| yersinia pestis uses the ail outer membrane protein to recruit vitronectin. | yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, requires the ail (attachment invasion locus) outer membrane protein to survive in the blood and tissues of its mammalian hosts. ail is important for both attachment to host cells and for resistance to complement-dependent bacteriolysis. previous studies have shown that ail interacts with components of the extracellular matrix, including fibronectin, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and with the complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein. here, we dem ... | 2015 | 26377177 |
| formulation of thermosensitive in situ otic gel for topical management of otitis media. | antibiotics and antiinflammatory agents are the primary and main therapeutic categories in the treatment of otitis media. one of the simpler and feasible approaches of minimizing the problem of repeated use and subsequent resistance is development of sustained release formulation. therefore, the present investigation aimed to develop a sustained release in situ gel formulation containing combination of broad spectrum antibiotic and antiinflammatory agents for the management of otits media. the p ... | 2015 | 26997706 |
| immune dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a complex chronic disease. chronic inflammation is the hallmark of copd, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the lung microenvironment. cigarette smoke (cs) induces chronic lung inflammation and is considered a key etiological factor in the development and pathogenesis of copd. structural and inflammatory cells in the lung respond to cs exposure by releasing proinflammatory mediators that recruit additional inflammatory immune cel ... | 2015 | 26595735 |
| the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are thought to be associated with--and perhaps to mediate--accelerated loss of lung function in copd. although the application of culture-independent methods for detection of bacteria have shown copd to be associated with marked differences in the burden, diversity, and composition of the bronchial bacterial microbiome, few studies have examined the changes associated with community-acquired exacerbations of the disease. in a lo ... | 2015 | 26595736 |
| gram-stain-based antimicrobial selection reduces cost and overuse compared with japanese guidelines. | the gram stain has been used as an essential tool for antimicrobial stewardship in our hospital since the 1970s. the objective of this study was to clarify the difference in the targeted therapies selected based on the gram stain and simulated empirical therapies based on the antimicrobial guidelines used in japan. | 2015 | 26503359 |
| incidences and influences of device-associated healthcare-associated infections in a pediatric intensive care unit in japan: a retrospective surveillance study. | device-associated healthcare-associated infections (da-hais) are a major problem in pediatric intensive care units (picus). however, there are no data available regarding the incidences of da-hais in picus in japan and their influences on length of picu stay and mortality. the objective of this study was to investigate the incidences of three common da-hais in a picu and their influences on length of picu stay and mortality in japan. | 2015 | 26509039 |
| novel moraxella catarrhalis prophages display hyperconserved non-structural genes despite their genomic diversity. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen that often causes otitis media in children, a disease that is not currently vaccine preventable. asymptomatic colonisation of the human upper respiratory tract is common and lack of clearance by the immune system is likely due to the emergence of seroresistant genetic lineages. no active bacteriophages or prophages have been described in this species. this study was undertaken to identify and categorise prophages in m. catarrhalis, their genetic div ... | 2015 | 26497500 |
| fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a common airway disorder. in particular, acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) can significantly reduce pulmonary function. the majority of aecopd episodes are attributed to infections, although environmental stress also plays a role. increasing urbanization and associated air pollution, especially in developing countries, have been shown to contribute to copd pathogenesis. elevated levels of particulate matter (pm) in polluted air are strongly corr ... | 2015 | 26557095 |
| zabofloxacin versus moxifloxacin in patients with copd exacerbation: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, phase iii, non-inferiority trial. | a new quinolone, zabofloxacin, has now been developed; hence, a non-inferiority trial is needed to compare this new compound with another widely used quinolone to examine its efficacy and safety for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations. this was a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, phase iii, non-inferiority clinical trial designed to compare oral zabofloxacin (367 mg once daily for 5 days) with mox ... | 2015 | 26543359 |
| synergy and mode of action of ceftazidime plus quercetin or luteolin on streptococcus pyogenes. | streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. the recommended therapy has been often failure through the interfering of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (blpb). the present study was to investigate antibacterial activity, synergy, and modes of action of luteolin and quercetin using alone and plus ceftazidime against s. pyogenes. the mics of ceftazidime, luteolin, and quercetin against all s. pyogenes were 0.50, 128, and 128 µg ml(-1), respectively. a synergistic effect was e ... | 2015 | 26576195 |
| distribution of major pathogens from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review. | noncystic fibrosis (non-cf) bronchiectasis remains as a common health problem in asia. pathogens' distribution in airways of patients with non-cf bronchiectasis is important for doctors to make right decision. | 2015 | 26481748 |
| reduced middle ear infection with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae, but not streptococcus pneumoniae, after transition to 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable h. influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine. | in october 2009, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7: prevenar(tm) pfizer) was replaced in the northern territory childhood vaccination schedule by 10-valent pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10; synflorix(™) glaxosmithkline vaccines). this analysis aims to determine whether the reduced prevalence of suppurative otitis media measured in the phid-cv10 era was associated with changes in nasopharyngeal (np) carriage and middle ear discharge (ed) micro ... | 2015 | 26482232 |
| evaluation of the new bd max gc real-time pcr assay, analytically and clinically as a supplementary test for the bd probetec gc qx amplified dna assay, for molecular detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the new bd max gc real-time pcr assay showed high clinical and analytical sensitivity and specificity. it can be an effective and accurate supplementary test for the bd probetec gc qx amplified dna assay, which had suboptimal specificity, and might also be used for initial detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 2015 | 26468501 |
