| studies on antiviral glycosides, 4. inhibition of the multiplication of paramyxoviruses by phenyl-6-chloro-6-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside. | the antiviral activity of phenyl-6-chloro-6-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside (pcg) was studied. pcg specifically inhibited the growth of paramyxoviruses including sendai, measles and newcastle disease viruses in llcmk2 cells at a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, but did not restrict the multiplication of other rna viruses (influenza, vesicular stomatitis and polio viruses) at these concentrations. pcg might act in the late stage during virus replication of sendai virus as it did not inhibit virus rna ... | 1979 | 230307 |
| antiviral effects of a microbial growth inhibitory factor. | | 1979 | 230676 |
| structural and compositional changes associated with chlorine inactivation of polioviruses. | chlorine inactivation of polioviruses resulted in the loss of viral ribonucleic acid, converting the viruses from 156s particles to 80s particles. however, it was found that virus inactivation occurred before the ribonucleic acid was released from the virions. extraction of ribonucleic acid from partially inactivated virus suspensions indicated that chlorine inactivation was due to degradation of the ribonucleic acid before release and that ribonucleic acid loss was a secondary event. the empty ... | 1979 | 230785 |
| survival of enteric viruses under natural conditions in a subarctic river. | the survival of enteric viruses was studied in the vicinity of fairbanks, alaska at selected stations along a 317-km section of the tanana river. this section was located downstream from all known domestic wastewater sources and was effectively sealed by a total ice cover. the mean flow time through the region was 7.1 days, during which initial viral population showed a relative survival rate of 34%. the tracing of native viruses at such great distances in the complete absence of other point and ... | 1979 | 230786 |
| virus detection in soils: a comparison of four recovery methods. | among nine eluents tested, 0.5% (w/v) isoelectric casein at ph 9.0 and 0.5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk (ph 9.0) were the most efficient in eluting poliovirus type 1 (sabin) from eustis fine sand. however, no significant difference was found between the overall (elution followed by concentration) virus recoveries by non-fat dry milk, isoelectric casein, beef extract, and glycine-edta methods. high overall recovery (75%) of low input (200 pfu) of viruses from 100 g of soil was achieved by the isoelect ... | 1979 | 230890 |
| epidemiological, clinical, and pathomorphological characteristics of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease caused by enterovirus 71. | in may-september, 1975, an outbreak of epidemic disease clinically and pathomorphologically simulating nearly all known forms of poliomyelitis occurred predominantly among young infants in bulgaria. most cases presented benign aseptic meningitis, sometimes with a short period of general cerebra- symptoms. paralytic forms, such as bulbar polioencephalitis, anterior poliomyelitis, isolated pareses of the facial nerve, occasional cases of encephalomyocarditis, etc., were observed in about 21% of al ... | 1979 | 231067 |
| efficiency of several micro-fiber glass filters for recovery of poliovirus from tape water. | micro-fiber glass filters from gelman, filterite, johns-manville, and whatman were compared with millipore membrane filters on the basis of their virus adsorbancy, flow rate, clogging resistance, and virus concentration efficiency by using tap water at 2 nephelometric turbidity units. as virus adsorbants the johns-manville d39, filterite 0.25-micron, filterite 0.45-micron, and millipore 0.45-micron filters were the most efficient, retaining more than 99% of the added virus in water at ph 3.5 and ... | 1979 | 231414 |
| modified procedure for the recovery of naturally accumulated poliovirus from oysters. | methods were compared for their ability to recover poliovirus from oysters (crassostrea gigas) which had been allowed to accumulate virus via normal filtration activities. clarification procedures included glycine-nacl and polyelectrolyte extraction methods followed by a variety of acid precipitation concentration methods. polyelectrolyte flocculation followed by a beef extract-supplemented acid precipitation carried out at ph 3.5 yielded the most efficient recoveries. direct assay of homogenate ... | 1979 | 231934 |
| viral heat resistance and infectious ribonucleic acid. | high-titer suspensions of poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus b-2 were shown to contain a heat-resistant fraction when heated for 65 min at temperature ranging from 56 to 70 degrees c. the addition of ribonuclease to the heated suspensions eliminated plaque production in the cell cultures, indicating that the resistant fraction was infectious ribonucleic acid that had been liberated from ruptured viruses during the heating process. | 1979 | 231935 |
| adsorption of enteroviruses to soil cores and their subsequent elution by artificial rainwater. | the adsorption and elution of a variety of human enteroviruses in a highly permeable, sandy soil was studied by using cores (43 by 125 mm) collected from an operating recharge basin on long island. viruses studied included field and reference strains of polioviruses types 1 and 3 and reference strains of coxsackie virus b3 and echovirus types 1 and 6. viruses suspended in treated sewage effluent were allowed to percolate through soil cores, and the filtrate was assayed for unadsorbed viruses. to ... | 1979 | 231936 |
| structural changes associated with poliovirus inactivation in soil. | the loss of infectivity of poliovirus in moist and dried soils was a result of irreversible damage to the virus particles. the damage included (i) dissociation of viral genomes and capsids and (ii) degradation of viral ribonucleic acid (rna) in the soil environment. under drying conditions, capsid components could not be recovered from the soils. further studies in sterile soils indicated that, under moist conditions, the viral rna was probably damaged before dissociation from the capsid. howeve ... | 1979 | 231938 |
| polioviruses and other enteroviruses in urban sewage from laval (canada): presence of non-vaccinal strains of poliovirus. | during a 13-month period (august 1, 1977-august 31, 1978) 55 samples of 2-4 l of raw sewage from an urban residential area were collected and studied for the presence of human enteroviruses. viruses were recovered from 47 (90.5%) of the samples. of the 201 viral isolates propagated, 180 (89.5%) were identified by the serum neutralization test as poliovirus types 1,2, or 3; 16 (8%) were identified as coxsackie b viruses; and 5 (2.5%) could not be identified by the methods used. while all poliovir ... | 1979 | 232002 |
