| a eukaryotic factor required for accumulation of the chloroplast nad(p)h dehydrogenase complex in arabidopsis. | the nad(p)h dehydrogenase (ndh) complex in chloroplasts mediates photosystem i cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport. eleven chloroplast genes and three nuclear genes have been identified as encoding ndh subunits, but the entire subunit composition is still unknown. an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) chlororespiratory reduction (crr3) mutant was isolated based on its lack of transient increase in chlorophyll fluorescence after actinic light illumination; this was due to a specific d ... | 2006 | 17041026 |
| geminivirus infection up-regulates the expression of two arabidopsis protein kinases related to yeast snf1- and mammalian ampk-activating kinases. | geminivirus rep-interacting kinase 1 (grik1) and grik2 constitute a small protein kinase family in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). an earlier study showed that a truncated version of grik1 binds to the geminivirus replication protein al1. we show here both full-length grik1 and grik2 interact with al1 in yeast two-hybrid studies. using specific antibodies, we showed that both arabidopsis kinases are elevated in infected leaves. immunoblot analysis of healthy plants revealed that grik1 and gr ... | 2006 | 17041027 |
| heterologous expression and molecular and cellular characterization of capub1 encoding a hot pepper u-box e3 ubiquitin ligase homolog. | the u-box motif is a conserved domain found in the diverse isoforms of e3 ubiquitin ligase in eukaryotes. from water-stressed hot pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv pukang) plants, we isolated c. annuum putative u-box protein 1 (capub1), which encodes a protein containing a single u-box motif in its n-terminal region. in vitro ubiquitination and site-directed mutagenesis assays revealed that capub1 possessed e3 ubiquitin ligase activity and that the u-box motif was indeed essential for its enzyme act ... | 2006 | 17041029 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens soxr is involved in superoxide stress protection and also directly regulates superoxide-inducible expression of itself and a target gene. | inactivation of agrobacterium tumefaciens soxr increases sensitivity to superoxide generators. soxr expression is highly induced by superoxide stress and is autoregulated. soxr also directly regulates the superoxide-inducible expression of atu5152. taken together, the physiological role of soxr and the mechanism by which it regulates expression of target genes make the a. tumefaciens soxr system different from other bacterial systems. | 2006 | 17041041 |
| n-acetylanthranilate amidase from arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus rü61a, an alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold protein active towards aryl-acylamides and -esters, and properties of its cysteine-deficient variant. | n-acetylanthranilate amidase (amq), a 32.8-kda monomeric amide hydrolase, is involved in quinaldine degradation by arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus rü61a. sequence analysis and secondary structure predictions indicated that amq is related to carboxylesterases and belongs to the alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold superfamily of enzymes; inactivation of (his(6)-tagged) amq by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and diethyl pyrocarbonate and replacement of conserved residues suggested a catalytic triad consisting ... | 2006 | 17041061 |
| peroxisome function regulates growth on glucose in the basidiomycete fungus cryptococcus neoformans. | the function of the peroxisomes was examined in the pathogenic basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans. recent studies reveal the glyoxylate pathway is required for virulence of diverse microbial pathogens of plants and animals. one exception is c. neoformans, in which isocitrate lyase (encoded by icl1) was previously shown not to be required for virulence, and here this was extended to exclude also a role for malate synthase (encoded by mls1). the role of peroxisomes, in which the glyoxylate path ... | 2007 | 17041184 |
| peroxisome function regulates growth on glucose in the basidiomycete fungus cryptococcus neoformans. | the function of the peroxisomes was examined in the pathogenic basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans. recent studies reveal the glyoxylate pathway is required for virulence of diverse microbial pathogens of plants and animals. one exception is c. neoformans, in which isocitrate lyase (encoded by icl1) was previously shown not to be required for virulence, and here this was extended to exclude also a role for malate synthase (encoded by mls1). the role of peroxisomes, in which the glyoxylate path ... | 2007 | 17041184 |
| antimicrobial activity of omwaprin, a new member of the waprin family of snake venom proteins. | we have isolated and characterized omwaprin, a 50-amino-acid cationic protein from the venom of inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). it is a new member of the waprin family of snake venom proteins. a synthetic gene was designed and constructed for expressing the recombinant protein in escherichia coli. recombinant omwaprin was used for carrying out functional analyses. the protein is non-toxic to swiss albino mice at doses of up to 10 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally. however, it s ... | 2007 | 17044815 |
| development of simple and efficient in planta transformation method for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. shiranekomugi) seeds were soaked in water at 22 degrees c for 1 d. thereafter, the embryo of the soaked seeds was inoculated with agrobacterium tumefaciens by piercing a region of the embryonic apical meristem with a needle that had been dipped in an a. tumefaciens inoculum. the inoculated seeds were incubated at 22 degrees c for 2 d and sterilized by cefotaxime (claforan) (1000 ppm water solution) treatment and then vernalized at 5 degrees c for 25 d. finally, t ... | 2006 | 17046528 |
| the gene responsible for borate cross-linking of pectin rhamnogalacturonan-ii is required for plant reproductive tissue development and fertilization. | deficiencies in boron, a microelement that is essential for the growth and development of higher plants, often cause problems in reproductive growth. rhamnogalacturonan-ii (rg-ii) in cell wall pectin acts as the sole receptor for boron in plant cells, forming a borate cross-linked rg-ii dimer (drg-ii-b), but the physiological functions of drg-ii-b remain unknown. we have previously shown that the pectin glucuronyltransferase 1 gene npgut1, which is involved in the biosynthesis of rg-ii sugar cha ... | 2006 | 17053077 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed roots of the parasitic plant triphysaria versicolor retain parasitic competence. | parasitic plants in the orobanchaceae invade roots of neighboring plants to rob them of water and nutrients. triphysaria is facultative parasite that parasitizes a broad range of plant species including maize and arabidopsis. in this paper we describe transient and stable transformation systems for triphysaria versicolor fischer and c. meyer. agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizogenes were both able to transiently express a gus reporter in triphysaria seedlings following vacuum infil ... | 2007 | 17053892 |
| structure and function of the 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from the protocatechuate degradative pathway of agrobacterium radiobacter s2. | 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzymes participate in the protocatechuate branch of the 3-oxoadipate pathway of various aerobic bacteria. the gene encoding a 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (pcab1s2) was cloned from a gene cluster involved in protocatechuate degradation by agrobacterium radiobacter strain s2. this gene encoded for a 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme of 353 amino acids - significantly smaller than all previously studied 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate ... | 2006 | 17054713 |