| familial and microbiological contribution to the otitis-prone condition. | our group has an ongoing clinical research project investigating the immunology of the otitis-prone (op) phenotype. in light of evidence that this condition arises from underlying immunological defects, we examined our sample population of stringently defined op (sop) children suffering 3 episodes of acute otitis media within 6 months or 4 within a year for a familial association with the sop phenotype. | 2015 | 26490785 |
| atraumatic splenic rupture cases presenting with hemorrhagic shock and coagulopathy treated by splenic artery occlusion using a microballoon catheter before splenectomy. | atraumatic splenic rupture (asr) is an uncommon pathologic condition in which bleeding from the spleen occurs for a variety of nontraumatic reasons. while the current trend in traumatic splenic rupture is nonoperative management including transcatheter arterial embolization, the current recommendation for the treatment of most patients with asr is splenectomy. in this report, we describe two cases of asr presenting with hemorrhagic shock and complicated by anticoagulation therapy. in patients wi ... | 2015 | 26443017 |
| lipopolysaccharide transport to the cell surface: biosynthesis and extraction from the inner membrane. | the cell surface of most gram-negative bacteria is covered with lipopolysaccharide (lps). the network of charges and sugars provided by the dense packing of lps molecules in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane interferes with the entry of hydrophobic compounds into the cell, including many antibiotics. in addition, lps can be recognized by the immune system and plays a crucial role in many interactions between bacteria and their animal hosts. lps is synthesized in the inner membrane of gram- ... | 2015 | 26370941 |
| effectiveness of polyvalent bacterial lysate and autovaccines against upper respiratory tract bacterial colonization by potential pathogens: a randomized study. | polyvalent bacterial lysate (pbl) is an oral immunostimulating vaccine consisting of bacterial standardized lysates obtained by lysis of different strains of bacteria. autovaccines are individually prepared based on the results of smears obtained from the patient. both types of vaccine can be used to treat an ongoing chronic infection. this study sought to determine which method is more effective against nasal colonization by potential respiratory tract pathogens. | 2015 | 26434686 |
| current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. | otitis media (om) is an inflammation of the middle ear associated with infection. despite appropriate therapy, acute om (aom) can progress to chronic suppurative om (csom) associated with ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. the effusion prevents the middle ear ossicles from properly relaying sound vibrations from the ear drum to the oval window of the inner ear, causing conductive hearing loss. in addition, the inflammatory mediators generated during csom can penetrate into the inner ea ... | 2015 | 26248613 |
| nitric oxide production inhibition and anti-mycobacterial activity of extracts and halogenated sesquiterpenes from the brazilian red alga laurencia dendroidea j. agardh. | red algae of the genus laurencia j. v. lamouroux are a rich source of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities such as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-microbial as well as anti-bacterial against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2015 | 27013803 |
| detection of antimicrobial activity of banana peel (musa paradisiaca l.) on porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: an in vitro study. | banana is used widely because of its nutritional values. in past, there are studies that show banana plant parts, and their fruits can be used to treat the human diseases. banana peel is a part of banana fruit that also has the antibacterial activity against microorganisms but has not been studied extensively. since, there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of banana peel against periodontal pathogens. hence, the aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of ... | 2015 | 26681854 |
| poor memory b cell generation contributes to non-protective responses to dtap vaccine antigens in otitis-prone children. | we recently identified a cohort of children with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media (aom) who fail to generate protective antibody titres to otopathogens and several vaccine antigens. in this study we determined the antibody levels against dtap vaccine antigens, diphtheria toxoid (dt), tetanus toxoid (tt) and acellular pertussis toxoid (pt) in sera from 15 stringently defined otitis-prone (sop) children and 20 non-otitis-prone (nop) children. we found significantly lower concentrations of ... | 2015 | 26138025 |
| nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases: from the last universal common ancestor to modern bacterial pathogens. | the electrochemical gradient that ensues from the enzymatic activity of cytochromes such as nitrate reductase, nitric oxide reductase, and quinol oxidase contributes to the bioenergetics of the bacterial cell. reduction of nitrogen oxides by bacterial pathogens can, however, be uncoupled from proton translocation and biosynthesis of atp or nh4(+), but still linked to quinol and nadh oxidation. ancestral nitric oxide reductases, as well as cytochrome c oxidases and quinol bo oxidases evolved from ... | 2015 | 26426528 |
| nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases: from the last universal common ancestor to modern bacterial pathogens. | the electrochemical gradient that ensues from the enzymatic activity of cytochromes such as nitrate reductase, nitric oxide reductase, and quinol oxidase contributes to the bioenergetics of the bacterial cell. reduction of nitrogen oxides by bacterial pathogens can, however, be uncoupled from proton translocation and biosynthesis of atp or nh4(+), but still linked to quinol and nadh oxidation. ancestral nitric oxide reductases, as well as cytochrome c oxidases and quinol bo oxidases evolved from ... | 2015 | 26426528 |
| il-22 defect during streptococcus pneumoniae infection triggers exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is linked to episodes of exacerbations caused by bacterial infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae. our objective was to identify during copd, factors of susceptibility to bacterial infections among cytokine network and their role in copd exacerbations. s. pneumoniae was used to sub-lethally challenge mice chronically exposed to air or cigarette smoke (cs) and to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from non-smokers, s ... | 2015 | 26870795 |
| prevention of exacerbations in patients with copd and vitamin d deficiency through vitamin d supplementation (precovid): a study protocol. | vitamin d is well known for its function in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralisation, but is increasingly studied for its potential immunomodulatory properties. vitamin d deficiency is a common problem in patients with copd. previous studies have not demonstrated a beneficial effect of vitamin d on exacerbation rate in copd patients. however, subgroup analyses suggested protective effects in vitamin d deficient patients. our objective is to assess the effect of vitamin d supplementation on ex ... | 2015 | 26399451 |
