| rufy4: immunity piggybacking on autophagy? | although autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism among species and cell types, few are the molecules involved with the autophagic process that display cell- or tissue- specific expression. we have unraveled the positive regulatory role on autophagy of rufy4 (run and fyve domain containing 4), which is expressed in subsets of immune cells, including dendritic cells (dcs). dcs orchestrate the eradication of pathogens by coordinating the action of the different cell types involved in microbe reco ... | 2016 | 26760128 |
| nasal vaccination stimulates cd8(+) t cells for potent protection against mucosal brucella melitensis challenge. | brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide. humans and animals acquire infection via their oropharynx and upper respiratory tract following oral or aerosol exposure. after mucosal infection, brucellosis develops into a systemic disease. mucosal vaccination could offer a viable alternative to conventional injection practices to deter disease. using a nasal vaccination approach, the δznua b. melitensis was found to confer potent protection against pulmonary brucella challenge, and ... | 2016 | 26752510 |
| diagnostic role of inflammatory markers in pediatric brucella arthritis. | as a multisystem infectious disease, there is an inflammation, which causes increase in acute phase reactants in brucellosis. the mean platelet volume (mpv), platelet distribution width (pdw), red cell distribution width (rdw), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (nlr) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (plr) have been identified as markers of inflammation. the present study aimed to evaluate diagnostic values of these biomarkers in brucella arthritis (ba). | 2016 | 26753565 |
| trade-offs of escherichia coli adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle in macrophages. | the bacterium escherichia coli exhibits remarkable genomic and phenotypic variation, with some pathogenic strains having evolved to survive and even replicate in the harsh intra-macrophage environment. the rate and effects of mutations that can cause pathoadaptation are key determinants of the pace at which e. coli can colonize such niches and become pathogenic. we used experimental evolution to determine the speed and evolutionary paths undertaken by a commensal strain of e. coli when adapting ... | 2016 | 26752723 |
| metabolic control of cell division in α-proteobacteria by a nad-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. | prior to initiate energy-consuming processes, such as dna replication or cell division, cells need to evaluate their metabolic status. we have recently identified and characterized a new connection between metabolism and cell division in the α-proteobacterium caulobacter crescentus. we showed that an nad-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhz) coordinates growth with cell division according to its enzymatic activity. here we report the conserved role of gdhz in controlling cell division in anot ... | 2016 | 27066186 |
| inflammation and functional iron deficiency regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production. | circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (fgf23) are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd), but the mechanisms are poorly understood. here we tested whether inflammation and iron deficiency regulate fgf23. in wild-type mice, acute inflammation induced by single injections of heat-killed brucella abortus or interleukin-1β (il-1β) decreased serum iron within 6 h, and was accompanied by significant increases in osseous fgf23 mrna expression and serum levels of c-terminal f ... | 2016 | 26535997 |
| evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a liposome containing brucella abortus s19 outer membrane protein in balb/c mice. | the use of liposome as an adjuvant and a vaccine carrier has been cited previously in the literature. it has also been shown to be effective in enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. balb/c mice immunized subcutaneously with outer membrane protein (omp) of brucella abortus s19 vaccine strain entrapped in a commercial cationic liposome (s19-omp-liposome) for vaccine delivery, showed enhanced protection (p<0.05) compared to groups of mice inoculated with s19 omp alone, s19 live b. abo ... | 2016 | 27656221 |
| proteome dynamics of the specialist oxalate degrader oxalobacter formigenes. | oxalobacter formigenes is a unique intestinal organism that relies on oxalate degradation to meet most of its energy and carbon needs. a lack of colonization is a risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. the release of the genome sequence of o. formigenes has provided an opportunity to increase our understanding of the biology of o. formigenes. this study used mass spectrometry based shotgun proteomics to examine changes in protein levels associated with the transition of growth fro ... | 2016 | 26924912 |
| genome-wide standing variation facilitates long-term response to bidirectional selection for antibody response in chickens. | long-term selection experiments provide a powerful approach to gain empirical insights into adaptation, allowing researchers to uncover the targets of selection and infer their contributions to the mode and tempo of adaptation. here we implement a pooled genome re-sequencing approach to investigate the consequences of 39 generations of bidirectional selection in white leghorn chickens on a humoral immune trait: antibody response to sheep red blood cells. | 2017 | 28100171 |
| heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide in the female reproductive system: an overlooked signalling pathway. | for a long time, carbon monoxide (co) was known for its toxic effect on organisms. but there are still many things left to discover on that molecule. co is formed directly in the body by the enzymatic activity of heme oxygenase (ho). co plays an important role in many physiological processes, such as cell protections (against various stress factors), and the regulation of metabolic processes. recent research proves that co also operates in the female reproductive system. at the centre of interes ... | 2017 | 28123837 |
| zoonoses in veterinary students: a systematic review of the literature. | veterinary students face diverse potential sources of zoonotic pathogens since the first years of their academic degree. such sources include different animal species and pathologic materials which are used at university facilities as well as commercial clinics, farms and other external facilities. | 2017 | 28052113 |
| erythroferrone contributes to hepcidin repression in a mouse model of malarial anemia. | malaria, a major global health challenge worldwide, is accompanied by a severe anemia secondary to hemolysis and increased erythrophagocytosis. iron is an essential functional component of erythrocyte hemoglobin and its availability is controlled by the liver-derived hormone hepcidin. we examined the regulation of hepcidin during malarial infection in mice using the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei k173. mice infected with plasmodium berghei k173 develop a severe anemia and die after 18 to 22 ... | 2017 | 27658439 |
| antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of boron on different bacteria. | boron (b) compounds are used in many fields ranging from medicine to industry. in this study, boric acid (ba) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (dot) were evaluated for their antibacterial effects and antibiofilm capacities on selected strains of clinical and type cultures that are of veterinary concern (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, aeromonas hydrophila atcc 19570, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, brucella melitensis rev1 and field isolates of vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas hydrophila, ... | 2016 | 26864941 |
| novel polymer anchored cr(iii) schiff base complexes: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial properties. | new polymer-bound schiff bases and cr(iii) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde, polymer-bound with 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-chlorophenol and 2-amino-4-methylphenol. the structure of polymeric-schiff bases and their cr(iii) complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, ir, uv-vis, tg-dta and (1)h-nmr. all these compounds have also been investigated for antibacterial activity by the well-diffusion method against staphylococcu ... | 2012 | 22622060 |
| the protoxin cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis improves the protection conferred by intranasal immunization with brucella abortus rb51 in a mouse model. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting many people and animals worldwide. preventing this infection requires improving vaccination strategies. the protoxin cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis is an adjuvant that, in addition to increasing the immunogenicity of different antigens, has shown to be protective in different models of parasitic infections. the objective of the present study was to test whether the intranasal co-administration of pcry1ac with the rb51 vaccine strain of brucella abort ... | 2015 | 25497237 |
| characterization of the general stress response in bartonella henselae. | bacteria utilize a general stress response system to combat stresses from their surrounding environments. in alpha-proteobacteria, the general stress response uses an alternate sigma factor as the main regulator and incorporates it with a two-component system into a unique regulatory circuit. this system has been described in several alpha-proteobacterial species, including the pathogens bartonella quintana and brucella abortus. most of the studies have focused on characterizing the phyr anti-an ... | 2016 | 26724735 |
| serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa. | blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ... | 2015 | 25380366 |
| occurrence of antibodies anti -toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in southern brazil. | a large number of brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. blood samples from 32 brazilian deer (blastocerus dichotomus, mazama nana and mazama americana) kept in captivity at bela vista biological sanctuary (foz do iguaçu, brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. deer serum samples were tested ... | 2015 | 26689185 |
| association of histophilus somni with spontaneous abortions in dairy cattle herds from brazil. | this study investigated the participation of infectious agents in spontaneous abortions and reproductive problems at eight dairy cattle herds from three geographical regions of brazil. fourteen aborted fetuses and the organ sections of one cow with history of repeated abortions were received for pathological evaluations and molecular diagnostics. pcr/rt-pcr assays targeted specific genes of abortifacient agents of cattle: bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), listeri ... | 2015 | 25480485 |
| abortion in cattle due to infection with staphylococcus lugdunensis. | an aborted fetus of 7 months gestation, the associated placenta, and a single blood sample from the dam were submitted for diagnostic investigation to the diagnostic laboratory of the lombardy and emilia-romagna experimental zooprophylactic institute in parma, italy. the serum was negative for neospora caninum, coxiella burnetii, chlamydophila abortus, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), brucella abortus, and brucella melitensis. fetal tissues and placental cotyledo ... | 2014 | 25292193 |
| evidence of bovine viral diarrhea, but absence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine brucellosis in the endangered huemul deer (hippocamelus bisulcus) in chilean patagonia. | we screened 18 endangered chilean huemul (hippocamelus bisulcus) for antibodies to infectious agents. we detected no antibody to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) or brucella abortus (ba); two huemul had antibody to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). cattle (n=35) had antibody to bvdv and bhv-1 but not ba. | 2013 | 23778636 |
| survey of nine abortifacient infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses from dairy farms in beijing, china, by pcr. | abortion in dairy cattle causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry. aborted fetuses and samples from the corresponding aborting dams from 12 dairy herds in beijing were tested for 9 abortifacient infectious pathogens by pcr between 2008 and 2010. from a total of 80 abortion cases collected during this period, infectious agents were detected in 45 (56.3%) cases, 22 (48.9%) of which represented co-infections with two or three infectious agents. the detected pathogens included infec ... | 2012 | 22366134 |
| pathogens in water deer (hydropotes inermis) in south korea, 2010-12. | water deer (hydropotes inermis) are among the most common wildlife to approach farmhouses and livestock barns in korea. we collected 305 water deer from gangwon (n=168), south chungcheong (n=89), and gyeongsang (n=48) provinces in 2010-12 and used pcr and serologic tests to screen the deer for pathogens. in 2010, tests for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), rotavirus, and brucella abortus were positive in 8% (5/60), 2% (1/60), and 59% (33/56) of the animals, respectively. in 2010, the water dee ... | 2014 | 24779466 |
| characterization of brucella abortus mutant strain δ22915, a potential vaccine candidate. | brucellosis, caused by brucella spp., is an important zoonosis worldwide. vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against brucella infection in livestock in developing countries and in wildlife in developed countries. however, current vaccine strains including s19 and rb51 are pathogenic to humans and pregnant animals, limiting their use. in this study, we constructed the brucella abortus (b. abortus) s2308 mutant strain δ22915, in which the putative lytic transglycosylase gene bab_r ... | 2017 | 28376905 |
| molecular prevalence of putative virulence-associated genes in brucella melitensis and brucella abortus isolates from human and livestock specimens in iran. | molecular prevalence of nine putative virulence factors in two more prevalent brucella species in iranian patients and livestock was investigated. during five years (2010-2015), 120 human and animal specimens were collected from three geographical areas of iran. all samples were cultured in blood culture media and subcultured into brucella agar medium. nine primer pairs were designed for detection of virb2, virb5, vcec, btpa, btpb, prpa, betb, bpe275 and bspb virulence factors using pcr and sequ ... | 2017 | 28284850 |
| an evaluation of serological tests in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in naturally infected cattle in kwazulu-natal province in south africa. | the diagnostic sensitivity (dse) of the rose bengal test (rbt), the complement fixation test (cft), the serum agglutination test (sat), the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) and the indirect elisa (ielisa) were determined in naturally infected cattle in kwazulu-natal province of south africa with known infectious status from culture (gold standard). natural brucellosis infection status of animals was determined by culturing and identification of brucella abortus biovar 1 fro ... | 2017 | 28281771 |
