| [determination of isoniazid sensitivity in mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | | 2015 | 24542790 |
| antitubercular activity of hydrazine derivatives of phenolic acids and aldehydes. | | 1953 | 24542413 |
| [determination of the rate of growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis and some of its applications]. | | 2016 | 24542595 |
| relationship of streptomycin sensitivity of m tuberculosis to the action of hydrazines of isonicotinic acid (rimifon and marsalid). | | 1952 | 24542086 |
| [rapid culture of acid-alcohol-fast bacteria from pathological material]. | | 2014 | 24542464 |
| cycloheximide (antibiotic acti-dione) as a fungicide in solid media for growing tubercle bacilli from sputum. | | 1952 | 24541730 |
| antibiotic sensitivity tests on microaerophilic bacteria and on strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, using compressed tablets. | | 1951 | 24541653 |
| a technique for t. b. sensitivity tests with wax-paper cups. | | 1951 | 24540947 |
| the determination of the sensitivity of myco. tuberculosis to streptomycin. | | 1951 | 16810919 |
| a slide-culture technique for determining streptomycin sensitivity of m. tuberculosis in sputum. | | 1951 | 16810918 |
| symbiosis in microbic cultures. | | 1950 | 24539315 |
| methods for the examination of sputum for the tubercle bacillus. | | 1950 | 24538451 |
| use of oleic acid-albumin agar medium for the study of streptomycin resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | | 1950 | 24537509 |
| [resistance of koch's bacilli to thiosemicarbazones; preliminary note]. | | 1950 | 24540304 |
| the action of streptomycin on fractions prepared from tubercle bacilli. | | 1950 | 24540211 |
| resistance to pas. | | 1950 | 24540210 |
| [streptomycin resistance in tubercle bacilli]. | | 1950 | 24540209 |
| [acquired resistance of tubercle bacilli to streptomycin]. | | 1950 | 24540207 |
| [metabolism of sensitive and resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | | 1950 | 24540205 |
| [tubercle bacilli and chemotherapeutic agents (antibiotics etc.); sensitivity, resistance and dependence]. | | 1950 | 24540204 |
| [streptomycin therapy and development of streptomycin resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | | 1950 | 24540203 |
| protein tagging, destruction and infection. | cells possess protein quality control mechanisms to maintain proper cellular homeostasis. in eukaryotes, the roles of the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of cellular proteins is well established. recent studies have elucidated protein tagging mechanisms in prokaryotes, involving transfer messenger rna (tmrna) and pupylation. in this review, newer insights and bioinformatics analysis of two distinct bacterial protein tagging machineries are discussed. the machinery for tmrna-me ... | 2017 | 28707598 |
| antituberculotic activity of actinobacteria isolated from the rare habitats. | a distinctive screening procedure resulted in the isolation and identification of antituberculotic actinobacteria. in this course, a total of 125 actinobacteria were isolated from various soil samples from untapped areas in northwestern himalayas, india. the antibacterial screening showed that 26 isolates inhibited the growth of at least one of the tested bacterial pathogens including staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), staphylococcus epidermidis (atcc 12228), bacillus subtilis (atcc 11774), mic ... | 2017 | 28699251 |
| a proteomic signature of dormancy in the actinobacterium micrococcus luteus. | dormancy is a protective state in which diverse bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylococcus aureus, treponema pallidum (syphilis), and borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease), curtail metabolic activity to survive external stresses, including antibiotics. evidence suggests dormancy consists of a continuum of interrelated states, including viable but nonculturable (vbnc) and persistence states. vbnc and persistence contribute to antibiotic tolerance, reemergence from latent infecti ... | 2017 | 28484042 |
| ras signaling inhibitors attenuate disease in adjuvant-induced arthritis via targeting pathogenic antigen-specific th17-type cells. | the ras family of gtpases plays an important role in signaling nodes downstream to t cell receptor and cd28 activation, potentially lowering the threshold for t-cell receptor activation by autoantigens. somatic mutation in nras or kras may cause a rare autoimmune disorder coupled with abnormal expansion of lymphocytes. t cells from rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients show excessive activation of ras/mek/erk pathway. the small molecule farnesylthiosalicylic acid (fts) interferes with the interacti ... | 2017 | 28736556 |
| sequence analysis of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of h1n1 strain from a patient coinfected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the 2009 h1n1 pandemic (h1n1pdm09) was associated with a considerable influenza-related morbidity and mortality. among the complications, mycobacterial tuberculosis was recorded as a coinfection with influenza in rare cases. the full-length sequences of the viral haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of h1n1pdm09 influenza a virus were analyzed from a recently infected patient. the patient was chronically infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. molecular modelling and in-silico docking of the virus ... | 2017 | 28499541 |
| evaluation of a taqman array card for detection of central nervous system infections. | infections of the central nervous system (cns) are often acute, with significant morbidity and mortality. routine diagnosis of such infections is limited in developing countries and requires modern equipment in advanced laboratories that may be unavailable to a number of patients in sub-saharan africa. we developed a taqman array card (tac) that detects multiple pathogens simultaneously from cerebrospinal fluid. the 21-pathogen cns multiple-pathogen tac (cns-tac) assay includes two parasites (ba ... | 2017 | 28404679 |
| multiplex paper-based colorimetric dna sensor using pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid-induced agnps aggregation for detecting mers-cov, mtb, and hpv oligonucleotides. | the development of simple fluorescent and colorimetric assays that enable point-of-care dna and rna detection has been a topic of significant research because of the utility of such assays in resource limited settings. the most common motifs utilize hybridization to a complementary detection strand coupled with a sensitive reporter molecule. here, a paper-based colorimetric assay for dna detection based on pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (acpcpna)-induced nanoparticle aggregation is reported a ... | 2017 | 28394582 |