| evidence for secondary structure in poliovirus virion rna demonstrated by antibodies against double-stranded rna. | poliovirus particle rna has been considered to have little secondary structure. specific binding of poliovirion rna by antibodies against double-stranded rna (dsrna) has been confirmed and further characterized by a radioimmunoassay using staphylococcus aureus protein a to precipitate the nucleic acid-antibody complex. competitive binding studies between virion single-stranded rna (ssrna) and poly(i).poly(c) demonstrated that the dsrna effectively inhibited binding of radiolabelled poliovirion r ... | 1979 | 232136 |
| purification of poliovirus by affinity chromatography. | poliovirus type 1 (mahoney strain) has been purified by retention on a sepharose 4b-antibody column and elution with 3m k thiocyanate. the virus was recovered in excellent yield and its purity was as high as that achieved by detergent treatment followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. the column could be re-used and its capacity was sufficiently high to make it a useful method for the purification of milligram quantities of the virus. | 1979 | 232144 |
| [detection of enteroviruses by a concentration on glass powder in a liquid bed from samples of 500 liters of surface water]. | | 1979 | 232421 |
| thiourea derivatives as specific inhibitors of picorna viruses. | 30 compounds with antipicorna virus activity were selected from 173 n,n'-disubstituted thiourea derivatives. the spectrum of antiviral activity was determined in vitro using entero, fmd, rhino and emc viruses. structure-activity relationships were studied. several compounds produced marked activity against coxsackie viruses a and b infection of mice and fmd infection in mice and guinea pigs. n-phenyl-n'-3-hydroxyphenyl-thiourea (ptu-23) inhibited poliovirus production by more than 99% without in ... | 1979 | 232663 |
| glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles. | screening investigations in antiviral action of plant extracts have revealed that a component of glycyrrhiza glabra roots, found to be glycyrrhizie acid, is active against viruses. we report here that this drug inhibits growth and cytopathology of several unrelated dna and rna viruses, while not affecting cell activity and ability to replicate. in addition, glycyrrhizic acid inactivates herpes simplex virus particles irreversibly. | 1979 | 233133 |
| effect of sv40 virus-contaminated polio vaccine on the incidence and type of cns neoplasms in children: a population-based study. | | 1979 | 233330 |
| poliomyelitis in rio de janeiro during the period of 1970 to 1974. i. virological and epidemiological aspects. | | 1978 | 233609 |
| development of a simple method for concentrating enteroviruses from oysters. | the development of a simple method for concentrating enteroviruses from oysters is described. in this method viruses in homogenized oyster tissues are efficiently absorbed to oyster solids at ph 5.5 and low salt concentration. after low-speed centrifugation, the supernatant is discarded and viruses are eluted from the sedimented oyster solids by resuspending them in ph 3.5 glycine-buffered saline. the solids are then removed by low-speed centrifugation, and the virus-containing supernatant is fi ... | 1975 | 234154 |
| phospholipase in the lysosomes of hep-2 cells and its release during poliovirus infection. | | 1975 | 234253 |
| nine-year study of who virus reports on fatal viral infections. | in 1963, the world health organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. the present study is based on 2737 reports of fatal viral infections received from laboratories in 39 out of a total of 47 countries participating in the scheme. in the industrially developed countries, from which most of the reports came, more than one-third of the total number of deaths were associated with influenza a virus, while in the developing countries, the enterovi ... | 1977 | 304388 |
| advantages and disadvantages of killed and live poliomyelitis vaccines. | decision-making on the use of poliomyelitis vaccines in the who expanded immunization programme, and particularly in the developing nations, needs to be based on an understanding of the epidemiology of poliomyelitis in different parts of the globe. even with two safe and effective kinds of poliomyelitis vaccine available, poliomyelitis has by no means been eradicated from the world. in developed countries that are considered well-vaccinated, certain sectors of the population may be inadequately ... | 1978 | 307445 |
| paralytic poliomyelitis in a child with agammaglobulinemia. | this paper gives the clinical, immunological and virological data on a patient with agammaglobulinemia who developed paralytic poliomyelitis. the patient was a 3 year-old boy who had a typical b-cell defect without a t-cell defect. he had profound hypogammaglobulinemia and defective plasma cells and had repeated pyogenic infections which were controlled by gammaglobulin replacement therapy. at 3 years of age, he was admitted to our hospital with suspected meningitis. he had fewer, tremor and nec ... | 1979 | 315313 |
| control of influenza and poliomyelitis with killed virus vaccines. | the requirements for inducing immunity against an infectious disease are outlined, and the application of these requirements to the development of effective vaccines (vaccinology) is discussed. influenza and poliomyelitis are examined from this viewpoint, and data are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of killed virus vaccines against these diseases. a comparison between live and killed poliovirus vaccines suggests the desirability of returning to the use of a killed virus vaccine for ... | 1977 | 320661 |
| coxsackievirus aggregates in muscle cells of a polymyositis patient. | muscle biopsy specimens of a patient with polymyositis showed crystalline structures resembling picornavirus aggregates within muscle cells. the patient's serum reacted in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with autologous muscle cells. a strongly positive immunofluorescence staining was also noted when a section of muscle tissue was reacted with coxsackievirus a9 antiserum, and a weakly positive reaction was noted with coxsackievirus b2 antiserum. no staining was observed after treatment with ... | 1978 | 352989 |