| brucella and osteoarticular cell activation: partners in crime. | osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of human active disease although its prevalence varies widely. the three most common forms of osteoarticular involvement are sacroiliitis, spondylitis, and peripheral arthritis. the molecular mechanisms implicated in bone damage have been recently elucidated. b. abortus induces bone damage through diverse mechanisms in which tnf-α and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (rankl)-the natural modulator of bone homeostasi ... | 2017 | 28265268 |
| serologic evidence of brucella infection in pinnipeds along the coast of hokkaido, the northernmost main island of japan. | brucella infection in hokkaido was serologically surveyed in four species of pinnipeds inhabiting cape erimo during 2008-2013 and the shiretoko peninsula in 1999, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using brucella abortus and b. canis as antigens. anti-brucella positive sera showed higher absorbance to b. abortus than b. canis in almost all samples. anti-b. abortus antibodies were detected in serum samples from 24% (n=55) of western pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina stejnegeri) in cape erimo ... | 2017 | 28262966 |
| u-omp19 from brucella abortus is a useful adjuvant for vaccine formulations against salmonella infection in mice. | most pathogens infect through mucosal surfaces, and parenteral immunization typically fails to induce effective immune responses at these sites. development of oral-administered vaccines capable of inducing mucosal as well as systemic immunity while bypassing the issues of antigen degradation and immune tolerance could be crucial for the control of enteropathogens. this study demonstrates that u-omp19, a bacterial protease inhibitor with immunostimulatory features, coadministered with salmonella ... | 2017 | 28261222 |
| neonatal brucellosis: a case report. | although brucellosis is not uncommon in saudi arabia, neonatal brucellosis has been infrequently reported. in this case of neonatal brucellosis, brucella abortus was isolated by blood culture from both the mother and the neonate. serology was positive only in the mother. | 2017 | 28248684 |
| transcriptional regulator gntr of brucella abortus regulates cytotoxicity, induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and affects expression of the type iv secretion system and quorum sensing system in macrophages. | the pathogenic mechanisms of brucella are still poorly understood. gntr is a transcriptional regulator and plays an important role in the intracellular survival of brucella. to investigate whether gntr is involved in the cytotoxicity of brucella abortus (b. abortus), we created a 2308δgntr mutant of b. abortus 2308 (s2308). lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) cytotoxicity assays using a murine macrophage cell line (raw 264.7) show that high-dose infection with the parental strain produces a high level o ... | 2017 | 28243986 |
| immunogenicity of a multi-epitope dna vaccine encoding epitopes from cu-zn superoxide dismutase and open reading frames of brucella abortus in mice. | brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease affecting several mammalian species that is transmitted to humans by direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their products. in cattle, brucellosis is almost invariably caused by brucella abortus. live, attenuated brucella vaccines are commonly used to prevent illness in cattle, but can cause abortions in pregnant animals. it is, therefore, desirable to design an effective and safer vaccine against brucella. we have used specific brucella a ... | 2017 | 28232837 |
| genome sequences of human and livestock isolates of brucella melitensis and brucella abortus from the country of georgia. | brucellosis, which is among the most widespread global zoonotic diseases, is endemic in the nation of georgia and causes substantial human morbidity and economic loss. here, we report whole-genome sequences of three brucella melitensis and seven brucella abortus isolates from cattle, sheep, and humans that represent genetic groups discovered in georgia. | 2017 | 28183751 |
| tlr7 and tlr3 sense brucella abortus rna to induce proinflammatory cytokine production but they are dispensable for host control of infection. | brucella abortus is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that causes brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease leading to undulant fever in humans and abortion in cattle. the immune response against this bacterium relies on the recognition of microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and dna; however, the immunostimulatory potential of b. abortus rna remains to be elucidated. here, we show that dendritic cells (dcs) produce signi ... | 2017 | 28167945 |
| the unexpected discovery of brucella abortus buck 19 vaccine in goats from ecuador underlines the importance of biosecurity measures. | very few, mostly old, and only preliminary serological studies of brucellosis in goats exist in ecuador. in order to assess the current epidemiological situation, we performed a cross-sectional serological study in the goat populations of carchi (n = 160 animals), pichincha (n = 224 animals), and loja provinces (n = 2024 animals). only two positive serological results (rb negative and sat-edta ≥400 iu/ml) were obtained in lactating goats from the same farm in quito (pichincha province). addition ... | 2017 | 28160160 |
| origins and global context of brucella abortus in italy. | brucellosis is a common and chronic disease of cattle and other bovids that often causes reproductive disorders. natural infection in cattle is caused by brucella abortus and transmission typically occurs during abortions, calving, or nursing. brucellosis is also a major zoonotic disease due to contamination of dairy products or contact with the tissues of infected animals. brucellosis has been eradicated from most of the developed world in the last 40 years but persists in many regions-the dise ... | 2017 | 28152976 |
| reproductive trade-offs in a long-lived bird species: condition-dependent reproductive allocation maintains female survival and offspring quality. | life history theory is an essential framework to understand the evolution of reproductive allocation. it predicts that individuals of long-lived species favour their own survival over current reproduction, leading individuals to refrain from reproducing under harsh conditions. here we test this prediction in a long-lived bird species, the siberian jay perisoreus infaustus. long-term data revealed that females rarely refrain from breeding, but lay smaller clutches in unfavourable years. neither o ... | 2017 | 28135017 |
| brucella abortus 2308δnodvδnodw double-mutant is highly attenuated and confers protection against wild-type challenge in balb/c mice. | brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, which causes animal and human disease. however, the current brucella abortus (b. abortus) vaccines (s19 and rb51) have several drawbacks, including residual virulence for animals and humans. moreover, s19 cannot allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. we constructed double deletion (δnodvδnodw) mutant from virulent b. abortus 2308 (s2308) by deleting the genes encoding two-component regulat ... | 2017 | 28131952 |