| translational research in the nonhuman primate model of tuberculosis. | infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis predominantly establishes subclinical latent infection over the lifetime of an individual, with a fraction of infected individuals rapidly progressing to active disease. the immune control in latent infection can be perturbed by comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and coinfection with helminthes or hiv. modeling the varying aspects of natural infection remains incomplete when using zebrafish and mice. however, the nonhuman primate ... | 2017 | 28575319 |
| defective positioning in granulomas but not lung-homing limits cd4 t-cell interactions with mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages in rhesus macaques. | protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection requires cd4 t cells to migrate into the lung and interact with infected macrophages. in mice, less-differentiated cxcr3(+) cd4 t cells migrate into the lung and suppress growth of mtb, whereas cx3cr1(+) terminally differentiated th1 cells accumulate in the blood vasculature and do not control pulmonary infection. here we examine cd4 t-cell differentiation and lung homing during primary mtb infection of rhesus macaques. mtb-specific c ... | 2017 | 28745326 |
| an alert of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of rhesus macaques in a wild zoo in china. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (tb), is becoming increasingly recognized as an important cause of fatal chronic illnesses in china. in this study, we report an infectious disease among 84 rhesus macaques at a chinese zoo. their clinical signs and symptoms were very similar with the manifestations of tb in humans. to determine the potential pathogens of this outbreak, many methods were used. first, tuberculin skin tests showed that none of the monkeys displayed ... | 2017 | 28659540 |
| quantitative and qualitative inkt repertoire associations with disease susceptibility and outcome in macaque tuberculosis infection. | correlates of immune protection that reliably predict vaccine efficacy against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection are urgently needed. invariant nkt cells (inkts) are cd1d-dependent innate t cells that augment host antimicrobial immunity through production of cytokines, including interferon (ifn)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-α. we determined peripheral blood inkt numbers, their proliferative responses and inkt subset proportions after in vitro antigen expansion by α-galactosylceram ... | 2017 | 28610792 |
| positive correlation between ip-10 and ifn-γ levels in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) with either naturally acquired or experimental infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | numerous studies identify that ip-10 and ifn-γ are involved in leucocyte migration and activation and regarded as promising surrogate biomarkers in human and bovine tuberculosis infection, but there is lack of evidence for ip-10 in nonhuman primates. in this study, we directly determined ip-10 and ifn-γ levels in plasma from 30 healthy monkeys, 30 monkeys with naturally acquired tuberculosis, 4 monkeys experimentally infected with tuberculosis, and ppd stimulated whole blood of 14 monkeys with n ... | 2017 | 28512637 |
| prioritizing multiple therapeutic targets in parallel using automated dna-encoded library screening. | the identification and prioritization of chemically tractable therapeutic targets is a significant challenge in the discovery of new medicines. we have developed a novel method that rapidly screens multiple proteins in parallel using dna-encoded library technology (elt). initial efforts were focused on the efficient discovery of antibacterial leads against 119 targets from acinetobacter baumannii and staphylococcus aureus. the success of this effort led to the hypothesis that the relative number ... | 2017 | 28714473 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of indole core-based derivatives with potent antibacterial activity against resistant bacterial pathogens. | the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a growing clinical problem that poses difficult challenges in patient management. to exacerbate this problem, there is currently a serious lack of antibacterial agents that are designed to target extremely drug-resistant bacterial strains. here we describe the design, synthesis and antibacterial testing of a series of 40 novel indole core derivatives, which are predicated by molecular modeling to be potential glycosyltransferase inhibito ... | 2017 | 28465626 |
| role of ergothioneine in microbial physiology and pathogenesis. | l-ergothioneine is synthesized in actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, methylobacteria and some fungi. in contrast to other low molecular weight redox buffers, glutathione and mycothiol, ergothioneine is primarily present as a thione rather than a thiol at physiological ph, which makes it resistant to autoxidation. ergothioneine regulates microbial physiology and enables survival of the microbes under stressful conditions encountered in their natural environments. in particular, ergothioneine enables p ... | 2017 | 28791878 |
| post-tuberculosis mycetoma: bronchoscopic removal. | a 76-year-old male non-smoker presented to our institution with cough and haemoptysis. he had been treated for cavitatory pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis of the right upper lobe 10 years previously. chest radiograph and subsequent computed tomography (ct) of the chest demonstrated a right upper cavity containing a mass suspicious for mycetoma. flexible bronchoscopy under conscious sedation demonstrated a mass obstructing the anterior segment of the right upper lobe. the abnormality was subs ... | 2017 | 28580148 |
| metal homeostasis in bacteria: the role of arsr-smtb family of transcriptional repressors in combating varying metal concentrations in the environment. | bacterial infections cause severe medical problems worldwide, resulting in considerable death and loss of capital. with the ever-increasing rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the lack of development of new antibiotics, research on metal-based antimicrobial therapy has now gained pace. metal ions are essential for survival, but can be highly toxic to organisms if their concentrations are not strictly controlled. through evolution, bacteria have acquired complex metal-management systems tha ... | 2017 | 28512703 |