| [dynamics of secretory and serum immunoglobulins in children in the course of vaccinations with live poliomyelitis monovaccines]. | the influence of vaccination with live poliomyelitis monovaccines on the formation of immunoglobulins in the blood serum and the buccal secrets was studied in infants under 1 year. there was a correlation between rises in the levels of serum immunoglobulins (ig) of the a, g, and m classes and titers of neutralizing antibody to the three poliomyelitis virus types. the highest level of secretory iga was observed after immunization with type i monovaccine. the level of secretory iga correlated wit ... | 1978 | 358597 |
| immunological aspects of human milk. | the general decline in breastfeeding in most parts of the world has become a major health concern in view of the many physiological, biochemical, psychological, cultural, and economic benefits of breastfeeding for a few months after birth. a review of the immunologic aspect of breastfeeding shows that a spectrum of interacting specific and nonspecific antimicrobial resistance factors found in the human milk (e.g., physicochemical properties, immunoglobulins, iron-binding protein, interferon, po ... | 1978 | 362248 |
| the epidemiology of poliomyelitis: enigmas surrounding its appearance, epidemicity, and disappearance. | the emergence of a debate in the us regarding poliomyelitis immunization practices makes it important to examine unresolved issues about the epidemiology of this disease. the literature suggests that poliomyelitis initially appears as a disease of preschool children, but then there is a trend toward increasing age of cases. age differences in the case: infection ratio do not appear to have a consistent, predictable impact on overall incidence. the appearance of epidemic poliomyelitis is assu ... | 1979 | 400274 |
| [problems in producing some antiviral preparations]. | | 1977 | 407738 |
| [preparation and use of inactivated vaccine against acute anterior poliomyelitis in the netherlands]. | | 1979 | 424009 |
| perspectives on current use of some virus vaccines in the usa. measles, rubella, poliomyelitis, and influenza in the usa: contrasts in control by vaccination. | | 1979 | 461011 |
| [immunity against poliomyelitis in the german federal republic (author's transl)]. | the immunity of the populations of several countries of the gfr against poliovirus 1, 2 and 3 was investigated in 11 laboratories. sera of 4707 persons aged 0 to 30 years were assessed for neutralising antibodies (serum dilution 1:4) against the 3 types of poliovirus. 34.5% of the 4707 investigated sera had no neutralising antibodies at least against one type of the poliovirus, 4.7% showed no antibodies against all 3 types of the virus. especially children aged 0 to 4 years were protected incomp ... | 1979 | 467253 |
| [disorders in the murine chromosome apparatus induced by immunization with a complex of antiviral vaccines]. | immunization of mice with a number of live virus vaccines (poliovaccine, smallpox vaccine, measles vaccine) given consecutively at 14-day intervals resulted in increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of the animals after the completion of the entire vaccination course (14 and 30 days after the last vaccination). measles vaccine and, particularly, smallpox vaccine exert a significant harmful effect on the karyotype of the bone marrow cells. the effect on the chromosome ... | 1979 | 506209 |
| [temperature stability of poliovirus vaccine of attenuated virus produced in the instituto nacional de virología]. | | 1979 | 550306 |
| evaluation of central nervous system vaccinia antibody synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients. | a serum/cerebrospinal fluid (csf) ratio method was used to determine whether elevated csf vaccinia antibody titers in some patients with multiple sclerosis are the result of central nervous system antibody synthesis or of a leak in the blood-brain barrier. nine of 20 multiple sclerosis patients were noted to have a depressed serum/csf vaccinia antibody ratio and a normal ratio for poliovirus-i, an agent thought not to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. these data suggest cent ... | 1977 | 557758 |
| poliomyelitis surveillance in england and wales, 1969-1975. | poliomyelitis continued to be a rare disease in england and wales in the period 1969-75. only 31 paralytic and 44 cases of possible non-paralytic poliomyelitis were recorded during the 7 years. of the 31 paralytic cases approximately one third were vaccine-associated; 3 were patients who had recently received oral poliovaccine and 7 had been in contact with a vaccinated person. five of these 7 patients were parents of recently vaccinated children. the rate of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis was ... | 1978 | 563892 |
| immunity status of czech population with regard to poliomyelitis in 1970--1975. | the results of examination of antibodies against all three types ofthe poliomyelitis virus from the period of systematically performed multipurpose immunological survey in the czech socialistic republic (1970--1975) are presented and evaluated. the analysis of these results indicates that the status of immunity in the czech population, systematically vaccinated against poliomyelitis, is good, as all requirements of collective protection against this disease have been met. at the same time, the r ... | 1977 | 564368 |
| the outer boundary of the cytoskeleton: a lamina derived from plasma membrane proteins. | we prepared the cytoskeletal framework by gently extracting cells with triton x-100. lipids and soluble proteins were removed, leaving a complex meshlike structure which contains the cell nucleus and is composed of the major cell filament networks as well as the microtrabeculae with attached polyribosomes. the surface sheet or lamina covering this structure contains most of the cell surface proteins by the following criteria. intact cells are labeled externally with radioiodine and then extracte ... | 1979 | 573666 |
| immunologic aspects of human colostrum and milk. iii. fate and absorption of cellular and soluble components in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn. | a group of formula-fed infants were administered a single feed of poliovirus iga antibody-rich human colostrum 18 to 72 hr after birth. subsequently, the presence of igg, iga, and igm immunoglobulin and poliovirus antibody activity was determined in serial serum and fecal samples of the neonates. absorption of iga immunoglobulin from the colostrum to the circulation was observed in three infants who were fed with colostrum between 18 and 24 hr after birth. another group of infants of tuberculin- ... | 1977 | 577500 |
| critical evaluation of the role of immunization as an etiological factor of infantile spasms. | one hundred and ten cases of infantile spasms with detailed information about immunization available were selected as the masterial to evaluate the significance of immunization as an etiological factor of infantile spasms. in 80% of the cases, immunization could not be considered to have any relation with causation of infantile spasms, because 44 cases (40%) never had innoculations as yet, and other 44 cases (40%) had been immunized by some vaccines over one month before or after the onset of th ... | 1977 | 578294 |
