| contamination of the hospital environment with gastroenteric viruses: comparison of two pediatric wards over a winter season. | the aims of this study were to examine the extent of gastroenteric virus contamination in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency (ppi) ward and a general pediatric ward over a winter season and to determine whether changes to hospital infection control interventions would have an impact on environmental contamination levels within pediatric units. environmental swabs were collected weekly from 11 sites in both wards from 15 december 2005 to 3 march 2006 and examined for the presence of norovirus ( ... | 2008 | 18614656 |
| genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus isolated from children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in chiang mai, thailand. | norovirus (nv), sapovirus (sv), and human astrovirus (hastv) are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. this study investigated the prevalence of nv, sv, and hastv infections in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in chiang mai, thailand from may 2000 to march 2002. fecal specimens were tested for nv, sv, and hastv by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using degenerate specific primers. these viruses were characterized further ... | 2008 | 18712816 |
| molecular characterization of enteric viral agents from children in northern region of ghana. | viral gastrointestinal infections are among the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in non-industrialized countries. the objective of this study was the molecular characterization of rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and enteroviruses obtained from 367 children in the northern region of ghana. one hundred and forty-two rotavirus-positive stool samples were examined. the most frequent type identified was g1p[8] occurring in 80% of the cases. ... | 2008 | 18712819 |
| detection of human enteric viruses in japanese clams. | a total of 57 clam packages that were collected from supermarkets and fish markets from 11 different sites in western japan between 8 december 2005 and 6 september 2006 were examined for human enteric viruses (i.e., norovirus, aichi virus, rotavirus, adenovirus, hepatitis a virus, and astrovirus), using pcr and reverse transcription pcr. sixty-one percent of the packages were contaminated with one type of virus, 9% had two different types of viruses, 28% had three different types of viruses, and ... | 2008 | 18724766 |
| molecular cloning, expression and first antigenic characterization of human astrovirus vp26 structural protein and a c-terminal deleted form. | the open reading frame 2 (orf2) of human astrovirus (hastv) encodes the structural vp26 protein that seems to be the main antigenic viral protein. however, its functional role remains unclear. bioinformatic predictions revealed that vp29 and vp26 proteins could be involved in virus-cell interaction. in this study, we describe for the first time the cloning and expression in escherichia coli (e. coli) of a recombinant vp26 (rvp26) protein and a vp26 c-terminal truncated form (vp26 delta c), follo ... | 2010 | 18790534 |
| enteric viruses in pediatric diarrhea in saudi arabia. | between september 1st, 2002 and august 31st, 2003, a panel of 1,000 stool samples was collected from patients presenting with diarrhea in the three major urban centers of saudi arabia; riyadh, mecca, and jeddah. each sample was tested for rotavirus, and astrovirus by elisa, g and p type was determined for all rotaviruses. adenoviruses were sought by hexon-specific pcr and identified by rflp. a subset of 253 samples was also tested for norovirus by elisa. data were analyzed for seasonality of inf ... | 2008 | 18814232 |
| human astrovirus coat protein: a novel c1 inhibitor. | c1 is a multimolecular complex that initiates the classical pathway of complement. it is composed of the pattern recognition component c1q and the serine proteases c1r and c1s. activation of c1 elicits a series of potent effector mechanisms directed at limiting infection by invading pathogens as well as participating in other biological functions such as immune tolerance. while many molecules in addition to antibody have been demonstrated to activate c1, only a handful of c1 inhibitors have been ... | 2008 | 19025126 |
| [studies on simultaneous detection of four foodborneviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | to establish a method for simultaneous detection of norovirus (nv), rotavirus (rv), astrovirus (av) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2008 | 19040044 |
| evaluation of an adsorption-elution method for detection of astrovirus and norovirus in environmental waters. | human astroviruses (hastv) and noroviruses (nov) are shed frequently at high concentrations and persist for long periods in the environment, raising a significant health risk of water-related gastroenteritis. the aim of this study was to evaluate an adsorption-elution method with an ha (mixed cellulose esters) negatively charged membrane to determine the best recovery of hastv and nov from different environmental waters. as the presence of mgcl(2) affects viral adsorption onto the membrane, thre ... | 2009 | 19056426 |