| serum antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis proteins omp cd, oppa, msp22, hag, and pila2 after nasopharyngeal colonization and acute otitis media in children. | there is no licensed vaccine for moraxella catarrhalis (mcat), which is a prominent bacterium causing acute otitis media (aom) in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. nasopharyngeal (np) colonization caused by respiratory bacteria results in natural immunization of the host. to identify mcat antigens as vaccine candidates, we evaluated the development of naturally induced antibodies to 5 mcat surface proteins in children 6-30 months of age during mcat np colonization and ao ... | 2015 | 26392013 |
| in vitro activity of azd0914, a novel bacterial dna gyrase/topoisomerase iv inhibitor, against clinically relevant gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative pathogens. | azd0914, a new spiropyrimidinetrione bacterial dna gyrase inhibitor with a novel mode of inhibition, has activity against bacterial species commonly cultured from patient infection specimens, including fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. this study assessed the in vitro activity of azd0914 against key gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative clinical isolates collected globally in 2013. azd0914 demonstrated potent activity, with mic90s for azd0914 of 0.25 mg/liter against staphylococcus aureus ... | 2015 | 26195518 |
| metabolomic profiling of plasma from patients with tuberculosis by use of untargeted mass spectrometry reveals novel biomarkers for diagnosis. | although tuberculosis (tb) is a reemerging disease that affects people in developing countries and immunocompromised populations in developed countries, the current diagnostic methods are far from optimal. metabolomics is increasingly being used for studies on infectious diseases. we performed metabolome profiling of plasma samples to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing tb. we compared the plasma metabolome profiles of tb patients (n = 46) with those of community-acquired pneumonia (cap ... | 2015 | 26378277 |
| the conserved carboxyl domain of morc, an inner membrane protein of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, is essential for membrane function. | morphogenesis protein c (morc) of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is important for maintaining the membrane morphology and integrity of the cell envelope of this oral pathogen. the morc sequence and operon organization were found to be conserved in gammaproteobacteria, based on a bioinformatic analysis of 435 sequences from representative organisms. functional conservation of morc was investigated using an a. actinomycetemcomitans morc mutant as a model system to express morc homologs from ... | 2015 | 26205976 |
| the conserved carboxyl domain of morc, an inner membrane protein of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, is essential for membrane function. | morphogenesis protein c (morc) of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is important for maintaining the membrane morphology and integrity of the cell envelope of this oral pathogen. the morc sequence and operon organization were found to be conserved in gammaproteobacteria, based on a bioinformatic analysis of 435 sequences from representative organisms. functional conservation of morc was investigated using an a. actinomycetemcomitans morc mutant as a model system to express morc homologs from ... | 2015 | 26205976 |
| oral use of streptococcus salivarius k12 in children with secretory otitis media: preliminary results of a pilot, uncontrolled study. | secretory otitis media (som) remains a common disease among children. although its cause is not yet perfectly established, the pathology, often a sequel of acute otitis media (aom), is mainly characterized by persistent fluid in the middle ear cavity. twenty-two children with a diagnosis of som were treated daily for 90 days with an oral formulation containing the oral probiotic streptococcus salivarius k12 (bactoblis(®)). after treatment, the children were evaluated for aom episodes and subject ... | 2015 | 26396541 |
| population density profiles of nasopharyngeal carriage of 5 bacterial species in pre-school children measured using quantitative pcr offer potential insights into the dynamics of transmission. | bacterial vaccines can reduce carriage rates. colonization is usually a binary endpoint. real time quantitative pcr (qpcr) can quantify bacterial dna in mucosal samples over a wide range. using culture and single-gene species-specific qpcrs for streptococcus pneumoniae (lyta), streptococcus pyogenes (ntpc), moraxella catarrhalis (ompj), haemophilus influenzae (hdp) and staphylococcus aureus (nuc) and standard curves against log-phase reference strain broth cultures we described frequency and pea ... | 2015 | 26367344 |
| population density profiles of nasopharyngeal carriage of 5 bacterial species in pre-school children measured using quantitative pcr offer potential insights into the dynamics of transmission. | bacterial vaccines can reduce carriage rates. colonization is usually a binary endpoint. real time quantitative pcr (qpcr) can quantify bacterial dna in mucosal samples over a wide range. using culture and single-gene species-specific qpcrs for streptococcus pneumoniae (lyta), streptococcus pyogenes (ntpc), moraxella catarrhalis (ompj), haemophilus influenzae (hdp) and staphylococcus aureus (nuc) and standard curves against log-phase reference strain broth cultures we described frequency and pea ... | 2015 | 26367344 |
| minimally invasive sampling method identifies differences in taxonomic richness of nasal microbiomes in young infants associated with mode of delivery. | to date, there is a limited understanding of the role of the airway microbiome in the early life development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, partly due to a lack of simple and minimally invasive sample collection methods. in order to characterize the baseline microbiome of the upper respiratory tract (urt) in infants, a comparatively non-invasive method for sampling the urt microbiome suitable for use in infants was developed. microbiome samples were collected by placing filter paper in ... | 2015 | 26370110 |
| minimally invasive sampling method identifies differences in taxonomic richness of nasal microbiomes in young infants associated with mode of delivery. | to date, there is a limited understanding of the role of the airway microbiome in the early life development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, partly due to a lack of simple and minimally invasive sample collection methods. in order to characterize the baseline microbiome of the upper respiratory tract (urt) in infants, a comparatively non-invasive method for sampling the urt microbiome suitable for use in infants was developed. microbiome samples were collected by placing filter paper in ... | 2015 | 26370110 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa uses dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (lpd) to bind to the human terminal pathway regulators vitronectin and clusterin to inhibit terminal pathway complement attack. | the opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa controls host innate immune and complement attack. here we identify dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (lpd), a 57 kda moonlighting protein, as the first p. aeruginosa protein that binds the two human terminal pathway inhibitors vitronectin and clusterin. both human regulators when bound to the bacterium inhibited effector function of the terminal complement, blocked c5b-9 deposition and protected the bacterium from complement damage. p. aerugi ... | 2015 | 26368530 |