| [survey on vaccination antecedents and immunity levels in a children population of 1 to 4 years of age in the state of tlaxcala]. | | 1977 | 594832 |
| [evaluation of the vaccination against polio by live attenuated virus]. | | 1977 | 611063 |
| protein cleavage in virus-infected cells. | a variety of proteins, including viral precursor polypeptides, were bound to a solid support and used in a sensitive assay for proteolytic enzymes in hela cells. a trypsin-like endoprotease, present on ribosomes of hela cells, loses activity after picornavirus infection. the decline follows synthesis and processing of a viral protein. inhibition of cellfree activity of hela protease occurs when protein trypsin inhibitors or double-stranded rna are added. after the mid-point of infection, proteas ... | 1977 | 616704 |
| the behaviour of f2 coliphage in activated sludge treatment. | a model activated sludge treatment plant was used which was functionally very similar to a full-scale plant. it was inoculated with f2 coliphage and the titres of virus in the influent, the mixed liquor and the effluent were monitored regularly. the distribution of the virus in the solids and liquid fractions of the mixed liquor was in the ratio of 18:82 and 20.4% of the influent virus was recovered in the effluent. after inoculation was stopped the titre of virus in the solids fraction of the m ... | 1978 | 632563 |
| [long-term observations of dynamics of collective immunity to poliomyelitis in vaccinated children]. | examinations of children in the moscow region in 1972 revealed low values of the herd immunity to poliomyolitis. this was suggested to be due to improper organization of vaccination of children. the regional health authorities took special measures for better organization of vaccination. the examinations two years later, in 1974, showed nearly 90% of children between the ages of 1 and 6 years to have antibody to all three types of poliomyelitis virus. the geometric mean antibody titre increased. ... | 1978 | 645055 |
| polio immunization: benefits and risks. | there are epidemiological as well as legal risks to polio immunization. the physician should compare the risks of vaccination with the risks which attend nonvaccination. another view of the incidence of paralysis following oral poliovaccine (opv) shows that the risk is about 1.6 cases per 10(6) nonimmune children given opv and that this rises to about ten cases per 10(6) nonimmune adults exposed to opv. there is little evidence of reversion to virulence of the virus and it is proposed that susce ... | 1978 | 690580 |
| structure and replication of echovirus type 12. 1. analysis of the polypeptides and rna of echovirus 12 particles. | the propagation of echovirus 12 in green monkey kidney (gmk) cells, a continuous cell line, is described. virions and empty capsids are purified to homogeneity by cscl density and by velocity centrifugation. the protein composition of the particles as compared to poliovirus 2 particles is analyzed by dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. infectious virions were found to be composed of four different polypeptide chains of molecular weights 33,000, 31,000, 24,000 and 7,000. some addi ... | 1978 | 729593 |
| structure and replication of echovirus type 12. 2. viral polypeptides synthesized in the infected cell. | a technique has been devised which allows us to label predominantly echovirus-12-specific proteins: upon infection in the presence of d-(--)-2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)benzimidazole plus actinomycin d the shut-off of host-cell protein synthesis takes place as in infected, untreated cells, but the bulk of viral protein synthesis is inhibited. upon removal of 2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)benzimidazole a peak of viral protein synthesis is visible 3 h later. the time course of appearance of viral proteins is ... | 1978 | 729594 |
| paralytic poliomyelitis in the gaza strip and west bank during recent years. | numerous cases of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred during epidemic years and in interepidemic periods in recent years in the gaza strip and the west bank. during the epidemics of 1974 and 1976, more than 100 paralytic cases were recorded each year. the dominant poliovirus was type 1. in interepidemic years, especially in the gaza strip, type 3 poliovirus was the prevalent type. the age group affected were infants and children up to 3 years and 50% of cases occurred during the first 12 months of ... | 1978 | 753648 |
| improvement in the yield of oral poliovirus vaccine (sabin strains) produced in human diploid cells. | when stationary cultures of human diploid cells in conventional roux bottles were replaced by the development of cells in roller bottles, the yield of poliovirus, sabin strains type 1 and 2, showed an increase of 0.5 to 1 log10. no significant difference was noticed in the yield of these viruses cultured in wi-38 and mrc-5 human diploid cells. | 1978 | 753650 |
| effects of adverse storage on live virus vaccines. | a vaccine stored strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions can be used with confidence up to the designated expiry date. however, problems with transport, refrigeration plant, or electricity supply may lead to the exposure of a vaccine under field conditions, and particularly in tropical countries, to high or fluctuating temperatures. we have therefore studied the stability of the standard formulations of our live yellow fever virus, poliovirus and rubella virus vaccines, when they w ... | 1978 | 753656 |
| reye syndrome associated with vaccination with live virus vaccines. an exploration of possible etiologic relationships. | to determine whether vaccination with live virus vaccines may be etiologically related to reye syndrome, we examined 404 cases reported to the center for disease control. fifteen of 269 children with reye syndrome has been inoculated with live virus vaccines within 30 days before onset of illness. although this temporal relationship may have occurred by chance, seasonal distribution and clustering of incubation periods suggests that live virus vaccines may occasionally serve as cofactors in the ... | 1979 | 759059 |