| adenovirus, calicivirus and astrovirus detection in fecal samples of hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis from campo grande, ms, brazil. | we analyzed fecal samples from hospitalized children up to three years of age with acute gastroenteritis at campo grande, mato grosso do sul, brazil, from may 2000-january 2004. astrovirus and calicivirus were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and adenovirus was detected using the rotavirus and adenovirus combined immunoenzyme assay. astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were detected at rates of 3.1%, 3.6% and 7.6%, respectively. these results re-emphasize the need fo ... | 2008 | 19057829 |
| [rotavirus and other viruses causing acute childhood gastroenteritis]. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases, affecting children worldwide. viruses are recognized as a major cause of this disease, particularly in children. since the norwalk virus was identified as a cause of gastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated with diarrheal disease in humans has progressively increased. rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. human astroviruses, caliciviruses and enteric adenovirus are also impor ... | 2008 | 19100169 |
| viral etiology and incidence associated with acute gastroenteritis in a 5-year survey in gyeonggi province, south korea. | acute gastroenteritis caused by viruses is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity. | 2009 | 19131274 |
| molecular detection of human astrovirus in an urban sewage treatment plant in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and dissemination of human astroviruses (hastv) in the environment by analyzing urban sewage samples from a wastewater treatment plant in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. a one-year study was performed with a total of 48 raw and treated sewage composite samples, which were collected biweekly from an activated sludge plant. virus particles were concentrated by the adsorption-elution method using negatively charged membranes associated ... | 2008 | 19148423 |
| characterization of an outbreak of astroviral diarrhea in a group of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | a mamastrovirus was identified in an outbreak of diarrhea in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). five young adult and two adult cheetahs presented with lethargy, anorexia, watery diarrhea and regurgitation over an 11-day period. fecal samples were submitted for electron microscopy and culture. electron microscopy results revealed particles morphologically consistent with an astrovirus, and no other viral pathogens or significant bacterial pathogens were identified. the astrovirus was confirmed and sequ ... | 2009 | 19171442 |
| human astrovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis in shanghai. | | 2009 | 19179108 |
| predominance and circulation of enteric viruses in the region of greater cairo, egypt. | the circulation of enteric viruses among the population of cairo, egypt, between march 2006 and february 2007 was studied. at least one virus was detected in 50% of fecal samples, 57.4% of which were positive for rotavirus, 26% for norovirus, 10.4% for adenovirus, and 1.7% for astrovirus. over 10% of infections were mixed infections. rotavirus typing showed that g1p[8] and g2p[4] were predominant but that the unusual g12p[4] and g12p[6] reassortants were also present. among the noroviruses, half ... | 2009 | 19193841 |
| [molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurring in argentina during 2005 and 2006]. | in order to determine the incidence of calicivirus, rotavirus and astrovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis occurring in different regions of argentina during 2005 and 2006, fecal samples from seven nonbacterial outbreaks were analyzed. a commercial elisa was used for rotavirus detection, while rt-pcrs were used for calicivirus and astrovirus. of the 74 samples analyzed, 20 were calicivirus positive, 17 were rotavirus positive and one was astrovirus positive. no mixed infections were detected. ... | 2008 | 19213245 |
| detection of newly described astrovirus mlb1 in stool samples from children. | the prevalence of the recently identified astrovirus mlb1 in a cohort of children with diarrhea in st. louis, missouri, usa, was defined by reverse transcription-pcr. of 254 stool specimens collected in 2008, 4 were positive for astrovirus mlb1. these results show that astrovirus mlb1 is circulating in north america. | 2009 | 19239759 |
| structural and biochemical analysis of human pathogenic astrovirus serine protease at 2.0 a resolution. | astroviruses are single-stranded rna viruses with a replication strategy based on the proteolytic processing of a polyprotein precursor and subsequent release of the viral enzymes of replication. so far, the catalytic properties of the astrovirus protease as well as its structure have remained uncharacterized. in this study, the three-dimensional crystal structure of the predicted protease of human pathogenic astrovirus has been solved to 2.0 a resolution. the protein displays the typical proper ... | 2009 | 19249313 |
