| multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in multi-ethnic region, xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. | the multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) has emerged as a global threat. xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region and suffered second highest incidence of tb in china. however, epidemiological information on mdr and xdr tb is scarcely investigated. | 2012 | 22384153 |
| troublesome tuberculosis: a case report on multi-focal tuberculous osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient. | bone and joint tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating condition that leads to progressive damage and even deformity of joints. it may affect one or multiple sites. it could present in a myriad of ways which may result in an incorrect diagnosis being made. common misdiagnoses include seronegative inflammatory arthritis, septic arthritis, malignancy, osteoporotic fractures and mechanical type back pain. it was initially only diagnosed in patients with previous active tuberculosis or latent tubercu ... | 2012 | 22383933 |
| feasibility of a simple drainage system in cameroonian children after thoracotomy and decortication for empyema thoracis. | to analyse the outcome of children with empyema thoracis treated by decortication followed by a simple drainage system. | 2012 | 22382101 |
| ferric haem forms of mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase probed by epr spectroscopy: their stability and interplay with ph. | low temperature epr spectroscopy was used to characterise mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase in its resting ferric haem state. several high spin ferric haem forms and no low spin forms were found in the enzyme samples frozen in methanol on dry ice. the epr spectra depended not only on the ph but also on the buffer type. as a general trend, the higher the ph, the greater the 'rhombic' fraction of the high spin ferric haem that was observed. the rhombic form was characterised by well s ... | 2012 | 22381358 |
| the role of the third acid-fast bacillus smear in tuberculosis screening for infection control purposes: a controversial topic revisited. | recent studies have suggested that two negative acid-fast bacillus (afb) smears may be as effective as three when screening patients with suspected mycobacterium tuberculosis for respiratory isolation purposes. however, current recommendations in canada, the united states and europe still support a three-smear approach. | 2011 | 22379486 |
| passenger contact investigation associated with a transport driver with pulmonary tuberculosis. | in october 2008, pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) was diagnosed in a driver who had transported 762 passengers in the district of columbia metropolitan area during his infectious period. a passenger contact investigation was conducted by the six public health jurisdictions because of concern that some passengers might be infected with hiv or have other medical conditions that put them at increased risk for developing tb disease if infected. | 2017 | 22379220 |
| detection of resistance to second-line antituberculosis drugs by use of the genotype mtbdrsl assay: a multicenter evaluation and feasibility study. | the rate of multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) has been steadily increasing in countries of the former ussr. the availability of rapid and reliable methods for the detection of drug resistance to second-line drugs is vital for adequate patient management. we evaluated the performance of the genotype mtbdrsl assay compared to that of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (becton dickinson bactec mgit 960 system) with a test panel of 200 mycobacterium ... | 2012 | 22378910 |
| real-time molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis by direct genotyping of smear-positive clinical specimens. | we applied miru-vntr (mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat typing) to directly analyze the bacilli present in 61 stain-positive specimens from tuberculosis patients. a complete miru type (24 loci) was obtained for all but one (no amplification in one locus) of the specimens (98.4%), and the allelic values fully correlated with those obtained from the corresponding cultures. our study is the first to demonstrate that real-time genotyping of mycobacterium tuberc ... | 2012 | 22378907 |
| mixed tuberculosis infections in rural south vietnam. | tuberculosis patients may be infected with or have disease caused by more than one mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, usually referred to as "mixed infections." these have mainly been observed in settings with a very high tuberculosis incidence and/or high hiv prevalence. we assessed the rate of mixed infections in a population-based study in rural vietnam, where the prevalences of both hiv and tuberculosis are substantially lower than those in previous studies looking at mixed infections. in to ... | 2012 | 22378903 |
| genetic diversity of iranian clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | in the current study we aimed to execute a rather less complicated molecular tying method, i.e. the random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis to find the heterogeneity of iranian strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. the isolates comprised a total of 96 strains of m. tuberculosis collected from clinical specimens of patients in isfahan and tehran. the isolates were assigned to the species m. tuberculosis by the key conventional and molecular methods. they were then subjected to ra ... | 2012 | 22378554 |
| using genotyping and geospatial scanning to estimate recent mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, united states. | to determine the proportion of reported tuberculosis (tb) cases due to recent transmission in the united states, we conducted a cross-sectional study to examine culture-positive tb cases with complete genotype results (spoligotyping and 12-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat typing) reported during january 2005-december 2009. recently transmitted cases were defined as cases with matching results reported within statistically significant geospatial zones ... | 2012 | 22377473 |
| discordance in mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampin susceptibility. | | 2012 | 22377132 |
| [advances in the study of mycobacterium tuberculosis protein phosphatase and its inhibitors]. | reversible protein phosphorylation regulates multiple biochemical events. mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases play important roles in regulating the pathogen physiology and interference of host signaling. they are also involved in the evasion of host immune response and blockage of the phagosome-lysosome fusion. selective inhibition of phosphatase represents an ideal new avenue of anti-tuberculosis drug design. in this paper, we update the progresses about the regulation network of mycobacte ... | 2011 | 22375413 |
