cells are critical to tuberculosis host defense and a phase 2b vaccine trial of modified vaccinia ankara expressing ag85a that failed to demonstrate efficacy, also failed to induce a cd8(+) t cell response, an effective tuberculosis vaccine may need to induce cd8(+) t cells. however, little is ... | 2017 | 28775896 |
| malignant metastatic deposits in an immunocompromised patient-could this be tuberculosis? | we report the case of a 50-year-old female renal transplant patient who developed disseminated deposits initially diagnosed as metastatic malignancy of unknown primary. she declined a tissue diagnosis but subsequently developed recurrent sepsis and symptomatic unilateral pleural effusion. mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from pleural fluid. following introduction of anti-tuberculous medications, her symptoms improved rapidly and the progression of her disseminated deposits stabilized. tub ... | 2017 | 28775851 |
| an evaluation study on phenotypical methods and real-time pcr for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputa of two health centers in iran. | for further confirmation of the previous in-house real-time pcr and cyp 141 target as a rapid and cheap diagnostic technique and a new target for direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, we evaluated and compared the results of smear, culture and real-time pcr in sputa that were collected from 2 health centers. moreover we tried to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of phenotypical methods for detection of tuberculosis that have been applied in two health centers of iran. | 2017 | 28775822 |
| comparative proteomic profiles reveal characteristic mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins induced by cholesterol during dormancy conditions. | cholesterol has been reported to play an important role during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and during its dormant state inside the host. we present the determination of proteomic profiles of m. tuberculosis h37rv in the presence of cholesterol as the sole carbon source under exponential growth and in two in vitro dormancy phases (nrp1 and nrp2). using 2d-page, we detected that m. tuberculosis expressed a high diversity of proteins in both exponential and non-replicative phases. we also ... | 2017 | 28771131 |
| teixobactin and its analogues: a new hope in antibiotic discovery. | increasing bacterial resistance against current antibiotics and lack of new molecules to combat bacterial resistance are key challenges to global health. there is, therefore, a continuing need to develop new antibiotics. teixobactin, a cyclic undecapeptide, displays excellent antibacterial activities against a range of pathogenic bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and mycobacterium tuberculosis. interestingly, it operates by multiple modes of actions and is bact ... | 2017 | 28770988 |
| impact of childhood malnutrition on host defense and infection. | the global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. the synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, ... | 2017 | 28768707 |
| engaging the cd40-cd40l pathway augments t-helper cell responses and improves control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) impairs dendritic cell (dc) functions and induces suboptimal antigen-specific cd4 t cell immune responses that are poorly protective. mucosal t-helper cells producing ifn-γ (th1) and il-17 (th17) are important for protecting against tuberculosis (tb), but the mechanisms by which dcs generate antigen-specific t-helper responses during mtb infection are not well defined. we previously reported that mtb impairs cd40 expression on dcs and restricts th1 and th17 respo ... | 2017 | 28767735 |
| dendritic cells that phagocytose apoptotic macrophages loaded with mycobacterial antigens activate cd8 t cells via cross-presentation. | while homeostatic apoptosis is immunologically silent, macrophage apoptosis during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can potentially induce an immune response against the mycobacteria. to examine the role of dendritic cells in this response, macrophage apoptosis was induced by incubating the macrophage with cell wall extracts of mycobacteria expressing lpqh. the apoptogenic proteins of the cell wall extracts were engulfed by the macrophage and then were translocated from the cytosol to the nu ... | 2017 | 28767693 |
| isothermal point mutation detection: toward a first-pass screening strategy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | point mutations in dna are useful biomarkers that can provide critical classification of disease for accurate diagnosis and to inform clinical decisions. conventional approaches to detect point mutations are usually based on technologies such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or dna sequencing, which are typically slow and require expensive lab-based equipment. while rapid isothermal strategies such as recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) have been proposed, they tend to suffer ... | 2017 | 28766343 |
| tuberculous pericarditis treated with steroid in a dialysis patient. | mycobacterium tuberculosis has spread worldwide and its mortality rate had been very high. the prevention technology and antituberculosis (tb) chemotherapy has improved its prognosis. however, immunocompromised patients, such as those who had hiv infection, older age and on haemodialysis, are still at high risk of tb infection. tb pericarditis is a common cause of constrictive pericarditis and its mortality remains high. early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy are critical to impro ... | 2017 | 28765186 |
