| rational development of adjunct immune-based therapies for drug-resistant tuberculosis: hypotheses and experimental designs. | the poor treatment outcomes for extensively drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the slow progress in development and evaluation of new tuberculosis drugs gave rise to development of several potential immune-based therapies for adjunct use with drug treatment. however, none of these therapies have been shown to be of benefit in controlled clinical trials in humans. there is an urgent need to rethink the immunology of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and to ascertain protec ... | 2012 | 22448017 |
| strategies and challenges involved in the discovery of new chemical entities during early-stage tuberculosis drug discovery. | there is an increasing flow of new antituberculosis chemical entities entering the tuberculosis drug development pipeline. although this is encouraging, the current number of compounds is too low to meet the demanding criteria required for registration, shorten treatment duration, treat drug-resistant infection, and address pediatric tuberculosis cases. more new chemical entities are needed urgently to supplement the pipeline and ensure that more drugs and regimens enter clinical practice. most ... | 2012 | 22448016 |
| local immune responses in human tuberculosis: learning from the site of infection. | host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis should be studied at the disease site because mycobacterium tuberculosis is predominately contained in local tissue lesions. although m. tuberculosis infection involves different clinical forms of tuberculosis, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural tuberculosis, and lymph node tuberculosis, most studies of human tuberculosis are performed using cells from the peripheral blood, which may not provide a proper reflection of the m. tuberculosis-specific i ... | 2012 | 22448014 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 60.1 inhibits leukocyte diapedesis in a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. | chaperonin 60.1 from mycobacterium tuberculosis suppressed allergic lung inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mice by a mechanism that is yet to be clarified. to investigate the possible antiinflammatory mechanism(s) of action of cpn60.1 in a model of allergic lung inflammation, ovalbumin (ova)-allergic mice were pretreated with cpn60.1 intranasally 20 minutes before each ova aerosol challenge in a total of three treatments. readouts were performed 24 hours after last challenge. pre ... | 2012 | 22447969 |
| analyses of mbtb, mbte, and mbtf suggest revisions to the mycobactin biosynthesis pathway in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the production of mycobactin (mbt) by mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for this bacterium to access iron when it is in an infected host. due to this essential function, there is considerable interest in deciphering the mechanism of mbt assembly, with the goal of targeting select biosynthetic steps for antituberculosis drug development. the proposed scheme for mbt biosynthesis involves assembly of the mbt backbone by a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps)/polyketide synthase (pks) ... | 2012 | 22447909 |
| a screen for non-coding rna in mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals a camp-responsive rna that is expressed during infection. | a key to the success of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is the bacteria's ability to survive and thrive in the presence of numerous stresses mounted by the host. small, non-coding rnas (srnas) have been shown to modulate numerous stress responses in bacteria, yet to date only two studies have screened the mtb transcriptome to identify srna. their association with oxidative and acid stress has been demonstrated but the cellular function and role of these srnas in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis ... | 2012 | 22446041 |
| why thioridazine in combination with antibiotics cures extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. | thioridazine (tdz) in combination with antibiotics to which extensively drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (xdr-tb) is initially resistant yields a cure. this is due to the fact that tdz enhances the killing of intracellular m. tuberculosis by non-killing macrophages, inhibits the genetic expression of efflux pumps of m. tuberculosis that extrude antibiotics prior to reaching their intended targets, and inhibits the activity of existing efflux pumps that contribute to the multidrug-resist ... | 2012 | 22445204 |
| proximal ligand electron donation and reactivity of the cytochrome p450 ferric-peroxo anion. | cyp125 from mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyzes sequential oxidation of the cholesterol side-chain terminal methyl group to the alcohol, aldehyde, and finally acid. here, we demonstrate that cyp125 simultaneously catalyzes the formation of five other products, all of which result from deformylation of the sterol side chain. the aldehyde intermediate is shown to be the precursor of both the conventional acid metabolite and the five deformylation products. the acid arises by protonation of the fe ... | 2012 | 22444582 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific phagosome proteome and underlying signaling pathways. | the phagosome is very important to host immunity and tissue homeostasis maintenance. the destiny of the phagosome is closely associated with the outcome of the pathogen within. most pathogens are successfully delivered to the lysosome and destroyed via the fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome. mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved multiple tactics to deflect the normal fusion process, such as delaying the phagosome maturation and acidification, thereby evading the immune recognition and su ... | 2012 | 22443300 |
| molecular detection of rifabutin-susceptible mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rapid assays are still needed to detect rifabutin (rfb) susceptibility for proper tuberculosis treatment. to assess the use of the genotype mtbdrplus assay and subsequent rpob gene sequencing on detection of rfb susceptibility, we analyzed 800 multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, and 13% (104/800) were rfb susceptible. of the 104 rfb-susceptible isolates, 71 (68.3%) isolates were rapidly identified using two molecular assays, while the remaining isolates could be determined u ... | 2012 | 22442316 |
| increased frequencies of pulmonary regulatory t-cells in latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | regulation of specific immune responses following exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans and the role of regulatory t (treg) cells in the immune control of latent infection with m. tuberculosis are incompletely understood. latent infection was assayed by an interferon-γ release assay (igra) in healthcare workers regularly exposed to tuberculosis (tb) patients and in household tb contacts in germany. immunophenotypes of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) mononuclear cells and peripheral blood ... | 2012 | 22441737 |
| synthesis of highly potent novel anti-tubercular isoniazid analogues with preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation. | thirty two novel isoniazid analogues were prepared by one-pot three component condensations of isoniazid (inh), 3-mercaptopropionic acid and various aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-tb activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (mtb) and cytotoxicity. among the compounds, compound n-(2-(4-(benzyloxy) phenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazinan-3-yl) isonicotinamide (17) inhibited mtb with mic of 0.12 μm and was three times more potent than inh. the main p ... | 2012 | 22440626 |