| management of children exposed to multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | children exposed to multidrug-resistant (mdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis are at risk of developing mdr tuberculosis. where treatment is available, it is lengthy, expensive, and associated with poor adherence and notable morbidity and mortality. preventive treatment effectively lowers the risk of disease progression for contacts of individuals with drug-susceptible tuberculosis, but this strategy is poorly studied for contacts of people with mdr tuberculosis. in this review we discuss the managem ... | 2012 | 22373591 |
| a new approach for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | pyrazinamide (pza) is an important drug in the treatment of tuberculosis. microbiological methods of pza susceptibility testing are controversial and have low reproducibility. after conversion of pza into pyrazinoic acid (poa) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase enzyme, the drug is expelled from the bacteria by an efflux pump. | 2012 | 22372927 |
| devr (dosr) binding peptide inhibits adaptation of mycobacterium tuberculosis under hypoxia. | devr is a key regulator of the dormancy response in mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb). using devr as bait to screen a phage display library, a peptide, devrs1, was obtained. devrs1 inhibited devr-regulated transcription and survival of nonreplicating tubercle bacilli in a hypoxia model of dormancy. devrs1 peptide-mediated inhibition demonstrates the efficacy of intercepting devr function to block hypoxic adaptation of m. tb. | 2012 | 22372912 |
| diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis using fine needle aspiration biopsy. | tuberculous lymphadenitis is the commonest form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. however, the optimal approach to diagnosis, employing biopsy by either fine needle aspiration (fna) or surgical excision, remains uncertain. | 2012 | 22372860 |
| rplc t460c identified as a dominant mutation in linezolid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. | the ribosomal l3 protein was identified as a novel target in linezolid (lzd)-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. next-generation sequencing confirmed rplc t460c as the sole mutation in an lzd-resistant m. tuberculosis h37rv strain selected in vitro. sequencing analysis revealed the rplc t460c mutation in eight further lzd-resistant isolates (three in vitro-selected mutants and five patient isolates, including isolates from three different patients that developed lzd resistance during t ... | 2012 | 22371899 |
| abnormal spontaneous interleukin 8 receptor expression: a brief report of two cases. | interleukin 8 (cxcl8) is an autocrine chemokine specific for the chemoattraction and activation of granulocytes, nkt cells and t lymphocytes. patients with tuberculosis and latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were assessed for the spontaneous expression of cxcr1 (cd128) and cxcr2 on lymphocytes and monocytes. compared with ex vivo profiles, increased spontaneous cxcr2 expression and normal cxcr1 expression were found on lymphocytes in two out of 59 individuals. monocytes showed normal ex ... | 2012 | 22370847 |
| drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in southern brazil. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt) strains with mutations that could result in resistance to the main drugs used in treatment in a region with one of the highest numbers of tuberculosis (tb) cases in southern brazil. | 2012 | 22370836 |
| mtb9.9 protein family: an immunodominant antigen family of mycobacterium tuberculosis induces humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. | tuberculosis (tb) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. this study evaluated the immune response in mice to members of the mtb9.9 protein family. c57bl/6 mice were immunized with four different mtb9.9 recombinant proteins to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune responses to each protein. mouse splenocytes from these mice were stimulated in vitro for 72 h with the mtb9.9 proteins. concentrations of the cytokines interferon (ifn)-γ and tumor necrosis α (tnf-α) in the culture s ... | 2012 | 22370518 |
| a simple and economical in-house phage technique for the rapid detection of rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis, directly on decontaminated sputum samples. | the early detection of drug resistance would be a boon for tb control programs. the aim of the present study was to set up a rapid phage assay for the testing of drug susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin, directly on decontaminated sputum samples. | 2012 | 22369736 |
| regioselective glycosylation method using partially protected arabino- and galactofuranosyl thioglycosides as key glycosylating substrates and its application to one-pot synthesis of oligofuranoses. | we describe in this paper the development of a novel regioselective furanosylation methodology using partially protected furanosyl thioglycosides as central glycosylating building blocks and its application in the efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of linear and branched-type arabino- and galactofuranoside fragments structurally related to the cell wall polysaccharides of mycobacterium tuberculosis , streptococcus pneumoniae serostype 35a, and sugar beet. | 2012 | 22369586 |
| ip-10 release assays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection: current status and future directions. | the current state-of-the-art tests for infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis - the ifn-γ release assays - rely on accurate measurement of the cytokine ifn-γ. many other potential biomarkers are expressed in concert with ifn-γ, and ip-10 in particular has shown promising results. ip-10 is produced in large amounts, allowing for the development of new and simplified test platforms, such as lateral flow. in this review, we summarize the results of 22 clinical studies exploring the use of ip-10 ... | 2012 | 22369377 |
| lipoarabinomannan in urine during tuberculosis treatment: association with host and pathogen factors and mycobacteriuria. | detection of lipoarabinomannan (lam), a mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) cell wall antigen, is a potentially attractive diagnostic. however, the lam-elisa assay has demonstrated variable sensitivity in diagnosing tb in diverse clinical populations. we therefore explored pathogen and host factors potentially impacting lam detection. | 2012 | 22369353 |
| trisubstituted imidazoles as mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase inhibitors. | mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (mtgs) is a promising target for antituberculosis drug discovery. in a recent high-throughput screening study we identified several classes of mtgs inhibitors targeting the atp-binding site. we now explore one of these classes, the 2-tert-butyl-4,5-diarylimidazoles, and present the design, synthesis, and x-ray crystallographic studies leading to the identification of mtgs inhibitors with submicromolar ic(50) values and promising antituberculosis mi ... | 2012 | 22369127 |