| structure-based mutational studies of o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase reveal the reason for the loss of cysteine synthase complex formation in brucella abortus. | cysteine biosynthesis takes place via a two-step pathway in bacteria, fungi, plants and protozoan parasites, but not in humans, and hence, the machinery of cysteine biosynthesis is an opportune target for therapeutics. the decameric cysteine synthase complex (csc) is formed when the c-terminal tail of serine acetyltransferase (sat) binds in the active site of o-acetylserine sulfydrylase (oass), playing a role in the regulation of this pathway. here, we show that oass from brucella abortus (baoas ... | 2017 | 28126739 |
| brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock in the greater yellowstone ecosystem: inferences from dna genotyping. | the wildlife of the greater yellowstone ecosystem carries brucellosis, which was first introduced to the area by cattle in the 19th century. brucellosis transmission between wildlife and livestock has been difficult to study due to challenges in culturing the causative agent, brucella abortus . we examined b. abortus transmission between american bison ( bison bison ), rocky mountain elk ( cervus elaphus nelsoni), and cattle ( bos taurus ) using variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers on dn ... | 2017 | 28118557 |
| three-dimensional structure of full-length ntrx, an unusual member of the ntrc family of response regulators. | bacteria sense and adapt to environmental changes using two-component systems. these signaling pathways are formed by a histidine kinase that phosphorylates a response regulator (rr), which finally modulates the transcription of target genes. the bacterium brucella abortus codes for a two-component system formed by the histidine kinase ntry and the rr ntrx that participates in sensing low oxygen tension and generating an adaptive response. ntrx is a modular protein with rec, aaa+, and dna-bindin ... | 2017 | 28088479 |
| seroepidemiology of human brucellosis among blood donors in southern ethiopia: calling attention to a neglected zoonotic disease. | human brucellosis is neglected in southern ethiopia. although traditional food processing practices and animal husbandry which increase the risk of brucellosis are common, it has not been properly studied yet. this study was conducted to determine the seroepidemiology of brucellosis among apparently healthy individuals in southern ethiopia. in the study, blood samples were collected to screen for serum agglutinins reactive to stained antigen of brucella abortus standard tube titration was perfor ... | 2017 | 28077743 |
| brucella abortus is prevalent in both humans and animals in bangladesh. | to determine the role of different brucella (b.) spp. in bangladesh, 62 animal samples and 500 human sera were tested. animal samples from cattle, goats and sheep (including milk, bull semen, vaginal swabs and placentas) were cultured for brucella spp. three test-positive human sera and all animal samples were screened by brucella genus-specific real-time pcr (rt-pcr), and positive samples were then tested by is711 rt-pcr to detect b. abortus and b. melitensis dna. only b. abortus dna was amplif ... | 2017 | 28068003 |
| nocodazole treatment interrupted brucella abortus invasion in raw 264.7 cells, and successfully attenuated splenic proliferation with enhanced inflammatory response in mice. | brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread zoonosis worldwide responsible for serious economic losses and considerable public health burden. in this study, we investigated the modulatory effect of a microtubule-inhibitor, nocodazole, on b. abortus infection in murine macrophages and in a mouse model. nocodazole activated macrophages and directly inhibited the growth of brucella in a dose-dependent manner. nocodazole increased adhesion but reduced invasion and intracellular growth of ... | 2017 | 28017899 |
| the host immune enhancing agent korean red ginseng oil successfully attenuates brucella abortus infection in a murine model. | panax ginseng meyer (araliaceae), is one of the most valuable traditional chinese medicines and is used for the treatment of various human diseases. in this study, we elucidated the protective mechanism of the essential oil from korean red ginseng (rgo) against brucella infection. | 2017 | 28012988 |
| intracellular trafficking modulation by ginsenoside rg3 inhibits brucella abortus uptake and intracellular survival within raw 264.7 cells. | ginsenoside rg3, a saponin extracted from ginseng, has various pharmacological and biological activities; however, its effects against brucella infection are still unclear. herein, the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside rg3 against intracellular parasitic brucella infection were evaluated through bacterial infection, adherence assays, and lamp-1 colocalization, as well as immunoblotting and facs for detecting mapk signaling proteins and f-actin polymerization, respectively. the internalization, i ... | 2017 | 27994212 |
| conserved abc transport system regulated by the general stress response pathways of alpha- and gammaproteobacteria. | brucella abortus σ(e1) is an ecfg family sigma factor that regulates the transcription of dozens of genes in response to diverse stress conditions and is required for maintenance of chronic infection in a mouse model. a putative atp-binding cassette transporter operon, bab1_0223-bab1_0226, is among the most highly activated gene sets in the σ(e1) regulon. the proteins encoded by the operon resemble quaternary ammonium-compatible solute importers but are most similar in sequence to the broadly co ... | 2017 | 27994018 |
| control of animal brucellosis: the malaysian experience. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease characterized by reproductive failure in animals and undulent fever in humans. in cattle, it is caused by brucella abortus while in goats by brucella melitensis, the main cause of brucellosis in humans. brucellosis in livestock has been associated with importation of animals from breeder herd of unknown disease status. the prevalence of bovine brucellosis brucella abortus in 2014 ranged between 1% and 2% in thailand and indonesia, and 4%-5% in malaysia and myanm ... | 2016 | 27955740 |
| comparison of potential protection conferred by three immunization strategies (protein/protein, dna/dna, and dna/protein) against brucella infection using omp2b in balb/c mice. | in the present study, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the brucella outer membrane protein 2b (omp2b) was evaluated in balb/c mice using protein/protein, dna/dna and dna/protein vaccine strategies. immunization of mice with three vaccine regimens elicited a strong specific igg response (higher igg2a titers over igg1 titers) and provided th1-oriented immune response. vaccination of balb/c mice with the dna/pro regimen induced higher levels of ifn-γ/il-2 and conferred more protection leve ... | 2016 | 27938682 |
| first evaluation of an influenza viral vector based brucella abortus vaccine in sheep and goats: assessment of safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against brucella melitensis infection. | previously we developed and evaluated a candidate influenza viral vector based brucella abortus vaccine (flu-ba) administered with a potent adjuvant montanide gel01 in cattle, which was found safe and highly effective. this study was aimed to establish a proof-of-concept of the efficacy of flu-ba vaccine formulation in sheep and goats. we vaccinated sheep and goats with flu-ba vaccine and as a positive control vaccinated a group of animals with a commercial b. melitensis rev.1 vaccine. clinicall ... | 2016 | 27938677 |