| super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for use in extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis. | the limited sensitivity of serological tests for mycobacterial antigens has encouraged the development of a nanoparticle probe specific for the extrapulmonary form of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). we developed an innovative probe comprised of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (spio) nanoparticles conjugated with mtb surface antibody (mtbsab-nanoparticles) to provide ultrasensitive imaging of biomarkers involved in extrapulmonary mtb infection. mtbsab-nanoparticles were significantly conjugated w ... | 2012 | 22439904 |
| how mycobacterium tuberculosis goes to sleep: the dormancy survival regulator dosr a decade later. | with 2 million deaths per year, tb remains the most significant bacterial killer. the long duration of chemotherapy and the large pool of latently infected people represent challenges in disease control. to develop drugs that effectively eradicate latent infection and shorten treatment duration, the pathophysiology of the causative agent mycobacterium tuberculosis needs to be understood. the discovery that the tubercle bacillus can develop a drug-tolerant dormant form and the identification of t ... | 2012 | 22439727 |
| tuberculosis outbreak associated with a homeless shelter - kane county, illinois, 2007-2011. | despite the overall decline in tuberculosis (tb) incidence in the united states to a record low, outbreaks of tb among homeless persons continue to challenge tb control efforts. in january 2010, public health officials recognized an outbreak of tb after three overnight guests at a homeless shelter in illinois received diagnoses of tb disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with matching genotype patterns. as of september 2011, a total of 28 outbreak-associated cases involving shelt ... | 2012 | 22437912 |
| synthesis and in vitro anticancer and antitubercular activity of diarylpyrazole ligated dihydropyrimidines possessing lipophilic carbamoyl group. | a series of dihydropyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by utilizing biginelli reaction and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against mcf-7 human breast cancer (hbc) cell line using sulforhodamine b (srb) assay and antitubercular activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) h(37)rv using microplate alamar blue assay (maba). compounds 13p, 13t were exhibited 70.6% and 63.7% of hbc cell growth inhibition at 10 μm concentration. interestingly compound 13p was also found to be ... | 2012 | 22437116 |
| potential t cell epitopes of mycobacterium tuberculosis that can instigate molecular mimicry against host: implications in autoimmune pathogenesis. | molecular mimicry between microbial antigens and host-proteins is one of the etiological enigmas for the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. t cells that recognize cross-reactive epitopes may trigger autoimmune reactions. intriguingly, autoimmune diseases have been reported to be prevalent in tuberculosis endemic populations. further, association of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) has been implicated in different autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclero ... | 2012 | 22435930 |
| isoniazid resistance without a loss of fitness in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb and xdr-tb, respectively) has intensified the critical public health implications of this global disease. the fitness of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb.) strains exhibiting mdr and xdr phenotypes is of fundamental importance in predicting whether the mdr-/xdr-tb epidemic will be sustained across the human population. here we describe a potential mechanism of m.tb. resistance to the tb drug isoniazid (inh) conferred by ... | 2012 | 22434196 |
| dynamics of adrenal steroids are related to variations in th1 and treg populations during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hiv positive persons. | tuberculosis (tb) remains the most frequent cause of illness and death from an infectious agent, and its interaction with hiv has devastating effects. we determined plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea), its circulating form dhea-suphate (dhea-s) and cortisol in different stages of m. tuberculosis infection, and explored their role on the th1 and treg populations during different scenarios of hiv-tb coinfection, including the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris), a conditi ... | 2012 | 22431997 |
| unidrug-target: a computational tool to identify unique drug targets in pathogenic bacteria. | targeting conserved proteins of bacteria through antibacterial medications has resulted in both the development of resistant strains and changes to human health by destroying beneficial microbes which eventually become breeding grounds for the evolution of resistances. despite the availability of more than 800 genomes sequences, 430 pathways, 4743 enzymes, 9257 metabolic reactions and protein (three-dimensional) 3d structures in bacteria, no pathogen-specific computational drug target identifica ... | 2012 | 22431985 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis lacking all mycolic acid cyclopropanation is viable but highly attenuated and hyperinflammatory in mice. | mycolic acids, the major lipid of the mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall, are modified by cyclopropane rings, methyl branches, and oxygenation through the action of eight s-adenosylmethionine (sam)-dependent mycolic acid methyltransferases (mamts), encoded at four genetic loci. mycolic acid modification has been shown to be important for m. tuberculosis pathogenesis, in part through effects on the inflammatory activity of trehalose dimycolate (cord factor). studies using the mamt inhibitor dio ... | 2012 | 22431648 |
| phase ii dose-ranging trial of the early bactericidal activity of pa-824. | pa-824 is a novel nitroimidazo-oxazine under evaluation as an antituberculosis agent. a dose-ranging randomized study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and early bactericidal activity of pa-824 in drug-sensitive, sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary-tuberculosis patients to find the lowest dose giving optimal bactericidal activity (eba). fifteen patients per cohort received oral pa-824 in doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, or 200 mg per kg body weight per day fo ... | 2012 | 22430968 |
| plasma melatonin and urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is the second most frequent cause of death in the world, after aids. delay in diagnosing tb is an important worldwide problem. it seriously threatens public health. cell-mediated immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of tb infection. the course of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection is regulated by two distinct t cell cytokine patterns. melatonin is a biomolecule (mainly secreted by the pineal gland) with free radical scavenging, antioxidant and imm ... | 2012 | 22430231 |
| a mouse model of tuberculosis reinfection. | recent clinical observations shows that individuals treated with chemotherapy for tuberculosis who live in endemic areas are four times more likely to develop secondary disease, often as not caused by exogenous reinfection. in a mouse model described here, we show that mice infected with the virulent w-beijing mycobacterium tuberculosis strain hn878, then given chemotherapy to clear the infection, were resistant to re-challenge with the same organism thereafter. this resistance, which was mediat ... | 2012 | 22429719 |