| detection of diverse astroviruses from bats in china. | astroviruses infect humans and many different animal species and are associated with gastroenteritis. recent studies first detected the virus from bat species in hong kong. to understand astrovirus distribution in the wider region further, we examined the prevalence of this virus family in bat specimens collected from a large geographical region of mainland china. we collected 500 anal swabs from 20 bat species in 51 natural habitats from 11 provinces of china and tested these for astroviruses. ... | 2009 | 19264622 |
| acute viral gastroenteritis among hospitalized children between 2003 and 2005 in baranya county, hungary. | | 2009 | 19268630 |
| [astrovirus rna detection using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | the taqman-based real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay we developed is sensitive and detects seven (1-7) human astrovirus (hastv) serotypes. we chose conserved regions at the 5' end of the open reading frame2 (orf2) was chosen at the assay targets for designing new primers and the taqman mgb probe that detects all hastv serotypes. real-time rt-pcr reactivity was confirmed with hastv serotype 1 through 7 control plasmids and efficiency ranged from 3 ... | 2009 | 19364039 |
| genetic characterization of a new astrovirus detected in dogs suffering from diarrhoea. | astroviruses have been described in several animals species frequently associated with diarrhoea, especially in young animals. in dogs, astrovirus-like particles have been observed sporadically and very little is known about their epidemiology and characteristics. in this paper, we describe the detection of astrovirus-like particles in symptomatic puppies. furthermore, for the first time in this species, the presumptive identification made by electron microscopy was confirmed by genetic analysis ... | 2009 | 19477085 |
| prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in spain. | the importance of norovirus as a cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks is well documented, but the role of norovirus in sporadic acute severe gastroenteritis is not so well established. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children. | 2009 | 19561424 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatography strip test for detection of astrovirus in stool specimens. | | 2010 | 19578128 |
| viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in greece. | a 6-year study of stool samples from 4604 children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis was conducted to investigate the role of enteric viruses as a cause of gastroenteritis in north-west greece. rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses and astroviruses were detected in 21.35%, 4%, 3.5% and 2.35%, respectively, by enzyme immunoassays and molecular techniques. molecular techniques enhanced overall diagnostic efficacy by 2.5%, and by c. 10% each for rotavirus and adenovirus. rotavirus was the lea ... | 2009 | 19604279 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus and astrovirus infections in children in northwestern nigeria. | recent estimates attribute 527,000 deaths in children less than five years of age to rotavirus diarrhea annually, with 145,000 occurring in sub-saharan africa. human astroviruses have been identified as one of the most frequent causes of infantile diarrhea, second in incidence only to rotavirus. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and astrovirus and also to establish the circulating strains of rotavirus in a community in nigeria where most diarrheic patients do not ... | 2008 | 19623918 |
| multiple novel astrovirus species in human stool. | diarrhoea remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries where numerous cases remain without identified aetiology. astroviruses are a recently identified cause of animal gastroenteritis which currently includes two species suspected of causing human diarrhoea. using pan-astrovirus rt-pcr, we analysed human stool samples from different continents for astrovirus-related rna sequences. we identified variants of the two known human astrovirus species plus, based on ge ... | 2009 | 19692544 |
| identification of a novel astrovirus (astrovirus va1) associated with an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. | the etiology of a large proportion of gastrointestinal illness is unknown. in this study, random sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing approaches were used to analyze fecal specimens from a gastroenteritis outbreak of unknown etiology in a child care center. multiple sequences with limited identity to known astroviruses were identified. assembly of the sequences and subsequent reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends generated a complete genome of 6,586 nucleotides. ... | 2009 | 19706703 |
| the circulation of human astrovirus genotypes in the central west region of brazil. | out of 1,588 faecal samples of children taken from three locations of the central west region of brazil, 57 were positive for astroviruses (hastvs) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). they were genotyped by nested rt-pcr and/or genomic sequencing. hastv-1 (42.8%), hastv-2 (23.2%), hastv-3 (3.6%), hastv-4 (14.3%) and hastvs -5, -6, -7 and -8 (1.8% each) were detected. in goiânia and campo grande, hastv-1 was the most frequently detected genotype while in brasília (df) ... | 2009 | 19722093 |