| trend of human brucellosis over a decade at tertiary care centre in north karnataka. | brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease. india having a major agrarian population is expected to have a higher prevalence. however, due to lack of laboratory facility or awareness among clinicians, the disease is largely underreported. the aim of this study was to know the prevalence and trend of human brucellosis over a decade, in patients attending a teaching hospital in north karnataka, and to understand their geographical distribution. | 2017 | 27934819 |
| active immunization with brucella abortus s19 phage lysate elicits serum igg that protects guinea pigs against virulent b. abortus and protects mice by passive immunization. | brucellosis is an economically important zoonosis of worldwide significance. earlier (jain et al., 2015) we reported methodology for generation of phage lysate preparations against brucella abortus s19 using brucellaphage 'ϕld'. in this study, using a fixed dose (two mouse pd100) of lysates, the prophylactic efficacies of both plain and alum gel adjuvanted lysates were evaluated in guinea pig by direct virulent challenge and passive mouse protection test (pmpt). strong humoral and cell mediated ... | 2017 | 27913028 |
| ctra controls cell division and outer membrane composition of the pathogen brucella abortus. | brucella abortus is a pathogen infecting cattle, able to survive, traffic, and proliferate inside host cells. it belongs to the alphaproteobacteria, a phylogenetic group comprising bacteria with free living, symbiotic, and pathogenic lifestyles. an essential regulator of cell cycle progression named ctra was described in the model bacterium caulobacter crescentus. this regulator is conserved in many alphaproteobacteria, but the evolution of its regulon remains elusive. here we identified promote ... | 2017 | 27893179 |
| combinatorial control of adhesion of brucella abortus 2308 to host cells by transcriptional rewiring of the trimeric autotransporter btae gene. | regulatory network plasticity is a key attribute underlying changes in bacterial gene expression and a source of phenotypic diversity to interact with the surrounding environment. here, we sought to study the transcriptional circuit of hutc, a regulator of both metabolic and virulence genes of the facultative intracellular pathogen brucella. using in silico and biochemical approaches, we identified a novel functional hutc-binding site upstream of btae, a trimeric-autotransporter adhesin involved ... | 2017 | 27862467 |
| risk assessment and management of brucellosis in the southern greater yellowstone area (ii): cost-benefit analysis of reducing elk brucellosis prevalence. | recent cases of bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus) in cattle (bos taurus) and domestic bison (bison bison) of the southern greater yellowstone area (sgya) have been traced back to free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus). several management activities have been implemented to reduce brucellosis seroprevalence in elk, including test-and-slaughter, low-density feeding at elk winter feedgrounds, and elk vaccination. it is unclear which of these activities are most cost-effective at reducing the risk of ... | 2016 | 27836044 |
| molecular epidemiology of brucella abortus isolated from cattle in brazil, 2009-2013. | the aims of the present study were to genotype brucella abortus strains isolated from cattle in brazil between 2009 and 2013, and to analyze their distribution to support the programa nacional de controle e erradicação de brucelose e tuberculose (pncebt) (national brucellosis and tuberculosis control and eradication program). one hundred forty b. abortus strains isolated from cattle in brazil between 2009 and 2013 were genotyped using a set of 18 variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) (mlva16+ ... | 2017 | 27816477 |
| inhibition of mhc-i by brucella abortus is an early event during infection and involves egfr pathway. | brucella abortus is able to persist inside the host despite the development of potent cd8(+) t-cell responses. we have recently reported the ability of b. abortus to inhibit the interferon-γ-induced major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-i cell surface expression on human monocytes. this phenomenon was due to the b. abortus-mediated retention of mhc-i molecules within the golgi apparatus and was dependent on bacterial viability. however, the implications of bacterial virulence or replicative cap ... | 2016 | 27811842 |
| nlrp12 negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokine production and host defense against brucella abortus. | brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis, which causes abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. this bacterium infects and proliferates mainly in macrophages and dendritic cells, where it is recognized by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) including nod-like receptors (nlrs). our group recently demonstrated the role of aim2 and nlrp3 in brucella recognition. here, we investigated the participation of nlrp12 in innate immune response to b. abortus. we show that n ... | 2017 | 27800616 |
| molecular typing of isolates obtained from aborted foetuses in brucella-free holstein dairy cattle herd after immunisation with brucella abortus rb51 vaccine in egypt. | bovine brucellosis is endemic in egypt in spite of application of surveillance and control measures. an increase of abortions was reported in a holstein dairy cattle herd with 600 animals in damietta governorate in egypt after immunisation with brucella (b.) abortus rb51 vaccine. twenty one (10.6%) of 197 vaccinated cows aborted after 3 months. all aborted cows had been tested seronegative for brucellosis in the past 3 years. b. abortus was isolated from four foetuses. conventional biochemical a ... | 2016 | 27664334 |
| large-scale study of herd-level risk factors for bovine brucellosis in brazil. | bovine brucellosis is an important zoonosis caused by brucella abortus that negatively impacts livestock productivity. in 2001, brazil launched a new national program aimed at eradicating animal brucellosis that included large-scale studies of the prevalence and risk factors to support strategic decision-making. these studies were implemented by the animal health authorities and were underpinned by the scientific coordination of the university of são paulo and the university of brasília. the sta ... | 2016 | 27664333 |
| brucella abortus s19 vaccine protects dairy cattle against natural infection with brucella melitensis. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can cause severe illness in humans and considerable economic loss in the livestock industry. although small ruminants are the preferential host for brucella melitensis, this pathogen has emerged as a cause for brucella outbreaks in cattle. s19 vaccination is implemented in many countries where b. abortus is endemic but its effectiveness against b. melitensis has not been validated. here we show that vaccine effectiveness in preventing disease transmission b ... | 2016 | 27771184 |