| [intratumor injection of recombinant attenuated salmonella carrying mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes to suppress murine melanoma growth]. | to study the effection of suppression murine melanoma growth by intratumor injection of recombinant attenuated salmonella carrying heat shock protein 70 and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes. | 2012 | 22366015 |
| sitvitweb--a publicly available international multimarker database for studying mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology. | among various genotyping methods to study mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) genotypic polymorphism, spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of dna tandem repeats (miru-vntrs) have recently gained international approval as robust, fast, and reproducible typing methods generating data in a portable format. spoligotyping constituted the backbone of a publicly available database spoldb4 released in 2006; nonetheless this method possesses a low discriminat ... | 2012 | 22365971 |
| the role of the β5-α11 loop in the active-site dynamics of acylated penicillin-binding protein a from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | penicillin-binding protein a (pbpa) is a class b penicillin-binding protein that is important for cell division in mycobacterium tuberculosis. we have determined a second crystal structure of pbpa in apo form and compared it with an earlier structure of apoenzyme. significant structural differences in the active site region are apparent, including increased ordering of a β-hairpin loop and a shift of the sxn active site motif such that it now occupies a position that appears catalytically compet ... | 2012 | 22365933 |
| cholesterol catabolism by mycobacterium tuberculosis requires transcriptional and metabolic adaptations. | to understand the adaptation of mycobacterium tuberculosis to the intracellular environment, we used comprehensive metabolite profiling to identify the biochemical pathways utilized during growth on cholesterol, a critical carbon source during chronic infection. metabolic alterations observed during cholesterol catabolism centered on propionyl-coa and pyruvate pools. consequently, growth on this substrate required the transcriptional induction of the propionyl-coa-assimilating methylcitrate cycl ... | 2012 | 22365605 |
| characterizing mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from karachi, pakistan: drug resistance and genotypes. | to study the prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in karachi. | 2012 | 22365136 |
| use of immunochromatographic assay for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from liquid culture. | a new, simple immunochromatographic assay for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in liquid cultures has been developed. the principle of the assay is binding of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specific antigen to the monoclonal antibody conjugated on the test strip. the aim of this study is evaluation of the performance of immunochromatographic assay in identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in primary positive liquid cultures of bact/alert automated ... | 2012 | 22364301 |
| identification of putative biomarkers for the serodiagnosis of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | early diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can prevent most deaths resulting from this pathogen; however, multidrug-resistant strains present serious threats to global tuberculosis control and prevention efforts. in this study, we identified antigens that could be used for the serodiagnosis of drug-resistant m. tuberculosis strains, using a proteomics-based analysis. | 2012 | 22364187 |
| a bispecific antibody based assay shows potential for detecting tuberculosis in resource constrained laboratory settings. | the re-emergence of tuberculosis (tb) as a global public health threat highlights the necessity of rapid, simple and inexpensive point-of-care detection of the disease. early diagnosis of tb is vital not only for preventing the spread of the disease but also for timely initiation of treatment. the later in turn will reduce the possible emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. lipoarabinomannan (lam) is an important non-protein antigen of the bacterial cell wall, w ... | 2012 | 22363820 |
| high-resolution melting analysis for the rapid detection of fluoroquinolone and streptomycin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | molecular methods for the detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis are potentially more rapid than conventional culture-based drug susceptibility testing, facilitating the commencement of appropriate treatment for patients with drug resistant tuberculosis. we aimed to develop and evaluate high-resolution melting (hrm) assays for the detection of mutations within gyra, rpsl, and rrs, for the determination of fluoroquinolone and streptomycin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). | 2012 | 22363772 |
| differentiation and recruitment of th9 cells stimulated by pleural mesothelial cells in human mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | newly discovered il-9-producing cd4(+) helper t cells (th9 cells) have been reported to contribute to tissue inflammation and immune responses, however, differentiation and immune regulation of th9 cells in tuberculosis remain unknown. in the present study, our data showed that increased th9 cells with the phenotype of effector memory cells were found to be in tuberculous pleural effusion as compared with blood. tgf-β was essential for th9 cell differentiation from naïve cd4(+) t cells stimulate ... | 2012 | 22363712 |
| tuberculosis and hiv co-infection. | tuberculosis (tb) and hiv co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems and pose particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. infection with hiv is the most powerful known risk factor predisposing for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent tb reactivation 20-fold. tb is also the most common cause of aids-related death. thus, m. tuberculosis and hiv act in synergy, accelerating the decline of immunological fun ... | 2012 | 22363214 |
| diagnostic accuracy of a urine lipoarabinomannan strip-test for tb detection in hiv-infected hospitalised patients. | lack of point-of-care tests for tuberculosis (tb) result in diagnostic delay, and increased mortality and healthcare-related costs. the urine determine(tm) tb-lam point-of-care strip-test was evaluated in 335 prospectively-recruited hospitalised patients with suspected tb-hiv co-infection (group 1) and from 88 hiv-infected hospitalised patients with non-tb diagnoses (group 2). cut-off point-specific analyses were performed using: 1) a microbiological reference standard (culture positive versus n ... | 2012 | 22362849 |
