| transmission of tuberculosis within family-households. | the introduction of molecular typing methods in the 1990s to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) has significantly improved the possibilities of quantifying transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis in different human settings. the purpose of this study was to investigate transmission of tb in 35 family-households in poland. | 2012 | 22327051 |
| new insight into the molecular characterization of isoniazid and rifampicin resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from saudi arabia. | data on the genetic variation of isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis and spectrum of mutations determining resistance to principal anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid (inh) and rifampicin (rif) have not yet been studied in saudi arabia. one hundred and fifty-one clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis from different regions in the country showing resistance to rif and inh were subjected to drug susceptibility testing, characterization of mutations conferring drug resistance and genotyping. phenoty ... | 2012 | 22326932 |
| synthesis and evaluation of novel monosubstituted sulfonylurea derivatives as antituberculosis agents. | a series of novel monosubstituted sulfonylurea derivatives 10a-y were synthesized and characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and hrms. these compounds were evaluated against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv in vitro. the results showed compounds 10f, 10k and 10s exhibited moderate antituberculosis activities with mic values in the range of 20-100 mg/l. compounds 10b and 10o displayed good antituberculosis activities (mic 10 mg/l), which were comparable with that of the sulfometuron methyl. both of ... | 2012 | 22326144 |
| clinical use of the meropenem-clavulanate combination for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to almost all available anti-tuberculosis drugs are an increasing threat to public health worldwide. among existing drugs with potential antimycobacterial effects, the combination of meropenem with clavulanate has been shown to have potent in vitro bactericidal activity against extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (xdr-tb). to explore its potential clinical efficacy, a meropenem-clavulanate-containing salvage regimen was started in six patients wit ... | 2012 | 22325421 |
| analysis of gene mutations associated with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol resistance among mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from ethiopia. | the emergence of drug resistance is one of the most important threats to tuberculosis control programs. this study was aimed to analyze the frequency of gene mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid (inh), rifampicin (rmp) and ethambutol (emb) among mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from northwest ethiopia, and to assess the performance of the genotype® mtbdrplus and genotype® mtbdrsl assays as compared to the bact/alert 3d system. | 2012 | 22325147 |
| evaluation of the genotype® mtbdrplus assay and identification of a rare mutation for improving mdr-tb detection. | to assess the new genotype® mtbdrplus assay for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) in comparison with dna sequencing to identify drug resistance mutation profiles in china. | 2012 | 22325117 |
| isothermal target and probe amplification for mycobacterium tuberculosis identification from broth cultures. | various methods are used to identify mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) from broth cultures. the isothermal target and probe amplification (itpa) method has recently been introduced as a simple and cost-effective molecular assay. | 2012 | 22325060 |
| role of glycans and glycoproteins in disease development by mycobacterium tuberculosis. | glycoproteins play a critical role in host-pathogen interactions, antigenicity, and virulence determination, and are therefore, considered as potential drug targets. the cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (tb), dominantly contains sugars and lipids. despite the efforts taken by the world health organization to reduce the incidence rate, the prevalence of tb is increasing in certain regions. this is mainly attributed to the emergence of multidrug-re ... | 2012 | 22324751 |
| tb and mdr/xdr-tb in european union and european economic area countries: managed or mismanaged? | in spite of the growing awareness of emerging drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, the extent of inappropriate tuberculosis (tb) case management may be underestimated, even in europe. we evaluated tb case management in the european union/european economic area countries, with special focus on multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr)-tb, using a purposely developed, standardised survey tool. national reference centres in five countries representing different geographic ... | 2012 | 22323578 |
| microcolonies in fluoroquinolone agar proportion susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis: an indicator of drug resistance. | microcolony growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis on agar proportion susceptibility testing is neither well-defined nor previously reported with fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing. we describe here m. tuberculosis microcolony growth with fluoroquinolones, and assess its clinical significance. we screened 797 m. tuberculosis isolates for ofloxacin resistance (2.0 μg/ml) by agar proportion; 19 ofloxacin-resistant and 38 ofloxacin-susceptible isolates were selected for more detailed susceptibili ... | 2012 | 22322359 |
| [a scoring model for a differential diagnosis of tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleurisy]. | to evaluate various clinical features and laboratory biochemical markers so as to develop a predictive model for differentiating tuberculous pleurisy (tbp) from non-tuberculous pleurisy (non-tbp). | 2011 | 22321783 |
| evaluation of 24-locus miru-vntr in extrapulmonary specimens: study from a tertiary centre in mumbai. | genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is a useful tool for epidemiological control of tuberculosis (tb) and phylogenetic exploration of the pathogen. there is a lack of information on the discriminatory power of standard 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (miru) - variable number tandem repeats (vntr) in india, which has the highest tuberculosis (tb) burden worldwide. therefore, we assessed its utility on 69 m. tuberculosis (mtb) isolates from patients with extrapulm ... | 2012 | 22321730 |
| [the progress of drug resistance detection in mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | | 2011 | 22321713 |
| [analysis of the antimycobacterial activities of rifabutin and the relationship between drug-resistance and rpob mutations of mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | to compare the antimycobacterial activities of rifampicin (rfp) and rifabutin (rbt), and to evaluate the correlation between rbt resistance and genetic alterations in the rpob gene. | 2011 | 22321711 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis: success through dormancy. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a major health threat, killing nearly 2 million individuals around this globe, annually. the only vaccine, developed almost a century ago, provides limited protection only during childhood. after decades without the introduction of new antibiotics, several candidates are currently undergoing clinical investigation. curing tb requires prolonged combination of chemotherapy with several drugs. moreover, monitoring the success of therapy is questionable owing to the lack of ... | 2012 | 22320122 |