| the non-human primate model of tuberculosis. | non-human primates (nhps) are used to model human disease owing to their remarkably similar genomes, physiology, and immune systems. recently, there has been an increased interest in modeling tuberculosis (tb) in nhps. macaques are susceptible to infection with different strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), producing the full spectrum of disease conditions, including latent infection, chronic progressive infection, and acute tb, depending on the route and dose of infection. clearly, nhps ... | 2012 | 22429048 |
| hypoxia triggers the expression of human β defensin 2 and antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. | low oxygen tension is a metabolic hallmark of chronic infection. to investigate the influence of hypoxia on macrophage biology, we analyzed the interaction between the intracellular pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis and primary human macrophages. although the metabolic activity of extracellular m. tuberculosis was reduced at oxygen levels between 0.5 and 10%, the bacilli remained viable throughout the 4 d of culture. phagocytosis of virulent m. tuberculosis and the pathogen-induced release of ... | 2012 | 22427634 |
| inhibition of the sole type i signal peptidase of mycobacterium tuberculosis is bactericidal under replicating and nonreplicating conditions. | proteins secreted by bacteria perform functions vital for cell survival and play a role in virulence in mycobacterium tuberculosis. m. tuberculosis lepb (rv2903c) encodes the sole homolog of the type i signal peptidase (spase). the lepb gene is essential in m. tuberculosis, since we could delete the chromosomal copy only when a second functional copy was provided elsewhere. by placing expression under the control of an anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter, we confirmed that reduced lepb expres ... | 2012 | 22427625 |
| the role of mycobacterium tuberculosis rv3166c protein-derived high-activity binding peptides in inhibiting invasion of human cell lines. | given the urgent need for designing a new antituberculosis vaccine conferring total protection on patients of all ages, following the line of research adopted by our institute, this work has identified mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) rv3166c protein high-activity binding peptides (habps) which are able to inhibit bacterial invasion of u937 (monocyte-derived macrophages) and a549 (type ii alveolar epithelial cells) cell lines. the presence and transcription of the rv3166c gene in the mtb species ... | 2012 | 22427370 |
| the expression of ferritin, lactoferrin, transferrin receptor and solute carrier family 11a1 in the host response to bcg-vaccination and mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. | iron is an essential cofactor for both mycobacterial growth during infection and for a successful protective immune response by the host. the immune response partly depends on the regulation of iron by the host, including the tight control of expression of the iron-storage protein, ferritin. bcg vaccination can protect against disease following mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the mechanisms of protection remain unclear. to further explore these mechanisms, splenocytes from bcg-vaccinat ... | 2012 | 22426328 |
| il-6 inhibits ifn-γ induced autophagy in mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv infected macrophages. | the significance of il-6 production in tuberculosis is yet to be fully elucidated, although it is known for quite some time that il-6 interferes with ifn-γ induced signal. in order to know which cellular process induced by ifn-γ is actually counteracted by il-6, we studied the role of il-6 on ifn-γ induced autophagy formation in virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in thp-1 cells, since it is well characterized that induction of autophagy by ifn-γ eliminates intracellular mycobacterium ... | 2012 | 22426116 |
| use of mouse models to study the variability in virulence associated with specific genotypic lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the host response against mycobacterium tuberculosis show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in those patients who fail to control the infection. the course of the infection and its epidemiological consequences depend upon a complex interplay of host, environmental and bacterial factors. experimental animal models have helped to define the influence of bacterial genetic diversity on virulence and on the immune response that is induced. for this purpose, experimental animals such as mice, ... | 2012 | 22426109 |
| a new arabinomannan from the cell wall of the chlorococcal algae chlorella vulgaris. | a new arabinomannan has been isolated from the cell wall of the green algae chlorella vulgaris by extraction with 0.1 m naoh, dialysis and sec fractionation. m(w) was about 8000 u. terminal, 2- and 5-o-linked arabinofuranosyl residues, and 2,6-o-linked mannopyranosyl residues were detected as the main constituents beside some minor mannose components by methylation analysis. electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (esi-ms) with collision induced dissociation (cid) up to ms(3) experiments of ol ... | 2012 | 22425444 |
| evaluation of four candidate vntr loci for genotyping 225 chinese clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. | to evaluate four candidate variable number tandem repeat (vntr) loci for genotyping mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. | 2012 | 22424631 |
| migrant tuberculosis: the extent of transmission in a low burden country. | human migration caused by political unrest, wars and poverty is a major topic in international health. infectious diseases like tuberculosis follow their host, with potential impact on both the migrants and the population in the recipient countries. in this study, we evaluate mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission between the national population and migrants in denmark. | 2012 | 22423983 |
| the volatiles of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria and related bacteria. | volatiles released by pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria, as well as by mycobacteria-related nocardia spp., were analyzed. bacteria were cultivated on solid and in liquid media, and headspace samples were collected at various times during the bacterial lifecycle to elucidate the conditions giving optimal volatile emission. emitted volatiles were collected by using closed-loop stripping analysis (clsa) and were analyzed by gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. a wide range of compounds was ... | 2012 | 22423297 |
| direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples by a molecular method based on genoquick technology. | several molecular systems for direct detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) have recently been developed. the genoquick mtb assay (gq-mtb) used in this study detected 82 of the 96 (85.4%) samples with mtbc, including 50 of 64 (78.1%) samples with negative acid-fast bacillus smears. fifteen samples containing nontuberculous mycobacteria were also studied: 13 were gq-mtb negative, one was positive, and one was indeterminate. gq-mtb showed good effectiveness for the direct detection ... | 2012 | 22422848 |