| comparison of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tube method with the conventional method and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rifampicin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | colorimetric methods are cheap, reproducible, and rapid methods of detecting drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. the mtt (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method is one such technique that has been established in our laboratory to detect rifampicin resistance. the present study compared the results of the mtt method with those of the proportion method and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) in order to establish sensitivity and specificity of mtt. ... | 2016 | 22361766 |
| utility of genotype mtbdrplus assay in rapid diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre in india. | molecular methods which allow rapid detection of tuberculosis as well as drug resistance directly from clinical samples have become the most popular diagnostic methodology with the emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a line probe assay, genotype mtbdrplus for the rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mutations causing rifampicin and inh resistance directly in smear positive pulmonary specimens and also in m. t ... | 2013 | 22361762 |
| anti-mycobacterial activities of some cationic and anionic calix[4]arene derivatives. | various polycharged calix[4]arenes were assayed as anti-mycobacterial agents against mycobacterium tuberculosis, h(37)rv strain. the sulfonate, carboxylate and phosphonate anionic species displayed no activity. cationic derivatives integrating four aminoethyl groups at the upper rim and two 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl- or 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bithiazolyl subunits at the lower rim were also found inactive against m. tuberculosis, while the unsubstituded and the 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl-analogu ... | 2012 | 22361273 |
| cd19(+)cd1d(+)cd5(+) b cell frequencies are increased in patients with tuberculosis and suppress th17 responses. | although the importance of b cells in the host immune response upon mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been recognized, a conclusive role for b cells has yet to be determined. in the present study, we found that primary cd19(+) b cells isolated from patients with tuberculosis significantly inhibited th17, but not th1, cell activation. moreover, the suppressive activity was mediated by a cd19(+)cd1d(+)cd5(+) b cell population. notably, patients with tuberculosis were found to have significa ... | 2012 | 22361174 |
| the enolization chemistry of a thioester-dependent racemase: the 1.4 å crystal structure of a reaction intermediate complex characterized by detailed qm/mm calculations. | in the active site of the bacterial α-methylacyl-coa racemase of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mcr), the chirality of the 2-methyl branched c2-atom is interconverted between (s) and (r) isomers. protein crystallographic data and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (qm/mm) computational approaches show that this interconversion is achieved via a planar enolate intermediate. the crystal structure, at 1.4 å, visualizes the mode of binding of a reaction intermediate analogue, 2-methylacetoacetyl-coa ... | 2012 | 22360758 |
| evaluation of the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis with metabolic activity in culture-negative human clinical samples. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is assumed to remain in a quiescent state during latent infection, being unable to grow in culture. the aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of viable but non-cultivable bacilli with metabolic activity in human clinical samples using a procedure that is independent of the immunological status of the patient. the study was performed on 66 human clinical samples, from patients subjected to routine diagnosis to rule out a mycobacterial infection. specimens from ... | 2013 | 22360423 |
| mycobacterium under afm tip: advantages of polyelectrolyte modified substrate. | immobilization of bacterial cells onto surfaces is critical for imaging with an atomic force microscope. in this paper, polyethylenimine (pei) coated silicon plates are shown to be suitable for immobilizing and imaging mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2012 | 26786951 |
| the performance of tofu-whey as a liquid medium in the propagation of mycobacterium tuberculosis strain h37rv. | to investigate the performance of "tofu-whey liquid medium" for the propagation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strain h37rv. | 2012 | 26786949 |
| rapid molecular testing for multi-resistant tuberculosis in mongolia: a diagnostic accuracy study. | the aim of this study was to assess the performance of a molecular line probe assay, genotype® mtbdrplus, for rapid detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in the mongolian situation. the sensitivity and specificity of genotype® mtbdrplus to detect rifampicin and isoniazid resistance-associated mutations in culture specimens and directly in smear-positive clinical specimens was examined. | 2012 | 26786948 |
| detection of isoniazid and rifampin resistance of mycobacteriumtuberculosis by a multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. | the use of molecular techniques is a major improvement for the rapid routine detection and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb). | 2012 | 26786947 |
| time series cross-correlation analysis of hiv seropositivity and pulmonary tuberculosis among migrants entering kuwait. | there is a paucity of published data on burden and pattern of dual infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and hiv among migrants from south asia, south-east asia and sub-saharan africa entering the middle-east, particularly kuwait. therefore, this study assessed the overall prevalence of hiv infection and pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) and evaluated the ecological relationship between them. | 2012 | 26786946 |
| first insight into the genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from patients in duhok, iraq. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotypic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains using is6110 rflp, spoligotyping and miru-vntr typing. | 2012 | 26786944 |
| patterns of antituberculous drug resistance in eastern saudi arabia: a 7-year surveillance study from 1/2003 to 6/2010. | to examine the patterns of antituberculous drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the eastern province of the kingdom of saudi arabia. | 2012 | 23856399 |