| ox40 ligand fusion protein delivered simultaneously with the bcg vaccine provides superior protection against murine mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | mycobacterium tuberculosis infection claims approximately 2 million lives per year, and improved efficacy of the bcg vaccine remains a world health organization priority. successful vaccination against m. tuberculosis requires the induction and maintenance of t cells. targeting molecules that promote t-cell survival may therefore provide an alternative strategy to classic adjuvants. we show that the interaction between t-cell-expressed ox40 and ox40l on antigen-presenting cells is critical for e ... | 2012 | 22315280 |
| epidemiologic consequences of microvariation in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | evidence from genotype-phenotype studies suggests that genetic diversity in pathogens have clinically relevant manifestations that can impact outcome of infection and epidemiologic success. we studied 5 closely related mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that collectively caused extensive disease (n = 862), particularly among us-born tuberculosis patients. | 2012 | 22315279 |
| examination of mechanism of n-acetyl-1-d-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside deacetylase (mshb) reveals unexpected role for dynamic tyrosine. | actinomycetes are a group of gram-positive bacteria that includes pathogenic mycobacterial species, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis. these organisms do not have glutathione and instead utilize the small molecule mycothiol (msh) as their primary reducing agent and for the detoxification of xenobiotics. due to these important functions, enzymes involved in msh biosynthesis and msh-dependent detoxification are targets for drug development. the metal-dependent deacetylase n-acetyl-1-d-myo-inosity ... | 2012 | 22315231 |
| efflux pumps of mycobacterium tuberculosis play a significant role in antituberculosis activity of potential drug candidates. | active efflux of drugs mediated by efflux pumps that confer drug resistance is one of the mechanisms developed by bacteria to counter the adverse effects of antibiotics and chemicals. to understand these efflux mechanisms in mycobacterium tuberculosis, we generated knockout (ko) mutants of four efflux pumps of the pathogen belonging to different classes. we measured the mics and kill values of two different compound classes on the wild type (wt) and the efflux pump (ep) ko mutants in the presenc ... | 2012 | 22314527 |
| extensive mycobacterium tuberculosis circulation in a highly endemic prison and the need for urgent environmental interventions. | aimed at assessing the circulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a highly endemic prison, this 13-month prospective study was performed on strains isolated from tuberculosis (tb) cases detected passively and actively. we used x-ray screening of newly admitted inmates and mass screening at the beginning of the study and again 1 year later. of the 94 strains genotyped by restriction fragment-length polymorphism, 79 (84·0%) belonged to one of the 12 identified clusters (2-21 strains each), inclu ... | 2012 | 22313725 |
| [the population structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis in mongolia as assessed using large sequence polymorphism analysis]. | 112 strains of m. tuberculosis isolated from lung tuberculosis patients in mongolia were genotyped using rd9, rd7, tbd1, rd105, and rd750 loci. the genotypes of all the strains studied were characterized using the conservation of rd7, rd9, and rd750 loci and the presence of the deletion in the locus tbd1. rd105 was detected in 65 isolates (58%). the isolate was classified into two groups--east-asian and euro-american. | 2011 | 22312893 |
| structural elucidation and bioactivity of biflavonoids from the stems of wikstroemia taiwanensis. | three new biflavonoids, wikstaiwanones a-c (1-3), along with four known compounds (4-7) were isolated from the stems of wikstroemia taiwanensis (thymelaeaceae). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. compounds 4 and 5 showed antitubercular activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis with mic values of 15 μg/ml, respectively. | 2012 | 22312302 |
| host-pathogen coevolution in human tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is a disease of antiquity. yet tb today still causes more adult deaths than any other single infectious disease. recent studies show that contrary to the common view postulating an animal origin for tb, mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc), the causative agent of tb, emerged as a human pathogen in africa and colonized the world accompanying the out-of-africa migrations of modern humans. more recently, evolutionarily 'modern' lineages of mtbc expanded as a consequence of th ... | 2012 | 22312052 |
| comparative evaluation under routine conditions of the nitrate reduction assay, the proportion assay and the mgit 960 assay for drug susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the performance of the nitrate reductase assay (nra) was compared with the proportion method (pm) on lowenstein-jensen medium and the bactec mgit960 assay under routine conditions using 160 clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis with a high proportion of resistant strains. the mean time to obtain results was 8.8 days and the overall agreements between nra and pm and nra and m960 were 95% and 94%, respectively. nra was easy to perform and represents a useful tool for the rapid screening ... | 2012 | 22310549 |
| changing the way we diagnose tuberculids with interferon gamma release assays. | diagnosing tuberculids traditionally requires clinicopathological correlation together with positive tuberculin skin tests (tst) or demonstration of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). interferon gamma release assays (igra) are new laboratory tests approved for the diagnosis of mtb infection. we describe three patients with tuberculids who had no other clinical feature of tuberculosis (tb) infection and negative pcr of skin biopsies. their diagnoses were aide ... | 2012 | 22309338 |
| [characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in pskov region]. | characteristics of drug resistance (dr) and population structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis in pskov region. | 2013 | 22308723 |
| genome-wide definition of the sigf regulon in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | in mycobacterium tuberculosis the alternative sigma factor sigf controls the expression of a particular subset of genes by altering rna polymerase specificity. here, we utilize two genome-wide approaches to identify sigf-binding sites: chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip-on-chip) and microarray analysis of sigf-mediated transcripts. since sigf is not an abundant protein in the logarithmic phase of growth, a pristinamyin ia-inducible system was used to control its expression. we identified 67 hig ... | 2012 | 22307756 |