| risk factors associated with kanamycin-resistant tuberculosis in a beijing tuberculosis referral hospital. | the rapidly increasing number of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) cases worldwide underlines the necessity for the rational use of key second-line drugs such as kanamycin. in this study, we determined the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, kanamycin-resistant tuberculosis (tb) in 309 hospital, beijing, china, with the aim of providing information for better case management in order to minimize further development of extensively drug-resistant tb (xdr-tb). drug susceptibili ... | 2012 | 22422574 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 6-aza-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate analogs as inhibitors of thymidylate synthases, and as substrates or inhibitors of thymidine monophosphate kinase in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a series of 5-substituted analogs of 6-aza-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate, 6-aza-dump, has been synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the two mycobacterial thymidylate synthases (i.e., a flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase, thyx, and a classical thymidylate synthase, thya). replacement of c(6) of the natural substrate dump by a n-atom in 6-aza-dump 1a led to a derivative with weak thyx inhibitory activity (33% inhibition at 50 μm). introduction of alkyl and aryl groups at c(5) ... | 2012 | 22422522 |
| multidrug resistant tuberculosis diagnosed by synovial fluid analysis. | tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. hiv co-infection is contributing to an increased incidence of the disease, particularly that caused by multidrug resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt). we describe an hiv-infected patient with pleural and lymph node tuberculosis diagnosed by pleural effusion characteristics and biopsy specimens, without mt identification, that further presented with knee-joint involvement. arthrocentesis allowed mt isolation and drug su ... | 2015 | 22421741 |
| sensitivities of ciprofloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to fluoroquinolones: role of mutant dna gyrase subunits in drug resistance. | minimum inhibitory concentrations of sitafloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 59 ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis from japan were determined. the isolates were most susceptible to sitafloxacin and gatifloxacin. to understand better the basis for drug resistance, nucleotide sequences encoding the gyra and gyrb quinolone resistance-determining region were determined. predicted amino acid sequences revealed ... | 2012 | 22421328 |
| tuberculosis: the drug development pipeline at a glance. | tuberculosis is a major disease causing every year 1.8 million deaths worldwide and represents the leading cause of mortality resulting from a bacterial infection. introduction in the 60's of first-line drug regimen resulted in the control of the disease and tb was perceived as defeating. however, since the progression of hiv leading to co-infection with aids and the emergence of drug resistant strains, the need of new anti-tuberculosis drugs was not overstated. however in the past 40 years any ... | 2012 | 22421275 |
| tuberculosis: burning issues: multidrug resistance and hiv-coinfection. | tuberculosis is an infection of respiratory tract and mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent. multidrug resistance and hiv-coinfection are the burning issues for tuberculosis. the management of drug resistance to tuberculosis is the necessity of the day so by taking effective and controlled measures and giving high doses of 2nd line drugs, we can minimize the death rate in tb. for the hiv-related tb infection, it is necessary to treat tb infection first so that effectiveness of antire ... | 2012 | 22421086 |
| favorable infertility outcomes following anti-tubercular treatment prescribed on the sole basis of a positive polymerase chain reaction test for endometrial tuberculosis. | the endometrial tuberculosis (tb) pcr test is now commonly employed for the diagnosis of female genital tb, a common cause of infertility in india. although treatment in the absence of demonstrable tubal damage may be of doubtful benefit to fertility, the presence of mycobacterial dna demonstrated by a positive pcr indicates infection by tubercle bacilli causing sub-clinical or latent disease potentially responsible for future clinical manifestations. this study was undertaken to assess the outc ... | 2012 | 22419745 |
| impact of filarial infections on coincident intracellular pathogens: mycobacterium tuberculosis and plasmodium falciparum. | to examine the consequences of the immune modulation seen in chronic filarial infection on responses to intracellular pathogens (and their antigens) that are often co-endemic with filarial infections, namely plasmodium and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2012 | 22418448 |
| antimycobacterial activity of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from tiliacora triandra against multidrug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, tiliacorinine (1), 2'-nortiliacorinine (2), and tiliacorine (3), isolated from the edible plant, tiliacora triandra, as well as a synthetic derivative, 13'-bromo-tiliacorinine (4), were tested against 59 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mdr-mtb). the alkaloids 1-4 showed mic values ranging from 0.7 to 6.2 μg/ml, but they exhibited the mic value at 3.1 μg/ml against most mdr-mtb isolates. the present work suggests that bisbenzyl ... | 2012 | 22418278 |
| il-17 and ifn-γ expression in lymphocytes from patients with active tuberculosis correlates with the severity of the disease. | th1 lymphocytes are crucial in the immune response against mycobacterium tuberculosis. nevertheless, ifn-γ alone is not sufficient in the complete eradication of the bacteria, suggesting that other cytokines might be required for pathogen removal. th17 cells have been associated with m. tuberculosis infection, but the role of il-17-producing cells in human tb remains to be understood. therefore, we investigated the induction and regulation of ifn-γ and il-17 during the active disease. tb patient ... | 2012 | 22416258 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis rv0577, a novel tlr2 agonist, induces maturation of dendritic cells and drives th1 immune response. | tuberculosis (tb) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis constitutes an ongoing threat to global health. an antigen that can induce dendritic cell (dc) maturation and lead to enhanced cellular immunity is crucial to the development of an effective tb vaccine. here, we investigated the functional roles and the related signaling mechanism of the rv0577 protein, a m. tuberculosis complex-restricted secreted protein involved in the methylglyoxal detoxification pathway. rv0577 recognizes toll-like rece ... | 2012 | 22415304 |
| generation of a novel nucleic acid-based reporter system to detect phenotypic susceptibility to antibiotics in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | we designed, constructed, and evaluated a prototype novel reporter system comprised of two functional cassettes: (i) the sp6 rna polymerase gene under transcriptional control of a promoter active in mycobacteria and (ii) the consensus sp6 polymerase promoter that directs expression of an otherwise unexpressed sequence. we incorporated the reporter system into a mycobacteriophage for delivery into viable mycobacterium tuberculosis, and introduction led to synthesis of an sp6 polymerase-dependent ... | 2012 | 22415006 |