| a rapid method for quantitative assay of poliovirus from water with the aid of the fluorescent antibody technique. | a method is described for the rapid quantitative demonstration of polioviruses in water with the aid of the fluorescent antibody technique. identification of the virus is possible after 18--24 hours as compared to 3--5 days required with the plaque count method. approximately 10 plaque forming units, concentrated from a volume of 40 liters of seeded tap water could be demonstrated by the rapid method. positive cells were already seen after 6--9 hours; the results were, however, not sufficiently ... | 1976 | 769752 |
| [problems of specific secretory antiviral immunity]. | | 1976 | 788388 |
| [unusual defective antibody reaction after polio vaccination (author's transl)]. | over several years we have determined the titers of the neutralizing antibodies against the three types of polio virus in 147 adult females working in hospitals or laboratories. through administration of a trivalent oral vaccine we attempted to boost the vaccination and supplement the missing antibodies. a strong antibody reaction against all three types of polio virus could only be obtained usually after an additional parenteral injection of inactivated serum. four cases are described in detail ... | 1975 | 803613 |
| bacteriophages and endotoxin in licensed live-virus vaccines. | in confirmation of recent reports, coliphages were found in seven of 19 unselected samples of the currently licensed live-virus vaccines. coliphages and pseudomonas phage were found in 11 and 14, respectively, of the 20 bovine sera commonly used in the cell culture phase of virus vaccine production. the same lots of vaccine and serum were examined by the limulus assay for endotoxin, another product of bacterial contamination. eighteen of 20 sera had detectable endotoxin-like activity. our prelim ... | 1975 | 805187 |
| preliminary attempts to detect interactions between coliphages and two attenuated vaccine viruses. | | 1975 | 810489 |
| is poliomyelitis an auto-allergic disease triggered by virus? | the neuropathology of poliomyelitis is reviewed and the reasons for the inflammatory response are examined. it is concluded that the response is due to the release of a previously sequestered self-antigen from virus infected or damaged cells. the inflammation is consistent with an auto-allergic response by lymphocytes senitised before the viral infection. a model for the mechanism of genetic susceptibility is proposed. simultaneous infection with other enterovirus, the incubation period of paral ... | 1976 | 826769 |
| [possibility of occurrence of mild spinal forms of poliomyelitis in subjects immunized repeatedly with live poliomyelitis vaccine]. | the results of clinical, epidemiological, serological and virological examinations of patients with mild spinal forms of poliomyelitis occurring under conditions of mass immunization with oral live poliomyelitis vaccine are presented. the etiological role of poliomyelitis virus types i and iii in these diseases has been established. it has been shown that multiple vaccination does not always prevent diseases but in these cases they are milder. serological examination of patients and normal subj ... | 1976 | 936571 |
| characterization of miniature pig kidney cells and their resistance to chlamydial infection. | a miniature pig kidney cell line has been established from porcine fetuses taken aseptically by hysterectomy and maintained for more than 50 passages in eagle's minimal essential medium containing 10% heat-inactivated newborn calf serum. cell transfers were performed each week. primary and serially passaged cells were found to be highly refractory to infection by chlamydia trachomatis strains tw-3, bour, and lgv 440l and chlamydia psittaci strains meningopneumonitis and 6bc and insusceptible to ... | 1976 | 944002 |
| the insertion of dna into vaccinia virus. | cells infected with vaccinia virus in the presence of hydroxyurea (hu), which blocks dna replication, were examined in thin sections by electron microscopy at intervals after removal of hu. dense, fibrillar material was observed at the orifice formed just before closure of the membrane constituting the envelope of the immature form of the virus. it is concluded that synchrony of assembly enabled stages in the condensation and insertion of viral deoxyribonucleoprotein to be observed. the mechanis ... | 1976 | 959819 |
| current status of polio immunization, with recent legal implications. | the administration of live trivalent oral polio vaccine (topv) is a daily occurrence in the average family practice. although the incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis has sharply decreased following the use of the salk and sabin vaccines, serious medical and legal problems remain. physicians should be aware that even the children who have received three doses of topv may not be protected against all three types of polio virus. certain patients have altered immunity and should not be given a live ... | 1976 | 1003132 |
| [effect of viral vaccines on animal bone marrow cell chromosomes]. | a comparative study on the effect of a number of viral vaccines (live and inactivated vaccinia, poliovirus type ii, measles, rabies vaccines) on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells was carried out. most vaccines were found to impair the process of first divisions of these cells after vaccination. live vaccinia vaccine and live fixed rabies virus cause an increase in the rate of structural chromosome aberrations at later intervals, 30-90 days after immunization. the main type of chromosome dis ... | 1976 | 1007225 |
| large-scale cultivation of cells in closed systems: stationary and moving. | basic metabolic differences have been observed for cell cultures propagated in conventional stationary or rotating systems. the influence of these differences on virus characteristics is largely unknown but could be significant in maintenance of genetic stability of attenuated strains. current requirements for good manufacturing procedures prompted the development of closed systems for both stationary and rotating cultures. both are suitable for large-scale virus production. the methods will be ... | 1976 | 1031678 |
| observations of the incidence of structural abnormalities in the chromosomes of wi-38 cells prepared for vaccine manufacture. | chromosome monitoring of 500 batches of wi-38 cells prepared for vaccine manufacture involved examining 50-60,000 metaphases at p31-32. results collected over 6 years showed the mean incidence of aneuploidy and breaks to decrease slightly, whereas the incidence of structural abnormalities followed a sharply rising trend, eventually reaching a level where a substantial proportion of cell batches exceeded the limit set for this parameter for vaccine substrates. no technical or cultural factor acco ... | 1976 | 1031683 |