| understanding the different activities of highly promiscuous mbti by computational methods. | salicylate synthase from mycobacterium tuberculosis, mbti, is a highly promiscuous mg(2+) dependent enzyme with up to four distinct activities detected in vitro: isochorismate synthase (is), isochorismate pyruvate lyase (ipl), salicylate synthase (ss) and chorismate mutase (cm). in this paper, molecular dynamic (md) simulations employing hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (qm/mm) potentials have been carried out to get a detailed knowledge of the is and the ipl activities at the molecu ... | 2012 | 22307014 |
| mapping key interactions in the dimerization process of hbha from mycobacterium tuberculosis, insights into bacterial agglutination. | hbha is a cell-surface protein implicated in the dissemination of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) from the site of primary infection. its n-terminal coiled-coil region is also involved in bacterial agglutination. however, despite the importance of hbha dimerization in agglutination, protein regions involved in dimerization are hitherto not known. here, we mapped these regions by coupling peptide synthesis, biochemical and computational analyses, and identified structural determinants for hbha m ... | 2012 | 22306117 |
| metallobiology of host-pathogen interactions: an intoxicating new insight. | iron, zinc and copper, among others, are transition metals with multiple biological roles that make them essential elements for life. beyond the strict requirement of transition metals by the vertebrate immune system for its proper functioning, novel mechanisms involving direct metal intoxication of microorganisms are starting to be unveiled as important components of the immune system, in particular against mycobacterium tuberculosis. in parallel, metal detoxification systems in bacteria have b ... | 2012 | 22305804 |
| commentary on: does empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with fluoroquinolones delay tuberculosis treatment and result in fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis? controversies and solutions. | | 2012 | 22305096 |
| antituberculosis igg antibodies as a marker of active mycobacterium tuberculosis disease. | anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis igg antibodies may aid in the diagnosis of active m. tuberculosis disease. we studied whether anti-m. tuberculosis igg antibodies are elevated in active m. tuberculosis disease and assessed factors contributing to false-positive and -negative results. a retrospective study of 2,150 individuals tested by the quantiferon-tb gold in-tube (qft-git) assay was conducted at the university of utah, arup laboratories, november 2008 to december 2010. all samples were tested ... | 2012 | 22301692 |
| pathogen prevalence may determine maintenance of antigen-specific t-cell responses in hiv-infected individuals. | to assess the effect of antigen-exposure on the t-cell repertoire in the chronic phase of hiv-infection. | 2012 | 22301414 |
| performance of tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing in u.s. laboratories from 1994 to 2008. | we present a statistical summary of results from the model performance evaluation program (mpep) for mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing, 1994 to 2008, implemented by the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). during that period, a total of 57,733 test results for culture isolates were reported by 216 participating laboratories for the first-line antituberculosis drugs used in the united states-isoniazid (inh), rifampin (rmp), ethambutol (emb), and pyrazinamide ... | 2012 | 22301024 |
| first evaluation of an improved assay for molecular genetic detection of tuberculosis as well as rifampin and isoniazid resistances. | the commercially available line probe assay mtbdrplus 2.0 (hain lifescience, nehren, germany) was evaluated for its ability to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and mutations conferring resistance to rifampin (rmp) and isoniazid (inh) directly in smear-negative and smear-positive pulmonary clinical specimens under routine laboratory conditions. a total of 348 samples originating from moldova, a high-incidence country for tuberculosis (tb), were investigated. two hundred fifty-seve ... | 2012 | 22301019 |
| neurotuberculosis: an overview. | although pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form of this disease, neurotuberculosis is more severe and presents higher morbidity and mortality. its diagnosis continues to challenge physicians all over the world. contributing to this fact is the nonspecificity of its clinical manifestations, the low density of bacilli in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and the delayed recovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis through culture techniques. thus, the diagnosis is largely based on suspicious sympto ... | 2011 | 22300226 |
| inhibition of the β-class carbonic anhydrases from mycobacterium tuberculosis with carboxylic acids. | the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis is strongly inhibited by weak acids although the mechanism by which these compounds act is not completely understood. a series of substituted benzoic acids, nipecotic acid, ortho- and para-coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were investigated as inhibitors of three β-class carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) from this pathogen, mtca 1 (rv1284), mtca 2 (rv3588c) and mtca 3 (rv3273). all three enzymes were inhibited with efficacies between the su ... | 2013 | 22299588 |
| gyra and gyrb mutations in ofloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in thailand. | in order to identify mutations in gyra and gyrb genes in 92 ofloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (ofxr-mtb) clinical isolates collected from siriraj hospital, mahidol university and chest disease institute, thailand. the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdr) of gyra and gyrb in all 92 ofxr-mtb isolates were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. there were 70 isolates with point mutations associated with ofloxacin resistance. in gyra qrdr, 69 isolates had mu ... | 2011 | 22299442 |
| association of the level of ifn-γ produced by t cells in response to mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens with the size of skin test indurations among individuals with latent tuberculosis in a highly tuberculosis-endemic setting. | there is growing evidence showing the potential of t-cell-based gamma interferon (ifn-γ) release assays (igras) for predicting the risk of progression of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection, though there is little information from tuberculosis (tb)-endemic settings. in this study, we assessed the association between the level of ifn-γ produced by t cells in response to mtb-specific antigens and the size of skin test indurations in 505 adult individuals who were screened for latent tubercu ... | 2012 | 22298884 |
