| antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties of endophytic pestalotiopsis species from medicinal plants. | pestalotiopsis species were most dominant endophytic species isolated from four medicinal plants including terminalia arjuna, terminalia chebula, azadirachta indica, and holarrhena antidysenterica. thirty pestalotiopsis species isolated from different parts of the medicinal plants were selected for the study. the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of pestalotiopsis isolates were determined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitory activity, lipid peroxidation, and angiotensi ... | 2008 | 18772940 |
| effect of indian herbal hypoglycemic agents on antioxidant capacity and trace elements content in diabetic rats. | in the present investigation we report the protective potential of some herbal hypoglycemic agents on antioxidant status and levels of metal ions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. furthermore, in vitro antioxidant activity of the herbs was also evaluated. induction of diabetes mellitus in rats caused an increase in blood lipid peroxide levels that was associated with the reduced activity of red blood cell (rbc) antioxidant enzymes--namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reduc ... | 2008 | 18800899 |
| influence of edaphic factors on the mineralization of neem oil coated urea in four indian soils. | the utility of neem (azadirachta indica a juss) oil coated urea as a value-added nitrogenous fertilizer has been now widely accepted by indian farmers and the fertilizer industry. in the present study, the expeller grade (eg) and hexane-extracted (he) neem oils, the two most common commercial grades, were used to prepare neem oil coated urea (nocu) of various oil doses, for which mineralization rates were assessed in four soils at three incubation temperatures (20, 27, and 35 degrees c). neem oi ... | 2008 | 18841982 |
| endophytic actinomycetes from azadirachta indica a. juss.: isolation, diversity, and anti-microbial activity. | endophytic actinomycetes from azadirachta indica a. juss. were screened and evaluated for their anti-microbial activity against an array of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. a total of 55 separate isolates were obtained from 20 plants, and 60% of these showed inhibitory activity against one or more pathogenic fungi and bacteria. actinomycetes were most commonly recovered from roots (54.5% of all isolates), followed by stems (23.6%), and leaves (21.8%). the dominant genus was streptomyces (49.09% of ... | 2009 | 18853084 |
| antibacterial activity of some plant extracts used in folk medicine. | in the present work, selected plants were screened for their potential antibacterial activity. for evaluating antibacterial activity, both aqueous and organic solvent methanol was used. the plants screened were ocimum sanctum, jatropha gossypifolia, boerhavia diffusa, azadirachta indica, solidago virgaurea, and commelina benghalensis. the antibacterial activity was assessed against six bacterial strains--pseudomonas testosteroni, staphylococcus epidermidis, klebsiella pneumoniae, bacillus subtil ... | 2007 | 18928141 |
| oral administration of azadirachta indica (l.) seed kernel active principle protects rat liver hepatocytes and testis seminiferous tubules from phenobarbitol-induced damage. | the male albino rat testis and liver showed tissue modification upon exposure to phenobarbitol (pb), 24 mg/100 g of body weight, for about 3 weeks and upon staining of their sections with hematoxylin and eosin. in this procedure, the control liver showed normal hepatocytes with centrally placed nuclei, and the pb-treated hepatocyte showed degeneration of cytoplasm and nucleus, necrosis and fragmentation of nucleus, and pushing of nucleus to periphery. the control rat testis showed epithelial lay ... | 2007 | 18928146 |
| control of the mushroom phorid fly, megaselia halterata (wood), with plant extracts. | the most serious insect pest problems affecting the cultivation of mushroom [agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach] in turkey are mushroom flies (sciarids, cecids and phorids). mushroom phorid fly, megaselia halterata (wood), is the most common insect pest species during april-october. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for eight botanical materials (two commercial neem-based products and six hot-water plant extracts) to control m. halterata populations in three successive growing pe ... | 2009 | 18937217 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of the use of some medicinal herbals against the pathogen aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish. | aeromonas hydrophila is a ubiquitous and opportunistic bacterial pathogen that produces ulcerative dermatitis under stress conditions and inflicts severe losses on global fisheries and fish culture. this study evaluates the antimicrobial potency of aqueous and ethanolic decoction (individual extract) and concoction (mixed extract) of three common medicinal herbs, turmeric curcuma longa, tulsi plant ocimum sanctum, and neem azadirachta indica, against the in vitro growth of a. hydrophila. among t ... | 2008 | 18942593 |