| nps6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism, is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes. | nps6, encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, is a virulence determinant in the maize (zea mays) pathogen cochliobolus heterostrophus and is involved in tolerance to h(2)o(2). deletion of nps6 orthologs in the rice (oryza sativa) pathogen, cochliobolus miyabeanus, the wheat (triticum aestivum) pathogen, fusarium graminearum, and the arabidopsis thaliana pathogen, alternaria brassicicola, resulted in reduced virulence and hypersensitivity to h(2)o(2). introduction of the nps6 ortholog from th ... | 2006 | 17056706 |
| ftcr is a new master regulator of the flagellar system of brucella melitensis 16m with homologs in rhizobiaceae. | the flagellar regulon of brucella melitensis 16m contains 31 genes clustered in three loci on the small chromosome. these genes encode a polar sheathed flagellum that is transiently expressed during vegetative growth and required for persistent infection in a mouse model. by following the expression of three flagellar genes (flif, flge, and flic, corresponding to the ms ring, hook, and filament monomer, respectively), we identified a new regulator gene, ftcr (flagellar two-component regulator). ... | 2007 | 17056750 |
| ftcr is a new master regulator of the flagellar system of brucella melitensis 16m with homologs in rhizobiaceae. | the flagellar regulon of brucella melitensis 16m contains 31 genes clustered in three loci on the small chromosome. these genes encode a polar sheathed flagellum that is transiently expressed during vegetative growth and required for persistent infection in a mouse model. by following the expression of three flagellar genes (flif, flge, and flic, corresponding to the ms ring, hook, and filament monomer, respectively), we identified a new regulator gene, ftcr (flagellar two-component regulator). ... | 2007 | 17056750 |
| plant transformation by agrobacterium tumefaciens: modulation of single-stranded dna-vire2 complex assembly by vire1. | agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plant cells by the transfer of dna. a key factor in this process is the bacterial virulence protein vire2, which associates stoichiometrically with the transported single-stranded (ss) dna molecule (t-strand). as observed in vitro by transmission electron microscopy, vire2-ssdna readily forms an extended helical complex with a structure well suited to the tasks of dna protection and nuclear import. here we have elucidated the role of the specific molecular chape ... | 2007 | 17060320 |
| [optimization of the protocol for constructing transgenic plants of the white cabbage brassica oleracea var. capitata]. | the strain agrobacterium tumefaciens gv3101, which contains the pbar vector carrying the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (bar) under the control of the 35scmov promoter and nos 3' terminator, was used for genetic transformation of four white cabbage lines, ges-3, drv-2, zmu 7, and meg 2. the effect of different concentrations and combinations of phytohormones was studied, which allowed for choosing the cultivation conditions that provided a 63-78% regeneration efficiency. it was demonstr ... | 2006 | 17066961 |
| an inventory of yeast proteins associated with nucleolar and ribosomal components. | although baker's yeast is a primary model organism for research on eukaryotic ribosome assembly and nucleoli, the list of its proteins that are functionally associated with nucleoli or ribosomes is still incomplete. we trained a naïve bayesian classifier to predict novel proteins that are associated with yeast nucleoli or ribosomes based on parts lists of nucleoli in model organisms and large-scale protein interaction data sets. phylogenetic profiling and gene expression analysis were carried ou ... | 2006 | 17067374 |
| isolation of a novel ser/thr protein kinase gene from oligochitosan-induced tobacco and its role in resistance against tobacco mosaic virus. | oligochitosan induces defense responses to pathogenic microbes in a wide variety of plants by acting as an elicitor. in the present study, mrna differential display was used to investigate oligochitosan-induced transcriptional activation of defense-related genes. accordingly, a novel ser/thr protein kinase gene was isolated and designated as oligochitosan-induced protein kinase (oipk). molecular cloning showed that oipk contains six introns interrupted by seven exons. the open reading frame (orf ... | 2006 | 17071097 |
| systemin in solanum nigrum. the tomato-homologous polypeptide does not mediate direct defense responses. | we extend ryan's seminal work on the 18-amino acid polypeptide systemin in tomato's (solanum lycopersicum) systemic wound response to the closely related solanaceous species solanum nigrum. we compared wild-type plants to plants transformed with an inverted repeat prosystemin construct (irsys) to silence the expression of the endogenous s. nigrum prosystemin gene. in wild-type plants elicited with wounding + oral secretions from manduca sexta larvae, trypsin-proteinase inhibitors (tpis) accumula ... | 2006 | 17071641 |
| a pathogen-inducible endogenous sirna in plant immunity. | rna interference, mediated by small interfering rnas (sirnas), is a conserved regulatory process that has evolved as an antiviral defense mechanism in plants and animals. it is not known whether host cells also use sirnas as an antibacterial defense mechanism in eukaryotes. here, we report the discovery of an endogenous sirna, nat-sirnaatgb2, that is specifically induced by the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae carrying effector avrrpt2. we demonstrate that the biogenesis of this sirna req ... | 2006 | 17071740 |
| the rpot regulon of pseudomonas putida dot-t1e and its role in stress endurance against solvents. | pseudomonas putida encodes 20 extracytoplasmic sigma factors (ecfs). in this study, we show that one of these ecfs, known as ecf-pp12 (pp3006), plays a role in tolerance of toluene and other organic solvents. based on this finding, we have called the gene that encodes this new ecf rpot. the rpot gene forms an operon with the preceding gene and with the gene located downstream. the translated gene product of the open reading frame pp3005 is an inner membrane protein, whereas the pp3007 protein is ... | 2007 | 17071759 |
| the rpot regulon of pseudomonas putida dot-t1e and its role in stress endurance against solvents. | pseudomonas putida encodes 20 extracytoplasmic sigma factors (ecfs). in this study, we show that one of these ecfs, known as ecf-pp12 (pp3006), plays a role in tolerance of toluene and other organic solvents. based on this finding, we have called the gene that encodes this new ecf rpot. the rpot gene forms an operon with the preceding gene and with the gene located downstream. the translated gene product of the open reading frame pp3005 is an inner membrane protein, whereas the pp3007 protein is ... | 2007 | 17071759 |
| characterization of the genes encoding the 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate-lactonizing enzymes from the 4-sulfocatechol degradative pathways of hydrogenophaga intermedia s1 and agrobacterium radiobacter s2. | hydrogenophaga intermedia strain s1 and agrobacterium radiobacter strain s2 form a mixed bacterial culture which degrades sulfanilate (4-aminobenzenesulfonate) by a novel variation of the beta-ketoadipate pathway via 4-sulfocatechol and 3-sulfomuconate. it was previously proposed that the further metabolism of 3-sulfomuconate is catalysed by modified 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate-lactonizing enzymes (cmles) and that these 'type 2' enzymes were different from the conventional cmles ('type 1') from t ... | 2006 | 17074892 |
| changing green leaf volatile biosynthesis in plants: an approach for improving plant resistance against both herbivores and pathogens. | green leaf volatiles (glvs) are commonly emitted by green plants, and their production is drastically enhanced when they are under biotic stress. to clarify the ecological function of naturally emitted glvs, we studied the response of arabidopsis, whose glv biosynthesis had been modified, when subjected to herbivory or a pathogenic infection. there was a significant increase in glv production after herbivory by cabbage white butterfly larvae and pathogen (gray mold) infection in hydroperoxide ly ... | 2006 | 17075049 |