| karyological characterization of wi-38 cells used in the production of vaccines. | according to the valid requirements, samples of wi-38 cells taken prior to the final subcultivation for vaccine production by the manufacturer, were reconstituted, subcultivated and investigated in our control laboratories. chromosome monitoring was done using permanent orcein stained slide preparations for direct evaluation and photographs of all selected cells for exact counts, scoring for breaks and karyotype analysis in the case of abnormalities. the tabulated summary of karyological analyse ... | 1976 | 1031684 |
| a note on single- and two-dose immunogenicity tests of inactive virus vaccine in chicks. | single dose extinction limit test ot inactive polio vaccine in chicks lasts 4 days and offers the same results as the two-dose test which requires 14 days. when "long-term" incubation instead of "conventional" 2 hours-incubation of the serum/virus mixtures in the neutralization reaction was used, extinction limit values higher by 0.6-0.7 log10 were regularly obtained. | 1976 | 1033226 |
| production and control of live oral poliovirus vaccine in wi-38 human diploid cells. | production of live poliomyelitis vaccine in human diploid cells wi-38 can be carried out successfully on a continuous basis. starting at the 8th population doubling level it is possible to produce 128 ampoules, each containing 1 ml of cell suspension at the 16th level. each of these cell seed ampoules will yield 85 bottles each with a surface area of 1400 sq. cm at the production level (p29) together with 85 roux bottle cultures which act as controls. a further passage from the control cells yie ... | 1976 | 1036401 |
| the relation between acute persisting spinal paralysis and poliomyelitis vaccine (oral): results of a who enquiry. | the present report presents the findings in 8 countries at the end of the first 5 years of an international investigation into the possible relationship between acute persisting spinal paralysis and the use of oral poliomyelitis vaccine.the most striking finding was the high association with type 3 virus in the recipient cases and with type 2 virus in the "contacts" and "possible contacts". most of the cases in the recipient groups occurred in children under 5 years of age in all countries, but ... | 1976 | 1086727 |
| immunization in india with trivalent and monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines of enhanced potency. | in an attempt to improve the serological response of infants in warm climates to oral poliovirus vaccine (opv), the authors administered to 79 children between 6 and 41 weeks of age trivalent and monovalent opv containing a virus dose 10 times as high as that found in the standard vaccine. the seroconversion rates following one dose of this trivalent opv were 42% to type 1 poliovirus, 85% to type 2, and 31% to type 3. these rates are only slightly better than those previously reported after one ... | 1976 | 1087587 |
| booster effect of sabin poliomyelitis vaccine. | studies were carried out on 86 children aged 1-14 years who had titres of antibodies against poliovirus type 3 lower than 1: 32 and against type 2 higher than 1: 4. after a booster dose of poliomyelitis vaccine type 2+3, seroconversion took place in 44 (90%) of 49 children whose original titre was lower than 1: 4 and the geometrical mean titre increased to 1: 244. of 37 children with low original titres of antibodies against type 3, i.e., 1: 4, 1: 8, or 1: 16, the titre increased fourfold or mor ... | 1976 | 1088514 |
| ecology of enteroviruses in tropics. i. circulation of enteroviruses in healthy infants in tropical urban area. | a continuing surveillance on enterovirus infection in healthy infants was conducted from october 1971 through february 1973 in urban areas in ghana, west africa. about 40 infants were visited in every two months for collection of faecal specimens and examined for infection. enteroviruses were recovered in tissue culture. the overall isolation rate of enteroviruses was approximately 44%, and there was no seasonal difference between rainy and dry seasons. the rate of virus isolation in urban areas ... | 1975 | 1165613 |
| induction of interferon in man by vaccines. | the purpose of this study was to extend the spectrum of vaccines with interferon-inducing potential in man. the vaccines selected for study were the commercially available attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine type 2 (sabin strain) and the new live attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine ("alice" strain). five subjects, two of whom had low or undetectable polio type 2 neutralizing antibody levels were given the type 2 vaccine (10-4.7 tcid50) in the standard manner orally. even though the ... | 1975 | 1170566 |
| air-rinsing after dialysis. a mode of transmission of hepatitis virus. | during a recent outbreak of hepatitis b among patients receiving dialysis, georgraphic and temporal distribution of cases in the absence of exposure to blood products suggested patient-to-patient transmission. the patients who contracted hepatitis used kiil dialyzers with a single-pass dialysate system, while patients who used hollow-fiber dialyzers appeared to be protected. blood was returned to patients after kiil dialysis by the air-rinse technique with the use of a nonsterile plastic tube at ... | 1975 | 1173646 |
| [studies on simian viruses as possible contaminants of inactivated virus vaccines. i. direct and serologic detection of simian adenovirus sv20 (author's transl)]. | in the federal republic of germany inactivated vaccines against poliomyelitis and measles are still produced in monkey kidney cell cultures which may be contaminated by simian viruses. one of these viruses is the oncogenic adenovirus sv20. a control of monkey sera from the institute's monkey house showed a high incidence of hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies against this virus (table 1). experimentally could be demonstrated that inactivated virus vaccines may be contaminated ... | 1975 | 1179876 |
| oral polio vaccination of children in the tropics. ii. antibody response in relation to vaccine virus infection. | poliovirus antibody response rates following the administration of trivalent oral polio vaccine (opv) have been poor in several developing countries. in an attempt to determine if poor seroresponse is due to poor rates of vaccine virus "take" or due to poor serum antibody response to intestinal virus infection, both vaccine virus take and serum antibody response were determined in a group of children given two doses of opv. in the large majority of seronegative children there was good correlatio ... | 1975 | 1200025 |