| longitudinal evaluation of ocimum and other plants effects on the feeding behavioral response of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the field in tanzania. | abstract: | 2008 | 18945343 |
| combinatorial chemopreventive effect of azadirachta indica and ocimum sanctum on oxidant-antioxidant status, cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in a rat forestomach carcinogenesis model. | we investigated the combinatorial chemopreventive efficacy of azadirachta indica (ai) and ocimum sanctum (os) against n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng)-induced gastric carcinogenesis, based on changes in oxidant-antioxidant status, cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. | 2008 | 18946617 |
| ultrastructural alteration of larvae and puparia of blow fly chrysomya megacephala (f.) (diptera: calliphoridae) and house fly musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae) exposed to neem extract. | the effect of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, on ultrastructural alteration of larvae and puparia of the blow fly, chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) (diptera: calliphoridae) and house fly, musca domestica (linnaeus) (diptera: muscidae), was investigated in the laboratory by using neem extract containing 0.24% azadirachtin a. larvae of both species exposed to single dipping with the neem product exhibited swelling of the integument in relation to the control as determined by scanning electron m ... | 2008 | 18948881 |
| assessment of antimalarial activity against plasmodium falciparum and phytochemical screening of some yemeni medicinal plants. | developing countries, where malaria is one of the most prevalent diseases, still rely on traditional medicine as a source for the treatment of this disease. in the present study, six selected plants (acalypha fruticosa, azadirachta indica, cissus rotundifolia, echium rauwalfii, dendrosicyos socotrana and boswellia elongata) commonly used in yemen by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria as well as other diseases, were collected from different localities of yemen, dried and extracted w ... | 2009 | 18955251 |
| assessment of skin and eye irritation of 14 products under the stepwise approach of the oecd. | the determination of acute eye and skin irritation is included in international regulatory requirements for the testing of chemicals, because of the possibility of exposure during the production, transport, marketing, and disposal of products. although there have been some advances in the areas of refinement and reduction, no single battery of tests has emerged as being acceptable as a complete replacement for the conventional draize rabbit eye and skin irritation tests. currently, dermal irrita ... | 2008 | 18988087 |
| quality evaluation of co-composted wheat straw, poultry droppings and oil seed cakes. | poultry droppings, neem cake, castor cake, jatropha cake and grass clippings were used separately as organic nitrogen additives to decrease the high c:n ratio of wheat straw. composting was carried out aerobically in presence of fungal consortium developed by including aspergillus awamori, aspergillus nidulans, trichoderma viride and phanerochaete chrysosporium. the degraded product was characterized to assess the technical viability of organic nitrogen supplements as well as fungal consortium i ... | 2009 | 19015937 |
| javanicin, an antibacterial naphthaquinone from an endophytic fungus of neem, chloridium sp. | the endophytic fungus chloridium sp. produces javanicin under liquid and solid media culture conditions. this highly functionalized naphthaquinone exhibits strong antibacterial activity against pseudomonas spp., representing pathogens to both humans and plants. the compound was crystallized and the structure was elucidated by x-ray crystallography. the x-ray structure confirms the previously elucidated structure of the compound that was done under standard spectroscopic methods. the importance o ... | 2009 | 19018591 |
| seasonal variations of airborne pollen in allahabad, india. | using a burkard 7-day volumetric sampler a survey of airborne pollen grains in allahabad was carried out from december 2004--november 2005 to assess the qualitative and quantitative occurrence of pollen grains during different months of the year, and to characterize the pollen seasons of dominant pollen types in the atmosphere of allahabad. 80 pollen types were identified out of the total pollen catch of 3,416.34 pollen grains/m(3). bulk of the pollen originated from anemophilous trees and grass ... | 2008 | 19061265 |
| soil solarization: a safe, affective and practicable technique for the control of soil born fungi and nematodes. | a technique i.e., soil solarization and amendments (neem, chicken farmyard manure, farmyard manure and biokhad viz synthetic bio fertilizer), towards the natural cropping system has been evaluated for its effectiveness and practicability at the national agricultural research center islamabad pakistan. soil solarization and amendments were analyzed as a control measure against soil born fungi and nematodes. eight weeks of solarization resulted in about 11 degrees c increase in the soil temperatur ... | 2007 | 19069986 |