| brucella abortus down-regulates mhc class ii by the il-6-dependent inhibition of ciita through the downmodulation of ifn regulatory factor-1 (irf-1). | brucella abortus is an intracellular pathogen capable of surviving inside of macrophages. the success of b. abortus as a chronic pathogen relies on its ability to orchestrate different strategies to evade the adaptive cd4(+) t cell responses that it elicits. previously, we demonstrated that b. abortus inhibits the ifn-γ-induced surface expression of mhc class ii (mhc-ii) molecules on human monocytes, and this phenomenon correlated with a reduction in antigen presentation. however, the molecular ... | 2017 | 27765819 |
| a mixed methods study of ruminant brucellosis in central-eastern tunisia. | in this study, we conducted an investigation to determine the true prevalence of bovine and ovine brucellosis in central-eastern tunisia. a total of 1134 veterinary samples taken from 130 ruminant herds were screened for brucellosis using is711-based real-time pcr assay. sera collected from the ruminants were tested using the rose bengal test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. based on serological and molecular results, the true adjusted animal population level prevalence was 23.5 % ... | 2017 | 27696219 |
| seroprevalence of brucellosis in patients with prolonged fever in bangladesh. | this study describes the seroprevalence of human brucellosis among pyretic patients and detection of brucella abortus dna from seropositive pyretic patients using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) for the first time in bangladesh. | 2016 | 27694726 |
| serological, molecular detection and potential risk factors associated with camel brucellosis in pakistan. | brucellosis is one of the most important zoonoses in developing countries and was considered the most widespread zoonosis in the world. brucellosis was reported in camels and has been reported from all camel-keeping countries.the present study was performed in three districts (jhang, chiniot, and bhakkar) of punjab province of pakistan. a total of 200 camel (camelus bactrianus) sera were collected using random and multistage cluster sampling from different areas. fifty samples were collected fro ... | 2016 | 27677292 |
| vaccination with a δnord δznua brucella abortus mutant confers potent protection against virulent challenge. | there remains a need for an improved livestock vaccine for brucellosis since conventional vaccines are only ∼70% efficacious, making some vaccinated animals susceptible to brucella infections. to address this void, a vaccine capable of evoking protective immunity, while still being sufficiently attenuated to produce minimal disease, is sought. in this pursuit, the δnord δznua b. abortus-lacz (termed as znbaz) was developed to be devoid of functional nord and znua b. abortus genes, and to contain ... | 2016 | 27639282 |
| how bacterial pathogens use type iii and type iv secretion systems to facilitate their transmission. | work on type iii or type iv secretion systems (t3sss or t4sss) is often focused on elucidating how these sophisticated bacterial virulence factors manipulate host cell physiology to cause disease. but to fully understand their role in pathogen biology, it is important to consider whether the morbidity or mortality they trigger is somehow linked to enhancing communicability of the microbe. recent work on salmonella enterica and brucella abortus provide captivating examples of how manipulation of ... | 2016 | 27621139 |
| simultaneous subcutaneous and conjunctival administration of the influenza viral vector based brucella abortus vaccine to pregnant heifers provides better protection against b. abortus 544 infection than the commercial b. abortus s19 vaccine. | in this study, we explored possibility of increasing the protective efficacy of our novel influenza viral vector based b. abortus vaccine (flu-ba) in pregnant heifers by adapting an innovative method of vaccine delivery. we administered the vaccine concurrently via the conjunctival and subcutaneous routes to pregnant heifers, and these routes were previously tested individually. the flu-ba vaccination of pregnant heifers (n=9) against a challenge b. abortus 544 infection provided protection from ... | 2016 | 27595898 |
| brucella abortus δrpoe1 confers protective immunity against wild type challenge in a mouse model of brucellosis. | the brucella abortus general stress response (gsr) system regulates activity of the alternative sigma factor, σ(e1), which controls transcription of approximately 100 genes and is required for persistence in a balb/c mouse chronic infection model. we evaluated the host response to infection by a b. abortus strain lacking σ(e1) (δrpoe1), and identified pathological and immunological features that distinguish δrpoe1-infected mice from wild-type (wt), and that correspond with clearance of δrpoe1 fr ... | 2016 | 27591954 |
| brucella abortus surveillance of cattle in fiji, papua new guinea, vanuatu, the solomon islands and a case for active disease surveillance as a training tool. | there have been no surveys of the cattle population for brucellosis in the pacific island countries and territories (picts) for more than 15 years. this study used disease surveillance as a capacity building training tool and to examine some of the constraints that impede surveillance in picts. the study also developed and implemented a series of surveys for detecting antibodies to b. abortus in cattle in fiji, papua new guinea, vanuatu and the solomon islands contributing to oie requirements. t ... | 2016 | 27522595 |
| genotyping of brucella melitensis and brucella abortus strains currently circulating in xinjiang, china. | brucellosis is a well-known zoonotic disease that can cause severe economic and healthcare losses. xinjiang, one of the biggest livestock husbandry sectors in china, has gone through increasing incidence of brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants recently. in this paper, 50 b. melitensis strains and 9 b. abortus strains collected from across xinjiang area (from 2010 to 2015) were genotyped using multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) and multi-locus sequence typing ... | 2016 | 27521159 |
| apparent seroprevalence, isolation and identification of risk factors for brucellosis among dairy cattle in goa, india. | brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic infection affecting livestock and human beings. the disease has been reported worldwide except in few countries where it has been eradicated. the prevalence of brucellosis among cattle from 11 farms having a history of abortions was studied. a total of 481 samples comprising of blood, milk, vaginal swabs, vaginal discharges, placental tissues and fetal tissues were collected from 296 animals. clinical samples were processed for the isolation of brucell ... | 2016 | 27477501 |
| activation of bovine neutrophils by brucella spp. | brucellosis is a globally important zoonotic infectious disease caused by gram negative bacteria of the genus brucella. while many species of brucella exist, brucella melitensis, brucella abortus, and brucella suis are the most common pathogens of humans and livestock. the virulence of brucella is largely influenced by its ability to evade host factors, including phagocytic killing mechanisms, which are critical for the host response to infection. the aim of this study was to characterize the bo ... | 2016 | 27436438 |
| induced disruption of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin inhibits acute inflammatory hypoferraemia. | withdrawal of iron from serum (hypoferraemia) is a conserved innate immune antimicrobial strategy that can withhold this critical nutrient from invading pathogens, impairing their growth. hepcidin (hamp1) is the master regulator of iron and its expression is induced by inflammation. mice lacking hamp1 from birth rapidly accumulate iron and are susceptible to infection by blood-dwelling siderophilic bacteria such as vibrio vulnificus. in order to study the innate immune role of hepcidin against a ... | 2016 | 27423740 |