| excision and transfer of the mesorhizobium loti r7a symbiosis island requires an integrase ints, a novel recombination directionality factor rdfs, and a putative relaxase rlxs. | the mesorhizobium loti strain r7a symbiosis island is an integrative conjugative element (ice), herein termed icemlsymr7a, which integrates into a phetrna gene. integration reconstructs the phetrna gene at one junction with the core chromosome, and a direct repeat of the 3-prime 17 bp of the gene is formed at the other junction. we show that the icemlsymr7aints gene, which encodes an integrase of the phage p4 family, is required for integration and excision of the island. excision also depended ... | 2006 | 17076666 |
| visualization of the interaction between the precursors of vpg, the viral protein linked to the genome of turnip mosaic virus, and the translation eukaryotic initiation factor iso 4e in planta. | the rna genome of turnip mosaic virus is covalently linked at its 5' end to a viral protein known as vpg. this protein binds to the translation eukaryotic initiation factor iso 4e [eif(iso)4e]. this interaction has been shown to be important for virus infection, although its exact biological function(s) has not been elucidated. in this study, we investigated the subcellular site of the vpg-eif(iso)4e interaction using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc). as a first step, eif(iso)4e, ... | 2007 | 17079311 |
| visualization of the interaction between the precursors of vpg, the viral protein linked to the genome of turnip mosaic virus, and the translation eukaryotic initiation factor iso 4e in planta. | the rna genome of turnip mosaic virus is covalently linked at its 5' end to a viral protein known as vpg. this protein binds to the translation eukaryotic initiation factor iso 4e [eif(iso)4e]. this interaction has been shown to be important for virus infection, although its exact biological function(s) has not been elucidated. in this study, we investigated the subcellular site of the vpg-eif(iso)4e interaction using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc). as a first step, eif(iso)4e, ... | 2007 | 17079311 |
| salmonella produces an o-antigen capsule regulated by agfd and important for environmental persistence. | in this study, we show that salmonella produces an o-antigen capsule coregulated with the fimbria- and cellulose-associated extracellular matrix. structural analysis of purified salmonella extracellular polysaccharides yielded predominantly a repeating oligosaccharide unit similar to that of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis lipopolysaccharide o antigen with some modifications. putative carbohydrate transport and regulatory operons important for capsule assembly and translocation, designat ... | 2006 | 17079680 |
| localization of the plasmid-encoded proteins trai and moba in eukaryotic cells. | conjugation mediates gene transfer not only between bacterial species but also from bacteria to yeast, plant, and animal cells. dna transferred by conjugative plasmids from bacteria to eukaryotes must traverse subcellular membranes in the recipient before the transferred genes can be expressed and inherited. this process is most likely facilitated by putative dna pilot proteins such as vird2 of the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid. here, we test this model as a general feature of trans-kingd ... | 2007 | 17084894 |
| a phytophthora infestans cystatin-like protein targets a novel tomato papain-like apoplastic protease. | there is emerging evidence that the proteolytic machinery of plants plays important roles in defense against pathogens. the oomycete pathogen phytophthora infestans, the agent of the devastating late blight disease of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and potato (solanum tuberosum), has evolved an arsenal of protease inhibitors to overcome the action of host proteases. previously, we described a family of 14 kazal-like extracellular serine protease inhibitors from p. infestans. among these, epi1 ... | 2007 | 17085509 |
| characterization of a divinyl ether biosynthetic pathway specifically associated with pathogenesis in tobacco. | in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), an elicitor- and pathogen-induced 9-lipoxygenase (lox) gene, ntlox1, is essential for full resistance to pathogens, notably to an incompatible race of phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (ppn race 0). in this work, we aimed to identify those oxylipins induced during attempted infection by ppn race 0 and down-regulated in ntlox1 antisense plants. here we show that colneleic and colnelenic acids, which significantly inhibit germination of ppn zoospores, are prod ... | 2007 | 17085514 |
| silencing threonine deaminase and jar4 in nicotiana attenuata impairs jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against manduca sexta. | threonine deaminase (td) catalyzes the conversion of thr to alpha-keto butyrate in ile biosynthesis; however, its dramatic upregulation in leaves after herbivore attack suggests a role in defense. in nicotiana attenuata, strongly silenced td transgenic plants were stunted, whereas mildly silenced td transgenic plants had normal growth but were highly susceptible to manduca sexta attack. the herbivore susceptibility was associated with the reduced levels of jasmonic acid-isoleucine (ja-ile), tryp ... | 2006 | 17085687 |
| synthesis of n-acyl homoserine lactone analogues reveals strong activators of sdia, the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium luxr homologue. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are molecules that are synthesized and detected by many gram-negative bacteria to monitor the population density, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an exceptional species since it does not synthesize its own ahls, while it does encode a luxr homologue, sdia, which enables this bacterium to detect ahls that are produced by other species. to obtain more information about the specificity of the ligand binding by sdia, ... | 2007 | 17085703 |
| synthesis of n-acyl homoserine lactone analogues reveals strong activators of sdia, the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium luxr homologue. | n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are molecules that are synthesized and detected by many gram-negative bacteria to monitor the population density, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an exceptional species since it does not synthesize its own ahls, while it does encode a luxr homologue, sdia, which enables this bacterium to detect ahls that are produced by other species. to obtain more information about the specificity of the ligand binding by sdia, ... | 2007 | 17085703 |
| a rapid and robust method of identifying transformed arabidopsis thaliana seedlings following floral dip transformation. | the floral dip method of transformation by immersion of inflorescences in a suspension of agrobacterium is the method of choice for arabidopsis transformation. the presence of a marker, usually antibiotic- or herbicide-resistance, allows identification of transformed seedlings from untransformed seedlings. seedling selection is a lengthy process which does not always lead to easily identifiable transformants. selection for kanamycin-, phosphinothricin- and hygromycin b-resistance commonly takes ... | 2006 | 17087829 |
| both introns and long 3'-utrs operate as cis-acting elements to trigger nonsense-mediated decay in plants. | nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) is a eukaryotic quality control mechanism that identifies and eliminates aberrant mrnas containing a premature termination codon (ptc). although, key trans-acting nmd factors, upf1, upf2 and upf3 are conserved in yeast and mammals, the cis-acting nmd elements are different. in yeast, short specific sequences or long 3'-untranslated regions (3'-utrs) render an mrna subject to nmd, while in mammals' 3'-utr located introns trigger nmd. plants also possess an nmd s ... | 2006 | 17088291 |