| effect of aqueous extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves on germination and seedling growth of vigna radiata (l.). | this research was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic effect of leaves aqueous extract of azadirachta indica on germination and seedling growth of vigna radiata. different methods were used to preparing leaves aqueous extract. germination percentage and seedling growth of v. radiata significantly decreased gradually as the concentration of the aqueous leaves extracts of a. indica increased in comparison with water control. severe toxicity was observed at high concentrations and moderate tox ... | 2007 | 19090247 |
| potential of azadirachta indica against salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation in balb/c mice. | to evaluate the potential of azadirachta indica leaf extracts against salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation in balb/c mice. | 2009 | 19127350 |
| hiv: a raft-targeting approach for prevention and therapy using plant-derived compounds (review). | it has been widely accepted that hiv-1 enters into and buds out from microdomains known as lipid rafts/caveolae of plasma membranes of infected cells. since lipid rafts are recognized sites for budding and entry of hiv-1, and since lipids in rafts (including composition/dynamic structure) play a crucial role in modulating the functions of raft-associated signaling proteins and receptors, it has been consistently shown that modulating the composition/structure of lipid rafts have influenced the l ... | 2009 | 19149536 |
| laboratory evaluation of the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica (neem) wood chippings on anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes. | azadirachta indica a. juss (the neem tree), a source of limonoid insect growth regulatory (igrs), grows well in many places in sub-saharan africa. we explored the potential of neem wood and bark chippings in malaria vector control by evaluating their aqueous extracts as a larvicide and growth disruptor of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory conditions. immature stages of the mosquito were tested using who guidelines. fifty percent inhibition of adult emergence (ie50) of ... | 2009 | 19198524 |
| [compatibility between aspergillus clavatus (hyphomycetes) and neem oil (azadirachta indica) against the vector mosquito for filarial diseases culex quinquefasciatus (say, 1823) (diptera: culicidae)]. | | 2008 | 19241997 |
| enhanced nematicidal activity of organic and inorganic ammonia-releasing amendments by azadirachta indica extracts. | the nematicidal activities of ammonium sulfate, chicken litter and chitin, alone or in combination with neem (azadirachta indica) extracts were tested against meloidogyne javanica. soil application of these amendments or the neem extracts alone did not reduce the root galling index of tomato plants or did so only slightly, but application of the amendments in combination with the neem extracts reduced root galling significantly. soil analysis indicated that the neem extract inhibited the nitrifi ... | 2007 | 19259469 |
| [control of ornithonyssus sylviarum (canestrini and fanzago, 1877) (acari: macronyssidae) infestation in commercial laying hens by using azadirachta indica extract]. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of a neem extract-based product to control o. sylviarum infestations in commercial laying hens. the birds were divided in 3 groups, which received 2, 3, or 4 applications of the product at 7 day intervals. the results obtained allow the conclusion that the neem extract at 2% is effective to control infestations by o. sylviarum, and at least 3 sprays of the product are required weekly for an effective control of the parasite. | 2008 | 19265573 |
| plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: laboratory efficacy, suppression of meloidogyne javanica in soil, and phytotoxicity assays. | extracts of chinese herbal medicines from plants representing 13 families were tested for their ability to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes. effective concentration (ec(50) and ec(90)) levels for 18 of the extracts were determined in laboratory assays with meloidogyne javanica juveniles and all stages of pratylenchus vulnus. efficacy of 17 extracts was tested against m. javanica in soil. generally, ec(50) and ec(90) values determined in the laboratory were useful indicators for application rat ... | 2002 | 19265919 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein induces perforin-mediated tumor cell killing by t and nk cells through differential regulation of ifngamma signaling. | we have demonstrated augmentation of the cd3-cd56+ natural killer (nk) and cd8+cd56_ t-cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity by neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp). these nk and t cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients with a state of immunosuppression. nlgp induces tcralphabeta-associated cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) reaction to kill oral cancer (kb) cells. this ctl reaction is assisted by nlgp-mediated up-regulation of cd28 on t cells and hla- ... | 2009 | 19307993 |