| a recombinant adenovirus expressing immunodominant tb antigens can significantly enhance bcg-induced human immunity. | despite the availability of bacille calmette guérin (bcg) vaccines, mycobacterium tuberculosis currently infects billions of people and millions die annually from tuberculosis (tb) disease. new tb vaccines are urgently needed. | 2012 | 22296955 |
| microevolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in russia. | extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb), which is resistant to both first- and second-line antibiotics, is an escalating problem, particularly in the russian federation. molecular fingerprinting of 2348 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates collected in samara oblast, russia, revealed that 72% belonged to the beijing lineage, a genotype associated with enhanced acquisition of drug resistance and increased virulence. whole-genome sequencing of 34 samaran isolates, plus 25 isolates repres ... | 2012 | 22294518 |
| metamerge: scaling up genome-scale metabolic reconstructions with application to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | reconstructed models of metabolic networks are widely used for studying metabolism in various organisms. many different reconstructions of the same organism often exist concurrently, forcing researchers to choose one of them at the exclusion of the others. we describe metamerge, an algorithm for semi-automatically reconciling a pair of existing metabolic network reconstructions into a single metabolic network model. we use metamerge to combine two published metabolic networks for mycobacterium t ... | 2012 | 22292986 |
| insights into the substrate specificity of a thioesterase rv0098 of mycobacterium tuberculosis through x-ray crystallographic and molecular dynamics studies. | the crystal structure of rv0098, a long-chain fatty acyl-coa thioesterase from mycobacterium tuberculosis with bound dodecanoic acid at the active site provided insights into the mode of substrate binding but did not reveal the structural basis of substrate specificities of varying chain length. molecular dynamics studies demonstrated that certain residues of the substrate binding tunnel are flexible and thus modulate the length of the tunnel. the flexibility of the loop at the base of the tunne ... | 2012 | 22292955 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis rna expression patterns in sputum bacteria indicate secreted esx factors contributing to growth are highly expressed in active disease. | to identify factors contributing to the ability of tubercle bacilli to grow in the lung during active infection, we analyzed rna expression patterns in bacteria present in patient sputum. prominent among bacterial transcripts identified were those encoding secreted peptides of the esat-6 subfamily that includes esxk and esxl (rv1197 and rv1198). h37rv esxkl and esxji transcripts were differentially expressed under different growth conditions, and disruption of these genes altered growth phase ki ... | 2011 | 22291682 |
| tuberculin skin test reactivity is dependent on host genetic background in colombian tuberculosis household contacts. | the tuberculin skin test (tst) measures the intensity of antimycobacterial acquired immunity and is used to diagnose latent infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. we report evidence for a codominant gene explaining ∼65% of the tst variability. disregarding the host genetic background may lead to misclassifications of tst-based diagnosis of latent m. tuberculosis infection. | 2012 | 22291100 |
| antigen 85c inhibition restricts mycobacterium tuberculosis growth through disruption of cord factor biosynthesis. | the antigen 85 (ag85) protein family, consisting of ag85a, -b, and -c, is vital for mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its role in cell envelope biogenesis. the mycoloyl transferase activity of these proteins generates trehalose dimycolate (tdm), an envelope lipid essential for m. tuberculosis virulence, and cell wall arabinogalactan-linked mycolic acids. inhibition of these enzymes through substrate analogs hinders growth of mycobacteria, but a link to mycolic acid synthesis has not been establi ... | 2012 | 22290959 |
| comparative evaluation of autofocus algorithms for a real-time system for automatic detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | microscopy images must be acquired at the optimal focal plane for the objects of interest in a scene. although manual focusing is a standard task for a trained observer, automatic systems often fail to properly find the focal plane under different microscope imaging modalities such as bright field microscopy or phase contrast microscopy. this article assesses several autofocus algorithms applied in the study of fluorescence-labeled tuberculosis bacteria. the goal of this work was to find the opt ... | 2012 | 22290716 |
| the active clpp protease from m. tuberculosis is a complex composed of a heptameric clpp1 and a clpp2 ring. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) contains two clpp genes, both of which are essential for viability. we expressed and purified mtb clpp1 and clpp2 separately. although each formed a tetradecameric structure and was processed, they lacked proteolytic activity. we could, however, reconstitute an active, mixed clpp1p2 complex after identifying n-blocked dipeptides that stimulate dramatically (>1000-fold) clpp1p2 activity against certain peptides and proteins. these activators function cooperatively ... | 2012 | 22286948 |
| enhancement of crystallization with nucleotide ligands identified by dye-ligand affinity chromatography. | ligands interacting with mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant proteins were identified through use of the ability of cibacron blue f3ga dye to interact with nucleoside/nucleotide binding proteins, and the effects of these ligands on crystallization were examined. co-crystallization with ligands enhanced crystallization and enabled x-ray diffraction data to be collected to a resolution of atleast 2.7 å for 5 of 10 proteins tested. additionally, clues about individual proteins’ functions were ob ... | 2012 | 22286688 |
| transcriptional regulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis pe/ppe genes: a molecular switch to virulence? | the pe/ppe family of proteins, which constitute 10% of the coding capacity of the mycobacterial genome, comprises a unique set of genes which have no known homologs and have expanded throughout their evolution. their association with virulence has been implicated by several researchers in tuberculosis, but the molecular basis of their virulence is yet to be completely explored. pe/ppe genes are mostly associated with the pathogenic strains of mycobacteria as many of them are known to be deleted ... | 2011 | 22286037 |
| self-reactivity against stress-induced cell molecules: the missing link between takayasu's arteritis and tuberculosis? | takayasu's arteritis (ta) is a chronic, occlusive, inflammatory disease of the aorta, its major branches and the pulmonary arteries. its etiology remains unclear, although it has been suggested that a variety of antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis and probably other mycobacteria may trigger inflammatory pathology either directly in the arterial wall or remote from the actual location of mycobacterial infection, possibly through molecular mimicry mechanisms. however, recent evidence showing ... | 2012 | 22285197 |