| [construction of a plant effective expression vector containing the gene of hepatitis b virus surface antigen]. | to construct a plant effective expression vector driven by a fruit specific promoter for the expression of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), to further improve the expression of exogenous gene in plant, and to prepare for the development of an effective anti-hepatitis vaccine. | 2006 | 17090384 |
| dynamic state of dna topology is essential for genome condensation in bacteria. | in bacteria, dps is one of the critical proteins to build up a condensed nucleoid in response to the environmental stresses. in this study, we found that the expression of dps and the nucleoid condensation was not simply correlated in escherichia coli, and that fis, which is an e. coli (gamma-proteobacteria)-specific nucleoid protein, interfered with the dps-dependent nucleoid condensation. atomic force microscopy and northern blot analyses indicated that the inhibitory effect of fis was due to ... | 2006 | 17093499 |
| agronomic performance and transcriptional analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis in fruits of transgenic highcaro and control tomato lines under field conditions. | genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in higher plants has been the objective of a number of biotechnology programs, e.g. the golden rice program. however, tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.), which naturally accumulates lycopene in fruits, has attracted the attention of many groups who have manipulated it to increase or diversify carotenoid accumulation. one of the most significant achievements was "highcaro (hc)," a transgenic tomato plant constitutively expressing the tomato lycopene b ... | 2007 | 17096211 |
| agronomic performance and transcriptional analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis in fruits of transgenic highcaro and control tomato lines under field conditions. | genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in higher plants has been the objective of a number of biotechnology programs, e.g. the golden rice program. however, tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.), which naturally accumulates lycopene in fruits, has attracted the attention of many groups who have manipulated it to increase or diversify carotenoid accumulation. one of the most significant achievements was "highcaro (hc)," a transgenic tomato plant constitutively expressing the tomato lycopene b ... | 2007 | 17096211 |
| [bcmf4 gene, encoding a leucine-rich repeat protein, plays a role in male fertility in chinese cabbage-pak-choi]. | the bcmf4 (brassica campestris male fertility 4) gene was previously isolated from the fertile b line of chinese cabbage-pak-choi (brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis, syn. b. rapa ssp. chinensis var. communis). in the present paper, based on the cdna sequence of bcmf4, primers were designed and used to amplify two fragments from the cdna of flower buds of chinese cabbage-pak-choi. two produced fragments were introduced separately into binary vector pbi121 in antisense and sense ori ... | 2006 | 17098713 |
| arabidopsis samt1 defines a plastid transporter regulating plastid biogenesis and plant development. | s-adenosylmethionine (sam) is formed exclusively in the cytosol but plays a major role in plastids; sam can either act as a methyl donor for the biogenesis of small molecules such as prenyllipids and macromolecules or as a regulator of the synthesis of aspartate-derived amino acids. because the biosynthesis of sam is restricted to the cytosol, plastids require a sam importer. however, this transporter has not yet been identified. here, we report the molecular and functional characterization of a ... | 2006 | 17098813 |
| pstrxh1 and pstrxh2 are both pea h-type thioredoxins with antagonistic behavior in redox imbalances. | thioredoxins (trxs) are small ubiquitous oxidoreductases involved in disulfide bond reduction of a large panel of target proteins. the most complex cluster in the family of plant trxs is formed by h-type trxs. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), nine members of this subgroup were described, which are less well known than their plastidial counterparts. the functional study of type-h trxs is difficult because of the high number of isoforms and their similar biochemical characteristics, thus rai ... | 2007 | 17098852 |
| the complete genome sequence of roseobacter denitrificans reveals a mixotrophic rather than photosynthetic metabolism. | purple aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (aaps) are the only organisms known to capture light energy to enhance growth only in the presence of oxygen but do not produce oxygen. the highly adaptive aaps compose more than 10% of the microbial community in some euphotic upper ocean waters and are potentially major contributors to the fixation of the greenhouse gas co2. we present the complete genomic sequence and feature analysis of the aap roseobacter denitrificans, which reveal clues to its physiolo ... | 2007 | 17098896 |
| the complete genome sequence of roseobacter denitrificans reveals a mixotrophic rather than photosynthetic metabolism. | purple aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (aaps) are the only organisms known to capture light energy to enhance growth only in the presence of oxygen but do not produce oxygen. the highly adaptive aaps compose more than 10% of the microbial community in some euphotic upper ocean waters and are potentially major contributors to the fixation of the greenhouse gas co2. we present the complete genomic sequence and feature analysis of the aap roseobacter denitrificans, which reveal clues to its physiolo ... | 2007 | 17098896 |
| the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase dsbb mediates the oxidizing effects of the toxic metalloid tellurite (teo32-) on the plasma membrane redox system of the facultative phototroph rhodobacter capsulatus. | the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite (teo3(2-)) is a well known pro-oxidant in mammalian and bacterial cells. this work examines the effects of tellurite on the redox state of the electron transport chain of the facultative phototroph rhodobacter capsulatus, in relation to the role of the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase dsbb. under steady-state respiration, the addition of tellurite (2.5 mm) to membrane fragments generated an extrareduction of the cytochrome pool (c- and b-type hemes); further, in ... | 2007 | 17098900 |
| the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase dsbb mediates the oxidizing effects of the toxic metalloid tellurite (teo32-) on the plasma membrane redox system of the facultative phototroph rhodobacter capsulatus. | the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite (teo3(2-)) is a well known pro-oxidant in mammalian and bacterial cells. this work examines the effects of tellurite on the redox state of the electron transport chain of the facultative phototroph rhodobacter capsulatus, in relation to the role of the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase dsbb. under steady-state respiration, the addition of tellurite (2.5 mm) to membrane fragments generated an extrareduction of the cytochrome pool (c- and b-type hemes); further, in ... | 2007 | 17098900 |
| production of antibacterial compounds and biofilm formation by roseobacter species are influenced by culture conditions. | bacterial communities associated with marine algae are often dominated by members of the roseobacter clade, and in the present study, we describe roseobacter phenotypes that may provide this group of bacteria with selective advantages when colonizing this niche. nine of 14 members of the roseobacter clade, of which half were isolated from cultures of the dinoflagellate pfiesteria piscicida, produced antibacterial compounds. many non-roseobacter marine bacteria were inhibited by sterile filtered ... | 2007 | 17098910 |