| suppression of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity in human monocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients by reduced glutathione. | the etiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus remains unknown, evidence exists for the involvement of mycobacterial antigen. this study is aimed to determine the effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis on clinical course of sle patients and the role of ros and tnf-α in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis associated sle patients. | 2012 | 22359719 |
| improved control of tuberculosis and activation of macrophages in mice lacking protein kinase r. | host factors that microbial pathogens exploit for their propagation are potential targets for therapeuic countermeasures. no host enzyme has been identified whose genetic absence benefits the intact mammalian host in vivo during infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), the leading cause of death from bacterial infection. here, we report that the dsrna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) is such an enzyme. pkr-deficient mice contained fewer viable mtb and showed less pulmonary pathology than w ... | 2012 | 22359543 |
| [surveillance of resistance to antitubercular drugs in cuba, 2000-2009]. | determine the prevalence of resistance to antitubercular drugs in cuba in the 2000-2009 decade. | 2011 | 22358412 |
| rational design of diagnostic and vaccination strategies for tuberculosis. | the development of diagnostic tests which can readily differentiate between vaccinated and tuberculosis-infected individuals is crucial for the wider utilization of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) as vaccine in humans and animals. bcg_0092 is an antigen that elicits specific delayed type hypersensitivity reactions similar in size and morphological aspects to that elicited by purified protein derivative, in both animals and humans infected with the tubercle bacilli. we carried out bioinformatics a ... | 2017 | 22358359 |
| detection of genomic mutations in katg, inha and rpob genes of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using polymerase chain reaction and multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. | isoniazid (inh) and rifampin (rif) are the most effective first line antibiotics against mycobacterium tuberculosis. mutations in several genes determine resistance of m. tuberculosis to inh, with the most common gene target of katg, and resistance to rif is due to mutation in rpob gene. the aim of present study was to assess the mutations in the regions related to rif and inh resistance. | 2017 | 22358357 |
| gyra mutations and phenotypic susceptibility levels to ofloxacin and moxifloxacin in clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | to compare mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyra gene and flanking sequences with the mics of ofloxacin and moxifloxacin for mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2012 | 22357804 |
| rapid direct testing of susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid and rifampin on nutrient and blood agar in resource-starved settings. | in this study, we evaluated the performance of blood agar (by macroscopic growth) and nutrient agar (by a microcolony detection method) for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis against rifampin (rif) and isoniazid (inh), using 67 smear-positive sputum specimens. the direct proportion method on lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium was used as the "gold standard." compared with lj medium, results for both media were in 100% agreement for rif, while for inh the agreement levels for bl ... | 2012 | 22357498 |
| how host heterogeneity governs tuberculosis reinfection? | recurrent episodes of tuberculosis (tb) can be due to relapse of latent infection or exogenous reinfection, and discrimination is crucial for control planning. molecular genotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates offers concrete opportunities to measure the relative contribution of reinfection in recurrent disease. here, a mathematical model of tb transmission is fitted to data from 14 molecular epidemiology studies, enabling the estimation of relevant epidemiological parameters. meta-ana ... | 2012 | 22357260 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cd44 surface expression in monocytes. | cd44, an adhesion molecule, has been reported to be a binding site for mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) in macrophages and it also mediates mycobacterial phagocytosis, macrophage recruitment and protective immunity against pulmonary tuberculosis in vivo. however, the signalling pathways that are involved in m. tuberculosis-induced cd44 surface expression in monocytic cells are currently unknown. exposure of thp-1 human monocytes to m. tuberculosis h37rv and h37ra induced distinct, ti ... | 2012 | 22357202 |
| targeting tuberculosis: a glimpse of promising drug targets. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis has emerged as the biggest curse of our time causing significant morbidity and mortality. increasing resistance in mycobacterium to existing drugs calls for exploration of metabolic pathways for finding novel drug targets and also for prioritization of known drug targets. recent advances in molecular biology, bioinformatics and structural biology coupled with availability of m. tuberculosis genome sequence have provided much needed boost to drug ... | 2012 | 22356190 |
| multifunctional cd4 t cell responses in patients with active tuberculosis. | the roles of multifunctional cd4 t cells in human tuberculosis are not well defined. in this study, we found that patients with tuberculosis had decreased pma/ionomycin stimulated multifunctional cd4 t cells, and increased mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific multifunctional cd4 t cells, when compared to individuals with latent tuberculosis infection and healthy controls. pma/ionomycin stimulated ifn-γ+il-2+tnf-α+ cd4 t cell responses were decreased in patients with smear-positive tubercu ... | 2012 | 22355730 |
| glycation of calmodulin binding domain of inos may increase the chance of occurrence of tuberculosis in chronic diabetic state. | tuberculosis is known to occur more in cases of chronic diabetes mellitus. the exact cause of such an association is mostly unknown. recently we have shown using tools of computational biology that glycation of the subunits of respiratory burst enzyme nadph oxidase may impair intra-macrophage killing of mycobacterium tuberculosis. since glycation of proteins including subunits of nadph oxidase will be significantly increased in long standing uncontrolled diabetes we have concluded that it may be ... | 2011 | 22355231 |