| inhibition of citrinin production in penicillium citrinum cultures by neem [azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae)]. | the efficacy of different concentrations of aqueous neem leaf extract (3.12 to 50 mg/ml) on growth and citrinin production in three isolates of penicillium citrinum was investigated under laboratory conditions. mycotoxin production by the isolates was suppressed, depending on the concentration of the plant extract added to culture media at the time of spore inoculation. citrinin production in fungal mycelia grown for 21 days in culture media containing 3.12 mg/ml of the aqueous extract of neem l ... | 2008 | 19325825 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation prevents leukocyte apoptosis mediated by cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil treatment in swiss mice. | neem (azadirachta indica) is widely regarded as a wonder tree because of its diverse medicinal applications. we investigated the ability of neem leaf preparation (nlp) to protect against apoptosis of circulating blood cells induced by cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (cis + 5-fu) in carcinoma-bearing mice. | 2009 | 19346744 |
| [morphology of the alimentary canal of spodoptera frugiperda (j e smith) larvae (lepidoptera: noctuidae) fed on neem-treated leaves]. | research involving plants with insecticide activity evolved significantly in the last decades. among these plants, the neem tree, azadirachta indica, is commonly used against several insects, mainly lepidoptera. the neem efficiency depends on the target insect and on the concentration used. a barrier against potential toxic agents ingested together with the food is the alimentary canal. thus, this research aimed to describe the histology of the alimentary canal of spodoptera frugiperda (j e smit ... | 2009 | 19347100 |
| antifertility potential of neem flower extract on adult female sprague-dawley rats. | the search for a relatively cheap, widely available, widely accepted and effective contraceptive of plant origin; that is equally non-invasive in administration, non-hormonal in action, non-toxic and that is relatively long-acting, generated our interest in this study (in order to meet the increasing need for population control). the aim of this study was to determine the effects of alcoholic extract of neem flowers on the estrous cycle, ovulation, fertility and foetal morphology of cyclic adult ... | 2008 | 19357745 |
| effect of methanolic extract of neem leaf (azadirachta indica) on ovarian histology and hormonal milleu. | extract of neem leaves is commonly consumed as an antimalarial therapy. | 2008 | 19391318 |
| chemoprevention of rat mammary carcinogenesis by azadirachta indica leaf fractions: modulation of hormone status, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and apoptosis. | we evaluated the chemopreventive potential of the ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) and methanolic fraction (mf) of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. estradiol and estrogen receptor status, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities, redox status, dna and protein modifications, and the expression of cell proliferation, and apoptosis related proteins in the mammary gland and liver were used as biomarkers of chemoprevention. admin ... | 2009 | 19427891 |
| apparent adverse reactions to neem (margosa) oil in cats. | | 2009 | 19429937 |
| acaricidal activity of four fractions and octadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester isolated from chloroform extracts of neem (azadirachta indica) oil against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro. | four fractions obtained from chloroform extracts of neem (azadirachta indica) oil by column chromatography were investigated for acaricidal activity against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro. octadecanoic acid-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl ester was isolated from an active fraction of the chloroform extract and its toxicity against s. scabiei larvae was tested in vitro. a complementary log-log model was used to analyse the toxicity data. activity was found in the third fraction, with 10 ... | 2009 | 19443124 |
| the neem limonoids azadirachtin and nimbolide inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in an animal model of oral oncogenesis. | limonoids from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have attracted considerable research attention for their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. however, the antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of neem limonoids have not been tested in animal tumour models. the present study was therefore designed to evaluate the relative chemopreventive potential of the neem limonoids azadirachtin and nimbolide in the hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis model by analyzing the expressi ... | 2010 | 19458912 |