| multifocal tubercular dactylitis: a rare presentation of skeletal tuberculosis in an adult. | tubercular dactylitis is an uncommon form of osteo-articular tuberculosis seen in children. multifocal involvement, simultaneously involving hands and feet is extremely uncommon. here we report an adult patient with tubercular dactylitis involving multiple digits of both hands and second digit of right foot in absence of any risk factors like immunodeficiency or any debilitating condition. the patient was successfully treated with anti-tubercular drugs for six months. mycobacterium tuberculosis ... | 2017 | 28764233 |
| detecting new mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: time for a more nuanced interpretation of quantiferon conversions. | | 2017 | 28763239 |
| ribosome rescue inhibitors kill actively growing and nonreplicating persister mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. | the emergence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains that are resistant to most or all available antibiotics has created a severe problem for treating tuberculosis and has spurred a quest for new antibiotic targets. here, we demonstrate that trans-translation is essential for growth of mtb and is a viable target for development of antituberculosis drugs. we also show that an inhibitor of trans-translation, kkl-35, is bactericidal against mtb under both aerobic and anoxic conditions. biochem ... | 2017 | 28762275 |
| cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in lupus vulgaris caused by drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is still a major public health problem in the world, with many factors contributing to this burden, including poor living conditions, overcrowding, poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy, and rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection. cutaneous tuberculosis is a less common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and in this paucibacillary form the diagnosis depends on histopathology, tuberculin positivity, and response to treatment. the diagnosis is even more difficult in ... | 2017 | 28761842 |
| susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd oxidase mutants to compounds targeting the terminal respiratory oxidase, cytochrome c. | we deleted subunits i (cyda) and ii (cydb) of the mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd menaquinol oxidase. the resulting δcyda and δcydab mutants were hypersusceptible to compounds targeting the mycobacterial bc1 menaquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, and exhibited bioenergetic profiles indistinguishable from strains deficient in the abc-type transporter, cyddc, predicted to be essential for cytochrome bd assembly. these results confirm cydab and cyddc as potential targets for drugs aimed a ... | 2017 | 28760899 |
| in vitro isolation and characterization of oxazolidinone resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | oxazolidinones are promising candidates for the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. we isolated linezolid resistant strains from h37rv (euro-american) and hn878 (east-asian) strains; resistance frequency was similar in both strains. mutations were identified in ribosomal protein l3 (rplc) and the 23s rrna (rrl). all mutant strains were cross resistant to sutezolid; a subset were cross-resistant to chloramphenicol. mutations in rrl led to growth impairment and decreased fitness th ... | 2017 | 28760892 |
| genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis and transmission associated with first-line drug resistance: a first analysis in jalisco, mexico. | to analyze the frequency of gene mutations associated to drug resistant in clinical samples from population of the jalisco state (mexico) and then evaluate the genetic variability of tb and mdr-tb strains to describe the frequency of m. tuberculosis families. | 2017 | 28760681 |
| haem-based sensors of o2: lessons and perspectives. | haem-based sensors have emerged during the last 15 years as being a large family of proteins that occur in all kingdoms of life. these sensors are responsible mainly for detecting binding of o2, co and no and reporting the ligation status to an output domain with an enzymatic or macromolecule-binding property. a myriad of biological functions have been associated with these sensors, which are involved in vasodilation, bacterial symbiosis, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, among others. here, we ... | 2017 | 28760323 |
| mixed th1 and th2 mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cd4 t cell responses in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis from tanzania. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and helminth infections elicit antagonistic immune effector functions and are co-endemic in several regions of the world. we therefore hypothesized that helminth infection may influence mtb-specific t-cell immune responses. we evaluated the cytokine profile of mtb-specific t cells in 72 individuals with pulmonary tb disease recruited from two sub-saharan regions with high and moderate helminth burden i.e. 55 from tanzania (tz) and 17 from south africa (sa), respe ... | 2017 | 28759590 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration distributions for first- and second-line antimicrobials against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | we report the range of minimum inhibitory concentrations for six antimicrobial drugs in 228 clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) isolates from three distinct groups of patients (unselected patients, patients at high risk of drug-resistant tb and hiv-positive patients) in lima, peru. these data highlight the challenges of and discriminatory characteristics required for mtb drug susceptibility testing. | 2017 | 28759352 |