| targeted intracellular delivery of antituberculosis drugs to mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages via functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. | delivery of antituberculosis drugs by nanoparticles offers potential advantages over free drug, including the potential to target specifically the tissues and cells that are infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis, thereby simultaneously increasing therapeutic efficacy and decreasing systemic toxicity, and the capacity for prolonged release of drug, thereby allowing less-frequent dosing. we have employed mesoporous silica nanoparticle (msnp) drug delivery systems either equipped with a polyethyle ... | 2012 | 22354311 |
| presentation of tuberculosis as isolated massive pericardial effusion in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. | the case of a 60 year old male patient, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with recurrent massive pericardial effusion, and unresponsive to treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is documented. pericardial biopsy proved tuberculous pericarditis with positive fluid culture for mycobacterium tuberculosis. anti-tuberculous treatment was started along with corticosteroids. follow up after three months showed no evidence of pericardial effusion. | 2012 | 22352108 |
| autofluorescence--an important ancillary technique for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis: revisited. | tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. lymph nodes are the most common site of extrapulmonary involvement. tuberculous lymphadenitis can be presumptively diagnosed morphologically on fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. additional tests like ziehl-neelsen (zn) stain for detection of acid fast bacilli, fluorescence, and molecular markers are often employed for confirmation of diagnosis. however, culture is essential ... | 2013 | 22351040 |
| expression of toll-like receptor 2 and plasma level of interleukin-10 are associated with outcome in tuberculosis. | toll-like receptor (tlr) 2-mediated innate immunity is an important defense system against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. studies on tlr2 protein expression and downstream cytokines in tuberculosis patients are lacking. tlr2 expression in the peripheral blood monocytes of 87 tuberculosis patients and 94 healthy subjects was evaluated using flow cytometry. tlr2 expression and its downstream cytokines, including interleukin (il)-6, il-10, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, and interferon-ga ... | 2012 | 22350388 |
| use of a molecular diagnostic test in afb smear positive tuberculosis suspects greatly reduces time to detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. | the who has recommended the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests to detect and help combat m/xdr tuberculosis (tb). there are limited data on the performance and impact of these tests in field settings. | 2012 | 22347495 |
| independent large scale duplications in multiple m. tuberculosis lineages overlapping the same genomic region. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of most human tuberculosis, infects one third of the world's population and kills an estimated 1.7 million people a year. with the world-wide emergence of drug resistance, and the finding of more functional genetic diversity than previously expected, there is a renewed interest in understanding the forces driving genome evolution of this important pathogen. genetic diversity in m. tuberculosis is dominated by single nucleotide polymorphisms and sma ... | 2012 | 22347359 |
| suppression of the nf-κb pathway by diesel exhaust particles impairs human antimycobacterial immunity. | epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to respiratory infections, including tuberculosis in humans. a possible link between particulate air pollutant exposure and antimycobacterial immunity has not been explored in human primary immune cells. we hypothesized that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (dep), a major component of urban fine particulate matter, suppresses antimycobacterial human immune effector cell functions by modulating tlr ... | 2012 | 22345648 |
| doxycycline and hiv infection suppress tuberculosis-induced matrix metalloproteinases. | tuberculosis kills more than 1.5 million people per year, and standard treatment has remained unchanged for more than 30 years. tuberculosis (tb) drives matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) activity to cause immunopathology. in advanced hiv infection, tissue destruction is reduced, but underlying mechanisms are poorly defined and no current antituberculous therapy reduces host tissue damage. | 2012 | 22345579 |
| clinical application of an in-house elispot assay in patients with suspicious tuberculous uveitis and no signs of active tuberculosis. | the purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in uveitis patients using an elispot-ifn-gamma (elispot-mtp) assay and a tuberculin skin test (tst). | 2012 | 22344468 |
| inhibition of mycolic acid transport across the mycobacterium tuberculosis plasma membrane. | new chemotherapeutics active against multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis are urgently needed. we report on the identification of an adamantyl urea compound that shows potent bactericidal activity against m. tuberculosis and a unique mode of action, namely the abolition of the translocation of mycolic acids from the cytoplasm, where they are synthesized to the periplasmic side of the plasma membrane and are in turn transferred onto cell wall arabinogalactan or used in the formation of ... | 2012 | 22344175 |
| data-driven insights into deletions of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex chromosomal dr region using spoligoforests. | biomarkers of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) mutate over time. among the biomarkers of mtbc, spacer oligonucleotide type (spoligotype) and mycobacterium interspersed repetitive unit (miru) patterns are commonly used to genotype clinical mtbc strains. in this study, we present an evolution model of spoligotype rearrangements using miru patterns to disambiguate the ancestors of spoligotypes, in a large patient dataset from the united states centers for disease control and prevention (cd ... | 2011 | 22343484 |
| online tools for polyphasic analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genotyping data: now and next. | molecular diagnostics and genotyping of pathogens have become indispensable tools in clinical microbiology and disease surveillance. for isolates of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc, causative agents of tuberculosis), multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) targeting mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) has been internationally adopted as the new standard, portable, reproducible, and discriminatory typing method. here, we review new sets of specialized ... | 2012 | 22342955 |