| identification of beta-lactamases and beta-lactam-related proteins in human pathogenic bacteria using a computational search approach. | a systematic analysis of beta-lactamases based on comparative proteomics has not been performed thus far. in this report, we searched for the presence of beta-lactam-related proteins in 591 bacterial proteomes belonging to 52 species that are pathogenic to humans. the amino acid sequences for 19 different types of beta-lactamases (act, carb, cifa, cmy, ctx, fox, ges, gob, imp, ind, kpc, len, okp, oxa, oxy, shv, tem, ndm, and vim) were obtained from the arg-annot database and were used to constru ... | 2017 | 28508147 |
| salicylaldehyde and dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives from the marine fungus zopfiella marina. | two salicylaldehyde derivatives (1 and 2), a hydroxymethylphenol (3), five dihydroisobenzofuran (4-8) derivatives, and a 5-chloro-3-deoxyisoochracinic acid (9), together with a known 3-deoxyisoochracinic acid (10) were isolated from the marine fungus zopfiella marina bcc 18240 (or nbrc 30420). the structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. compound 1 showed weak antituberculous activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra, and antibacterial activity a ... | 2017 | 28669223 |
| simultaneous detection of 13 key bacterial respiratory pathogens by combination of multiplex pcr and capillary electrophoresis. | lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. it is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. to compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and capillary electrophoresis (mpce) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influ ... | 2017 | 28807095 |
| trypanosoma infection favors brucella elimination via il-12/ifnγ-dependent pathways. | this study develops an original co-infection model in mice using brucella melitensis, the most frequent cause of human brucellosis, and trypanosoma brucei, the agent of african trypanosomiasis. although the immunosuppressive effects of t. brucei in natural hosts and mice models are well established, we observed that the injection of t. brucei in mice chronically infected with b. melitensis induces a drastic reduction in the number of b. melitensis in the spleen, the main reservoir of the infecti ... | 2017 | 28824630 |
| getting "inside" type i ifns: type i ifns in intracellular bacterial infections. | type i interferons represent a unique and complex group of cytokines, serving many purposes during innate and adaptive immunity. discovered in the context of viral infections, type i ifns are now known to have myriad effects in infectious and autoimmune disease settings. type i ifn signaling during bacterial infections is dependent on many factors including whether the infecting bacterium is intracellular or extracellular, as different signaling pathways are activated. as such, the repercussions ... | 2017 | 28529959 |
| in vitro synergistic effects of a short cationic peptide and clinically used antibiotics against drug-resistant isolates of brucella melitensis. | in the last few decades, increasing microbial resistance to common antibiotics has attracted researchers' attention to the development of new classes of antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides. accordingly, the aim of the current study was to evaluate antimicrobial effects of the cm11 peptide alone and combined with common antibiotics against drug-resistant isolates of brucella melitensis. | 2017 | 28699872 |
| discovery and biosynthesis of gladiolin: a burkholderia gladioli antibiotic with promising activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | an antimicrobial activity screen of burkholderia gladioli bcc0238, a clinical isolate from a cystic fibrosis patient, led to the discovery of gladiolin, a novel macrolide antibiotic with potent activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. gladiolin is structurally related to etnangien, a highly unstable antibiotic from sorangium cellulosum that is also active against mycobacteria. like etnangien, gladiolin was found to inhibit rna polymerase, a validated drug target in m. tuberculosis. how ... | 2017 | 28528545 |
| hydroxylamine-induced oxidation of ferrous carbonylated truncated hemoglobins from mycobacterium tuberculosis and campylobacter jejuni is limited by carbon monoxide dissociation. | hydroxylamine (ha) is an oxidant of ferrous globins and its action has been reported to be inhibited by co, even though this mechanism has not been clarified. here, kinetics of the ha-mediated oxidation of ferrous carbonylated mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin n and o (mt-trhbn(ii)-co and mt-trhbo(ii)-co, respectively) and campylobacter jejuni truncated hemoglobin p (cj-trhbp(ii)-co), at ph 7.2 and 20.0 °c, are reported. mixing mt-trhbn(ii)-co, mt-trhbo(ii)-co, and cj-trhbp(ii)-co ... | 2017 | 28646425 |
| rv3634c from mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv encodes an enzyme with udp-gal/glc and udp-galnac 4-epimerase activities. | a bioinformatics study revealed that mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (mtb) contains sequence homologs of campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation enzymes. the orf rv3634c from mtb was identified as a sequence homolog of c. jejuni udp-gal/galnac 4-epimerase. this study reports the cloning of rv3634c and its expression as an n-terminal his-tagged protein. the recombinant protein was shown to have udp-gal/glc 4-epimerase activity by god-pod assay and by reverse phase hplc. this enzyme was shown ... | 2017 | 28403215 |
| protein kinase c-delta (pkcδ), a marker of inflammation and tuberculosis disease progression in humans, is important for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and survival in mice. | we previously demonstrated that protein kinase c-δ (pkcδ) is critical for immunity against listeria monocytogenes, leishmania major, and candida albicans infection in mice. however, the functional relevance of pkcδ during mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection is unknown. pkcδ was significantly upregulated in whole blood of patients with active tuberculosis (tb) disease. lung proteomics further revealed that pkcδ was highly abundant in the necrotic and cavitory regions of tb granulomas in mu ... | 2017 | 28832027 |