| differential recognition of mtb-specific epitopes as a function of tuberculosis disease history. | individuals with a history of tuberculosis disease are at elevated risk of disease recurrance. the underlying cause is not known, but one explanation is that previous disease results in less effective immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). | 2017 | 28759253 |
| off-label use of bedaquiline in children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | we describe 27 children and adolescents <18 years of age who received bedaquiline during treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. we report good treatment responses and no cessation attributable to adverse effects. bedaquiline could be considered for use with this age group for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis when treatment options are limited. | 2017 | 28758889 |
| bedaquiline and delamanid combination treatment of 5 patients with pulmonary extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. | we report the experiences of 5 patients taking bedaquiline with delamanid in combination: 1 patient was cured; 3 culture converted, with 2 continuing and 1 changing therapy; and 1 died from respiratory insufficiency. for 2 patients, qt-interval prolongation but no arrhythmias occurred. use of this therapy is justified for patients with limited options. | 2017 | 28758888 |
| diarylethenes display in vitro anti-tb activity and are efficient hits targeting the mycobacterium tuberculosis hu protein. | tuberculosis continues to be a great source of concern in global health because of the large reservoir of humans infected with the bacilli and the appearance of clinical isolates resistant to a wide array of anti-tuberculosis drugs. new drugs with novel mechanisms of action on new targets are urgently required to reduce global tuberculosis burden. mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleoid associated protein (nap) hu has been shown to be druggable and essential for the organism's survival. in this stud ... | 2017 | 28757569 |
| the incidence of subclinical forms of urogenital tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. | the aim of our study was to determine whether patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may have subclinical forms of urogenital tuberculosis. between 2011 and 2012, a prospective study was conducted. basic demographic parameters were recorded and the following investigations were performed: direct bacilloscopy of sputum, evaluation of affected lung fields and presence of cavities on chest x-ray, mantoux tuberculin skin test ii, and interferon gamma release assay. culture and molecular methods for my ... | 2017 | 28757299 |
| frequency of multi-drug resistance and mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from punjab state of india. | data regarding prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) and associated common mutations is scarce from punjab region. the study was designed to determine rate of mdr-tb among presumptive mdr-tb from punjab and mutation patterns using genotype mtbdrplus assay. total of 812 consecutive sputum samples were received from january 2012 to july 2013, from 14 districts of punjab at the national reference laboratory at new delhi for diagnosis of mdr-tb as hand holding activity. presumptiv ... | 2017 | 28756826 |
| rnomic identification and evaluation of npctb_6715, a non-protein-coding rna gene as a potential biomarker for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | technological advances in rna biology greatly improved transcriptome profiling during the last two decades. besides the discovery of many small rnas (srna) that are involved in the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of various cellular circuits, it becomes evident that the corresponding rna genes might also serve as potential biomarkers to monitor the progression of disease and treatment. srna gene candidate npctb_6715 was previously identified via experimental rnomic (unpublished d ... | 2017 | 28756649 |
| observed crowding effects on mycobacterium tuberculosis 2-trans-enoyl-acp (coa) reductase enzyme activity are not due to excluded volume only. | the cellular milieu is a complex and crowded aqueous solution. macromolecular crowding effects are commonly studied in vitro using crowding agents. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects, if any, of macromolecular synthetic crowding agents on the apparent steady-state kinetic parameters (k m , k cat , and k cat /k m ) of mycobacterium tuberculosis 2-trans-enoyl-acp (coa) reductase (inha). negligible effects on inha activity were observed for ficoll 70, ficoll 400 and dextran 70 ... | 2017 | 28754992 |
| pyrotyping, a novel pyrosequencing-based assay for mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping. | we developed a novel method, pyrotyping, for discrimination of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates combining pyrosequencing and is6110 polymorphism. a total of 100 isolates were analysed with is6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable number tandem repeats (miru-vntr), and pyrotyping. pyrotyping results regarding clustering or discrimination of the isolates were highly concordant with the other typing methods perf ... | 2017 | 28754991 |