| production of antibacterial compounds and biofilm formation by roseobacter species are influenced by culture conditions. | bacterial communities associated with marine algae are often dominated by members of the roseobacter clade, and in the present study, we describe roseobacter phenotypes that may provide this group of bacteria with selective advantages when colonizing this niche. nine of 14 members of the roseobacter clade, of which half were isolated from cultures of the dinoflagellate pfiesteria piscicida, produced antibacterial compounds. many non-roseobacter marine bacteria were inhibited by sterile filtered ... | 2007 | 17098910 |
| shewanella oneidensis mr-1 fluxome under various oxygen conditions. | the central metabolic fluxes of shewanella oneidensis mr-1 were examined under carbon-limited (aerobic) and oxygen-limited (microaerobic) chemostat conditions, using 13c-labeled lactate as the sole carbon source. the carbon labeling patterns of key amino acids in biomass were probed using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). based on the genome annotation, a metabolic pathway model was constructed to quantify the central metabolic flux distr ... | 2007 | 17098921 |
| shewanella oneidensis mr-1 fluxome under various oxygen conditions. | the central metabolic fluxes of shewanella oneidensis mr-1 were examined under carbon-limited (aerobic) and oxygen-limited (microaerobic) chemostat conditions, using 13c-labeled lactate as the sole carbon source. the carbon labeling patterns of key amino acids in biomass were probed using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). based on the genome annotation, a metabolic pathway model was constructed to quantify the central metabolic flux distr ... | 2007 | 17098921 |
| cross-species gaca-controlled induction of antibiosis in pseudomonads. | signal extracts prepared from culture supernatants of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao stimulated gaca-dependent expression of small rnas and hence of antibiotic compounds in both hosts. pseudomonas corrugata lmg2172 and p. fluorescens sbw25 also produced signal molecules stimulating gaca-controlled antibiotic synthesis in strain cha0, illustrating a novel, n-acyl-homoserine lactone-independent type of interspecies communication. | 2007 | 17098922 |
| cross-species gaca-controlled induction of antibiosis in pseudomonads. | signal extracts prepared from culture supernatants of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao stimulated gaca-dependent expression of small rnas and hence of antibiotic compounds in both hosts. pseudomonas corrugata lmg2172 and p. fluorescens sbw25 also produced signal molecules stimulating gaca-controlled antibiotic synthesis in strain cha0, illustrating a novel, n-acyl-homoserine lactone-independent type of interspecies communication. | 2007 | 17098922 |
| earlier flowering induced by over-expression of co gene does not accompany increase of artemisinin biosynthesis in artemisia annua. | the early flowering gene constans (co) from arabidopsis thaliana was transferred into artemisia annua using the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system. the plant expression vector pbi co was constructed by inserting the co gene into the binary vector pbi121 under the control of camv 35s promoter. analyses of pcr, pcr southern blot, and southern blot revealed that the transgenic plants contained the foreign co gene. the results of rt-pct and rt-pcr southern blot suggested that t ... | 2007 | 17099845 |
| environmental mimics and the lvh type iva secretion system contribute to virulence-related phenotypes of legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila, the causative organism of legionnaires' disease, is a fresh-water bacterium and intracellular parasite of amoebae. this study examined the effects of incubation in water and amoeba encystment on l. pneumophila strain jr32 and null mutants in dot/icm genes encoding a type ivb secretion system required for entry, delayed acidification of l. pneumophila-containing phagosomes, and intracellular multiplication when stationary-phase bacteria infect amoebae and macrophages. foll ... | 2007 | 17101653 |
| identification of helicobacter pylori genes that contribute to stomach colonization. | chronic infection of the human stomach by helicobacter pylori leads to a variety of pathological sequelae, including peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. several genes have been implicated in disease related to h. pylori infection, including the vacuolating cytotoxin and the cag pathogenicity island. other factors important for the establishment and maintenance of infection include urease enzyme production, motility, iron uptake, and stress res ... | 2007 | 17101654 |
| identification of helicobacter pylori genes that contribute to stomach colonization. | chronic infection of the human stomach by helicobacter pylori leads to a variety of pathological sequelae, including peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. several genes have been implicated in disease related to h. pylori infection, including the vacuolating cytotoxin and the cag pathogenicity island. other factors important for the establishment and maintenance of infection include urease enzyme production, motility, iron uptake, and stress res ... | 2007 | 17101654 |
| overexpression of defense response genes in transgenic wheat enhances resistance to fusarium head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat, caused by fusarium graminearum and other fusarium species, is a major disease problem for wheat production worldwide. to combat this problem, large-scale breeding efforts have been established. although progress has been made through standard breeding approaches, the level of resistance attained is insufficient to withstand epidemic conditions. genetic engineering provides an alternative approach to enhance the level of resistance. many defense response genes ... | 2007 | 17103001 |
| overexpression of defense response genes in transgenic wheat enhances resistance to fusarium head blight. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat, caused by fusarium graminearum and other fusarium species, is a major disease problem for wheat production worldwide. to combat this problem, large-scale breeding efforts have been established. although progress has been made through standard breeding approaches, the level of resistance attained is insufficient to withstand epidemic conditions. genetic engineering provides an alternative approach to enhance the level of resistance. many defense response genes ... | 2007 | 17103001 |
| selective repression of translation by the brome mosaic virus 1a rna replication protein. | differential expression of viral replication proteins is essential for successful infection. we report here that overexpression of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) 1a protein can repress viral rna replication in a dosage-dependent manner. using rna replication-incompetent reporter constructs, repression of translation from bmv rna1 and rna2 was observed, suggesting that the effect on translation of the bmv rna replication proteins is responsible for the decrease in rna levels. furthermore, repressio ... | 2007 | 17108036 |
| selective repression of translation by the brome mosaic virus 1a rna replication protein. | differential expression of viral replication proteins is essential for successful infection. we report here that overexpression of the brome mosaic virus (bmv) 1a protein can repress viral rna replication in a dosage-dependent manner. using rna replication-incompetent reporter constructs, repression of translation from bmv rna1 and rna2 was observed, suggesting that the effect on translation of the bmv rna replication proteins is responsible for the decrease in rna levels. furthermore, repressio ... | 2007 | 17108036 |