| whole blood profiling of bacillus calmette-guérin-induced trained innate immunity in infants identifies epidermal growth factor, il-6, platelet-derived growth factor-ab/bb, and natural killer cell activation. | vaccination of infants with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) activates both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. the antimycobacterial effects of these responses most likely account for the ability of bcg to protect against childhood forms of tuberculosis (tb). there is also evidence for a heterologous protective effect of bcg vaccination against tb-unrelated mortality in low birth weight infants. a possible mechanism of action of this effect, the induction of trained innate immuni ... | 2017 | 28634479 |
| robust immunoreactivity of teenager sera against peptide 19 from porphyromonas gingivalis hsp60. | epitope spreading is a phenomenon in which distinct subdominant epitopes become major targets of the immune response. heat shock protein (hsp) 60 from porphyromonas gingivalis (pghsp60) and peptide 19 from pghsp60 (pep19) are immunodominant epitopes in autoimmune disease patients, including those with periodontitis. it remains unclear whether pep19 is a dominant epitope in subjects without periodontitis or autoimmune disease. the purpose of this study was to determine the epitope spreading patte ... | 2017 | 28680713 |
| sphingolipids are dual specific drug targets for the management of pulmonary infections: perspective. | sphingolipids are the major constituent of the mucus secreted by the cells of epithelial linings of lungs where they maintain the barrier functions and prevent microbial invasion. sphingolipids are interconvertible, and their primary and secondary metabolites have both structural and functional roles. out of several sphingolipid metabolites, sphingosine-1 phosphate (s1p) and ceramide are central molecules and decisive for sphingolipid signaling. these are produced by enzymatic activity of sphing ... | 2017 | 28400772 |
| tpl2 promotes innate cell recruitment and effector t cell differentiation to limit citrobacter rodentium burden and dissemination. | tumor progression locus 2 (tpl2) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates th1 differentiation, secretion of the inflammatory cytokine ifnγ, and host defense against the intracellular pathogens toxoplasma gondii, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis however, there is relatively little known about the contribution of tpl2 to th17 differentiation and immune cell function during infection with an extracellular pathogen. the goal of this study was to determine whether tpl2 influe ... | 2017 | 28760932 |
| carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140, a scaffold for lead antibacterial discovery. | mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin group of lantibiotics. epidermin class lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antibiotics with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. in particular, this class is effective at targeting drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and clostridium difficile a c-terminal s-[(z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (avicys) residue is derived from a decar ... | 2017 | 28500042 |
| conformational control of udp-galactopyranose mutase inhibition. | udp-galactopyranose mutase (glf or ugm) catalyzes the formation of uridine 5'-diphosphate-α-d-galactofuranose (udp-galf) from udp-galactopyranose (udp-galp). the enzyme is required for the production of galf-containing glycans. ugm is absent in mammals, but members of the corynebacterineae suborder require ugm for cell envelope biosynthesis. the need for ugm in some pathogens has prompted the search for inhibitors that could serve as antibiotic leads. optimizing inhibitor potency, however, has b ... | 2017 | 28608671 |
| inhibitors of mycobacterium marinum virulence identified in a dictyostelium discoideum host model. | tuberculosis remains one of the major threats to public health worldwide. given the prevalence of multi drug resistance (mdr) in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, there is a strong need to develop new anti-mycobacterial drugs with modes of action distinct from classical antibiotics. inhibitors of mycobacterial virulence might target new molecular processes and may represent a potential new therapeutic alternative. in this study, we used a dictyostelium discoideum host model to assess virulence ... | 2017 | 28727774 |
| breaking fat! how mycobacteria and other intracellular pathogens manipulate host lipid droplets. | tuberculosis (tb) is a lung infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). with one third of the world population latently infected, it represents the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases worldwide. typically, persistence is linked to so-called "dormant" slow-growing bacteria, which have a low metabolic rate and a reduced response to antibiotic treatments. however, dormant bacteria regain growth and virulence when the immune system is weakened, leading again to the active form of ... | 2017 | 28587792 |
| immunodominance of adenovirus-derived cd8(+) t cell epitopes interferes with the induction of transgene-specific immunity in adenovirus-based immunization. | adenovirus (ad)-based immunization is a popular approach in vaccine development, and ad-based vectors are renowned for their potential to induce strong cd8(+) t cell responses to the encoded transgene. surprisingly, we found before in the mouse friend retrovirus (fv) model that ad-based immunization did not induce cd8(+) t cell responses to the fv leader-gag-derived immunodominant epitope gagl85-93 we show now that induction of gagl85-93-specific cd8(+) t cells was highly effective when leader-g ... | 2017 | 28768877 |
| identification of multiple druggable secondary sites by fragment screening against dc-sign. | dc-sign is a cell-surface receptor for several pathogenic threats, such as hiv, ebola virus, or mycobacterium tuberculosis. multiple attempts to develop inhibitors of the underlying carbohydrate-protein interactions have been undertaken in the past fifteen years. still, drug-like dc-sign ligands are sparse, which is most likely due to its hydrophilic, solvent-exposed carbohydrate-binding site. herein, we report on a parallel fragment screening against dc-sign applying spr and a reporter displace ... | 2017 | 28523851 |
| ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst: a case report. | ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst (phc) is an important clinical problem in endemic areas to echinococcal infection. herein we present a rare case of ruptured phc in an adolescent boy that was misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis in local health center. when sputum specimen was stained by acid-fast staining for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, hooklets of echinococcus granulosus were observed. a simple chest x-ray showed a multilobulated mass in the lower part of the left lung. computed ... | 2017 | 28848299 |