| multiplex allele specific pcr for rapid detection of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. | effective tuberculosis (tb) control is hindered by lack of rapid diagnostic tests for detection of drug-resistant tb (dr-tb). use of molecular tools for rapid detection of multi-and extensively- dr-tb, could facilitate early initiation of appropriate anti-tubercular treatment (att) regimen thereby interrupting transmission. understanding the urgent situation, we standardized and evaluated 4 individual multiplex allele specific pcr (mas-pcr) assays on 450 sputum specimens for mycobacterium tuberc ... | 2012 | 22342856 |
| genetic diversity, population structure and drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis in peru. | this paper presents the first evaluation of the molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis in peru. we characterised 323 isolates using spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable number tandem repeats (miru-vntr) typing. we aimed to determine the levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among and within peruvian isolates and the epidemiological factors which may be driving patterns of population structure and evolution of m. tuberculosis in pe ... | 2012 | 22342744 |
| dynamic and complex mycobacterium tuberculosis microevolution unrevealed by standard genotyping. | we performed an in-depth analysis of a large mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster involving nine isolates with identical or highly similar rflp types. the strain involved in this transmission cluster microevolved and accumulated up to five differential is6110 transposition events, several of them not revealed by standard genotyping approaches. some of these events probably generated extended deletions. in two cases of tuberculosis within the cluster, we observed the simultaneous presence of both t ... | 2012 | 22342248 |
| synergistic effect of two combinations of antituberculous drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | fluoroquinolones such as ofloxacin are promising drugs to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis (tb) and have been proposed for shortening the treatment of tb. the objectives were to study the synergistic effect of the combinations of three drugs and to evaluate the in vitro interactions of the following combinations against mycobacterium tuberculosis: a) isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol and b) ofloxacin, rifampicin, and ethambutol using an adaptation of the two-dimensional chequerboard assay. ... | 2012 | 22342247 |
| structure and function of mycobacterium tuberculosis meso-diaminopimelic acid (dap) biosynthetic enzymes. | because of an increased emergence of resistance to current antitubercular drugs, there is a need for new antitubercular agents directed against novel targets. diaminopimelic acid (dap) biosynthetic enzymes are unique to bacteria and are absent in mammals and provide a rich source of essential targets for antitubercular chemotherapy. herein, we review the structure and function of the mycobacterial dap biosynthetic enzymes. | 2012 | 22339732 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis two-component systems and implications in novel vaccines and drugs. | communication is vital for nearly all organisms to survive and thrive. for some particularly successful intracellular pathogens, a robust and precise signal transduction system is imperative for handling the complex, volatile, and harsh niche. the communication network of the etiology of tuberculosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb), namely two-component system (tcs), the eukaryotic-like ser/thr protein kinases(stpks) system, the protein tyrosine kinase(ptk) system and the extracytoplasmic fun ... | 2012 | 22339658 |
| immunity to tb and targets for immunotherapy. | for centuries the treatment of tb has presented an enormous challenge to global health. in the 20th century, the treatment of tb patients with long-term multidrug therapy gave hope that tb could be controlled and cured; however, contrary to these expectations and coinciding with the emergence of aids, the world has witnessed a rampant increase in hard-to-treat cases of tb, along with the emergence of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. unfortunately, these ... | 2012 | 22339461 |
| rapid t-cell-based immunodiagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient. | tuberculous peritonitis is a rare complication during peritoneal dialysis (pd). this report presents the case of a patient with clinical signs and symptoms indicative of bacterial peritonitis, but without culture growth of conventional bacteria or fungi. cytokine flow cytometry after overnight stimulation of cells from peripheral blood and the peritoneal dialysate with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb)-specific antigens revealed a 40-fold increase in mtb-specific cd4 + t cells expressing interfer ... | 2012 | 22339389 |
| faithful experimental models of human mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | | 2012 | 24490123 |
| suppression of dendritic cell-mediated responses by genes in calcium and cysteine protease pathways during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | with rising incidence of acquired drug resistance among life-threatening pathogens, alternative approaches to improve therapy and vaccination have taken center stage. to this end, genome-wide and pathway-specific sirna libraries are being employed increasingly to identify genes that regulate immune responses against a number of pathogens. in this study using calcium and cysteine protease pathway-specific sirna libraries, we identified genes that play critical roles in modulating diverse function ... | 2012 | 22337888 |
| childhood tuberculosis: progress requires an advocacy strategy now. | childhood tuberculosis (tb) is a preventable and curable infectious disease that remains overlooked by public health authorities, health policy makers and tb control programmes. childhood tb contributes significantly to the burden of disease and represents the failure to control transmission in the community. furthermore, the pool of infected children constitutes a reservoir of infection for the future burden of tb. it is time to prioritise childhood tb, advocate for addressing the challenges an ... | 2012 | 22337859 |
| [study on the genotypes of 260 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by spoligotyping method in jiangsu province, china]. | to study the genotypes of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) strains isolated from jiangsu province and to explore the relationship between the 'beijing family' and the drug resistance of m. tuberculosis. | 2011 | 22336611 |
| pattern recognition and cellular immune responses to novel mycobacterium tuberculosis-antigens in individuals from belarus. | tuberculosis (tb) is an enduring health problem worldwide and the emerging threat of multidrug resistant (mdr) tb and extensively drug resistant (xdr) tb is of particular concern. a better understanding of biomarkers associated with tb will aid to guide the development of better targets for tb diagnosis and for the development of improved tb vaccines. | 2012 | 22336002 |