| oral polio vaccination of children in the tropics. iii. intercurrent enterovirus infections, vaccine virus take and antibody response. | the effect of intercurrent enterovirus infections on host responses to oral polio vaccine (opv) was studied in groups of infants and children who were without antibodies to one, two or three serotypes of poliovirus. the prevalence of enterovirus infections as detected in fecal specimens collected at weekly intervals and inoculated in primary monkey kidney cell culture, hep 2 cells and newborn mice ranged between 60 and 70 per cent. the presence of such infections at the time of, 1 week prior to, ... | 1975 | 1200026 |
| electron microscopic observation of feline kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus. | an electron microscopic study of kitten kidney cells infected with a feline calicivirus (a member of the family picornaviridae) has been carried out. although cells appeared to be synchronised by the light microscope, electron microscopic changes were extremely variable. the first observable and consistent changes occurred in the nucleus followed by the formation of membrane bound vesicles in the cytoplasm. a variety of arrangements of virus particle accumulation were observed in infected cells. ... | 1975 | 1237279 |
| immunoglobulin abnormalities and measles antibody response in chronic myelopathy. | patients with chronic myelopathy of unknown origin were separated into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin g (lgg) in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). thirty-nine of 48 patients (81%) with oligoclonal lgg in csf had measles virus antibodies in the csf and 31 (65%) showed reduced serum/csf measles virus antibody ratios, in comparison with the corresponding ratios of adenovirus, group-specific, penton hemagglutination-enhancement and poliovirus neutralization-enh ... | 1976 | 1247393 |
| [vaccines and pregnancy]. | | 1976 | 1256716 |
| antigenic sequences of poliovirus recognized by t cells: serotype-specific epitopes on vp1 and vp3 and cross-reactive epitopes on vp4 defined by using cd4+ t-cell clones. | a panel of poliovirus-specific murine cd4+ t-cell clones has been established from both balb/c (h-2d) and cba (h-2k) mice immunized with sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus serotype 1, 2, or 3. t-cell clones were found to be either serotype specific or cross-reactive between two or all three serotypes. specificity analysis against purified poliovirus proteins demonstrated that t-cell clones recognized determinants on the surface capsid proteins vp1, vp2, and vp3 and the internal capsid protein v ... | 1992 | 1279196 |
| intrinsic immunogenicity of an internal vp1 t-b epitope pair of type 1 poliovirus. | we describe the intrinsic immunogenicity of a poliovirus t-b epitope pair that is located in the n-terminus of the capsid protein vp1. this peptide is unusual in that it is located on the interior of the native virion at the vp1-vp3 interface in a region that becomes exposed after cell binding, proteolysis, or heating of the virus. immunization of mice with either the virion or free peptide leads to anti-peptide antibody production. anti-peptide immunity is under genetic control and 1-ak restric ... | 1992 | 1280759 |
| vacuolar neuronal degeneration in the ventral horns of scid mice in naturally occurring theiler's encephalomyelitis. | during a spontaneous outbreak of theiler's encephalomyelitis severe combined immunodeficient mice developed high morbidity and high mortality. histological lesions were localized in the ventral horns of the spinal cord and brain stem. the salient features were the severe vacuolar degeneration of neurones and glial cells and the absence of inflammatory cellular infiltrates. the clinical and pathological features of this outbreak indicate that the scid mouse would be a much improved model for stud ... | 1992 | 1291587 |
| swedish inactivated polio vaccine: laboratory standardization and clinical experience over a 30-year period. | swedish inactivated polio vaccines have contained per single human dose a mean amount of viral antigen equivalent to 1 x 10(7.5) ccid50 of type 1, 1 x 10(7.4) of type 2 and 1 x 10(7.8) of type 3 produced on primary monkey kidney cells. potency tests were made in comparison with an equivalent amount of live virus suspension of all three types. validation of tests has been based on the response to type 1 only. based on clinical experience with vaccine lots from 1957 and the establishment of the se ... | 1992 | 1305403 |
| yeast cells are incapable of translating rnas containing the poliovirus 5' untranslated region: evidence for a translational inhibitor. | we have expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae a full-length poliovirus cdna clone under the control of the gal10 promoter to better characterize the effect of poliovirus on host cell metabolism. we find that yeast cells are unable to translate poliovirus rna in vivo and that this inhibition is mediated through the 5' untranslated region of the viral rna. the in vivo inhibition of translation of poliovirus rna and p2cat rna (which contains the 5' untranslated region fused upstream of th ... | 1992 | 1309248 |
| 'alter' a virus molecularly for polio vaccine? | | 1992 | 1309582 |
| model for the differential stabilities of rhinovirus and poliovirus to mild acidic ph, based on electrostatics calculations. | previous calculations of electrostatic interactions in the rhinovirus capsid have identified a subset of histidine residues, paired with lysine or arginine, that may be involved in ph-induced conformational changes related to viral uncoating. further calculations with the finite difference method, accounting for the dielectric environment of the ionizable groups, suggest that charge burial in the crystal conformation will prevent protonation of these histidine residues in the pentamer-pentamer i ... | 1992 | 1309885 |
| rna sequence variants in live poliovirus vaccine and their relation to neurovirulence. | mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage (maprec) was used to study sequence heterogeneity and stability in attenuated poliovirus type 3 at positions in which the vaccine virus differs from its wild-type progenitor. of seven genomic positions tested, only two (positions 472 and 2493) show nucleotide heterogeneity. propagation of the vaccine virus in cell cultures leads to rapid selection of virus with reversions at these two positions of the genome. the relati ... | 1992 | 1309923 |
| persistent poliovirus infection: establishment and maintenance involve distinct mechanisms. | mutants of poliovirus (pv) with highly modified biological properties can be selected in vitro in cells of neural origin. mutations accumulate in the genome of type 1 pv strains selected in human neuroblastoma cells, modifying cell specificity and conferring to the virus the ability to persist in such nonneural cells as hep-2c (pelletier et al., virology 180, 729 1991). with this cell system, we have both parent lytic strains and persistent pv mutants; these were used to study the mechanisms of ... | 1992 | 1310176 |