| the role of nlrp3 and aim2 in inflammasome activation during brucella abortus infection. | the innate immune system is essential for the detection and elimination of bacterial pathogens. upon inflammasome activation, caspase-1 cleaves pro-il-1β and pro-il-18 to their mature forms il-1β and il-18, respectively, and the cell undergoes inflammatory death termed pyroptosis. here, we reviewed recent findings demonstrating that brucella abortus ligands activate nlrp3 and aim2 inflammasomes which lead to control of infection. this protective effect is due to the inflammatory response caused ... | 2017 | 27405866 |
| influenza viral vector based brucella abortus vaccine: a novel vaccine candidate for veterinary practice. | | 2016 | 27356589 |
| isolation of brucella abortus from a dog and a cat confirms their biological role in re-emergence and dissemination of bovine brucellosis on dairy farms. | brucellosis is highly contagious bacterial zoonoses affecting a wide range of domesticated and wild animals. in this study, brucella (b.) abortus bv 1 was identified in uterine discharge of apparently healthy bitch and queen with open pyometra housed on a cattle farm. this study highlights the role of dogs and cats as symptomatic carriers and reservoirs for brucella. to the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of feline infection with b. abortus bv 1 globally. these pet ... | 2016 | 27307391 |
| the rab1 in host cells modulates brucella intracellular survival and binds to brucella dnak protein. | the intracellular pathogen brucella abortus (b. abortus) survives and replicates inside host cells within the brucella-containing vacuole, in which membrane contains a small gtpase rab1. here, we reported that rab1 mediates b. abortus intracellular growth. furthermore, b. abortus dnak was identified to interact with rab1 using gst pull-down and mass spectrometry analysis. this interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. through dnak-cyaa fusion protein translocati ... | 2016 | 27286866 |
| sero-epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis among slaughtered cattle in nigeria. | bovine brucellosis is endemic in nigeria; however, limited data exist on nationwide studies and risk factors associated with the disease. using a cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey, we determined the prevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis in slaughtered cattle in three geographical regions of nigeria. serum samples from randomly selected unvaccinated cattle slaughtered over a period of 3 years (between december 2010 and september 2013) from northern, southern and south-western n ... | 2016 | 27247065 |
| latent class regression models for simultaneously estimating test accuracy, true prevalence and risk factors for brucella abortus. | in 2003/2004 a field trial was conducted in northern ireland to assess the diagnostic accuracy of six serological tests for bovine brucellosis caused by brucella abortus. whereas between-test comparisons have been used to calculate test performances so far, the present study used a latent class approach to estimate diagnostic test accuracy parameters in the absence of a gold standard for these six tests simultaneously and to estimate the true prevalence, while accounting for clustering in the st ... | 2016 | 27245291 |
| omics of brucella: species-specific srna-mediated gene ontology regulatory networks identified by computational biology. | brucella is an intracellular bacterium that causes the zoonotic infectious disease, brucellosis. brucella species are currently intensively studied with a view to developing novel global health diagnostics and therapeutics. in this context, small rnas (srnas) are one of the emerging topical areas; they play significant roles in regulating gene expression and cellular processes in bacteria. in the present study, we forecast srnas in three brucella species that infect humans, namely brucella melit ... | 2016 | 27223678 |
| brucella abortus causing febrile neutropenia together with epididymoorchitis. | | 2016 | 27173647 |
| brucella abortus rb51 in milk of vaccinated adult cattle. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the shedding of brucella abortus in the milk of cows vaccinated with a full dose of rb51 during lactation. eighteen cows, nine previously vaccinated with s19 as calves and nine non-vaccinated, were immunized subcutaneously with 1.3×10(10)cfu of b. abortus rb51, 30-60days after parturition. milk samples from all animals were collected daily until day 7, and at weekly interval for the next 9 weeks after vaccination. to evaluate the shedding of b. abortus, milk ... | 2016 | 27143220 |
| structural and functional insights into the stationary-phase survival protein sure, an important virulence factor of brucella abortus. | the stationary-phase survival protein sure from brucella abortus (basure) is a metal-dependent phosphatase that is essential for the survival of this bacterium in the stationary phase of its life cycle. here, basure has been biochemically characterized and its crystal structure has been determined to a resolution of 1.9 å. basure was found to be a robust enzyme, showing activity over wide ranges of temperature and ph and with various phosphoester substrates. the active biomolecule is a tetramer ... | 2016 | 27139831 |
| a case of unusual septic knee arthritis with brucella abortus after arthroscopic meniscus surgery. | we present a 51-year-old male patient with brucella abortus septic arthritis in the right knee following arthroscopic meniscus surgery. he had eaten a traditional dish of raw minced cattle conceptus (bovine fetus) that was prepared after the cow was slaughtered. despite treatment with empirical antibiotics and debridement of the postoperative surgical wound, the infection persisted without improvement. polymerase chain reaction sequencing identified brucella abortus from tissue samples obtained ... | 2016 | 27130400 |
| pseudorabies virus and brucella abortus from an expanding wild pig ( sus scrofa ) population in southern oklahoma, usa. | wild pigs ( sus scrofa ) are causing increasing ecologic and economic damage at a global scale. because wild pigs can carry ≥65 diseases that affect livestock, their widespread expansion threatens native wildlife and livestock. we screened wild pigs from south-central oklahoma, us for antibodies against brucella abortus , pseudorabies virus (prv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrs). these pathogens were chosen because they are part of eradication programs in the us an ... | 2016 | 27124329 |
| brucella abortus-infected b cells induce osteoclastogenesis. | brucella abortus is an intracellular bacterium that establishes lifelong infections in livestock and humans although the mechanisms of its chronicity are poorly understood. activated b cells have long lifespan and b. abortus infection activates b cells. our results indicate that the direct infection of b cells with b. abortus induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9), receptor activator for nf κb ligand (rankl), tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α and interleukin (il)-6 secretion. in addition, supern ... | 2016 | 27109230 |