| impaired innate copd alveolar macrophage responses and toll-like receptor-9 polymorphisms. | dysfunctional innate responses of alveolar macrophages to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae contribute to morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). our earlier studies discovered impaired copd alveolar macrophage responses to toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands of nontypeable h. influenzae and provide rationale for further evaluation of tlr signaling. while the role of tlr single nucleotide polymorphisms is increasingly recognize ... | 2015 | 26361369 |
| using the electronic nose to identify airway infection during copd exacerbations. | the electronic nose (e-nose) detects volatile organic compounds (vocs) in exhaled air. we hypothesized that the exhaled vocs print is different in stable vs. exacerbated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), particularly if the latter is associated with airway bacterial infection, and that the e-nose can distinguish them. | 2015 | 26353114 |
| clinical characteristics of protracted bacterial bronchitis in chinese infants. | protracted bacterial bronchitis (pbb) is the common cause of chronic cough in children worldwide, but its etiology has not been fully recognized in china. we retrospectively investigated a total of 66 hospitalized infants under the age of three years with chronic wet cough enrolled in the affiliated children's hospital of soochow university from october 2010 to march 2014. all patients underwent bronchoscopy and broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) samples were processed for microbiological and cytolog ... | 2015 | 26338462 |
| the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in africa: considerations and early lessons learned from the south african experience. | the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) into the south african public immunization program since 2009 adopted a novel vaccination schedule of 3 doses at 6, 14 and 40 weeks of age. over the past 5 y it has been shown that infant pcv immunization in south africa is effective in reducing the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) among hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected children. furthermore, indirect protection of unvaccinated age-groups (including high risk groups such as hiv ... | 2015 | 26317537 |
| the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in africa: considerations and early lessons learned from the south african experience. | the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) into the south african public immunization program since 2009 adopted a novel vaccination schedule of 3 doses at 6, 14 and 40 weeks of age. over the past 5 y it has been shown that infant pcv immunization in south africa is effective in reducing the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) among hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected children. furthermore, indirect protection of unvaccinated age-groups (including high risk groups such as hiv ... | 2015 | 26317537 |
| vaccine targets against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. no vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis. promising m. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. | 2015 | 26565427 |
| vaccine targets against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. no vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis. promising m. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. | 2015 | 26565427 |
| in vitro evaluation of the comprehensive antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of curtisia dentata (burm.f) c.a. sm: toxicological effect on the human embryonic kidney (hek293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cell lines. | curtisia dentata is used in african traditional medicine to treat variety of infections. c. dentata leaves were collected from buffelskloof nature reserve, south africa. the ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using micro dilution assay against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycoplasma hominis, candida albicans and some clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis, proteus mirabilis and staphylococcus ... | 2015 | 27065768 |
| virus-induced secondary bacterial infection: a concise review. | respiratory diseases are a very common source of morbidity and mortality among children. health care providers often face a dilemma when encountering a febrile infant or child with respiratory tract infection. the reason expressed by many clinicians is the trouble to confirm whether the fever is caused by a virus or a bacterium. the aim of this review is to update the current evidence on the virus-induced bacterial infection. we present several clinical as well in vitro studies that support the ... | 2015 | 26345407 |
| quantitative analysis of pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd). this study investigates the potential relationship between aecopd and the load of six common bacterial pathogens in the lower respiratory tract using real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) in copd patients. | 2015 | 26286268 |
| ceftobiprole for the treatment of pneumonia: a european perspective. | ceftobiprole, a new broad spectrum, parenteral cephalosporin, exhibits potent in vitro activity against a number of gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, and gram-negative pathogens associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) and community-acquired pneumonia (cap). ceftobiprole has demonstrated noninferiority in two large-scale pivotal studies comparing it to ceftriaxone with or without linezolid in ... | 2015 | 26316697 |
| impacts of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. | applications of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) in the pediatric immunization schedule have dramatically reduced the incidence of pneumococcal diseases in both vaccinated children and unvaccinated individuals of all ages. however, increased infections caused by non-pcv7 serotypes have been reported by several groups. to overcome this problem, new vaccines covering more serotypes including the emerging serotypes have been developed. the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vacci ... | 2015 | 26351648 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in the conjugate vaccine era with a focus on pneumococci. | seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) was included in the uk national immunisation program in 2006, and this was replaced by thirteen-valent pcv in 2010. during this time, the carriage of vaccine-type streptococcus pneumoniae decreased but pneumococcal carriage remained stable due to increases in non-vaccine-type s. pneumoniae. carriage studies have been undertaken in various countries to monitor vaccine-type replacement and to help predict the serotypes, which may cause invasive di ... | 2015 | 26351646 |