| antigen-induced cytokine and chemokine release test for tuberculosis infection using adsorption of stimulated whole blood on filter paper and multiplex analysis. | in vitro stimulation of whole blood or isolated blood cells with specific antigens is used for several purposes. immediately following incubation with antigens, samples have to be centrifuged to stop the reactions by remaining cells and the supernatant refrigerated or analysed directly to preserve the analytes of interest, which makes samples difficult to prepare outside laboratories. we have tested whether spotting whole blood on filter paper after activation can be used in one of the tests for ... | 2012 | 22283828 |
| derivatives of 3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid esters: a potent and selective compound class against replicating and nonreplicating mycobacterium tuberculosis. | new antituberculosis (anti-tb) drugs are urgently needed to battle drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strains and to shorten the long treatment regimen. a series of isoxazole-based compounds, bearing a carboxy moiety at the c3 position, are highly potent and versatile anti-tb agents. several members of this compound class exhibit submicromolar in vitro activity against replicating mtb (r-tb) and thus comparable activity to the current first-line anti-tb drugs. remarkably, certain co ... | 2012 | 22283815 |
| drug design and identification of potent leads against mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidine monophosphate kinase. | antiviral chemotherapy often relies on nucleoside analogues, which, once phophorylated by intracellular kinases, target viral polymerases impeding dna synthesis. in contrast, nucleoside analogues are much less explored as antibacterial drugs. thymidine monophosphate kinase from mycobacterium tuberculosis (tmpkmt), which is essential to dna replication, was selected as a promising target for the design of new inhibitors. this review describes stepwise modifications of the tmpkmt substrate, guided ... | 2012 | 22283813 |
| characterization of heme ligation properties of rv0203, a secreted heme binding protein involved in mycobacterium tuberculosis heme uptake. | the secreted mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) heme binding protein rv0203 has been shown to play a role in mtb heme uptake. in this work, we use spectroscopic (absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and magnetic circular dichrosim) methods to further characterize the heme coordination environments of his-tagged and native protein forms, rv0203-his and rv0203-notag, respectively. rv0203-his binds the heme molecule through bis-his coordination and is low-spin in both ferric and ferrous oxida ... | 2012 | 22283334 |
| a phase iia trial of the new tuberculosis vaccine, mva85a, in hiv- and/or mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected adults. | novel tuberculosis (tb) vaccines should be safe and effective in populations infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) and/or hiv for effective tb control. | 2012 | 22281831 |
| structural studies on mycobacterium tuberculosis dxr in complex with the antibiotic fr-900098. | a number of pathogens, including the causative agents of tuberculosis and malaria, synthesize the essential isoprenoid precursor isopentenyl diphosphate via the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway rather than the classical mevalonate pathway that is found in humans. as part of a structure-based drug-discovery program against tuberculosis, dxr, the enzyme that carries out the second step in the mep pathway, has been investigated. this enzyme is the target for the antibiotic fosmidom ... | 2012 | 22281742 |
| direct identification of mycobacteria from smear-positive sputum samples using an improved multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. | the rapid identification of mycobacteria from smear-positive sputum samples is very important. to identify the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria strains directly from smear-positive sputum samples, an improved multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed. nine pairs of primers targeting the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer-1, hsp65, and the early secretory antigen (esat-6) gene sequences were developed, and thei ... | 2012 | 22280996 |
| strain specific transcriptional response in mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages. | tuberculosis (tb), a bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) remains a significant health problem worldwide with a third of the world population infected and nearly nine million new cases claiming 1.1 million deaths every year. the outcome following infection by mtb is determined by a complex and dynamic host-pathogen interaction in which the phenotype of the pathogen and the immune status of the host play a role. however, the molecular mechanism by which mtb strains induc ... | 2012 | 22280836 |
| design, synthesis of some new (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester derivatives as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. | a series of (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester (5a-t) derivatives were synthesized in good yields and characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, mass spectral and elemental analyses. the crystal structure of 5a was evidenced by x-ray diffraction study. the compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial, antifungal activity and were screened for antitubercular activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain. the synthesized compounds displayed interesting antimicrobial ac ... | 2012 | 22280817 |
| recent advances in antitubercular natural products. | currently, one third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis and 8.9-9.9 million new and relapse cases of tuberculosis are reported every year. the emergence of new cases, the increased incidence of multi-drug resistant strains of m. tuberculosis, and the adverse effects of first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs have led to renewed research interest in natural products in the hope of discovering new antitubercular leads. interestingly, hundreds of natural pro ... | 2012 | 22280816 |
| regulation of the intersubunit ammonia tunnel in mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine-dependent nad+ synthetase. | glutamine-dependent nad+ synthetase is an essential enzyme and a validated drug target in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtunade). it catalyses the atp-dependent formation of nad+ from naad+ (nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide) at the synthetase active site and glutamine hydrolysis at the glutaminase active site. an ammonia tunnel 40 å (1 å=0.1 nm) long allows transfer of ammonia from one active site to the other. the enzyme displays stringent kinetic synergism; however, its regulatory mechanism i ... | 2012 | 22280445 |