| 2,6-difluorobenzamide inhibitors of bacterial cell division protein ftsz: design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships. | a wide variety of drug-resistant microorganisms are continuously emerging, restricting the therapeutic options for common bacterial infections. antimicrobial agents that were originally potent are now no longer helpful, due to their weak or null activity toward these antibiotic-resistant bacteria. in addition, none of the recently approved antibiotics affect innovative targets, resulting in a need for novel drugs with innovative antibacterial mechanisms of action. the essential cell division pro ... | 2017 | 28586174 |
| meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives with antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity. | thirty-three meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (meso-dga) derivatives bearing esters, ethers, and amino-ethers were synthesized. all derivatives were tested against twelve drug-resistant clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including sensitive (h37rv) and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. among the tested compounds, four esters (7, 11, 13, and 17), one ether (23), and three amino-ethers (30, 31, and 33) exhibited moderate activity against methicillin-res ... | 2017 | 28844400 |
| phosphorylation of mycobacterial phosphodiesterase by eukaryotic-type ser/thr kinase controls its two distinct and mutually exclusive functionalities. | phosphorylation mediated negative feed-back regulation of camp levels by phosphodiesterase is well established in eukaryotic cells. however, such mechanism remains unexplored in prokaryotes. we report here the involvement of eukaryotic-type ser/thr kinases, particularly pkna in trans-phosphorylating phosphodiesterase (mpde) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, which resulted in decreased enzyme turnover rate compared with its unphosphorylated counterpart. to elucidate the role of mpde phosphorylatio ... | 2017 | 28855253 |
| structome analysis of escherichia coli cells by serial ultrathin sectioning reveals the precise cell profiles and the ribosome density. | structome analysis, the quantitative three-dimensional structural analysis of whole cells at the electron microscopic level, of exophiala dermatitidis (black yeast), saccharomyces cerevisiae, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and myojin spiral bacteria (msb) have already been reported. here, the results of the structome analysis of escherichia coli cells based on transmission electron microscope observation of serial ultrathin sections was reported, and compared with the data obtained from phase ... | 2017 | 28854579 |
| distinct mechanism evolved for mycobacterial rna polymerase and topoisomerase i protein-protein interaction. | we report here a distinct mechanism of interaction between topoisomerase i and rna polymerase in mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium smegmatis that has evolved independently from the previously characterized interaction between bacterial topoisomerase i and rna polymerase. bacterial dna topoisomerase i is responsible for preventing the hyper-negative supercoiling of genomic dna. the association of topoisomerase i with rna polymerase during transcription elongation could efficiently reli ... | 2017 | 28843989 |
| mechanism of transformation in mycobacteria using a novel shockwave assisted technique driven by in-situ generated oxyhydrogen. | we present a novel method for shockwave-assisted bacterial transformation using a miniature oxyhydrogen detonation-driven shock tube. we have obtained transformation efficiencies of about 1.28 × 10(6), 1.7 × 10(6), 5 × 10(6), 1 × 10(5), 1 × 10(5) and 2 × 10(5) transformants/µg of dna for escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and helicobacter pylori respectively using this method which are significantly higher th ... | 2017 | 28819202 |
| exploring the potential of t7 bacteriophage protein gp2 as a novel inhibitor of mycobacterial rna polymerase. | over the past six decades, there has been a decline in novel therapies to treat tuberculosis, while the causative agent of this disease has become increasingly resistant to current treatment regimens. bacteriophages (phages) are able to kill bacterial cells and understanding this process could lead to novel insights for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. phages inhibit bacterial gene transcription through phage-encoded proteins which bind to rna polymerase (rnap), thereby preventing bact ... | 2017 | 28802409 |
| immuno-diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, and reduction of timelines for its positive cultures to within 3 h by pathogen-specific thymidylate kinase expression assays. | laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb) is traditionally based on microscopy and or culture. microscopy is however, only sensitive to a specified degree of bacillary load not present in hiv co-infected persons. traditional cultures of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb), on the other hand, take weeks to read-thereby delaying the critical decision whether or not, to treat. although nucleic acids amplification tests (naats) applied directly on sputum or cultures can increase the sensitivity for t ... | 2017 | 28789704 |
| characterization of a minimal type of promoter containing the -10 element and a guanine at the -14 or -13 position in mycobacteria. | three key promoter elements, -10, -35, and t-15g-14n, are recognized by the σ subunit of rna polymerase. among them, promoters with the -10 element and either of -35 or t-15g-14n consensuses are known to efficiently initiate transcription, but recent systematic analyses have identified a large group of promoters in mycobacterium tuberculosis that contain only a -10 consensus. how these promoters initiate transcription remains poorly understood. here, we show that promoters containing the -10 ele ... | 2017 | 28784819 |
| common bacterial isolates, clinical outcome and tb meningitis in children admitted at morogoro regional referral hospital, tanzania. | bacterial meningitis is still one of the major causes of deaths, disabilities, and mental retardation in children in morogoro region. to study the current meningitis burden, we evaluated the common bacterial isolates and clinical outcome of the disease in the region. | 2017 | 28776526 |