| characterization of phylogenetically diverse astroviruses of marine mammals. | astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive-stranded rna viruses. previously studied mammalian astroviruses have been associated with diarrhoeal disease. knowledge of astrovirus diversity is very limited, with only six officially recognized astrovirus species from mammalian hosts and, in addition, one human and some bat astroviruses were recently described. we used consensus pcr techniques for initial identification of five astroviruses of marine mammals: three from california sea lions (zal ... | 2010 | 19759240 |
| molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40/41 strains related to acute diarrhea in tunisian children. | human astrovirus (astv) and adenovirus types 40 and 41 (adv 40/41) are responsible for epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. the present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in children in tunisia. a total of 788 fecal samples were collected during a 4-year period in the region of monastir, from children under 12 years old, hospitalized or presenting in dispensaries with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. astv and adv ... | 2009 | 19774695 |
| human stool contains a previously unrecognized diversity of novel astroviruses. | human astroviruses are a leading cause of gastrointestinal disease. since their discovery in 1975, 8 closely related serotypes have been described in humans, and more recently, two new astrovirus species, astrovirus mlb1 and astrovirus va1, were identified in diarrhea patients. in this study, we used consensus astrovirus primers targeting the rna polymerase to define the diversity of astroviruses present in pediatric patients with diarrhea on two continents. from 416 stool specimens comprising t ... | 2009 | 19814825 |
| human astrovirus coat protein binds c1q and mbl and inhibits the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation. | human astroviruses (hastvs) constitute a family of non-enveloped, rna viruses which cause infantile gastroenteritis. we have previously demonstrated that purified hastv coat protein (cp), multiple copies of which compose the viral capsid, bind c1q resulting in inhibition of classical complement pathway activity. the objective of this study was to further analyze the mechanism by which cp inhibits c1 activation. cp inhibited c1 activation, preventing cleavage of c1s to its active form in the pres ... | 2010 | 19896716 |
| detection of oxidative damages on viral capsid protein for evaluating structural integrity and infectivity of human norovirus. | the infectivity evaluation of noncultivatable viruses, such as human norovirus, is crucial to address needs for ensuring the safety in usage of water and marine products. in this work, we tested a new approach to evaluate viral particle integrity, in which oxidatively produced carbonyl groups on viral capsid protein were quantitatively detected. as a result, the decrease in the infectivity of human astrovirus, a representative enteric virus, positively correlated with the amount of oxidative dam ... | 2010 | 20000802 |
| molecular characterization of astrovirus infection in children with diarrhea in beijing, 2005-2007. | human astroviruses (hastvs) have been recognized as one of the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. to provide more insight into the prevalence of hastv gastroenteritis in china, 664 fecal samples were collected from children affected with acute gastroenteritis in beijing from march 2005 to november 2007. the samples were analyzed genetically. all eight serotypes (genotypes) of hastvs were screened using rt-pcr assays targeting the orf2 region in the study. the assays detected hast ... | 2010 | 20087940 |
| astrovirus associated acute gastroenteritis in western india: predominance of dual serotype strains. | a five-year (2004-2008) study was conducted on patients with acute gastroenteritis from different cities of maharashtra, western india to detect and characterize astrovirus infections. a total of 1340 fecal specimens were collected from sporadic cases that included 1240 children (<or=8 years) and 100 adults (18-70 years) from pune, aurangabad and nagpur cities. all specimens were subjected to astrovirus specific rt-pcr followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. the overall positivity to a ... | 2010 | 20117249 |
| complete genome sequence of human astrovirus genotype 6. | human astroviruses (hastvs) are one of the important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. currently, eight hastv genotypes have been identified and all but two (hastv-6 and hastv-7) have been fully sequenced. we here sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a hastv-6 strain (192-bj07), which was identified in beijing, china. | 2010 | 20137100 |
| surveillance of human astrovirus circulation in italy 2002-2005: emergence of lineage 2c strains. | by screening faecal samples collected over four consecutive years (2002-2005) from hospitalized children with diarrhoea in palermo, italy, astroviruses (hastvs) were detected in 3.95% of the patients. the predominant type circulating was hastv-1 but, in 2002, only hastv-2 and -4 were identified. interestingly, the hastvs-2 detected appeared to be consistently different in 5′ end of their open reading frame 2 from the previously described subtypes. these novel type 2 strains were included in a ne ... | 2011 | 20219080 |