| prevalence of pulmonary tb and spoligotype pattern of mycobacterium tuberculosis among tb suspects in a rural community in southwest ethiopia. | in ethiopia where there is no strong surveillance system and state of the art diagnostic facilities are limited, the real burden of tuberculosis (tb) is not well known. we conducted a community based survey to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tb and spoligotype pattern of the mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in southwest ethiopia. | 2012 | 22414165 |
| [mycobacterium tuberculosis]. | the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) has become an important health problem and threatens tb control worldwide. world health organization reported that there were an estimated 440,000 cases of mdr-tb in 2008. by july 2010, 58 countries and territories had reported at least one case of xdr-tb. the emergence of mdr/xdr-tb strains is reflection of poor tuberculosis management. to avoid the emergence of more resistant strains th ... | 2012 | 22413525 |
| spoligotyping and drug resistance analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from national survey in china. | tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc), is one of the major causes of death in the world today. although china has the second largest global case rate of tuberculosis, a systematic study of tb prevalence in china has not been completed. from 2006 to 2007, the base line surveillance of tuberculosis was carried out by ministry of health, and more than 4000 representative strains were selected from 31 provinces in china. | 2012 | 22412962 |
| 'coinfection-helminthes and tuberculosis'. | tuberculosis (tb) continues to be a significant problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world despite decades of intensive efforts to combat the disease. the poverty in these endemic areas is associated with an increased incidence of tropical helminthic infections. the purpose of this review is to bring to the fore, the urgent need to unravel the potential consequences of helminth coinfection to tuberculosis disease pathogenesis and transmission. | 2012 | 22411453 |
| effects of helminths and mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on hiv-1: a cellular immunological perspective. | in many regions of the world, a high prevalence of hiv-1, helminthic and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infections can be found. here, we summarize the types of immune responses induced and/or modulated by these pathogens and the consequences for hiv-1 disease. | 2012 | 22411452 |
| population-based surveillance of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in shandong province, china. | to investigate the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (xdr-tb) in chinese populations, we analyzed the drug resistance profiles of 1787 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates through a population-based surveillance project in shandong province, china. we found 330 (18.5%; 95%ci 16.1-20.3) isolates resistant to ≥1 first-line drug and 65 (3.6%; 95%ci 2.9-4.6) multidrug-resistant (mdr) isolates, of which 13 (20.0%; 95%ci 11.9-31.4) were xdr; 47/65 mdr-tb isolates (70.8%; 95%ci 58.2- ... | 2012 | 22410186 |
| dysfunction of natural killer t cells in patients with active mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | natural killer t (nkt) cells are known to play a protective role in the immune responses of mice against a variety of infectious pathogens. however, little is known about the detailed information of nkt cells in patients with mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. the aims of this study were to examine nkt cell levels and functions in patients with active m. tuberculosis infection, to investigate relationships between nkt cell levels and clinical parameters, and to determine the mechanism respons ... | 2012 | 22409933 |
| clinical outcomes of pyrazinamide-monoresistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in quebec. | in quebec, 6.2% of all tuberculosis (tb) isolates from canadian-born patients are resistant to pyrazinamide (pza) alone. the clinical significance of pza-monoresistant (pza(mr)) tb is unknown. | 2012 | 22409887 |
| capilia test for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis in mgit™-positive cultures. | the performance of the capilia test for rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) in mycobacterium growth indicator tube (mgit) positive samples with contaminating organisms is not well documented. | 2012 | 22409876 |
| evaluation of small molecule tuberculostats for targeting tuberculosis infections of the central nervous system. | tuberculosis infection of the central nervous system is a serious and frequently fatal disease. four drugs have been found to very efficiently inhibit the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis and are examined for molecular properties that enable penetration of the blood-brain barrier. drugs 1, 2, and 3 are aromatic compounds having a single bromine atom in ortho, meta, and para-position, respectively, relative to the hydrazide group (-c(o)nhnh2). a paraposition for bromine enabled the strongest ... | 2012 | 22409320 |
| theoretical studies on the interaction of biphenyl inhibitors with mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase mptpb. | mptpb is an essential secreted virulence factor for m. tuberculosis. inhibition of mptpb impairs mycobacterial survival in host macrophages and thus helps reduce tuberculosis infections. however, the binding mode of the biphenyl inhibitors, which are known as some of the most potent mptpb inhibitors, remains unclear. in this study, to understand the interactions between biphenyl inhibitors and mptpb, docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using autodock and gromacs softwares ... | 2012 | 22406969 |
| nanoparticle-based adjuvant for enhanced protective efficacy of dna vaccine ag85a-esat-6-il-21 against mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. | the goal of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of a cationic nanoparticle-based dna vaccine expressing antigen 85a (ag85a) and 6-kda early secretory antigen target (esat-6) of mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as cytokine interleukin-21 (il-21) against m. tuberculosis infection. the results of this indicated that the anti-m. tuberculosis immune responses were induced in mice that had received the different dna vaccines. more importantly, compared with using dna vaccine ag85a-esa ... | 2012 | 22406425 |
| tb-lineage: an online tool for classification and analysis of strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | this paper formulates a set of rules to classify genotypes of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) into major lineages using spoligotypes and miru-vntr results. the rules synthesize prior literature that characterizes lineages by spacer deletions and variations in the number of repeats seen at locus miru24 (alias vntr2687). a tool that efficiently and accurately implements this rule base is now freely available at http://tbinsight.cs.rpi.edu/run_tb_lineage.html. when miru24 data is not ... | 2012 | 22406225 |
| special issue on molecular evolution, epidemiology and pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. | | 2012 | 22406210 |
| anti-phospholipid antibody levels as biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis treatment response. | standard methods to monitor tuberculosis (tb) treatment response rely on sputum microscopy and culture conversion. alternatives to these methods are needed for those patients whose sputum tests are smear or culture negative. here, we examine anti-phospholipid igm antibody level changes as a biomarker for treatment response in smear positive tb patients. serum samples were obtained from 40 pulmonary tb patients at the start and end of the intensive phase treatment (ipt) from the cdc-tb trials con ... | 2012 | 22406155 |