| nitric oxide modulates macrophage responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through activation of hif-1α and repression of nf-κb. | ifn-γ is essential for control of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo. however, the mechanisms by which ifn-γ controls infection remain only partially understood. one of the crucial ifn-γ target genes required for control of m. tuberculosis is inducible no synthase (inos). although no produced by inos is thought to have direct bactericidal activity against m. tuberculosis, the role of no as a signaling molecule has been poorly characterized in the context m. tuberculosis in ... | 2017 | 28754681 |
| tuberculosis in children from diagnosis to decision to treat. | confirmation of tuberculosis (tb) in children is difficult, so clinicians use different procedures when deciding to treat. | 2017 | 28754530 |
| evaluation of omnigene®•sputum for tuberculosis sample processing and liquid culture at a hospital laboratory in india. | this preliminary evaluation examined the reagent omnigene®•sputum (om-s) as a tool to eliminate naoh/nalc processing prior to middlebrook liquid culture for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). twenty-seven manually split samples (om-s-treated vs. naoh/nalc) showed 100% agreement: 81.5% mtb-positive and 18.5% mtb-negative. on average, om-s-treated specimens required 1.2 additional days to culture positivity. | 2017 | 28754448 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis universal stress protein rv2623 interacts with the putative atp binding cassette (abc) transporter rv1747 to regulate mycobacterial growth. | we have previously shown that the mycobacterium tuberculosis universal stress protein rv2623 regulates mycobacterial growth and may be required for the establishment of tuberculous persistence. here, yeast two-hybrid and affinity chromatography experiments have demonstrated that rv2623 interacts with one of the two forkhead-associated domains (fha i) of rv1747, a putative atp-binding cassette transporter annotated to export lipooligosaccharides. fha domains are signaling protein modules that med ... | 2017 | 28753640 |
| imatinib-induced interstitial pneumonitis successfully switched to nilotinib in a patient with prior history of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | | 2017 | 28753128 |
| mannich ketones as possible antimycobacterial agents. | twenty-three known unsaturated and fused mannich ketones and their reduced derivatives (amino alcohols) were selected for an antituberculotic study. they were screened against several mycobacterial strains including mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. xenopi, and m. gordonae, and minimum inhibitory concentration values were also determined using the standard antituberculotic drug isoniazid (inh) as a reference. structure-activity relationships were also studied. the mode of action of the test compoun ... | 2017 | 28752666 |
| unique chemokine profiles of lung tissues distinguish post-chemotherapeutic persistent and chronic tuberculosis in a mouse model. | there is a substantial need for biomarkers to distinguish latent stage from active mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, for predicting disease progression. to induce the reactivation of tuberculosis, we present a new experimental animal model modified based on the previous model established by our group. in the new model, the reactivation of tuberculosis is induced without administration of immunosuppressive agents, which might disturb immune responses. to identify the immunological status of ... | 2017 | 28752079 |
| tuberculosis vaccines - perspectives from the nih/niaid mycobacteria vaccine testing program. | the development of novel vaccine candidates against infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis has highlighted our limited understanding of immune mechanisms required to kill m. tuberculosis. the induction of a th1 immunity is vital, but new studies are required to identify other mechanisms that may be necessary. novel vaccines formulations that invoke effector cells such as innate lymphoid cells may provide an environment that promote effector mechanisms including t cell and b cell mediated imm ... | 2017 | 28750280 |
| does repeated pleural culture increase the diagnostic yield of mycobacterium tuberculosis from tuberculous pleural effusion in hiv-negative individuals? | despite recent advances in methods for culturing mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the diagnostic yield of tuberculous pleural effusion (tbpe) remains unsatisfactory. however, unlike repeated sputum cultures of pulmonary tuberculosis, little is known about the role of repeated pleural cultures. we examined whether repeated pleural cultures are associated with increased mtb yield from tbpe. | 2017 | 28750069 |
| 2-aminoimidazoles potentiate ß-lactam antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis by reducing ß-lactamase secretion and increasing cell envelope permeability. | there is an urgent need to develop new drug treatment strategies to control the global spread of drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). the ß-lactam class of antibiotics is among the safest and most widely prescribed antibiotics, but they are not effective against m. tuberculosis due to intrinsic resistance. this study shows that 2-aminoimidazole (2-ai)-based small molecules potentiate ß-lactam antibiotics against m. tuberculosis. active 2-ai compoun ... | 2017 | 28749949 |