| the detection of enteric viruses in selected urban and rural river water and sewage in kenya, with special reference to rotaviruses. | to determine the occurrence of eight human enteric viruses in surface water and sewage samples from different geographical areas in kenya. | 2010 | 20337763 |
| role of individual caspases induced by astrovirus on the processing of its structural protein and its release from the cell through a non-lytic mechanism. | caspases (casp) activity has been associated with the intracellular proteolytic processing of the structural protein to yield the mature capsid formed by vp70 and with the cell release of human astrovirus (hastv). this work describes the role of individual casp on these events. the activity of initiator (-8, -9) and executioner (-3/7) casp was clearly detected at 12h post-infection. all these proteases were able to cleave vp90 in an in vitro assay, but this processing was blocked in cells transf ... | 2010 | 20347468 |
| development of real-time and nested rt-pcr to detect astrovirus and one-year survey of astrovirus in jiangmen city, china. | human astroviruses (hastvs) are one of the major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (age) in all age groups, especially in young children. in this study, new one-step real-time rt-pcr and nested rt-pcr assays were developed to detect hastvs. hastvs were identified in 46 (8.75%) of 526 stool samples in jiangmen city over 1 year, including 43 (9.15%) of 470 children and 3 (5.4%) of 56 adults, and hastv-1 was the most predominant strain. this finding suggests that hastvs infections are common in ... | 2010 | 20376681 |
| genetic characterization of norovirus gii.4 2006b variants from jeju island, south korea. | ninety-seven fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between 2007 and 2008 that were found to be negative for group a rotavirus in prescreening by elisa with vp6-specific antibody were re-screened for viruses by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. forty (41.2%) samples were found to be positive for virus by rt-pcr; of these, norovirus (32.5%, n = 13) and rotavirus (32.5%, n = 13) were the most common, followed by astrovirus (5.0%, n = 2) and enterovirus (2.5%, n = 1). co-i ... | 2010 | 20419823 |
| noroviruses as cause of gastroenteritis in elderly patients. | background and aims. gastroenteritis is one of the infections that are particularly important to the elderly people. the knowledge of the main pathogens causing gastroenteritis in this group of patients, whose number will be dramatically increased in coming decades, is essential. the contribution of group a rotavirus, adenovirus type 41 and 42, norovirus and astrovirus as cause of gastroenteritis among patients of all ages, especially those with more than 65 years old over an extended time perio ... | 2010 | 20460955 |
| molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of human astrovirus in south korea from 2002 to 2007. | the present study was conducted to survey the prevalence and genotypic distribution of human astrovirus (hastv) circulating in south korea. of 160,027 patients with acute gastroenteritis, 2,057 (1.3%) were positive for hastv antigen. we determined the genotypes of 187 hastv strains collected from laboratories across the country. genetic analysis revealed genotype 1 to be the most prevalent, accounting for 72.19% of the strains, followed by genotypes 8 (9.63%), 6 (6.95%), 4 (6.42%), 2 (3.21%) and ... | 2011 | 20491833 |
| astrovirus encephalitis in boy with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. | encephalitis is a major cause of death worldwide. although >100 pathogens have been identified as causative agents, the pathogen is not determined for up to 75% of cases. this diagnostic failure impedes effective treatment and underscores the need for better tools and new approaches for detecting novel pathogens or determining new manifestations of known pathogens. although astroviruses are commonly associated with gastroenteritis, they have not been associated with central nervous system diseas ... | 2010 | 20507741 |
| detection of replicating negative-sense rnas in caco-2 cells infected with human astrovirus. | human astrovirus (hastv) is the second most important cause of viral diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis in infants under five. however, determination of the infectivity of clinical isolates is difficult, and the replication cycle of hastv is not yet fully understood. in this study, it was attempted to detect negative-sense (-)rnas generated during the replication of rna viruses. we used clinical isolates of hastv to infect caco-2 cells. reverse transcription using only a sense primer followed by ... | 2010 | 20544235 |
| gastroenteric virus detection in fecal samples from women in goiânia, state of goiás, brazil. | this was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of hospital das clínicas, federal university of goiás, in goiânia, state of goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for hiv and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. | 2010 | 20563488 |
| clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infection in preterm and term neonates. | the clinical presentation of the viral enteric pathogens in newborn infants has not been adequately examined. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of viral intestinal infections in newborn infants. clinical data of all term and preterm infants admitted to our tertiary neonatal intensive care unit from 1998 to 2007 with clinical signs of gastroenteritis (ge) or necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) were retrospectively reviewed and compared between infants with different v ... | 2010 | 20563830 |
| human astrovirus infection in a patient with new-onset celiac disease. | many diseases with unknown etiology may be caused by unidentified viruses. sequence-independent amplification revealed a new astrovirus, similar to va1, in a 4-year-old male diagnosed with celiac disease. this expands the geographic range of this virus to include europe and may associate astrovirus infection with the onset of celiac disease. | 2010 | 20573860 |
| genomic analysis of two orf2 segments of new porcine astrovirus isolates and their close relationship with human astroviruses. | porcine astrovirus (pastv) has been poorly studied and has been associated mainly with gastroenteritis. computational analysis has revealed the close relationship of pastv with astroviruses of humans (hastv) and cats (fastv). in this study, 105 and 171 stool specimens were collected from piglets and children under 5 years of age, respectively, in different colombian regions during a 1-year period. the stool samples were examined for astroviruses by elisa and rt-pcr; 23.8% and 4% were found to be ... | 2010 | 20651856 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of sapovirus and astrovirus in japan, 2008-2009. | | 2010 | 20657077 |
| identification and characterization of deer astroviruses. | the threat of emerging infectious viruses in humans requires a more effective approach regarding virus surveillance. a thorough understanding of virus diversity in wildlife provides epidemiological baseline information about pathogens and may lead to the identification of newly emerging pathogens in the future. in this study, diarrhoea samples from an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a danish population of european roe deer were gathered for which no aetiological agent could be identified ... | 2010 | 20668117 |
| potent inhibition of the classical pathway of complement by a novel c1q-binding peptide derived from the human astrovirus coat protein. | previous work from our laboratories has demonstrated that purified, recombinant human astrovirus coat protein (hastv cp) binds c1q and mannose-binding lectin (mbl) inhibiting activation of the classical and lectin pathways of complement, respectively. analysis of the 787 amino acid cp molecule revealed that residues 79-139 share limited sequence homology with human neutrophil defensin-1 (hnp-1), a molecule previously demonstrated to bind c1q and mbl, inhibiting activation of the classical and le ... | 2010 | 20728940 |
| outbreak of neonatal gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus serotype 1 at a hospital in inner mongolia, china. | this report describes for the first time an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among neonates associated with human astrovirus (hastv) serotype 1b at a maternity hospital in inner mongolia, china. of 40 specimens, 28 were astrovirus positive and rotavirus, calicivirus, and adenovirus negative. poor hygiene likely contributed to the spread and persistence of hastv in the neonatal care room. | 2010 | 20810774 |
| diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis by simultaneous detection of adenovirus group f, astrovirus, rotavirus group a, norovirus genogroups i and ii, and sapovirus in two internally controlled multiplex real-time pcr assays. | norovirus, rotavirus group a, astrovirus, sapovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41, are common causes of gastroenteritis. conventional diagnosis of these causative agents is based on antigen detection and electron microscopy. | 2010 | 20829103 |
| molecular characterization of partial-open reading frames 1a and 2 of the human astroviruses in south korea. | human astroviruses (hastvs) are among the major causes of gastroenteritis in south korea. in this study, the partial regions of the open reading frame (orf) 1a and orf2 genes of hastvs from gastroenteritis patients in nine hospitals were sequenced, and the molecular characterization of the viruses was revealed. 89 partial nucleotide sequences of orf1a and 88 partial nucleotide sequences of orf2 were amplified from 120 stool specimens. phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the nucleotide sequ ... | 2010 | 20831802 |
| detection of a novel astrovirus in brain tissue of mink suffering from shaking mink syndrome by use of viral metagenomics. | in 2000, farmed mink kits in denmark were affected by a neurological disorder. the characteristic clinical signs included shaking, staggering gait, and ataxia. the disease, given the name shaking mink syndrome, was reproduced by the inoculation of brain homogenate from affected mink kits into healthy ones. however, the etiology remained unknown despite intensive efforts. in this study, random amplification and large-scale sequencing were used, and an astrovirus was detected in the brain tissue o ... | 2010 | 20926705 |