| integrating microbial and host transcriptomics to characterize asthma-associated microbial communities. | the relationships between infections in early life and asthma are not completely understood. likewise, the clinical relevance of microbial communities present in the respiratory tract is only partially known. a number of microbiome studies analyzing respiratory tract samples have found increased proportions of gamma-proteobacteria including haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and firmicutes such as streptococcus pneumoniae. the aim of this study was to present a new approach that comb ... | 2015 | 26277095 |
| 16s rrna gene sequence-based identification of bacteria in automatically incubated blood culture materials from tropical sub-saharan africa. | the quality of microbiological diagnostic procedures depends on pre-analytic conditions. we compared the results of 16s rrna gene pcr and sequencing from automatically incubated blood culture materials from tropical ghana with the results of cultural growth after automated incubation. | 2015 | 26270631 |
| increased peripheral blood pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic lymphocytes in children with bronchiectasis. | bronchiectasis (be) in children is common in some communities including indigenous children in australia. relatively little is known about the nature of systemic inflammation in these children, especially the contribution of specific pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets: t-cells, natural killer (nk) cells and nkt-like cells. we have shown that these cells produce increased cytotoxic (granzyme b and perforin) and inflammatory (ifnγ and tnfα) mediators in several adult chronic lung di ... | 2015 | 26258716 |
| the efficacy of qingfengganke granule in treating postinfectious cough in pathogenic wind invading lungs syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | postinfectious cough (pic) significantly affects cough-related quality of life but still lacks effective treatments. this study aims to investigate the efficacy of qingfengganke granule (qfgkg) in treating pic induced by pathogenic wind invading lungs syndrome. | 2015 | 26257822 |
| periodontal status and oral health behavior in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | we evaluated the periodontal health status and oral health behavior among hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) to assess the association of copd with dental health. | 2015 | 26604629 |
| factors affecting staphylococcus aureus colonization of the nasopharynx in the first 6 months of life. | staphylococcal aureus (sa) colonization in early infancy is common, but the pattern and factors affecting its acquisition and persistence in the first few months of life are not well studied. the aim is to study the rate of sa nasopharyngeal (np) colonization at monthly intervals in the first 6 months of life and its association with environmental and host factors and other pathogenic np bacteria. | 2015 | 25961891 |
| real-time microbiology laboratory surveillance system to detect abnormal events and emerging infections, marseille, france. | infectious diseases are a major threat to humanity, and accurate surveillance is essential. we describe how to implement a laboratory data-based surveillance system in a clinical microbiology laboratory. two historical microsoft excel databases were implemented. the data were then sorted and used to execute the following 2 surveillance systems in excel: the bacterial real-time laboratory-based surveillance system (balyses) for monitoring the number of patients infected with bacterial species iso ... | 2015 | 26196165 |
| prevalence and resistance pattern of moraxella catarrhalis in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | moraxella catarrhalis previously considered as commensal of upper respiratory tract has gained importance as a pathogen responsible for respiratory tract infections. its beta-lactamase-producing ability draws even more attention toward its varying patterns of resistance. | 2015 | 26261422 |
| a year of infection in the intensive care unit: prospective whole genome sequencing of bacterial clinical isolates reveals cryptic transmissions and novel microbiota. | bacterial whole genome sequencing holds promise as a disruptive technology in clinical microbiology, but it has not yet been applied systematically or comprehensively within a clinical context. here, over the course of one year, we performed prospective collection and whole genome sequencing of nearly all bacterial isolates obtained from a tertiary care hospital's intensive care units (icus). this unbiased collection of 1,229 bacterial genomes from 391 patients enables detailed exploration of se ... | 2015 | 26230489 |
| cdia promotes receptor-independent intercellular adhesion. | cdib/cdia proteins mediate inter-bacterial competition in a process termed contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi). filamentous cdia exoproteins extend from cdi(+) cells and bind specific receptors to deliver toxins into susceptible target bacteria. cdi has also been implicated in auto-aggregation and biofilm formation in several species, but the contribution of cdia-receptor interactions to these multi-cellular behaviors has not been examined. using escherichia coli isolate ec93 as a model, w ... | 2015 | 26135212 |
| long-term impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in children previously vaccinated with various pneumococcal conjugate vaccine regimes. | previously, the fiji pneumococcal project (fipp) evaluated reduced dose immunization schedules that incorporated pneumococcal protein conjugate and/or polysaccharide vaccine (pcv7 and 23vppv, respectively). immune hyporesponsiveness was observed in children vaccinated with 23vppv at 12 months of age compared with children who did not receive 23vppv. here we assess the long-term impact of 23vppv vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage rates and densities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus in ... | 2015 | 26232540 |
| association of prevalence of rhinitis, atopic eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and wheezing with mortality from infectious diseases and with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level. | it was previously reported that there is a positive correlation between incidence of type 1 diabetes and prevalence of asthma and atopic eczema. a negative correlation between the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and mortality from infectious diseases as well as a positive correlation with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level have also been reported. | 2015 | 26240791 |
| a biphasic epigenetic switch controls immunoevasion, virulence and niche adaptation in non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae contains an n(6)-adenine dna-methyltransferase (moda) that is subject to phase-variable expression (random on/off switching). five moda alleles, moda2, moda4, moda5, moda9 and moda10, account for over two-thirds of clinical otitis media isolates surveyed. here, we use single molecule, real-time (smrt) methylome analysis to identify the dna-recognition motifs for all five of these moda alleles. phase variation of these alleles regulates multiple proteins includ ... | 2015 | 26215614 |
| vesicles-mediated resistance to antibiotics in bacteria. | | 2015 | 26257725 |