| substituted n-phenyl-5-(2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamides are valuable antitubercular candidates that evade innate efflux machinery. | tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, and the increased number of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains is a significant reason for concern. this makes the discovery of novel antitubercular agents a cogent priority. we have previously addressed this need by reporting a series of substituted 2-aminothiazoles capable to inhibit the growth of actively replicating, nonreplicating persistent, and resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. cl ... | 2017 | 28749666 |
| frequency and type of disputed rpob mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from south korea. | a disputed rpob mutation is a specific type of rpob mutation that can cause low-level resistances to rifampin (rif). here, we aimed to assess the frequency and types of disputed rpob mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from south korea. | 2017 | 28747960 |
| the role of n-acetyl transferases on isoniazid resistance from mycobacterium tuberculosis and human: an in silico approach. | n-acetyl transferase (nat) inactivates the pro-drug isoniazid (inh) to n-acetyl inh through a process of acetylation, and confers low-level resistance to inh in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). similar to nat of mtb, nat2 in humans performs the same function of acetylation. rapid acetylators, may not respond to inh treatment efficiently, and could be a potential risk factor, for the development of inh resistance in humans. | 2017 | 28747958 |
| lactation-based maternal educational immunity crosses mhc class i barriers and can impart th1 immunity to th2-biased recipients. | we have previously demonstrated lactational transfer of t cell-based immunity from dam to foster pup. in the short term, a significant part of transferred immunity is passive cellular immunity. however, as time progresses, this is replaced by what we have described as maternal educational immunity such that by young adulthood, all immune cells responding to a foster dam immunogen are the product of the foster pup's thymus. to reduce confounding factors, this original demonstration used congenic/ ... | 2017 | 28747348 |
| modulation of roquin function in myeloid cells reduces mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced inflammation. | damaging inflammation is a hallmark of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and understanding how this is regulated is important for the development of new therapies to limit excessive inflammation. the e3 ubiquitin ligase, roquin, is involved in immune regulation; however, its role in immunity to m. tuberculosis is unknown. to address this, we infected mice with a point mutation in roquin1/rc3h1 (sanroque). aerosol-infected sanroque mice showed enhanced control of m. tuberculosis infection ass ... | 2017 | 28747346 |
| a quantitative and efficient approach to select miru-vntr loci based on accumulation of the percentage differences of strains for discriminating divergent mycobacterium tuberculosis sublineages. | although several optimal mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (miru-vntr) loci have been suggested for genotyping homogenous mycobacterium tuberculosis, including the beijing genotype, a more efficient and convenient selection strategy for identifying optimal vntr loci is needed. here 281 m. tuberculosis isolates were analyzed. beijing genotype and non-beijing genotypes were identified, as well as beijing sublineages, according to single nucleotide polymorphi ... | 2017 | 28745309 |
| structural and inhibition analysis of novel sulfur-rich 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 1,2,3-triazole ligands against mycobacterium tuberculosis dpre1 enzyme. | mycobacterium tuberculosis decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase (mtbdpre1) acts in concert with decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2-epimerase (mtbdpre2) and catalyzes the epimerization of dpr into dpa. dpa is the sole precursor for synthesis of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan in the mycobacterial cell wall. mtbdpre1 is a unique antimalarial drug target and many covalent and non-covalent inhibitors against mtbdpre1 have been studied for their antituberculosis activities. in the current stu ... | 2017 | 28744747 |
| lactate oxidation facilitates growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) uses alveolar macrophages as primary host cells during infection. in response to an infection, macrophages switch from pyruvate oxidation to reduction of pyruvate into lactate. lactate might present an additional carbon substrate for mtb. here, we demonstrate that mtb can utilize l-lactate as sole carbon source for in vitro growth. lactate conversion is strictly dependent on one of two potential l-lactate dehydrogenases. a knock-out mutant lacking lldd2 (rv1872c) ... | 2017 | 28744015 |
| analysis of interactions of clinical mutants of catalase-peroxidase (katg) responsible for isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis with derivatives of isoniazid. | in order to identify good leads based on isoniazid (inh) derivatives against inh resistance, which is one of the major contributors to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) that hampers the success of tuberculosis treatment. mutations at codon 315 in the katg gene coding for catalase-peroxidase (katg) is the major cause for inh resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis(mtb). the most prevalent mutation at this codon is ser to thr substitution (s315t). the other substitutions include s315i, s ... | 2017 | 28743650 |