| characterization of atnuc-l1 reveals a central role of nucleolin in nucleolus organization and silencing of atnuc-l2 gene in arabidopsis. | nucleolin is one of the most abundant protein in the nucleolus and is a multifunctional protein involved in different steps of ribosome biogenesis. in contrast to animals and yeast, the genome of the model plant arabidopsis thaliana encodes two nucleolin-like proteins, atnuc-l1 and atnuc-l2. however, only the atnuc-l1 gene is ubiquitously expressed in normal growth conditions. disruption of this atnuc-l1 gene leads to severe plant growth and development defects. atnuc-l1 is localized in the nucl ... | 2007 | 17108323 |
| engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol. | global cottonseed production can potentially provide the protein requirements for half a billion people per year; however, it is woefully underutilized because of the presence of toxic gossypol within seed glands. therefore, elimination of gossypol from cottonseed has been a long-standing goal of geneticists. attempts were made to meet this objective by developing so-called "glandless cotton" in the 1950s by conventional breeding techniques; however, the glandless varieties were commercially unv ... | 2006 | 17110445 |
| characterization of the glyoxalase i gene from the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae. | a glyoxalase i gene homologue (vdglo1) was identified in the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae by sequence tag analysis of genes expressed during resting structure development. the results of the current study show that the gene encodes a putative 345 amino acid protein with high similarity to glyoxalase i, which produces s-d-lactoylglutathione from the toxic metabolic by-product methylglyoxal (mg). disruption of the v. dahliae gene by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation re ... | 2006 | 17110973 |
| role of zearalenone lactonase in protection of gliocladium roseum from fungitoxic effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone. | zearalenone is a mycotoxin with estrogenic effects on mammals that is produced by several species of fusarium. we found that zearalenone and its derivatives inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi on solid media at concentrations of < or =10 microg/ml. the fungitoxic effect declined in the order zearalenone > alpha-zearalenol > beta-zearalenol. the mycoparasitic fungus gliocladium roseum produces a zearalenone-specific lactonase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of zearalenone, followed by a sponta ... | 2007 | 17114328 |
| arabidopsis slim1 is a central transcriptional regulator of plant sulfur response and metabolism. | sulfur is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth. to identify key transcription factors regulating the sulfur assimilatory pathway, we screened arabidopsis thaliana mutants using a fluorescent reporter gene construct consisting of the sulfur limitation-responsive promoter of the sultr1;2 sulfate transporter and green fluorescent protein as a background indicator for monitoring plant sulfur responses. the isolated mutant, sulfur limitation1 (slim1), was unable to induce sultr1;2 tra ... | 2006 | 17114350 |
| protein polyubiquitination plays a role in basal host resistance of barley. | to study protein ubiquitination pathways in the interaction of barley (hordeum vulgare) with the powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis), we measured protein turnover and performed transient-induced gene silencing (tigs) of ubiquitin and 26s proteasome subunit encoding genes in epidermal cells. attack by b. graminis hyperdestabilized a novel unstable green fluorescent protein fusion that contains a destabilization domain of a putative barley 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, suggesti ... | 2006 | 17114351 |
| a constitutive shade-avoidance mutant implicates tir-nbs-lrr proteins in arabidopsis photomorphogenic development. | in plants, light signals caused by the presence of neighbors accelerate stem growth and flowering and induce a more erect position of the leaves, a developmental strategy known as shade-avoidance syndrome. in addition, mutations in the photoreceptors that mediate shade-avoidance responses enhance disease susceptibility in arabidopsis thaliana. here, we describe the arabidopsis constitutive shade-avoidance1 (csa1) mutant, which shows a shade-avoidance phenotype in the absence of shade and enhance ... | 2006 | 17114357 |
| effects of medium composition on production of 5-aminolevulinic acid by recombinant escherichia coli. | the recombinant escherichia coli bl21(de3) harboring hema from agrobacterium radiobacter, which was engineered in our previous work, was used for the extracellular production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala). the effects of various physiological factors, such as the concentrations of precursors (glycine, succinic acid and glucose) and the inhibitor 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (levulinic acid), on the ala accumulation in the fermentation broth were investigated in both shake flasks and a jar ferm ... | 2006 | 17116578 |
| directed evolution and structural analysis of n-carbamoyl-d-amino acid amidohydrolase provide insights into recombinant protein solubility in escherichia coli. | one of the greatest bottlenecks in producing recombinant proteins in escherichia coli is that over-expressed target proteins are mostly present in an insoluble form without any biological activity. dcase (n-carbamoyl-d-amino acid amidohydrolase) is an important enzyme involved in semi-synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics in industry. in the present study, in order to determine the amino acid sites responsible for solubility of dcase, error-prone pcr and dna shuffling techniques were applied to r ... | 2007 | 17121498 |
| highly conserved residues asp-197 and his-250 in agp1 phytochrome control the proton affinity of the chromophore and pfr formation. | the mutants h250a and d197a of agp1 phytochrome from agrobacterium tumefaciens were prepared and investigated by different spectroscopic and biochemical methods. asp-197 and his-250 are highly conserved amino acids and are part of the hydrogen-bonding network that involves the chromophore. both substitutions cause a destabilization of the protonated chromophore in the pr state as revealed by resonance raman and uv-visible absorption spectroscopy. titration experiments demonstrate a lowering of t ... | 2007 | 17121858 |
| arabidopsis nrp1 and nrp2 encode histone chaperones and are required for maintaining postembryonic root growth. | nucleosome assembly protein1 (nap1) is conserved from yeast to human and was proposed to act as a histone chaperone. while budding yeast contains a single nap1 gene, multicellular organisms, including plants and animals, contain several nap1 and nap1-related protein (nrp) genes. however, the biological role of these genes has been largely unexamined. here, we show that, in arabidopsis thaliana, simultaneous knockout of the two nrp genes, nrp1 and nrp2, impaired postembryonic root growth. in the ... | 2006 | 17122067 |
| novel type iv secretion system involved in propagation of genomic islands. | type iv secretion systems (t4sss) mediate horizontal gene transfer, thus contributing to genome plasticity, evolution of infectious pathogens, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance and other virulence traits. a gene cluster of the haemophilus influenzae genomic island icehin1056 has been identified as a t4ss involved in the propagation of genomic islands. this t4ss is novel and evolutionarily distant from the previously described systems. mutation analysis showed that inactivation of key ge ... | 2007 | 17122343 |
| novel type iv secretion system involved in propagation of genomic islands. | type iv secretion systems (t4sss) mediate horizontal gene transfer, thus contributing to genome plasticity, evolution of infectious pathogens, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance and other virulence traits. a gene cluster of the haemophilus influenzae genomic island icehin1056 has been identified as a t4ss involved in the propagation of genomic islands. this t4ss is novel and evolutionarily distant from the previously described systems. mutation analysis showed that inactivation of key ge ... | 2007 | 17122343 |