| virulence of group a streptococci is enhanced by human complement inhibitors. | streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group a streptococcus (gas), is an important human bacterial pathogen that can cause invasive infections. once it colonizes its exclusively human host, gas needs to surmount numerous innate immune defense mechanisms, including opsonization by complement and consequent phagocytosis. several strains of gas bind to human-specific complement inhibitors, c4b-binding protein (c4bp) and/or factor h (fh), to curtail complement c3 (a critical opsonin) deposition. thi ... | 2015 | 26200783 |
| validation of sensititre dry-form broth microdilution panels for susceptibility testing of ceftazidime-avibactam, a broad-spectrum-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. | ceftazidime-avibactam is a broad-spectrum-β-lactamase inhibitor combination in late-stage clinical development for the treatment of serious infections. in preparation for clinical microbiology laboratory use, a validation experiment was initiated to evaluate a commercial broth microdilution product (sensititre dried mic susceptibility system) compared to reference panels using 525 recent clinical isolates. among 11 pathogen groups, all had sensititre mic/reference mic ratios predominantly at 1 ( ... | 2015 | 26014937 |
| effects of different antibiotic classes on airway bacteria in stable copd using culture and molecular techniques: a randomised controlled trial. | long-term antibiotic therapy is used to prevent exacerbations of copd but there is uncertainty over whether this reduces airway bacteria. the optimum antibiotic choice remains unknown. we conducted an exploratory trial in stable patients with copd comparing three antibiotic regimens against placebo. | 2015 | 26179246 |
| responding to the challenge of untreatable gonorrhea: etx0914, a first-in-class agent with a distinct mechanism-of-action against bacterial type ii topoisomerases. | with the diminishing effectiveness of current antibacterial therapies, it is critically important to discover agents that operate by a mechanism that circumvents existing resistance. etx0914, the first of a new class of antibacterial agent targeted for the treatment of gonorrhea, operates by a novel mode-of-inhibition against bacterial type ii topoisomerases. incorporating an oxazolidinone on the scaffold mitigated toxicological issues often seen with topoisomerase inhibitors. organisms resistan ... | 2015 | 26168713 |
| the lung microbiome: new principles for respiratory bacteriology in health and disease. | | 2015 | 26158874 |
| optimization of molecular approaches to genogroup neisseria meningitidis carriage isolates and implications for monitoring the impact of new serogroup b vaccines. | the reservoir for neisseria meningitidis (nm) is the human oropharynx. implementation of nm serogroup c (nmc) glycoconjugate vaccines directly reduced nmc carriage. prophylactic vaccines are now available to prevent disease caused by the five major nm disease causing serogroups (abcwy). nm serogroup b (nmb) vaccines are composed of antigens that are conserved across nm serogroups and therefore have the potential to impact all nm carriage. to assess the effect of these vaccines on carriage, stand ... | 2015 | 26147212 |
| sputum bacterial and fungal dynamics during exacerbations of severe copd. | the changes in the microbial community structure during acute exacerbations of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in hospitalized patients remain largely uncharacterized. therefore, further studies focused on the temporal dynamics and structure of sputum microbial communities during acute exacerbation of copd (aecopd) would still be necessary. in our study, the use of molecular microbiological techniques provided insight into both fungal and bacterial diversities in aecopd patie ... | 2015 | 26147303 |
| the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: a review of current hypotheses. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a broad clinical syndrome that is characterized by prolonged mucosal inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and is typically divided into two subtypes based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps. the etiology and pathogenesis of both forms remain areas of active research. over the last 15 years, a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain all or part of the clinical crs spectrum. these hypotheses reflect the concept that crs results from a d ... | 2015 | 26143392 |
| the changing face of asthma and its relation with microbes. | during the past 50 years, the prevalence of asthma has increased and this has coincided with our changing relation with microorganisms. asthma is a complex disease associated with local tissue inflammation of the airway that is determined by environmental, immunological, and host genetic factors. in a subgroup of sufferers, respiratory infections are associated with the development of chronic disease and more frequent inflammatory exacerbations. recent studies suggest that these infections are p ... | 2015 | 25840766 |
| assessing compliance with established pneumonia core measures at a comprehensive cancer center. | healthcare organizations use pneumonia core measures (pcms) to ensure delivery of high-quality care. in this study, a multidisciplinary team was organized to optimize care and enhance compliance in a comprehensive cancer emergency center. we performed a four-phase study, three of which were interventional: intense education regarding pcm; microbiologic analysis of the pathogens responsible for the pneumonias; development and implementation of an institutional pneumonia algorithm and order set. i ... | 2015 | 24629128 |
| dual transcriptomic profiling of host and microbiota during health and disease in pediatric asthma. | high-throughput sequencing (hts) analysis of microbial communities from the respiratory airways has heavily relied on the 16s rrna gene. given the intrinsic limitations of this approach, airway microbiome research has focused on assessing bacterial composition during health and disease, and its variation in relation to clinical and environmental factors, or other microbiomes. consequently, very little effort has been dedicated to describing the functional characteristics of the airway microbiota ... | 2015 | 26125632 |
| high ifn-γ and low slpi mark severe asthma in mice and humans. | severe asthma (sa) is a challenge to control, as patients are not responsive to high doses of systemic corticosteroids (cs). in contrast, mild-moderate asthma (mma) is responsive to low doses of inhaled cs, indicating that th2 cells, which are dominant in mma, do not solely orchestrate sa development. here, we analyzed broncholalveolar lavage cells isolated from mma and sa patients and determined that ifn-γ (th1) immune responses are exacerbated in the airways of individuals with sa, with reduce ... | 2015 | 26121748 |
| acute exacerbations of copd are associated with significant activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 irrespectively of airway obstruction, emphysema and infection. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) are associated with accelerated aggravation of clinical symptoms and deterioration of pulmonary function. the mechanisms by which exacerbations may contribute to airway remodeling and declined lung function are poorly understood. in this study, we investigated if ae-copd are associated with differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and their tissue inhibitors (timps) in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). | 2015 | 26126526 |