| sudden cardiac death and tuberculosis - how much do we know? | tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major killer in the world and pulmonary infections are well characterised. it is not widely known that tb myocarditis leads to sudden cardiac deaths (scd), especially in young people. unlike other causes of scd, risk factors such as family history are absent and patients are asymptomatic. this makes risk stratification and interventions with implantable cardiac defibrillators extremely difficult. only a few cases of tb myocarditis scd ... | 2012 | 22405969 |
| escape of mycobacterium tuberculosis from oxidative killing by neutrophils. | neutrophils enter sites of infection, where they can eliminate pathogenic bacteria in an oxidative manner. despite their predominance in active tuberculosis lesions, the function of neutrophils in this important human infection is still highly controversial. we observed that virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis survived inside human neutrophils despite prompt activation of these defence cells' microbicidal effectors. survival of m. tuberculosis was accompanied by necrotic cell death of infected n ... | 2012 | 22405091 |
| whole genome shotgun sequencing of one colombian clinical isolate of mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals dosr regulon gene deletions. | several genomes of different mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates have been completely sequenced around the world. the genomic information obtained have shown higher diversity than originally thought and specific adaptations to different human populations. within this work, we sequenced the genome of one colombian m. tuberculosis virulent isolate. genomic comparison against the reference genome of h37rv and other strains showed multiple deletion and insertions that ranged between a few bases to t ... | 2012 | 22404577 |
| spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome may mimic aseptic meningitis. | spontaneous intracranial hypotension (sih) is recognized with increasing frequency. a throbbing headache occurring or worsening in the upright position and improving after lying down, a so-called 'orthostatic headache', low cerebrospinal fluid (csf) pressure, and diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) are the major features of the classic syndrome. these patients, who are admitted with fever, headache, and csf findings revealing lymphocytic pleocytosis, elev ... | 2012 | 22404365 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of methyl mycocerosates released by thermochemolysis. | tuberculosis requires rapid diagnosis to prevent further transmission and allow prompt administration of treatment. current methods for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis lack sensitivity are expensive or are extremely slow. the identification of lipids using gas chromatography- electron impact mass spectrometry (gc-ei/ms) could provide an alternative solution. we have studied mycocerosic acid components of the phthiocerol dimycocerosate (pdim) family of lipids using thermochemolysis gc-ei/ms. to ... | 2012 | 22403716 |
| differential contribution of the repeats to heparin binding of hbha, a major adhesin of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis remains one of the most important causes of global mortality and morbidity, and the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis are still incompletely understood. only few virulence factors of the causative agent mycobacterium tuberculosis are known. one of them is the heparin-binding haemagglutinin (hbha), an important adhesin for epithelial cells and an extrapulmonary dissemination factor. hbha mediates mycobacterial adherence to epithelial cells via the interactions of its c-termina ... | 2012 | 22403657 |
| multicytokine detection improves latent tuberculosis diagnosis in health care workers. | in a low-incidence setting, health care workers (hcw) are at a higher risk of tuberculosis than the general population. the suboptimal sensitivity of the quantiferon-tb gold in-tube (qft) test remains a critical issue when identifying occupational latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) in hcw. the aim of this study was to identify additional biomarkers in order to overcome the limits of gamma interferon (ifn-γ) release assays (igras) and improve the performance of ltbi diagnosis within this popula ... | 2012 | 22403417 |
| the mycobacterium tuberculosis stress response factor sigh is required for bacterial burden as well as immunopathology in primate lungs. | sigma h (sigh) is a major mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) stress response factor. it is induced in response to heat, oxidative stress, cell wall damage, and hypoxia. infection of macrophages with the δ-sigh mutant generates more potent innate immune response than does infection with mtb. the mutant is attenuated for pathology in mice. | 2012 | 22402035 |
| rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by a new array format-based surface plasmon resonance method. | tubercle bacillus [tb] is one of the most important chronic infectious diseases that cause millions of deaths annually. while conventional smear microscopy and culture methods are widely used for diagnosis of tb, the former is insensitive, and the latter takes up to 6 to 8 weeks to provide a result, limiting the value of these methods in aiding diagnosis and intermediate decisions on treatment. therefore, a rapid detection method is essential for the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and recurren ... | 2012 | 22401500 |
| [latent m. tuberculosis infection, update 2011]. | it is estimated that one third of the world population is latently infected by mycobacterium tuberculosis and thus at risk of reactivation. latent tuberculosis (tb) impact in switzerland is often overlooked. diagnosis and prophylaxis are insufficiently undertaken, especially for people at higher risk of reactivation due to immunosuppression. interferon-gamma release assays replace tuberculosis skin tests for diagnosis of latent infection in adults. it is still recommended to treat prophylactical ... | 2011 | 22400364 |
| [comparison and evaluation of lowenstein-jensen medium and 2% ogawa medium for the diagnosis of tuberculosis]. | accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the detection of the bacilli in the clinical specimen. the growth of mycobacteria in laboratory media is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis and use of two different cultivation media, one of them being a liquid one, is recommended. in this study, the diagnostic values of egg-based lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium used extensively all over the world and ogawa (2%) medium were compared. a total of 7912 pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical sampl ... | 2012 | 22399169 |
| [tuberculosis incidence and primary drug resistance rates in young soldiers: data from 14 military hospitals in turkey]. | tuberculosis is an important health care problem worldwide as well as in turkey and the control programmes are still in progress. epidemiological data are necessary to conduct control studies related to the disease. tuberculosis incidence and drug resistance rates are two necessary parameters which should be monitored for the effective establishment of tuberculosis control. in this objective, tuberculosis incidence and drug resistance rates were studied in young subjects performing their compuls ... | 2012 | 22399168 |