| identification of a novel astrovirus in a domestic pig in hungary. | the family astroviridae consists of two genera, avastrovirus and mamastrovirus, whose members are associated with gastroenteritis in avian and mammalian hosts, respectively. we serendipitously identified a novel porcine astrovirus in a fecal specimen from a domestic pig (sus scrofa domestica) in hungary. sequencing of a fragment indicated that it was an orf1b/orf2/3'utr sequence, and it has been submitted to the database as porcine astrovirus type 2 (pastv-2/hungary/2007) with accession number g ... | 2010 | 20931250 |
| molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus infections in saudi arabia pediatric patients. | earlier work tayeb et al. [tayeb et al. (2008): j med virol 80: 1919-1929] set out to study the epidemiology of diarrhea viruses in pediatric populations. the study addressed initially rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and astrovirus but was later expanded to include norovirus (nov). viruses were sought in fecal specimens and characterized for genotype using molecular methods (pcr, rt-pcr, and rflp) for the first time in ksa. the survey focused on three locations; jeddah, makkah, and riyadh. during ... | 2010 | 20981791 |
| [investigation of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus frequencies in children with acute gastroenteritis and evaluation of epidemiological features]. | viral agents are the most common causes of childhood gastroenteritis over the world. rotaviruses, the main causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in infant and young children, are followed by other viruses, namely adenoviruses, astroviruses, noroviruses and caliciviruses. the aims of this study were to determine the frequencies of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in our region, and to evaluate these frequencies according to age, gender and ... | 2010 | 21063969 |
| evidence of a recombinant wild-type human astrovirus strain from a kenyan child with gastroenteritis. | a human astrovirus (hastv) strain from kenya was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. sequences from open reading frame 1a (orf1a) clustered with genotype 6/7, those from orf1b clustered with genotype 3, and those from orf2 clustered with genotype 2. a recombination point in the orf1b-orf2 junction was identified, with a second possible recombination point within the orf1a region. | 2010 | 21106800 |
| multiple novel and prevalent astroviruses in pigs. | knowledge of porcine astrovirus diversity and epidemiology remains limited. we used a broad range pcr approach to investigate the presence and diversity of astroviruses in healthy pigs of different ages on 20 farms and in 3 slaughterhouses situated in the province of quebec, canada between 2005 and 2007. our study unexpectedly revealed remarkable levels of genetic diversity and high prevalence of astroviruses in pigs of this province. astroviruses were detected on every farm investigated and in ... | 2010 | 21159453 |
| viral gastroenteritis in adults. | viral gastroenteritis presents a major public health concern worldwide. it is mostly a disease of young children. however, acquired immunity may wane and symptomatic infection can also occur in adults. furthermore, asymptomatic adults may promote the spread of infections by shedding virus in their stools. this review covers the four most common causes of adult viral gastroenteritis, calicivirirdae (predominantly noroviruses), astroviruses, enteric adenoviruses and rotaviruses focussing on their ... | 2011 | 21210762 |
| re-discovery and genomic characterization of bovine astroviruses. | the genus mamastrovirus belongs to the family astroviridae and consists of at least 6 members infecting different mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle and pigs. in recent years, novel astroviruses have been identified in other mammalian species like roe deer, bats and sea lions. while the bovine astrovirus was one of the earliest astroviruses to have been studied, no further research has been performed recently and its genome sequence remains uncharacterized. in this report, we describe the ... | 2011 | 21508185 |
| detection of norovirus, sapovirus, and human astrovirus in fecal specimens using a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr with fluorescent dye-labeled primers. | we applied a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr with fluorescent dye-labeled primers (fluorescent multiplex rt-pcr) for noroviruses (nov), sapovirus (sav), and human astrovirus (hastv) to diagnose 71 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis during july 2007 and may 2010 in hiroshima prefecture. in this assay, the green, red, yellow, and blue fluorescence for nov genogroup i, nov genogroup ii, sav, and hastv, respectively, were indicated on an agarose gel under ultraviolet light. in 61 virus-positive ... | 2011 | 21517947 |