| perioperative microbiologic monitoring of sputum on postoperative day one as a predictor of pneumonia after hepatectomy. | the purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate microbial examination of sputum on postoperative day one (pod1) and to determine risk factors for postoperative pneumonia (pop) after hepatectomy. | 2015 | 26105551 |
| evaluation of four commercial multiplex molecular tests for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections. | acute respiratory infections (aris) are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. documentation of respiratory specimens can help for an appropriate clinical management with a significant effect on the disease progress in patient, the antimicrobial therapy used and the risk of secondary spread of infection. here, we compared the performances of four commercial multiplex kits used in french university hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the detection of ari pat ... | 2015 | 26107509 |
| bacterial and respiratory viral interactions in the etiology of acute otitis media in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected south african children. | bacteria and respiratory viruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media (aom); however, data from low-middle income countries are sparse. we investigated the etiology of aom in hiv-infected (hiv+), hiv-uninfected (hiv-) and hiv-exposed clinically asymptomatic for hiv-infection (heu) south african children. | 2015 | 25923426 |
| expression of the oligopeptide permease operon of moraxella catarrhalis is regulated by temperature and nutrient availability. | moraxella catarrhalis causes otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. together, these two conditions contribute to enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. the oligopeptide permease (opp) abc transport system is a nutritional virulence factor important for the utilization of peptides. the substrate binding protein oppa, which binds peptides for uptake, is a potential vaccine antigen, but little was known about the regulation of gene expres ... | 2015 | 26099587 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae isolated from nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media in france before and after 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. | after the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs), the marked shift in streptococcus pneumoniae (pnc) serotype distribution led to a modification in pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility. in 2011, the pattern of antibiotic prescription in france for acute otitis media in infants was greatly modified, with decreased use of third-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanate replaced by amoxicillin alone. to assess antibiotic strategies, here we measured the antibiotic su ... | 2015 | 26093673 |
| total synthesis and structural revision of antibiotic cj-16,264. | the total synthesis and structural revision of antibiotic cj-16,264 is described. starting with citronellal, the quest for the target molecule featured a novel bis-transannular diels-alder reaction that casted stereoselectively the decalin system and included the synthesis of six isomers before demystification of its true structure. | 2015 | 26096055 |
| point-of-care multiplex pcr promises short turnaround times for microbial testing in hospital-acquired pneumonia--an observational pilot study in critical ill patients. | the early beginning of an adequate antibiotic therapy is crucial in hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), but depends on the results of conventional microbiological diagnostics (cmd). it was the aim of this study to evaluate the performance and turnaround times of a new point-of-care multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) system for rapid identification of pathogens and antibiotic resistance markers. we assessed the applicability of the system under real-life conditions in critical ill patients ... | 2015 | 26071191 |
| high pulmonary levels of il-6 and il-1β in children with chronic suppurative lung disease are associated with low systemic ifn-γ production in response to non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is commonly associated with chronic suppurative lung disease in children. we have previously shown that children with chronic suppurative lung disease have a reduced capacity to produce ifn-γ in response to nthi compared with healthy control children. the aim of this study was to determine if deficient nthi-specific ifn-γ production is associated with heightened systemic or airway inflammation. we measured a panel of cytokines (ifn-γ, il-1β, il-6, il-8, ... | 2015 | 26066058 |
| sodium houttuyfonate inhibits biofilm formation and alginate biosynthesis-associated gene expression in a clinical strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. | the increasing multidrug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious public-health problem. in the present study, the inhibitory activities of sodium houttuyfonate (sh) against biofilm formation and alginate production in a clinical strain of p.aeruginosa (ah16) were investigated in vitro using crystal violet dying and standard curve methods, respectively. the cellular morphology of p. aeruginosa treated with sh was observed using a scanning electron microscope. furthermore, revers ... | 2015 | 26622388 |
| airway bacteria measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture in patients with stable copd: relationship with neutrophilic airway inflammation, exacerbation frequency, and lung function. | potentially pathogenic microorganisms can be detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) in sputum from patients with copd, although how this technique relates to culture and clinical measures of disease is unclear. we used cross-sectional and longitudinal data to test the hypotheses that qpcr is a more sensitive measure of bacterial presence and is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation and adverse clinical outcomes. | 2015 | 26089657 |
| a fusion protein derived from moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria meningitidis aimed for immune modulation of human b cells. | moraxella igd-binding protein (mid) is a well characterized trimeric autotransporter that specifically targets the igd of b cells. we fused the membrane anchor of the meningococcal autotransporter nhha with the igd-binding region of mid (aa 962-1200) to create a chimeric protein designated as nid. the aim was to use this specific targeting to provide a better vaccine candidate against meningococci, in particular serogroup b by enhancing the immunogenicity of nhha. nid was thereafter recombinantl ... | 2015 | 26042357 |
| otopathogens detected in middle ear fluid obtained during tympanostomy tube insertion: contrasting purulent and non-purulent effusions. | otitis media is a prominent disease among children. previous literature indicates that otitis media is a polymicrobial disease, with haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, alloiococcus otitidis and moraxella catarrhalis being the most commonly associated bacterial pathogens. recent literature suggests that introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has had an effect on the etiology of otitis media. using a multiplex pcr procedure, we sought to investigate the presence of the afor ... | 2015 | 26039250 |