| short communication: plasma levels of vitamin d in hiv patients initiating antiretroviral therapy do not predict immune restoration disease associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | immune restoration disease associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb ird) is clinically important among hiv patients commencing antiretroviral therapy in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. vitamin d affects dendritic cell and t cell function and the antimicrobial activity of monocytes. plasma levels of vitamin d and polymorphisms in the vitamin d receptor may affect tuberculosis, and hiv infection associates with vitamin d deficiency. here we assess whether plasma vitamin d levels may ... | 2012 | 22280097 |
| distribution of spoligotyping defined genotypic lineages among drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis complex clinical isolates in ankara, turkey. | investigation of genetic heterogeneity and spoligotype-defined lineages of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates collected during a three-year period in two university hospitals and national tuberculosis reference and research laboratory in ankara, turkey. | 2012 | 22279583 |
| a riboswitch-based inducible gene expression system for mycobacteria. | research on the human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) would benefit from novel tools for regulated gene expression. here we describe the characterization and application of a synthetic riboswitch-based system, which comprises a mycobacterial promoter for transcriptional control and a riboswitch for translational control. the system was used to induce and repress heterologous protein overexpression reversibly, to create a conditional gene knockdown, and to control gene expression in a m ... | 2012 | 22279533 |
| tuberculosis in a renal allograft recipient presenting with intussusception. | extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) is more common in renal allograft recipients and may present with dissemination or an atypical features. we report a renal allograft recipient with intestinal tb presenting 3 years after transplantation with persistent fever, weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain and mass in the abdomen with intestinal obstruction. he was diagnosed to be having an ileocolic intussusception which on resection showed a granulomatous inflammation with presence of acid-fast bacilli ... | 2012 | 22279345 |
| a systematic review of gyrase mutations associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis and a proposed gyrase numbering system. | fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis has become increasingly important. a review of mutations in dna gyrase, the fluoroquinolone target, is needed to improve the molecular detection of resistance. we performed a systematic review of studies reporting mutations in dna gyrase genes in clinical m. tuberculosis isolates. from 42 studies that met inclusion criteria, 1220 fluoroquinolone-resistant m. tuberculosis isolates underwent sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining ... | 2012 | 22279180 |
| φ(2)gfp10, a high-intensity fluorophage, enables detection and rapid drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum samples. | the difficulty of diagnosing active tuberculosis (tb) and lack of rapid drug susceptibility testing (dst) at the point of care remain critical obstacles to tb control. this report describes a high-intensity mycobacterium-specific-fluorophage (φ(2)gfp10) that for the first time allows direct visualization of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical sputum samples. engineered features distinguishing φ(2)gfp10 from previous reporter phages include an improved vector backbone with increased cloning ca ... | 2012 | 22278833 |
| efficiency of the tk culture system in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. | we have evaluated the efficiency of the tk rapid mycobacterial culture system in isolating mycobacteria from clinical samples and in susceptibility testing. the tk medium indicates mycobacterial growth by changing its color from red to yellow. during a 1-year period, 16,303 clinical samples were inoculated to tk selective (tk slc) and löwenstein-jensen media (lj). mycobacteria were isolated in 2150 (13.04%) samples in at least 1 type of medium. while lj isolated mycobacteria from 1920 (11.69%) o ... | 2012 | 22277535 |
| camphorsulfonic acid catalysed facile tandem double friedlander annulation protocol for the synthesis of phenoxy linked bisquinoline derivatives and discovery of antitubercular agents. | a series of phenoxy linked bisquinoline derivatives were synthesised from the friedlander annulation of 2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-1-aryl-1-ethanones with 2-aminobenzophenone in good yields using (±)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (csa) as the catalyst. these compounds were screened for their in vitro activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (mtb) and among the 23 compounds screened, 2-(3-bromophenyl)-6-chloro-3-[4-(6-chloro-4-phenyl-2-quinolyl)phenoxy]-4-phenylquinoline (3q) and 2-(4-bromophenyl)-6 ... | 2012 | 22277278 |
| ins and outs of mycobacterium tuberculosis ppe family in pathogenesis and implications for novel measures against tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most successful pathogen with multiple mechanisms to subvert host immune response, resulting in insidious disease. a unique mycobacterium antigen family termed ppe (pro-pro-glu) has long been widely speculated as "molecular mantra" to escape host immunity. members of this family are characterized by a conserved n terminal and a variable c terminal. this family associated closely with esat-6(esx) secretion system and largely located in cell wall or cell membrane. ... | 2012 | 22275049 |
| influence of lineage-specific amino acid dimorphisms in gyra on mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to fluoroquinolones. | we conducted in vitro dna supercoiling assays, utilizing recombinant dna gyrases, to elucidate the influence of the lineage-specific serine or threonine residue at position 95 of gyra on fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. there was little effect of the gyra-ala74ser amino acid substitution on activity of the gyra-ser95 gyrase, while activity of the gyra-asp94gly-ser95 gyrase was reduced. these findings were in striking contrast to previous reports analyzing gyra with thr95 ... | 2012 | 22274162 |
| antimycobacterial and antioxidant activities of reserpine and its derivatives. | in view of the attributed medicinal properties of reserpine, a number of acyl reserpine derivatives were prepared and tested for antimycobacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain h(37)rv and antioxidant activities. the results indicated that in the case of antimycobacterial activity, 10 out of 18 derivatives caused more inhibition than that caused by reserpine itself. the results of antioxidant activity revealed that acylation in benzene ring of reserpine decreases the percen ... | 2012 | 22273392 |
| genotype mtbdrsl performance on clinical samples with diverse genetic background. | we evaluate the performance of the genotype® mtbdrsl (hain lifescience nehren, germany) for the detection of second-line resistant tuberculosis and we correlate the frequency of mutations to different mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes. we tested 175 strains and 59 clinical specimens interpreting the results according to the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy recommendations. all the strains were also investigated by spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-var ... | 2012 | 22267773 |