| update on nitazoxanide: a multifunctional chemotherapeutic agent. | the thiazolide nitazoxanide (ntz) is a broad-spectrum anti-infective drug that adversely affects viability, growth, and proliferation of a range of extracellular and intracellular protozoan, helminths, anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria, and viruses. | 2017 | 28748751 |
| immunological properties and protective efficacy of a single mycobacterial antigen displayed on polyhydroxybutyrate beads. | in 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new tuberculosis (tb) cases and 1.4 million deaths worldwide. bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, is the vaccine available against tb, but it is insufficient for global tb control. this study evaluated the immunogenicity of the mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen rv1626 in mice while assessing the effect of co-delivering either cpe30 (immunostimulatory peptide), cs.t3378-395 (promiscuous t helper epitope) or fla ... | 2017 | 28714174 |
| mutagenesis of threonine to serine in the active site of mycobacterium tuberculosis fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (class ii) retains partial enzyme activity. | the glpx gene encodes for the class ii fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase enzyme in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt), an essential enzyme for pathogenesis. we have performed site directed mutagenesis to introduce two mutations at residue thr84, t84a and t84s, to explore the binding affinity of the substrate and the catalytic mechanism. the t84a mutant fully abolishes enzyme activity while retaining substrate binding affinity. in contrast, the t84s mutant retains some activity having a 10 times reduction ... | 2017 | 28702369 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis phoy proteins promote persister formation by mediating pst/senx3-regx3 phosphate sensing. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphate-specific transport (pst) system controls gene expression in response to phosphate availability by inhibiting the activation of the senx3-regx3 two-component system under phosphate-rich conditions, but the mechanism of communication between these systems is unknown. in escherichia coli, inhibition of the two-component system phor-phob under phosphate-rich conditions requires both the pst system and phou, a putative adaptor protein. e. coli phou is also inv ... | 2017 | 28698272 |
| defining the functionally important domain and amino acid residues in mycobacterium tuberculosis integration host factor for genome stability, dna binding and integrative recombination. | the integration host factor of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mihf) consists of a single polypeptide chain, the product of the ihf gene. we previously revealed that mihf is a novel member of a new class of nucleoid-associated proteins that have important roles in dna damage response, nucleoid compaction and integrative recombination. the mihf contains a region of 86 amino acids at its n-terminus, absent in both α- and β-subunits of escherichia coli ihf. however, the functional significance of an ex ... | 2017 | 28696279 |
| plant e3 ligases ubiquitinate escherichia coli σ(32)in vitro. | ubiquitin-like proteins (ubls) are extremely well-conserved among eukaryotes and prokaryotes allowing interactions between proteins from different organisms. for example, the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like proteins (pups) and the proteasome accessory factor a (pafa) of mycobacterium tuberculosis are sufficient to pupylate at least 51 escherichia coli proteins. this work shows that the plant e3 ligases bntr1 and at1g02860 can ubiquitinate e. coli σ(32), but not hsp70 dnak in vitro. molecular biology ... | 2017 | 28676399 |
| glycosylation of recombinant antigenic proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis: in silico prediction of protein epitopes and ex vivo biological evaluation of new semi-synthetic glycoconjugates. | tuberculosis is still one of the most deadly infectious diseases worldwide, and the use of conjugated antigens, obtained by combining antigenic oligosaccharides, such as the lipoarabinomannane (lam), with antigenic proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), has been proposed as a new strategy for developing efficient vaccines. in this work, we investigated the effect of the chemical glycosylation on two recombinant mtb proteins produced in e. coli with an additional seven-amino acid tag (re ... | 2017 | 28661444 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a fusion protein tuberculosis vaccine combining five esx family proteins. | one strategy to develop the next generation of tuberculosis vaccines is to construct subunit vaccines based on t cell antigens. in this study, we have evaluated the vaccine potential of a fusion protein combining esxb, esxd, esxg, esxu, and esxm of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb). this recombinant protein, named bm, was expressed in and purified from escherichia coli. immunization of c57bl/6 mice with purified bm protein formulated in freund's incomplete adjuvant induced the production of th1 ... | 2017 | 28620588 |
| crystal structure of rv1220c, a sam-dependent o-methyltransferase from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rv1220c from mycobacterium tuberculosis is annotated as an o-methyltransferase (mtbomt). currently, no structural information is available for this protein. here, the crystal structure of mtbomt refined to 2.0 å resolution is described. the structure reveals the presence of a methyltransferase fold and shows clear electron density for one molecule of s-adenosylmethionine (sam), which was apparently bound by the protein during its production in escherichia coli. although the overall structure of ... | 2017 | 28580918 |
| rv3852 (h-ns) of mycobacterium tuberculosis is not involved in nucleoid compaction and virulence regulation. | a handful of nucleoid-associated proteins (naps) regulate the vast majority of genes in a bacterial cell. h-ns, the histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, is one of these naps and protects escherichia coli from foreign gene expression. though lacking any sequence similarity with e. coli h-ns, rv3852 was annotated as the h-ns ortholog in mycobacterium tuberculosis, as it resembles human histone h1. the role of rv3852 was thoroughly investigated by immunoblotting, subcellular localization, con ... | 2017 | 28559300 |