| optimization of culture conditions and scale-up to pilot and plant scales for coenzyme q10 production by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | this report describes the optimization of culture conditions for coenzyme q(10) (coq(10)) production by agrobacterium tumefaciens kccm 10413, an identified high-coq(10)-producing strain (kim et al., korean patent. 10-0458818, 2002b). among the conditions tested, the ph and the dissolved oxygen (do) levels were the key factors affecting coq(10) production. when the ph and do levels were controlled at 7.0 and 0-10%, respectively, a dry cell weight (dcw) of 48.4 g l(-1) and a coq(10) production of ... | 2007 | 17124579 |
| the agrobacterium vire3 effector protein: a potential plant transcriptional activator. | during the infection of plants, agrobacterium tumefaciens introduces several virulence proteins including vire2, virf, vird5 and vire3 into plant cells in addition to the t-dna. here, we report that double mutation of virf and vire3 leads to strongly diminished tumor formation on tobacco, tomato and sunflower. the vire3 protein is translated from a polycistronic mrna containing the vire1, vire2 and vire3 genes, in agrobacterium. the vire3 protein has nuclear localization sequences, which suggest ... | 2006 | 17130174 |
| t-dna locus structure in a large population of soybean plants transformed using the agrobacterium-mediated cotyledonary-node method. | designing transformation experiments for either functional genomics or crop improvement requires knowledge of the transgene locus structure, number, transmission and expression resulting from a specific transformation method. we recently reported an improvement to the soybean [glycine max (l.) merrill] cotyledonary-node transformation method that resulted in the efficient production of transgenic plants. to characterize the transgene loci resulting from this method, we analysed 270 independent t ... | 2004 | 17134390 |
| conjugative transfer of chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance from helicobacter pylori to campylobacter jejuni. | many strains of helicobacter pylori are naturally competent for transformation and able to transfer chromosomal dna among different isolates using a conjugation-like mechanism. in this study, we sought to determine whether h. pylori can transfer dna into campylobacter jejuni, a closely related species of the campylobacterales group. to monitor the transfer, a chromosomally encoded streptomycin resistance cassette prearranged by a specific mutation in the rpsl gene of h. pylori was used. mating o ... | 2007 | 17135441 |
| conjugative transfer of chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance from helicobacter pylori to campylobacter jejuni. | many strains of helicobacter pylori are naturally competent for transformation and able to transfer chromosomal dna among different isolates using a conjugation-like mechanism. in this study, we sought to determine whether h. pylori can transfer dna into campylobacter jejuni, a closely related species of the campylobacterales group. to monitor the transfer, a chromosomally encoded streptomycin resistance cassette prearranged by a specific mutation in the rpsl gene of h. pylori was used. mating o ... | 2007 | 17135441 |
| modulation of the venation pattern of cotyledons of transgenic tobacco for the tumorigenic 6b gene of agrobacterium tumefaciens ake10. | neoplastic plant-tissue formation, termed crown gall disease, is induced on infection with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the tumorous tissues develop an extensive vascular system, with a venation pattern distinct from that of native host plants. we report here that the plant-tumorigenic 6b gene of the a. tumefaciens strain ake10 is capable of inducing extensive vein formation in transgenic tobacco seedlings with distinct pattern formation. unlike the wild-type cotyledons, transgenic cotyledons had ... | 2007 | 17136474 |
| [progress on agrobacterium-mediated transformation of banana]. | the development of improved musa by conventional breeding remains to be a difficult endeavor because of the long generation times, various levels of ploidy, sterility of most edible cultivars and limited genetic variability. therefore, genetic engineering may offer an alternative method for crop enhancement. the transformation system mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens has been used successfully to transform banana during the past 10 years. this article reviews recent progresses on transformat ... | 2006 | 17138552 |
| constans and the ccaat box binding complex share a functionally important domain and interact to regulate flowering of arabidopsis. | the cct (for constans, constans-like, toc1) domain is found in 45 arabidopsis thaliana proteins involved in processes such as photoperiodic flowering, light signaling, and regulation of circadian rhythms. we show that this domain exhibits similarities to yeast heme activator protein2 (hap2), which is a subunit of the hap2/hap3/hap5 trimeric complex that binds to ccaat boxes in eukaryotic promoters. moreover, we demonstrate that constans (co), which promotes arabidopsis flowering, interacts with ... | 2006 | 17138697 |
| plant n-glycan processing enzymes employ different targeting mechanisms for their spatial arrangement along the secretory pathway. | the processing of n-linked oligosaccharides in the secretory pathway requires the sequential action of a number of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. we studied the spatial distribution of several type ii membrane-bound enzymes from glycine max, arabidopsis thaliana, and nicotiana tabacum. glucosidase i (gcsi) localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (er), alpha-1,2 mannosidase i (mani) and n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnti) both targeted to the er and golgi, and beta-1,2 xylosyltransfer ... | 2006 | 17138701 |
| protein homology network families reveal step-wise diversification of type iii and type iv secretion systems. | from the analysis of 251 prokaryotic genomes stored in public databases, the 761,260 deduced proteins were used to reconstruct a complete set of bacterial proteic families. using the new overlap algorithm, we have partitioned the protein homology network (phn), where the proteins are the nodes and the links represent homology relationships. the algorithm identifies the densely connected regions of the phn that define the families of homologous proteins, here called phn-families, recognizing the ... | 2006 | 17140285 |
| cell death suppressor arabidopsis bax inhibitor-1 is associated with calmodulin binding and ion homeostasis. | cell death suppressor bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, exists in a wide range of organisms. the split-ubiquitin system, overlay assay, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis demonstrated that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) bi-1 (atbi-1) interacted with calmodulin in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in plant cells. furthermore, atbi-1 failed to rescue yeast mutants lacking ca2+ atpase (pmr1 or spf1) from bax-induced cell death. pmr1 and spf ... | 2007 | 17142482 |
| the gus reporter-aided analysis of the promoter activities of a rice metallothionein gene reveals different regulatory regions responsible for tissue-specific and inducible expression in transgenic arabidopsis. | to gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism of plant metallothionein (mt) genes, a chimeric expression unit consisting of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) reporter gene under the control of a 1,324 bp fragment of the rice mt (ricmt) promoter was introduced into arabidopsis via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the strongest histochemical staining for gus activity was observed in the cotyledons and hypocotyls of the transgenic seedlings and in the stigma, filaments and anthers of young and m ... | 2007 | 17146614 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated sorghum transformation using a mannose selection system. | a dual-marker plasmid containing the selectable marker gene, mana, and the reporter gene, sgfp, was used to transform immature sorghum embryos by employing an agrobacterium-mediated system. both genes were under the control of the ubi1 promoter in a binary vector ppzp201. the escherichia coli phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) gene, pmi, was used as the selectable marker gene and mannose was used as the selective agent. the sgfp gene encoding green fluorescence protein (gfp) was the reporter gene an ... | 2005 | 17147630 |