| an integrated surrogate model for screening of drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the intracellularly surviving and slow-growing pathogen, mycobacterium tuberculosis, adapts the host cell environment for its active and dormant life cycle. it is evident that the lack of appropriate high-throughput screening of inhibitors within host cells is an impediment for the early stages of anti-tubercular drug discovery. we aimed to develop an integrated surrogate model that enhances the screening of large inhibitor libraries. | 2012 | 22398649 |
| primary tuberculous peritonitis during infliximab therapy for crohn's disease. | a 64 year old male patient suffering from crohn's disease received infliximab therapy for a period of 5 months prior to presentation to our hospital. due to the symptoms fever, ascites, and diffuse abdominal tenderness on palpation of unknown origin, a ct scan of the abdomen was performed and led to the suspected diagnosis of a peritoneal carcinomatosis. quantiferon™ test revealed a tuberculosis infection and molecular analyses of a peritoneal specimen obtained by laparoscopy clearly identified ... | 2012 | 22398070 |
| immune approaches in tuberculosis therapy: a brief overview. | tb is typically caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, a symbiotic bacterium present in one-third of the world's population. there any many factors triggering overt clinical disease in a small proportion of humans. in our view the major role in the process is played by the host's immune response, especially self-directed, destructive inflammation. conventional chemotherapy produces bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, but immunopathological changes can only be corrected by immunotherapy. vario ... | 2012 | 22397570 |
| bead array direct rrna capture assay (rcapa) for amplification free speciation of mycobacterium cultures. | mycobacterium cultures, from patients suspected of tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection, need to be identified. it is most critical to identify cultures belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, but also important to recognize clinically irrelevant or important ntm to allow appropriate patient management. identification of m. tuberculosis can be achieved by a simple and cheap lateral flow assay, but identification of other mycobacterium spp. generally requires m ... | 2012 | 22396779 |
| [ulcerating tumor of the esophagus as a primary manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis]. | the patient, a 36-year-old man from somalia, who had moved to germany a year before, was referred for a diagnostic work-up of an ulcerating tumour. he suffered from thoracic tightness for the last weeks albeit without any further symptoms. there were no pre-existing illnesses. no further pathological signs were found during a preliminary physical examination. | 2012 | 22396236 |
| prime-boost vaccination with rbcg/rad35 enhances cd8⁺ cytolytic t-cell responses in lesions from mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected primates. | to prevent the global spread of tuberculosis (tb) infection, a novel vaccine that triggers potent and long-lived immunity is urgently required. a plasmid-based vaccine has been developed to enhance activation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted cd8⁺ cytolytic t cells using a recombinant bacille calmette-guérin (rbcg) expressing a pore-forming toxin and the mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) antigens ag85a, 85b and tb10.4 followed by a booster with a nonreplicating adenovir ... | 2012 | 22396020 |
| immunosensor towards low-cost, rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. | a rapid, accurate tuberculosis diagnostic tool that is compatible with the needs of tuberculosis-endemic settings is a long-sought goal. an immunofluorescence microtip sensor is described that detects mycobacterium tuberculosis complex cells in sputum in 25 minutes. concentration mechanisms based on flow circulation and electric field are combined at different scales to concentrate target bacteria in 1 ml samples onto the surfaces of microscale tips. specificity is conferred by genus-specific an ... | 2012 | 22395572 |
| solution structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis nmtr in the apo state: insights into ni(ii)-mediated allostery. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate human respiratory pathogen that encodes approximately 10 arsenic repressor (arsr) family regulatory proteins that allow the organism to respond to a wide range of changes in its immediate microenvironment. how individual arsr repressors have evolved to respond to selective stimuli is of intrinsic interest. the ni(ii)/co(ii)-specific repressor nmtr and related actinomycete nickel sensors harbor a conserved n-terminal α-nh(2)-gly2-his3-gly4 sequence. here, ... | 2012 | 22394357 |
| environmental factors in tiny tim's near-fatal illness. | physicians, dickens scholars, and historians have tried to diagnose the condition that affected tiny tim in a christmas carol. leading entities include tuberculosis (tb), rickets, malnutrition, cerebral palsy, spinal dysraphism, and renal tubular acidosis. this article posits that an examination of the environment of london of 1820 to 1843 (when the novella was written) can provide important clues as to his condition. the blackened skies from burning coal, the crowding of people in tenements, th ... | 2012 | 22393183 |
| de novo design of potential reca inhibitors using multi objective optimization. | de novo ligand design involves optimization of several ligand properties such as binding affinity, ligand volume, drug likeness, etc. therefore, optimization of these properties independently and simultaneously seems appropriate. in this paper, the ligand design problem is modeled in a multiobjective using archived multiobjective simulated annealing (amosa) as the underlying search algorithm. the multiple objectives considered are the energy components similarity to a known inhibitor and a novel ... | 2016 | 22392725 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced neutrophil ectosomes decrease macrophage activation. | the existence of ectosome-like microvesicles released by neutrophils was proposed a few decades ago. other studies revealed that the innate immune response during mycobacterial infection is accompanied by an intense migration of neutrophils to the site of infection, which may be important during the acute phase of tuberculosis. we found that the ectosomes derived from infected neutrophils are biologically active and can influence the survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. | 2012 | 22391089 |
| first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in northwest ethiopia. | gondar hospital, gondar health centre, metemma hospital, bahir dar hospital and debre markos hospital in northwest ethiopia. | 2012 | 22390880 |
| identification of hot and cold spots in genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis using shewhart control charts. | the organization of genomic sequences is dynamic and undergoes change during the process of evolution. many of the variations arise spontaneously and the observed genomic changes can either be distributed uniformly throughout the genome or be preferentially localized to some regions (hot spots) compared to others. conversely cold spots may tend to accumulate very few variations or none at all. in order to identify such regions statistically, we have developed a method based on shewhart control c ... | 2012 | 22389766 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of piperine in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats--a biochemical approach. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of piperine against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, an experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis and compared it with that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. administration of heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis (0. 1 ml) intradermally into the right hind paw of rats resulted in increased paw volume, lysosomal enzymes, glycoproteins and tissue marker enzymes and decreased body weight. how ... | 2012 | 22389056 |