| massive monoclonal expansion of cd4 t-cells specific for a mycobacterium tuberculosis esat-6 peptide. | t-cell responses towards tuberculin (purified protein derivative; ppd) or the mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens early secretory antigenic target (esat)-6 and culture filtrate protein-10 are indicative of prior contact with mycobacterial antigens. in this study, we investigated the exceptional case of a 75-yr-old patient who devoted more than one-third of his cd4 t-cells against ppd and esat-6. antigen-specific t-cells were characterised using flow cytometric intracellular cytokine sta ... | 2012 | 22267771 |
| melatonin in bacterial and viral infections with focus on sepsis: a review. | melatonin is a versatile molecule, synthesized not only by the pineal gland, but also in small amounts by many other organs like retina, gastrointestinal tract, thymus, bone marrow, lymphocytes etc. it plays an important role in various functions of the body like sleep and circadian rhythm regulation, immunoregulatory mechanism, free radical scavenger, antioxidant functions, oncostatic actions, control of reproductive functions, regulation of mood etc. melatonin has also been found to be effecti ... | 2012 | 22264213 |
| potential of novel mycobacterium tuberculosis infection phase-dependent antigens in the diagnosis of tb disease in a high burden setting. | confirming tuberculosis (tb) disease in suspects in resource limited settings is challenging and calls for the development of more suitable diagnostic tools. different mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) infection phase-dependent antigens may be differentially recognized in infected and diseased individuals and therefore useful as diagnostic tools for differentiating between m.tb infection states. in this study, we assessed the diagnostic potential of 118 different m.tb infection phase-dependent a ... | 2012 | 22260319 |
| subpopulation analysis of heteroresistance to fluoroquinolone in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from beijing, china. | the presence of heteroresistance was represented by 23% of 235 fluoroquinolone (fq)-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in beijing, china, from 2008 to 2010. the main mechanism of fq heteroresistance is due to the segregation of a single m. tuberculosis strain in patients; the majority of isolates with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis contained a mixture of bacterial subpopulations consisting of various mutant types, suggesting that the improper use of fq is the major cause of fq resis ... | 2012 | 22259208 |
| sq109 and pnu-100480 interact to kill mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. | to investigate in vitro interaction between two compounds, sq109 and pnu-100480, currently in development for the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). | 2012 | 22258923 |
| identifying co-targets to fight drug resistance based on a random walk model. | drug resistance has now posed more severe and emergent threats to human health and infectious disease treatment. however, wet-lab approaches alone to counter drug resistance have so far still achieved limited success due to less knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance. our approach apply a heuristic search algorithm in order to extract active network under drug treatment and use a random walk model to identify potential co-targets for effective antibacterial drugs. | 2012 | 22257493 |
| stable extracellular rna fragments of mycobacterium tuberculosis induce early apoptosis in human monocytes via a caspase-8 dependent mechanism. | the molecular basis of pathogen-induced host cell apoptosis is well characterized for a number of microorganisms. mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to induce apoptosis and it was shown that live but not heat killed m. tuberculosis stimulates this biological pathway in monocytes. the dependence of this activity on live bacilli led us to hypothesize that products released or secreted by m. tuberculosis are the primary apoptotic factors for human monocytes. thus, the culture filtrate of in vitro ... | 2012 | 22253841 |
| rapid detection of rpob mutations in rifampin resistant m. tuberculosis from sputum samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | to establish a rapid detection method for identifying rpob mutations associated with rifampin (rif) resistance in sputum specimens. | 2012 | 22253562 |
| tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis in prison inmates. | to estimate the prevalences of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis in inmates. | 2012 | 22252791 |
| [development of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis in a patient with crohn's disease receiving infliximab despite of chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid]. | we herein report a case of a 41-year-old female with a 14-year history of crohn's disease who had been treated with diet and mesalazine. because of inadequate control, therapy with infliximab was planned. she had a positive result on the interferon-gamma release assay (quantiferon tb). after active tuberculosis was ruled out by chest x-ray and computed tomography, she was started on a six-month course of isoniazid 7 weeks prior to starting infliximab. after 10 doses of infliximab (15 months of t ... | 2011 | 22250467 |
| development of an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction-amplified immunoassay based on mycobacterial rd antigens: implications for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. | immuno-polymerase chain reaction (i-pcr) combines the versatility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with the exponential amplification power of pcr. the present study was designed to detect antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific region of difference (rd) antigens, i.e., early secretory antigenic target-6, culture filtrate protein-10, culture filtrate protein-21, and mycobacterial protein from species tuberculosis-64, as well as antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis pat ... | 2012 | 22248737 |
| immunomodulatory effects and improved prognosis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after o-tetradecanoyl-genistein treatment. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is a murine autoimmune disease used to study multiple sclerosis (ms), a human inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. genistein, an isoflavonoid phytoestrogenic compound found in soy, is known to reverse clinical signs of eae. although genistein has some potential in clinical application, it has some disadvantages related to its chemical structure, such as rapid in vivo metabolism and a fast decline in serum after oral adm ... | 2012 | 22245971 |
| drug treatment combined with bcg vaccination reduces disease reactivation in guinea pigs infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | bacillus-calmette-guerin (bcg), the only human tuberculosis vaccine, primes a partially protective immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans and animals. in guinea pigs, bcg vaccination slows the progression of disease and reduces the severity of necrotic granulomas, which harbor a population of drug-tolerant bacilli. the objective of this study was to determine if reducing disease severity by bcg vaccination of guinea pigs prior to m. tuberculosis challenge enhanced ... | 2012 | 22244979 |