| an in-built proteinase inhibitor system for the protection of recombinant proteins recovered from transgenic plants. | proteolytic degradation represents a significant barrier to the efficient production of several recombinant proteins in plants, both in vivo during their expression and in vitro during their recovery from source tissues. here, we describe a strategy to protect recombinant proteins during the recovery process, based on the coexpression of a heterologous proteinase inhibitor acting as a 'mouse trap' against the host proteases during extraction. after confirming the importance of trypsin- and chymo ... | 2006 | 17147641 |
| legionella pneumophila type ii secretome reveals unique exoproteins and a chitinase that promotes bacterial persistence in the lung. | type ii protein secretion is critical for legionella pneumophila infection of amoebae, macrophages, and mice. previously, we found several enzymes to be secreted by this (lsp) secretory pathway. to better define the l. pneumophila type ii secretome, a 2d electrophoresis proteomic approach was used to compare proteins in wild-type and type ii mutant supernatants. we identified 20 proteins that are type ii-dependent, including aminopeptidases, an rnase, and chitinase, as well as proteins with no h ... | 2006 | 17148602 |
| mutations in the central domain of potato virus x tgbp2 eliminate granular vesicles and virus cell-to-cell trafficking. | most rna viruses remodel the endomembrane network to promote virus replication, maturation, or egress. rearrangement of cellular membranes is a crucial component of viral pathogenesis. the pvx tgbp2 protein induces vesicles of the granular type to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum network. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was fused to the pvx tgbp2 coding sequence and inserted into the viral genome and into prtl2 plasmids to study protein subcellular targeting in the presence and absence of viru ... | 2007 | 17151124 |
| mutations in the central domain of potato virus x tgbp2 eliminate granular vesicles and virus cell-to-cell trafficking. | most rna viruses remodel the endomembrane network to promote virus replication, maturation, or egress. rearrangement of cellular membranes is a crucial component of viral pathogenesis. the pvx tgbp2 protein induces vesicles of the granular type to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum network. green fluorescent protein (gfp) was fused to the pvx tgbp2 coding sequence and inserted into the viral genome and into prtl2 plasmids to study protein subcellular targeting in the presence and absence of viru ... | 2007 | 17151124 |
| substrate recognition by the hetero-octameric atp phosphoribosyltransferase from lactococcus lactis. | two families of atp phosphoribosyl transferases (atp-prt) join atp and 5-phosphoribosyl-1 pyrophosphate (prpp) in the first reaction of histidine biosynthesis. these consist of a homohexameric form found in all three kingdoms and a hetero-octameric form largely restricted to bacteria. hetero-octameric atp-prts consist of four hisgs catalytic subunits related to periplasmic binding proteins and four hisz regulatory subunits that resemble histidyl-trna synthetases. to clarify the relationship betw ... | 2006 | 17154531 |
| genetic transformation and gene silencing mediated by multiple copies of a transgene in eastern white pine. | an efficient transgenic eastern white pine (pinus strobus l.) plant regeneration system has been established using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain gv3850-mediated transformation and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene as a reporter in this investigation. stable integration of transgenes in the plant genome of pine was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), southern blot, and northern blot analyses. transgene expression was analysed in pine t-dna transformants carrying different numb ... | 2007 | 17158108 |
| arabidopsis dcp2, dcp1, and varicose form a decapping complex required for postembryonic development. | mrna turnover in eukaryotes involves the removal of m7gdp from the 5' end. this decapping reaction is mediated by a protein complex well characterized in yeast and human but not in plants. the function of the decapping complex in the development of multicellular organisms is also poorly understood. here, we show that arabidopsis thaliana dcp2 can generate from capped mrnas, m7gdp, and 5'-phosphorylated mrnas in vitro and that this decapping activity requires an active nudix domain. dcp2 interact ... | 2006 | 17158604 |
| expression of a novel small antimicrobial protein from the seeds of motherwort (leonurus japonicus) confers disease resistance in tobacco. | medicinal plants are valuable resources of natural antimicrobial materials. a novel small protein with antimicrobial activities, designated ljamp1, was purified from the seeds of a medicinal herb, motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt). ljamp1 is a heat-stable protein with a molecular mass of 7.8 kda and a determined isoelectric point of 8.2. in vitro assays showed that ljamp1 inhibits the growth of an array of fungi and bacteria. the hyphal growth inhibition by ljamp1 was more evident against hy ... | 2007 | 17158620 |
| localization of the naturally occurring plasmid cole1 at the cell pole. | the naturally occurring plasmid cole1 was found to localize as a cluster in one or both of the cell poles of escherichia coli. in addition to the polar localization of cole1 in most cells, movement of the plasmid to the midcell position was observed in time-lapse studies. cole1 could be displaced from its polar location by the p15a replicon, pbad33, but not by plasmid rk2. the displacement of cole1 by pbad33 resulted in an almost random positioning of cole1 foci in the cell and also in a loss of ... | 2007 | 17158664 |
| localization of the naturally occurring plasmid cole1 at the cell pole. | the naturally occurring plasmid cole1 was found to localize as a cluster in one or both of the cell poles of escherichia coli. in addition to the polar localization of cole1 in most cells, movement of the plasmid to the midcell position was observed in time-lapse studies. cole1 could be displaced from its polar location by the p15a replicon, pbad33, but not by plasmid rk2. the displacement of cole1 by pbad33 resulted in an almost random positioning of cole1 foci in the cell and also in a loss of ... | 2007 | 17158664 |
| only one of five groel genes is required for viability and successful symbiosis in sinorhizobium meliloti. | many bacterial species contain multiple copies of the genes that encode the chaperone groel and its cochaperone, groes, including all of the fully sequenced root-nodulating bacteria that interact symbiotically with legumes to generate fixed nitrogen. in particular, in sinorhizobium meliloti there are four groesl operons and one groel gene. to uncover functional redundancies of these genes during growth and symbiosis, we attempted to construct strains containing all combinations of groel mutation ... | 2007 | 17158666 |
| only one of five groel genes is required for viability and successful symbiosis in sinorhizobium meliloti. | many bacterial species contain multiple copies of the genes that encode the chaperone groel and its cochaperone, groes, including all of the fully sequenced root-nodulating bacteria that interact symbiotically with legumes to generate fixed nitrogen. in particular, in sinorhizobium meliloti there are four groesl operons and one groel gene. to uncover functional redundancies of these genes during growth and symbiosis, we attempted to construct strains containing all combinations of groel mutation ... | 2007 | 17158666 |