| isolation and characterization of canine astrovirus in china. | in this study, we first investigated the prevalence of astrovirus in stools of dogs with and without diarrhea in shanghai, china. of all the specimens, 22 (12.02%) from the 183 dogs with diarrhea and none (0%) from the 138 healthy controls were positive for astrovirus. furthermore, we cloned partial sequences of orf1b (442 bp) and the entire sequences of orf2 (2475 bp). phylogenetic analysis showed that the new isolates were belonged to genus mamastrovirus and most closely clustered with the ita ... | 2011 | 21604183 |
| [molecular and epidemiological study on viral diarrhea among infants in lanzhou]. | to study the epidemiologic characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in lanzhou, understand the four major virus in children of distribution. | 2011 | 21789851 |
| serological studies confirm the novel astrovirus hmoastv-c as a highly prevalent human infectious agent. | molecular identification of a microbe is the first step in determining its prevalence of infection and pathogenic potential. detection of specific adaptive immune responses can provide insights into whether a microbe is a human infectious agent and its epidemiology. here we characterized human anti-igg antibody responses by luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (lips) against two protein fragments derived from the capsid protein of the novel hmoastv-c astrovirus. while antibodies to the n-termi ... | 2011 | 21829634 |
| molecular characterization of a porcine astrovirus strain in china. | pigs are increasingly recognized to harbor a wide range of viruses that apparently establish long-term persistence in these animals. they serve as reservoirs for a number of human zoonotic diseases. in this study, a porcine astrovirus (pastv) strain, designated as pastv jwh-1, is identified from a diarrheal pig in china, and it is partially characterized genetically. sequence analysis shows that the pastv jwh-1 strain contains divergent nucleotide sequences in both the open reading frame (orf)1b ... | 2011 | 21688105 |
| detection and genetic characterization of a novel pig astrovirus: relationship to other astroviruses. | emerging viruses represent a continuous threat to human health and to farmed animals, as evidenced on multiple occasions by outbreaks of influenza, henipavirus and sars. knowledge about the diversity of viromes present in reservoir species can lead to a better understanding of the origin of emerging pathogens. in this study, we extend the knowledge of astrovirus diversity in pigs by reporting the genetic characterization of an unknown astrovirus lineage. phylogenetic analyses provided evidence t ... | 2011 | 21935627 |
| Astroviruses in rabbits. | By screening rabbits with enterocolitis or enteritis complex and asymptomatic rabbits, we identified a novel astrovirus. The virus was distantly related (19.3%-23.7% aa identity) in the capsid precursor to other mammalian astroviruses within the Mamastrovirus genus. By using real-time reverse transcription PCR, with specific primers and probes and targeting a conserved stretch in open reading frame 1b, we found rabbit astrovirus in 10 (43%) of 23 samples from animals with enteric disease and in ... | 2011 | 22172457 |
| [molecular genetic characteristics of astroviruses circulating in novosibirsk]. | a total of 1107 fecal samples from young children admitted to hospital for acute enteric infection in january to december 2007 were tested for astroviruses. astroviruses were detected in 64 (5.8%) of the 1107 stool samples, only 50% of them were found as monoinfections. astroviruses were recorded throughout the year; however, no seasonality for this infection could be ascertained. cases of astrovirus infection were mainly observed in infants under one year of age (90%). astroviruses were typed s ... | 2010 | 21381335 |
| the c-terminal nsp1a protein of human astrovirus is a phosphoprotein that interacts with the viral polymerase. | human astrovirus nonstructural c-terminal nsp1a protein (nsp1a/4) colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum and viral rna. it has been suggested that nsp1a/4 protein is involved in the rna replication process in endoplasmic reticulum-derived intracellular membranes. a hypervariable region (hvr) is contained in the nsp1a/4 protein, and different replicative patterns can be distinguished depending on its variability. in the present work, both the astrovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase and four t ... | 2011 | 21325412 |
| [first detection of human astrovirus in gastroenteritis outbreak in hungary]. | human astroviruses are one of the known pathogens of gastroenteritis in infants, children and rarely in elderly. it causes 4.2-7.3% of the sporadic gastroenteritis cases with diarrhea and vomiting in children. the etiological role of astrovirus has not been confirmed yet in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in hungary. | 2011 | 21177230 |
| identification of a novel astrovirus in domestic sheep in hungary. | the family astroviridae consists of two genera, avastrovirus and mamastrovirus, whose members are associated with gastroenteritis in avian and mammalian hosts, respectively. we serendipitously identified a novel ovine astrovirus in a fecal specimen from a domestic sheep (ovis aries) in hungary by viral metagenomic analysis. sequencing of the fragment indicated that it was an orf1b/orf2/3'utr sequence, and it has been submitted to the genbank database as ovine astrovirus type 2 (oastv-2/hungary/2 ... | 2011 | 22033597 |