| the protective effect of a novel antioxidant gene from mycobacterium avium against nitrosative and oxidative stress in e. coli. | the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) is an important host defense mechanism in response to infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. a variety of genes have been implicated in resistance to roi and rni, including noxr1. however, studies in mycobacterium avium, an important pathogen among nontuberculous mycobacteria, are limited. we aim to investigate the role of a novel gene cloned from m. avium with high similarity to noxr1, noa, in resi ... | 2017 | 28547728 |
| recombinant bcg expressing ltak63 adjuvant induces superior protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | in order to develop an improved bcg vaccine against tuberculosis we have taken advantage of the adjuvant properties of a non-toxic derivative of escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (lt), ltak63. we have constructed rbcg strains expressing ltak63 at different expression levels. mice immunized with bcg expressing low levels of ltak63 (rbcg-ltak63lo) showed higher th1 cytokines and il-17 in the lungs, and when challenged intratracheally with mycobacterium tuberculosis displayed a 2.0-3.0 log r ... | 2017 | 28522873 |
| evaluation of the mycobactericidal effect of thio-functionalized carbohydrate derivatives. | sugars with heteroatoms other than oxygen have attained considerable importance in glycobiology and in drug design since they are often more stable in blood plasma due to their resistance to enzymes, such as glycosidases, phosphorylases and glycosyltransferases. the replacement of oxygen atoms in sugars with sulfur forms thio-sugars, which are potentially useful for the treatment of diabetes and some bacterial and viral infections. here, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of thio-functional ... | 2017 | 28509874 |
| biochemical and functional characterization of mra_1571 of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra and effect of its down-regulation on survival in macrophages. | amino acid biosynthesis has emerged as a source of new drug targets as many bacterial strains auxotrophic for amino acids fail to proliferate under in vivo conditions. branch chain amino acids (bcaas) are important for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) survival and strains deficient in their biosynthesis were attenuated for growth in mice. threonine dehydratase (ilva) is a pyridoxal-5-phosphate (plp) dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first step in isoleucine biosynthesis. the mra_1571 of mycoba ... | 2017 | 28465237 |
| preclinical development of bcg.hiva(2auxo.int), harboring an integrative expression vector, for a hiv-tb pediatric vaccine. enhancement of stability and specific hiv-1 t-cell immunity. | one of the critical issues that should be addressed in the development of a bcg-based hiv vaccine is genetic plasmid stability. therefore, to address this issue we have considered using integrative vectors and the auxotrophic mutant of bcg complemented with a plasmid carrying a wild-type complementing gene. in this study, we have constructed an integrative e. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid, p2auxo.hiva(int), expressing the hiv-1 clade a immunogen hiva. this shuttle vector uses an antibiotic ... | 2017 | 28426273 |
| selection of single-chain variable fragments specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis esat-6 antigen using ribosome display. | tuberculosis (tb) is still one of the problematic infectious diseases in developing countries, especially in iran. in the present study, we applied ribosome display technique to select single chain variable fragments (scfvs) specific for the 6-kda early secretory antigenic target (esat-6) antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis from a mouse scfv library. | 2017 | 28392906 |
| a cassette containing thiostrepton, gentamicin resistance genes, and dif sequences is effective in construction of recombinant mycobacteria. | the genetic manipulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is limited by the availability of selection markers. spontaneous resistance mutation rate of m. tuberculosis to the widely used kanamycin is relatively high which often leads to some false positive transformants. due to the few available markers, we have created a cassette containing thiostrepton resistance gene (tsr) for selection in m. tuberculosis and m. bovis bcg, and gentamicin resistance gene (aacc1) for escherichia coli and m. ... | 2017 | 28392781 |
| allosteric movements in eubacterial reca. | the action of reca, an important eubacterial protein involved in recombination and repair, involves the transition from an inactive filament in the absence of dna to an active filament formed in association with dna and atp. the structure of the inactive filament was first established in escherichia coli reca (ecreca). the interaction of reca with non-hydrolysable atp analogues and adp has been thoroughly characterized and the dna binding loops visualized based on the crystal structures of the r ... | 2013 | 28510107 |
| benzoxazoles, phthalazinones, and arylurea-based compounds with impdh-independent antibacterial activity against francisella tularensis. | francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential biowarfare agent. the virulence of f. tularensis is decreased by deletion of guab, the gene encoding inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh), suggesting that this enzyme is a target for antibacterial design. here we report that f. tularensis growth is blocked by inhibitors of bacterial impdhs. seventeen compounds from two different frameworks, designated d and q, display antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory ... | 2017 | 28739786 |
| environmental aspects related to tuberculosis and intestinal parasites in a low-income community of the brazilian amazon. | we carried out a cross-sectional study from january to december 2015 on 1,425 inhabitants from a floating population in the brazilian amazon (murinin district, pará state) to describe the population-based prevalence of tuberculosis (tb) from 2011 to 2014, recent tb contacts (rcts) latently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (ltbi) , the coverage of the local health network, socio-environmental factors, and frequency of intestinal parasitic infection (ipi). we found that the sanitary struct ... | 2017 | 28793025 |
| the arms race between man and mycobacterium tuberculosis: time to regroup. | an arms race is an appropriate metaphor to use for the interaction of man and mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) through the millennia. estimates of the time of infection of modern humans with m.tb often pre-date the out-of-africa migration. humans have adapted to the changing environment during the migration with respect to climate, food sources and encounters with local pathogens. more recently, there has been adaptation to the demographic changes brought about in the majority of the human popu ... | 2017 | 28843547 |