| structure of ddn, the deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase from mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in bioreductive activation of pa-824. | tuberculosis continues to be a global health threat, making bicyclic nitroimidazoles an important new class of therapeutics. a deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (ddn) from mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyzes the reduction of nitroimidazoles such as pa-824, resulting in intracellular release of lethal reactive nitrogen species. the n-terminal 30 residues of ddn are functionally important but are flexible or access multiple conformations, preventing structural characterization of the full-leng ... | 2012 | 22244759 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detected by modified fluorescent in situ hybridization in lymph nodes of clinical samples. | lymph node tuberculosis (tb) is the leading cause of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and is the most frequently identified type in aguascalientes, mexico. conventional diagnosis has serious limitations for rapid detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in clinical samples. here pcr and modified fish have been tested as complementary diagnosis methods for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. | 2012 | 22240430 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes regulatory t-cell expansion via induction of programmed death-1 ligand 1 (pd-l1, cd274) on dendritic cells. | | 2012 | 22238465 |
| a highly efficient ziehl-neelsen stain: identifying de novo intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis and improving detection of extracellular m. tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid. | tuberculous meningitis leads to a devastating outcome, and early diagnosis and rapid chemotherapy are vital to reduce morbidity and mortality. since mycobacterium tuberculosis is a kind of cytozoic pathogen and its numbers are very few in cerebrospinal fluid, detecting m. tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid from tuberculous meningitis patients is still a challenge for clinicians. ziehl-neelsen stain, the current feasible microbiological method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, often needs a lar ... | 2012 | 22238448 |
| genotype mtbdrplus for direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in strains from gold miners in south africa. | genotype mtbdrplus is a molecular assay for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance. assay performance as applied directly to consecutive unselected sputum samples has not been established. the objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the mtbdrplus test for direct detection of m. tuberculosis (in sputum) and for drug resistance in consecutively submitted sputum samples. in this cross-sectional study in south africa, one sputum specimen from each person suspect ... | 2012 | 22238443 |
| tuberculous peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis. | even though rare, tuberculous peritonitis (tbp) in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) is a perilous condition. physicians worry about continuing treatment of their patients, whether to continue this modality of dialysis or switch to hemodialysis. a retrospective cohort study of 89 patients undergoing capd over a 12-year period was carried out for any episode of peritonitis with the objectives to find out the incidence of tbp in these patients, evaluation of patients' 3- ... | 2012 | 22237217 |
| recovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis from löwenstein-jensen media contaminated with other organisms. | growth of contaminating organisms along with mycobacterium tuberculosis on löwenstein-jensen (lj) medium is common. however, there is no documented evidence on the decontamination procedure adopted in mycobacteriology laboratories to recover m. tuberculosis from the contaminants grown on lj medium. at the national institute for research in tuberculosis, of 1048 lj slopes with m. tuberculosis received from intermediate reference laboratories, 98 (9%) were contaminated. of these, 87 (89%) m. tuber ... | 2012 | 22236924 |
| the tdr tuberculosis strain bank: a resource for basic science, tool development and diagnostic services. | the special programme for research and training in tropical diseases recently launched a mycobacterium tuberculosis strain bank (tdr-tb strain bank). | 2012 | 22236841 |
| pre-existing isoniazid resistance, but not the genotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis drives rifampicin resistance codon preference in vitro. | both the probability of a mutation occurring and the ability of the mutant to persist will influence the distribution of mutants that arise in a population. we studied the interaction of these factors for the in vitro selection of rifampicin (rif)-resistant mutants of mycobacterium tuberculosis. we characterised two series of spontaneous rif-resistant in vitro mutants from isoniazid (inh)-sensitive and -resistant laboratory strains and clinical isolates, representing various m. tuberculosis geno ... | 2012 | 22235262 |
| anti-mycobacterial diynes from the canadian medicinal plant aralia nudicaulis. | aralia nudicaulis, or wild sarsaparilla, is used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of various illnesses by many of the canadian first nations. iroquois and algonquin first nations of eastern canada use a tea prepared from dried aralia nudicaulis rhizome as a cough medicine and for the treatment of tuberculosis. previous investigations of aqueous extracts of aralia nudicaulis rhizomes have shown it to possess antimycobacterial activity. | 2012 | 22234257 |
| total hip replacement infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis complicated by addison disease and psoas muscle abscess: a case report. | prosthetic joint infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis is occasionally encountered in clinical practice. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a prosthetic joint infection due to mycobacterium tuberculosis complicated by psoas abscesses and secondary addison disease. | 2012 | 22233936 |
| molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of histidinol phosphate aminotransferase (hisc2) from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | hisc2 from mycobacterium tuberculosis was overexpressed in m. smegmatis and purified to homogeneity using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid metal-affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. diffraction-quality crystals were grown using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique from a condition consisting of 7 mg ml(-1) hisc2 (in 20 mm tris ph 8.8, 50 mm nacl and 5% glycerol), 1 m succinic acid ph 7.0, 0.1 m hepes ph 7.0 and 1%(w/v) polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2000. the crystals belonged to ... | 2012 | 22232166 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission over an 11-year period in a low-incidence, urban setting. | montreal, canada, has a mean annual tuberculosis (tb) incidence of 9 per 100,000 population, 1996-2007. | 2012 | 22230764 |