| diagnostic accuracy of chest x-ray and ultrasonography in detection of community acquired pneumonia; a brief report. | chest x-ray (cxr) is the simplest diagnostic tool of community acquired pneumonia (cap), but it has some limitation. therefore, the aim of this study is comparing the diagnostic accuracy of cxr and chest ultrasonography (cus) in detection of cap. | 2015 | 26495396 |
| in vitro activity of levofloxacin against lower respiratory tract pathogens. | considerable morbidity and mortality are associated with lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) that put a considerable strain on the health budget. selection of appropriate antibiotics as empirical therapy maximizes positive patient outcomes, and that depends on regular surveillance of infective agents and their antibiograms, which vary according to the geographical areas. | 2015 | 26229345 |
| an unusual case of breathlessness in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia: case report. | a 67-year-old caucasian male presented in january, 2013, with difficulty in breathing and pyrexia. this was following a course of antibiotics for a previous chest infection that had begun at the beginning of january and had not responded to therapy. his past medical history included chronic myeloid leukaemia, basal cell carcinoma of the throat treated in 2011, glaucoma and bilateral inguinal hernia repair (performed in 1989 and 2008). he was an ex-smoker of 21 years. his current medication was d ... | 2015 | 26306114 |
| interferon at the crossroads of allergy and viral infections. | ifn-α/β was first described as a potent inhibitor of viral replication, but it is now appreciated that ifn signaling plays a pleiotropic role in regulating peripheral t cell functions. recently, ifn-α/β was shown to block human th2 development by suppressing the transcription factor gata3. this effect is consistent with the role for ifn-α/β in suppressing allergic inflammatory processes by blocking granulocyte activation and il-4-mediated b cell isotype switching to ige. with the consideration o ... | 2015 | 26026068 |
| pidotimod: the state of art. | despite the use of antibiotics and vaccines, the frequency of respiratory tract infections is still high and these infections interest a wide range of patients, from children to aged people, including in particular these extreme categories because of the deficiency of their immune system, due to immaturity in the former case and to "immunosenescence" in the latter. for that reason immunostimulant drugs are getting more important to prevent and to attenuate infections. pidotimod (3-l-pyroglutamyl ... | 2015 | 25999796 |
| haemophilus influenzae responds to glucocorticoids used in asthma therapy by modulation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. | glucocorticosteroids are used as a main treatment to reduce airway inflammation in people with asthma who suffer from neutrophilic airway inflammation, a condition frequently associated with haemophilus influenzae colonization. here we show that glucocorticosteroids have a direct influence on the behavior of h. influenzae that may account for associated difficulties with therapy. using a mouse model of infection, we show that corticosteroid treatment promotes h. influenzae persistence. transcrip ... | 2015 | 25995336 |
| the autotransporter bpab contributes to the virulence of burkholderia mallei in an aerosol model of infection. | burkholderia mallei is a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes the zoonosis glanders. previous studies indicated that the genome of the organism contains eight genes specifying autotransporter proteins, which are important virulence factors of gram-negative bacteria. in the present study, we report the characterization of one of these autotransporters, bpab. database searches identified the bpab gene in ten b. mallei isolates and the predicted proteins were 99-100% identical. comparative seque ... | 2015 | 25993100 |
| reinforcing lipid a acylation on the cell surface of acinetobacter baumannii promotes cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance and desiccation survival. | acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging gram-negative pathogen found in hospitals and intensive care units. in order to persist in hospital environments, a. baumannii withstands desiccative conditions and can rapidly develop multidrug resistance to conventional antibiotics. cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) have served as therapeutic alternatives because they target the conserved lipid a component of the gram-negative outer membrane to lyse the bacterial cell. however, many gram-negative pa ... | 2015 | 25991684 |
| application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria in clinical sputum specimens of acute exacerbation of copd (aecopd). | the present study explores the application of lamp for rapid diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria in clinical sputum specimens of aecopd as compared with conventional sputum culturing method. 120 sputum specimens of aecopd patients, 46 sputum specimens of healthy controls, as well as 166 serum specimens as negative controls, were evaluated by lamp assay using primers of eight typical respiratory pathogens. no cross-reactivity was observed in these negative control species using lamp assay. the lower ... | 2015 | 26221344 |
| evaluation of unbiased next-generation sequencing of rna (rna-seq) as a diagnostic method in influenza virus-positive respiratory samples. | unbiased nontargeted metagenomic rna sequencing (umers) has the advantage to detect known as well as unknown pathogens and, thus, can significantly improve the detection of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal sequences in public health settings. in particular, conventional diagnostic methods successfully identify the putative pathogenic agent in only 30% to 40% of respiratory specimens from patients with acute respiratory illness. here, we applied umers to 24 diagnostic respiratory specimens ... | 2015 | 25972420 |
| a comparison of cefditoren pivoxil 8-12 mg/kg/day and cefditoren pivoxil 16-20 mg/kg/day in treatment of children with acute presumed bacterial rhinosinusitis: a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel-group study. | cefditoren pivoxil (cdt) has been used in the treatment of rhinosinusitis. however, little is known about the efficacy of this drug at low and high doses. this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of low dose (8-12 mg/kg/day) and high dose (16-20 mg/kg/day) cdt in the treatment of children with uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis (ars). | 2015 | 26045911 |
| microbiota in allergy and asthma and the emerging relationship with the gut microbiome. | asthma and atopy, classically associated with hyper-activation of the t helper 2 (th2) arm of adaptive immunity, are among the most common chronic illnesses worldwide. emerging evidence relates atopy and asthma to the composition and function of the human microbiome, the collection of microbes that reside in and on and interact with the human body. the ability to interrogate microbial ecology of the human host is due in large part to recent technological developments that permit identification o ... | 2015 | 25974301 |