| identification of 50- and 23-/25-kda hela cell membrane glycoproteins involved in poliovirus infection: occurrence of poliovirus specific binding sites on susceptible and nonsusceptible cells. | glycoproteins in the range 50 and 23/25 kda were identified as poliovirus specific binding sites on hela cells with the monoclonal antibody mab 122. mab 122 is characterized by its partial inhibiting effect on poliovirus reproduction and adsorption when prebound to hela cells. the binding sites are endocytosed in native cells and specific for poliovirus as mab 122 did not interfere with the adsorption of human rhinovirus type 14 (hrv 14). the poliovirus binding sites are present also on nonprima ... | 1992 | 1310182 |
| characterization of the roles of conserved cysteine and histidine residues in poliovirus 2a protease. | the primary processing of the poliovirus polyprotein is catalyzed by 2a protease (2apro) which cleaves at the 1d/2a junction in a very rapid cotranslational reaction. in addition, 2apro also indirectly induces cleavage of the p220 component of eif-4f, which results in selective inhibition of host protein synthesis. earlier studies have indicated that 2apro is related to 3c protease (3cpro) and is structurally similar to trypsin-like serine proteases with the substitution of cys109 as the nucleop ... | 1992 | 1310193 |
| association of heat shock protein 70 with enterovirus capsid precursor p1 in infected human cells. | members of the human heat shock (hsp) family of related proteins are involved in the intracellular folding, transport, and assembly of proteins and protein complexes. we have observed that human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is associated with the capsid precursor p1 of poliovirus and coxsackievirus b1 in infected hela cells. antiserum generated against hsp70 coimmunoprecipitated the poliovirus protein p1, an intermediate in capsid assembly. similarly, alpha-virion serum coimmunoprecipitated hsp ... | 1992 | 1310763 |
| folding and processing of the capsid protein precursor p1 is kinetically retarded in neutralization site 3b mutants of poliovirus. | poliovirus mutants in neutralizing antigenic site 3b were constructed by replacing the glutamic acid residue at amino acid 74 of capsid protein vp2 (vp2074e), using site-specific mutagenesis methods. all viable mutants display small-plaque phenotypes. characterization of these mutants indicates that capsid assembly is perturbed. although the defect in capsid assembly reduces the yield of mutant virus particles per cell, the resultant assembled particle is wild-type-like in structure and infectiv ... | 1992 | 1310770 |
| intracellular modifications induced by poliovirus reduce the requirement for structural motifs in the 5' noncoding region of the genome involved in internal initiation of protein synthesis. | a series of genetic deletions based partly on two rna secondary structure models (m. a. skinner, v. r. racaniello, g. dunn, j. cooper, p. d. minor, and j. w. almond, j. mol. biol. 207:379-392, 1989; e. v. pilipenko, v. m. blinov, l. i. romanova, a. n. sinyakov, s. v. maslova, and v. i. agol, virology 168:201-209, 1989) was made in the cdna encoding the 5' noncoding region (5' ncr) of the poliovirus genome in order to study the sequences that direct the internal entry of ribosomes. the modified c ... | 1992 | 1310772 |
| hela cells grown continuously in protein-free medium: a novel model for the study of virus replication. | human carcinoma of the cervix cell line hela, adapted to continuous growth in a protein-free chemically defined medium, was used as substrate for the replication of several human pathogenic viruses. growth characteristics of the cells designated as hela-pf in protein-free 1:1 nutrient mixture of dulbecco's modified mem and ham's f-12 supplemented with l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate were similar to those of the cells grown in a serum-supplemented medium. after 30 months (135 subcultures) in the prot ... | 1992 | 1310958 |
| cytotoxic and viral neutralizing antibodies crossreact with streptococcal m protein, enteroviruses, and human cardiac myosin. | the development of autoimmunity in certain instances is related to infectious agents. in this report, cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize epitopes on both enteroviruses and the bacterium streptococcus pyogenes are described. murine anti-streptococcal mabs that were crossreactive with streptococcal m protein, human cardiac myosin, and other alpha-helical coiled-coil molecules were found to neutralize coxsackieviruses b3 and b4 or poliovirus type 1. the viral-neutralizing anti-st ... | 1992 | 1311095 |
| search for coxsackievirus b3 rna in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy using gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification assay was developed to detect coxsackievirus b3 ribonucleic acid (rna) in blood and myocardial tissue of explanted hearts from 40 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation and in 1 normal heart. twenty-one patients were affected by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy of different duration and 19 by coronary artery disease. coxsackievirus b3 in vitro infected vero cells and cells infected by related human enteroviruses (coxsackievirus b2, b4, and ... | 1992 | 1311139 |
| the effect of cicloxolone sodium on the replication in cultured cells of adenovirus type 5, reovirus type 3, poliovirus type 1, two bunyaviruses and semliki forest virus. | the effect of cicloxolone sodium (ccx) on the replication of typical representatives of different virus families [adenovirus type 5 (ad-5), reovirus type 3 (reo-3), bunyamwera and germiston viruses, poliovirus type 1 (polio-1) and semliki forest virus (sfv)] in tissue culture was investigated. the golgi apparatus inhibitor monensin (mon) and ccx were shown to have analogous effects on some aspects of virus replication. although the mon-like effect of ccx played no role in the antiviral activity ... | 1992 | 1311362 |
| inhibitory effect of oryzacystatins and a truncation mutant on the replication of poliovirus in infected vero cells. | poliovirus, a picornavirus family member, requires the processing of its poly-protein by its own cysteine proteinase for replication. oryzacystatin-i and oryzacystatin-ii, proteinaceous cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins) of rice seed origin, were found to inhibit the replication of poliovirus effectively in infected vero cells in vitro. truncated oryzacystatin-i, which lacks the nh2-terminal 25 amino acid residues of the intact protein, is an even more effective inhibitor, eliciting its ... | 1992 | 1312033 |