| "transition state analogue inhibitors of 5'-deoxyadenosine/5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase from mycobacterium tuberculosis". | mycobacterium tuberculosis 5'-deoxyadenosine/5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (rv0091) catalyzes the n-riboside hydrolysis of its substrates 5'-methylthioadenosine (mta) and 5-deoxyadenosine (5'-dado). 5'-dado is the preferred substrate, a product of radical sam-dependent enzyme reactions. rv0091 is characterized by a ribocation-like transition state, with low n-ribosidic bond order, an n7 protonated adenine leaving group and an activated but weakly bonded water nucleophile. dadme-immucillin ... | 2017 | 28836767 |
| local genes for local bacteria: evidence of allopatry in the genomes of transatlantic campylobacter populations. | the genetic structure of bacterial populations can be related to geographical locations of isolation. in some species, there is a strong correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance, which can be caused by different evolutionary mechanisms. patterns of ancient admixture in helicobacter pylori can be reconstructed in concordance with past human migration, whereas in mycobacterium tuberculosis it is the lack of recombination that causes allopatric clusters. in campylobacter, anal ... | 2017 | 28493321 |
| coronins and their role in immunological phenomena. | coronins are a large family of proteins occurring in many eukaryotes. in mammals, seven coronin genes have been identified, evidencing that coronins 1 to 6 present classic coronin structure, while coronin 7 is a tandem coronin particle, without a spiral domain, although the best characterised coronin, in terms of both structure and function, is the mammalian coronin 1. it has been proven that they are related to regulation of actin dynamics, e.g. as a result of interaction with the complex of pr ... | 2016 | 28450807 |
| prognostic markers in hiv mono-and co-infected individuals: a study from karachi-pakistan. | multiple infections are the most common problem among hiv infected individuals. the prognostic impact of these co infections in hiv-population in resource-limited countries like pakistan has not been fully elucidated. the aim of this study was to assess cd4 and hemoglobin (hb) levels in patients with hiv mono infection and hiv co-infection with hepatitis c (hcv), hepatitis b (hbv) and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). | 2017 | 28844443 |
| the burden and epidemiology of community-acquired central nervous system infections: a multinational study. | risk assessment of central nervous system (cns) infection patients is of key importance in predicting likely pathogens. however, data are lacking on the epidemiology globally. we performed a multicenter study to understand the burden of community-acquired cns (ca-cns) infections between 2012 and 2014. a total of 2583 patients with ca-cns infections were included from 37 referral centers in 20 countries. of these, 477 (18.5%) patients survived with sequelae and 227 (8.8%) died, and 1879 (72.7%) p ... | 2017 | 28397100 |
| enrichment by hybridisation of long dna fragments for nanopore sequencing. | enrichment of dna by hybridisation is an important tool which enables users to gather target-focused next-generation sequence data in an economical fashion. current in-solution methods capture short fragments of around 200-300 nt, potentially missing key structural information such as recombination or translocations often found in viral or bacterial pathogens. the increasing use of long-read third-generation sequencers requires methods and protocols to be adapted for their specific requirements. ... | 2016 | 28785419 |
| analysis of the phenotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cd4+ t cells to discriminate latent from active tuberculosis in hiv-uninfected and hiv-infected individuals. | several immune-based assays have been suggested to differentiate latent from active tuberculosis (tb). however, their relative performance as well as their efficacy in hiv-infected persons, a highly at-risk population, remains unclear. in a study of 81 individuals, divided into four groups based on their hiv-1 status and tb disease activity, we compared the differentiation (cd27 and klrg1), activation (hla-dr), homing potential (ccr4, ccr6, cxcr3, and cd161) and functional profiles (ifnγ, il-2, ... | 2017 | 28848561 |
| hiv-1 infection is associated with depletion and functional impairment of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cd4 t cells in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection. | coinfection with hiv is the single greatest risk factor for reactivation of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (ltbi) and progression to active tuberculosis disease. hiv-associated dysregulation of adaptive immunity by depletion of cd4 th cells most likely contributes to loss of immune control of ltbi in hiv-infected individuals, although the precise mechanisms whereby hiv infection impedes successful t cell-mediated control of m. tuberculosis have not been well defined. to further deli ... | 2017 | 28760884 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression is dependent on oxidative stress and reflects treatment outcomes. | the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (tb) and has been proposed as a biomarker of active disease. nevertheless, the mechanisms by which mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) induces ho-1 as well as how its expression is affected by hiv-1 coinfection and successful antitubercular therapy (att) are poorly understood. we found that ho-1 expression is markedly increased in rabbits, mice, and non-human primates during experimental mtb infection a ... | 2017 | 28553288 |
| cd4+ t cells from hiv-1 patients with impaired th1 effector responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit diminished histone and nucleoprotein signatures. | hiv+ patients have an increased risk for tuberculosis disease despite clinical management with arts. we established a culture model of mtb-infection in pbmcs from hiv+ ppd+ donors on suppressive art (median 6.4years) with negligible viral loads (median<50copies/ml) and stable cd4+ t cell counts (517cells/mm^3). we observed that hiv+ patient lymphocytes harbored a recruitment defect to mtb-infected monocytes. to investigate these immune defects on a per cell basis, purified cd4+ t cells from hiv ... | 2017 | 28552470 |