| a rapid cycleave pcr method for distinguishing the vaccine strain brucella abortus a19 in china. | brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by brucella spp. immunization with attenuated vaccines has proved to be an effective method of prevention; however, it may also interfere with diagnosis. brucella abortus strain a19, which is homologous to b. abortus strain s19, is widely used for the prevention of bovine brucellosis in china. for effective monitoring of the control of brucellosis, it is essential to distinguish a19 from field strains. single-nucleotide polymorphism-based assay ... | 2016 | 27075847 |
| effects of testosterone on erythropoiesis in a female mouse model of anemia of inflammation. | the anemia of inflammation is a common problem in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. we characterized a mouse model of anemia of chronic inflammation induced by repeated injections of low doses of heat-killed brucella abortus (hkba), and determined the effects of t administration on erythropoiesis in this model. female c57bl/6ncrl mice were injected weekly with hkba for 10 wk. weekly injections of t or vehicle oil were started 4 wk later. control mice were injected with saline and vehicle oil ... | 2016 | 27074351 |
| brucella abortus mutants lacking atp-binding cassette transporter proteins are highly attenuated in virulence and confer protective immunity against virulent b. abortus challenge in balb/c mice. | brucella abortus rb51 is an attenuated vaccine strain that has been most frequently used for bovine brucellosis. although it is known to provide good protection in cattle, it still has some drawbacks including resistance to rifampicin, residual virulence and pathogenicity in humans. thus, there has been a continuous interest on new safe and effective bovine vaccine candidates. in the present study, we have constructed unmarked mutants by deleting singly cydd and cydc genes, which encode atp-bind ... | 2016 | 27057678 |
| [features of mass-spectrometric protein profiles of strains of brucellosis causative agent during preparation of culture on various nutrient media]. | carry out comparative analysis using time-of-flight mass-spectrometry with matrix laser desorption/ionization (maldi-tof ms) of protein profiles of brucellosis causative agents (brucella melitensis rev-1 and brucella abortus 19ba), cultivated in various nutrient media: albimi agar, brucellagar and erythrit-agar. | 2016 | 27029113 |
| [yip1a, a novel host factor required for the intracellular replication of brucella abortus]. | | 2016 | 27025019 |
| genotyping of brucella melitensis strains from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) from the united arab emirates with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. | camel brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease in camel-rearing countries caused by brucella melitensis and brucella abortus. the aim of this study was the first genetic analysis of b. melitensis strains isolated from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). mlva 16 and its mlva 8 and mlva11 subsets were used to determine the genotypes of 15 b. melitensis isolates from dromedary camels (11 strains) and other host species (4 st ... | 2016 | 27016751 |
| an evaluation of elisa using recombinant brucella abortus bacterioferritin (bfr) for bovine brucellosis. | to date, detection of antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide portion is the backbone of most serodiagnostic methods for brucellosis screening. however this pose a risk for false positive reactions related to other pathogens especially that of yersinia enterocolitica o:9 which has the most prominent cross reactivity with brucella spp. in this study, cloning and expression of brucella abortus bacterioferritin (bfr) was accomplished by pcr amplification into an expression vector system, and puri ... | 2016 | 27012915 |
| evaluation of th1/th2-related immune response against recombinant proteins of brucella abortus infection in mice. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by brucella, a genus of gram-negative bacteria. cytokines have key roles in the activation of innate and acquired immunities. despite several research attempts to reveal the immune responses, the mechanism of brucella infection remains unclear. therefore, immune responses were analyzed in mice immunized with nine recombinant proteins. cytokine production profiles were analyzed in the raw 264.7 cells and naive splenocytes after stimulation with three recom ... | 2016 | 27012238 |
| glial cell-elicited activation of brain microvasculature in response to brucella abortus infection requires asc inflammasome-dependent il-1β production. | blood-brain barrier activation and/or dysfunction are a common feature of human neurobrucellosis, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are largely unknown. in this article, we describe an immune mechanism for inflammatory activation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec) in response to infection with brucella abortus infection of hbmec with b. abortus induced the secretion of il-6, il-8, and mcp-1, and the upregulation of cd54 (icam-1), consistent with a state of activation. ... | 2016 | 26983788 |
| a review of the basis of the immunological diagnosis of ruminant brucellosis. | bacteria of the genus brucella cause brucellosis, the most common bacterial zoonosis worldwide. the diagnosis of brucella abortus and brucella melitensis ruminant brucellosis is based on bacteriological and immunological tests, the latter being routinely used in control and eradication and surveillance programs. infections by smooth and rough brucella spp., the use of smooth and rough vaccines, and the false-positive serological reactions caused by yersinia enterocolitica o:9 and other cross-rea ... | 2016 | 26964721 |
| inflammatory response of tlr4 deficient spleen macrophages (crl 2471) to brucella abortus s19 and an isogenic δmgla deletion mutant. | brucellosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis caused by members of the genus brucella. one of them, brucella abortus, is the etiological agent of bovine brucellosis. with the attenuated strain b. abortus s19 a vaccine is available. however, both, virulence (safety) and the ability to induce a protective b and t cell response (efficacy) have to be tested in suitable assays before successful use in the field. for this purpose, several macrophage cell lines of various origins have been used while ... | 2016 | 26946956 |
| delta-pgm, a new live-attenuated vaccine against brucella suis. | brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world affecting many domestic and wild animals including bovines, goats, pigs and dogs. each species of the brucella genus has a particular tropism toward different mammals being the most relevant for human health brucella abortus, brucella melitensis and brucella suis that infect bovines, goats/camelids and swine respectively. although for b. abortus and b. melitensis there are vaccines available, there is no efficient vaccine to protect ... | 2016 | 26899373 |
| construction of ptm series plasmids for gene expression in brucella species. | brucellosis, the most common widespread zoonotic disease, is caused by brucella spp., which are facultative, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria. with the development of molecular biology techniques, more and more virulence-associated factors have been identified in brucella spp. a suitable plasmid system is an important tool to study virulence genes in brucella. in this study, we constructed three constitutive replication plasmids (ptm1-cm, ptm2-amp, and ptm3-km) using the replication origin ... | 2016 | 26851674 |