| genome-wide expression profiling of the response to linezolid in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is still one of the most common causes of death in the world. the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (xdr-tb) mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) strains has increased the importance of searching for alternative targets to develop new antimycobacterial drugs. linezolid, the first of oxazolidinones, is active in vitro against m. tuberculosis, but the response mechanisms of m. tuberculosis to linezolid are still poorly understood. to reveal t ... | 2012 | 22388809 |
| risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis: smoking, diabetes and anti-tnfα drugs. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a global emergency and continues to kill 1.4 million people every year. the interaction between noncommunicable and infectious diseases like tb has important implications with regard to the attainment of the millennium development goals (mdgs). smoking, diabetes mellitus, anti-tnfα drugs and other immunosuppressive therapies are well known major risk factors associated with tb. the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature on these risk factors and in ... | 2012 | 22388583 |
| the function and regulatory network of whib and whib-like protein from comparative genomics and systems biology perspectives. | whi genes, named after the mutations turning streptomyces coelicolor colonies into white, exist largely in actinomyces and mycobacterium. whib genes, a subclass of whi, involve in wide range of events, such as cell division, spore formation, nutrient starvation, pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, and stress sense. to better understand the role of this family in physiology and pathology in the important pathogen-mycobacterium tuberculosis, whib and whib-like proteins function and structures of ... | 2012 | 22388511 |
| epidemiological models of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections. | the resurgence of tuberculosis in the 1990s and the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the first decade of the 21st century increased the importance of epidemiological models for the disease. due to slow progression of tuberculosis, the transmission dynamics and its long-term effects can often be better observed and predicted using simulations of epidemiological models. this study provides a review of earlier study on modeling different aspects of tuberculosis dynamics. the models simul ... | 2012 | 22387570 |
| therapeutic targeting of interleukin-6 trans-signaling does not affect the outcome of experimental tuberculosis. | treatment of autoreactive inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis with anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with an increased rate of reactivation tuberculosis (tb). interleukin-6 (il-6) plays a pivotal role in inflammation and protection against various infectious diseases. il-6 signals by two mechanisms via the ubiquitous transmembrane protein gp130: 'classic' signaling using the membrane-bound il-6 receptor (il-6r), which is expressed mainly on hepatocytes and some leukocytes, and ... | 2012 | 22387074 |
| detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna in the sclerotic spinal wall. | recent studies have shown that the major spinal lesion in spinal tuberculosis is predominantly sclerotic and accounts for >70% of the lesion. in this type of sclerosis, apart from spinal reactive hyperplasia and increased bone density, the most severe lesion is the formation of a hard outer osteoid shell (the sclerotic wall) around the cheese-like substances and granulated tissues. in the current study, polymerase chain reaction detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sclerotic wall was p ... | 2012 | 22385454 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis rv0652 stimulates production of tumour necrosis factor and monocytes chemoattractant protein-1 in macrophages through the toll-like receptor 4 pathway. | mycobacterial proteins interact with host macrophages and modulate their functions and cytokine gene expression profile. the protein rv0652 is abundant in culture filtrates of mycobacterium tuberculosis k-strain, which belongs to the beijing family, compared with levels in the h37rv and cdc1551 strains. rv0652 induces strong antibody responses in patients with active tuberculosis. we investigated pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by rv0652 in murine macrophages and the roles of signal ... | 2012 | 22385341 |
| control of mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by activated natural killer cells. | we characterized the underlying mechanisms by which glutathione (gsh)-enhanced natural killer (nk) cells inhibit the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb) inside human monocytes. we observed that in healthy individuals, treatment of nk cells with n-acetyl cysteine (nac), a gsh prodrug in conjunction with cytokines such as interleukin (il)-2 + il-12, resulted in enhanced expression of nk cytotoxic ligands (fasl and cd40l) with concomitant stasis in the intracellular growth of m. tb. neutra ... | 2012 | 22385249 |
| small molecule hydrazide agents to inhibit growth and proliferation of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | four novel drug designs for the treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis are analyzed and shown to prevent the growth and proliferation of this dangerous bacteria. all four agents, designated a, b, c, and d, are hydrazide type compounds, where d has three hydrazide functional groups. agents b and c have a halogenated aromatic ring substituent, while a contains a pyridine ring. pharmaceutical properties such as log p, polar surface area, and violations of the rule of 5 are determined for all agent ... | 2012 | 22385187 |
| tuberculosis infections of the central nervous system. | the causative agent of tuberculosis meningitis is mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the bacteria that causes pulmonary tuberculosis. proliferating into the central nervous system occurs from other sites of infection within the body. brain damage can result from the infection that may lead to abnormal behavior, mental impairments, motor type paralysis, and seizures. tuberculosis infections of the central nervous system are a serious and often fatal disease predominantly impacting young childre ... | 2011 | 22384992 |
| effect of the explicit flexibility of the inha enzyme from mycobacterium tuberculosis in molecular docking simulations. | protein/receptor explicit flexibility has recently become an important feature of molecular docking simulations. taking the flexibility into account brings the docking simulation closer to the receptors' real behaviour in its natural environment. several approaches have been developed to address this problem. among them, modelling the full flexibility as an ensemble of snapshots derived from a molecular dynamics simulation (md) of the receptor has proved very promising. despite its potential, ho ... | 2011 | 22369213 |