| drug resistance and mycobacterium tuberculosis strain diversity in tb/hiv co-infected patients in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | mycobacterium tuberculosis strain diversity and drug resistance among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in vietnam have not been described previously. | 2017 | 28743648 |
| extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in morocco. | extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (xdr-tb) has recently been identified as a major global health threat. the aim of the study was to evaluate the xdr-tb presence within tb isolates in morocco, and its association with the demographic, clinical and epidemiological features. | 2017 | 28743645 |
| limitations of the mycobacterium tuberculosis reference genome h37rv in the detection of virulence-related loci. | the genome sequence of mycobacterium tuberculosis strain h37rv is an important and valuable reference point in the study of m. tuberculosis phylogeny, molecular epidemiology, and drug-resistance mutations. however, it is becoming apparent that use of h37rv as a sole reference genome in analysing clinical isolates presents some limitations to fully investigating m. tuberculosis virulence. here, we examine the presence of single locus variants and the absence of entire genes in h37rv with respect ... | 2017 | 28743540 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis ppe44 (rv2770c) is involved in response to multiple stresses and promotes the macrophage expression of il-12 p40 and il-6 via the p38, erk, and nf-κb signaling axis. | tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a formidable threat to global public health. the successful intracellular persistence of m. tuberculosis significantly contributes to the intractability of tuberculosis. proline-glutamic acid (pe) and proline-proline-glutamic acid (ppe) are mycobacterial exclusive protein families that widely reported to be involved in the bacterial virulence, physiology and interaction with host. rv2770c (ppe44), a predicted virulence factor, was ... | 2017 | 28743081 |
| exploring the sponge consortium plakortis symbiotica-xestospongia deweerdtae as a potential source of antimicrobial compounds and probing the pharmacophore for antituberculosis activity of smenothiazole a by diverted total synthesis. | fractionation of the bioactive chcl3-meoh (1:1) extracts obtained from two collections of the sponge consortium plakortis symbiotica-xestospongia deweerdtae from puerto rico provided two new plakinidone analogues, designated as plakinidone b (2) and plakinidone c (3), as well as the known plakinidone (1), plakortolide f (4), and smenothiazole a (5). the structures of 1-5 were characterized on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic, ir, uv, and hrms analysis. the absolute configurations of plak ... | 2017 | 28742349 |
| phylogenetic characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in akita prefecture, japan, on the basis of the preliminary detection of beijing family strains. | | 2017 | 28740030 |
| cxcl1 and cxcl2 regulate nlrp3 inflammasome activation via g-protein-coupled receptor cxcr2. | inflammation is an extensively concerted process that confers protection to the host encountering immune insult. the major inflammatory mediators include il-1 family members, such as il-1β, and the functional activation of such molecules is arbitrated by their regulated cleavage brought about by components of a multiprotein complex called inflammasome. in this context, nlr family pyrin domain containing 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome activation often acts as a rate-limiting step in regulating critical c ... | 2017 | 28739876 |
| assessment of bactericidal drug activity and treatment outcome in a mouse tuberculosis model using a clinical beijing strain. | objectives:mycobacterium tuberculosis beijing strains are associated with lower treatment success rates in tuberculosis patients. in contrast, laboratory strains such as h37rv are often used in preclinical tuberculosis models. therefore, we explored the impact of using a clinical beijing strain on treatment outcome in our mouse tuberculosis model. additionally, the predictive value of bactericidal activity on treatment outcome was assessed.methods: balb/c mice were infected with a beijing strain ... | 2017 | 28739784 |
| co-administration of allopurinol to increase anti-mycobacterial efficacy of pyrazinamide: evaluation in a whole-blood bactericidal activity model. | co-administering pyrazinamide (pza) with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, increases systemic levels of the active metabolite, pyrazinoic acid (poa), but effects on bactericidal activity against tuberculosis are unknown. we randomized healthy volunteers to take a single dose of pza (either 10mg/kg or 25mg/kg) and the same dose 7 days later co-administered with allopurinol (100mg daily, 2 days before to 1 day after pza dose). blood was drawn at intervals to 48 hours after each pza dose ... | 2017 | 28739782 |
| pillars article: the kinetics of emergence and loss of mediator t lymphocytes acquired in response to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. j. immunol. 1987. 138: 293-298. | | 2017 | 28739593 |