| [evaluation of the isothermal rna amplification assay for mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples]. | to evaluate the use of isothermal rna amplification assay for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis (sat-tb) in sputum samples. | 2011 | 22333500 |
| [rapid detection of rifampin- and isoniazid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis using real-time pcr and melting curve analysis]. | to evaluate the application of a real-time pcr and melting curve analysis assay for rapid detection of rifampin and isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis). | 2011 | 22333499 |
| [history of gold--with danish contribution to tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis]. | gold has a long history as a therapeutic agent, first as gold particles and colloidal gold, then as a soluble salt made by the alchemists, and potable gold was recommended almost as a panacea against different diseases. gold compounds were introduced in the treatment of tuberculosis, based initially on the reputation of robert koch, who found gold cyanide effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultures. although several investigations of gold salts showed no convincing effect in experim ... | 2011 | 22332477 |
| vitamin d and chronic lung disease: a review of molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. | vitamin d is classically recognized for its role in calcium homeostasis and skeletal metabolism. over the last few decades, vitamin d deficiency has increased in prevalence in adults and children. potential extraskeletal effects of vitamin d have been under investigation for several diseases. several cross-sectional studies have associated lower vitamin d status with decreased lung function. this finding has prompted investigators to examine the association of vitamin d deficiency with several c ... | 2011 | 22332056 |
| pharmacokinetics of sequential doses of capreomycin powder for inhalation in guinea pigs. | the global control of tuberculosis (tb) is at risk by the spread of multidrug-resistant tb (mdr tb). treatment of mdr tb is lengthy and involves injected drugs, such as capreomycin, that have severe side effects. it was previously reported that a single daily dose of inhaled capreomycin had a positive effect on the bacterial burden of tb-infected guinea pigs. the modest effect observed was possibly due to a dose that resulted in insufficient time of exposure to therapeutic systemic and local lev ... | 2012 | 22330920 |
| an isoniazid analogue promotes mycobacterium tuberculosis-nanoparticle interactions and enhances bacterial killing by macrophages. | nanoenabled drug delivery systems against tuberculosis (tb) are thought to control pathogen replication by targeting antibiotics to infected tissues and phagocytes. however, whether nanoparticle (np)-based carriers directly interact with mycobacterium tuberculosis and how such drug delivery systems induce intracellular bacterial killing by macrophages is not defined. in the present study, we demonstrated that a highly hydrophobic citral-derived isoniazid analogue, termed jva, significantly incre ... | 2012 | 22330919 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure determines the outcome of genetics-based second-line drug resistance testing. | the global emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has highlighted the need for the development of rapid tests to identify resistance to second-line antituberculosis drugs. resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides develops through nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gyra and gyrb genes and the rrs gene, respectively. using dna sequencing as the gold standard for the detection of mutations conferring resistance, in conjunction with spoligotyping, we demonstrated h ... | 2012 | 22330913 |
| [molecular technologies in detecting sensitive and isoniazid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | two types of techniques for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism in 315 codon of katg gene of mtb are developed. isoniazid resistance of mtb is associated with point mutations in the mentioned codon. two primer sets with additional competitive blocking primer containing 3'-terminal phosphate group (for elimination of unspecific amplification) allow detecting the most frequent point mutations agc --> acc and agc --> aga in 315 codon of katg gene. pcr with primer set of two primers one of w ... | 2013 | 22329161 |
| study on the interaction between isoniazid and bovine serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy: the effect of dimethylsulfoxide. | the investigation of the binding between isoniazid (or isonicotinic acid hydrazide, inh) and serum albumin is of crucial importance to reveal the reason of resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains towards inh and to increase the anti-tuberculous activity of inh. the interaction between inh and bovine serum albumin (bsa) was studied by fluorescence, uv and ft-ir spectroscopy methods. the analysis of the emission quenching at different temperatures revealed that the quenching mechanism corresp ... | 2012 | 22327779 |
| enhanced immunity against hepatoma induced by dendritic cells pulsed with hsp70-h22 peptide complexes and cd40l. | dendritic cell (dc)-based cancer vaccines have become an attractive antitumour therapeutic approach. however, clinical application of current dc-based cancer vaccines has been limited by their ineffectiveness. heat shock protein 70 from mycobacterium tuberculosis (tbhsp70) is known to have a potent adjuvant capability to induce maturation of dcs and thus acts as an alternative ligand to the cd40 ligand (cd40l) on t cells to induce a t-cell response. the aim of this study is to investigate whethe ... | 2012 | 22327301 |
| increase in primary drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis in younger birth cohorts in france. | monitoring of primary drug resistance is of interest for long-term evaluation of the efficacy of a national tuberculosis program. the objective was to describe changes over time in primary drug resistance among new tuberculosis patients. | 2012 | 22327192 |
| screening for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in new zealand: prospective comparison between the tuberculin skin test and the quantiferon-tb gold in-tube assay. | a cross-sectional study was used to compare the "quantiferon-tb gold in-tube" assay (qft-git) to the mantoux tuberculin skin test (tst) as a test for mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) infection among healthcare workers in auckland, new zealand (nz). new employees who underwent pre-employment interviews between 1 may 2007 and 18 march 2008 were recruited. participants completed a detailed questionnaire to assess their risk of tb. all participants were tested by the qft-git and tst. multiple logisti ... | 2012 | 22327155 |