| larvicidal activity of neem oil (azadirachta indica) formulation against mosquitoes. | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides of botanical origin have been reported as useful for control of mosquitoes. azadirachta indica (meliaceae) and its derived products have shown a variety of insecticidal properties. the present paper discusses the larvicidal activity of n ... | 2009 | 19500429 |
| bioefficacy of some plant derivatives that protect grain against the pulse beetle, callosobruchus maculatus. | experiments were conducted to study the bioefficacies of different plant/weed derivatives that affect the development of the pulse beetle, callosobruchus maculates f. (coleoptera: bruchidae) fed on black gram, vigna mungo, seeds. plant extracts, powder, ash and oil from nishinda (vitex negundo l.), eucalyptus (eucalyptus globules labill.), bankalmi (ipomoea sepiaria k.), neem (azadirachta indica l.), safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.), sesame (sesamum indicum l.) and bablah (acacia arabica l.) ... | 2006 | 19537990 |
| comparative efficacy of annona squamosa and azadirachta indica extracts against boophilus microplus izatnagar isolate. | in the search of developing herbal acaricides, eight medicinal plants were screened for their efficacy against boophilus microplus, the widely distributed tick species in india. of the seven extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the annona squamosa seed showed very high level of efficacy (70.8%) after 24 h of treatment. the effect of treatment on oviposition of the survived ticks was also assessed, and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the reproductive index was noted in comparison t ... | 2009 | 19557436 |
| management of corm-rot disease of gladiolus by plant extracts. | a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of six plant species, namely azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem), alstonia scholaris (l.) r. br., lawsonia alba lam., allium cepa l., a. sativum l. and zingiber officinale roscoe, and a systemic fungicide carbendazim 50% (w/w) wp, to manage the corm-rot disease of gladiolus (gladiolus grandiflorus l.) caused by a fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (massey) snyd. & hans. fusarium inoculation showed 80% disea ... | 2010 | 19557652 |
| antimicrobial efficacy of various disinfecting solutions in reducing the contamination of the toothbrush -- a comparative study. | contaminated toothbrushes may play a role in the transmission of local or systemic diseases. as modern dentistry emphasises prevention and infection control, toothbrushes should be correctly stored, disinfected and changed at regular intervals. | 2009 | 19583039 |
| supplemental control of lepidopterous pests on bt transgenic sweet corn with biologically-based spray treatments. | biologically-based spray treatments, including nucleopolyhedroviruses, neem, and spinosad, were evaluated as supplemental controls for the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), on transgenic sweet corn, zea mays (l.) (poales: poaceae), expressing a cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) (bt). overall, transgenic corn supported lower densities of both pests than did nontransgeni ... | 2009 | 19611255 |
| innate immune response and disease resistance in carassius auratus by triherbal solvent extracts. | this study reports the effect of aqueous, ethanol and methanol triherbal solvent extract from azadirachta indica, ocimum sanctum and curcuma longa on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, respiratory burst activity, alternative complement activity and lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish (carassius auratus) against aeromonas hydrophila. fish were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of 0, 5, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) body weight of each triherbal solvent e ... | 2009 | 19616631 |
| mutagenic screening of some commonly used medicinal plants in nigeria. | the uses of medicinal plants have always been part of human culture. the world health organization estimates that up to 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicinal system for some aspect of primary health care. however, there are few reports on the toxicological properties of most medicinal plants especially, their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. therefore, this research is to determine the mutagenic potentials of morinda lucida [oruwo (root)], azadirachta indica [dongoyaro ( ... | 2009 | 19619631 |
| studies on the production of actinomycin-d by streptomyces griseoruber--a novel source. | to isolate and characterize bioactive metabolites produced by a micro-organism isolated from a soil sample associated with the roots of a medicinal plant, azadirachta indica. | 2009 | 19674292 |
| in vitro efficacy of byemite and mite-stop on developmental stages of the red chicken mite dermanyssus gallinae. | the present in vitro study shows the efficacy of two antimite products (byemite = phoxim, mite-stop = neem seed extract) against all developing stages of the important red chicken mite dermanyssus gallinae (obtained at two farms in france and germany). while permanent contact with the active compound led to an efficacy of 100% in the case of mite-stop on mites in both farms, there was only a 96.2% killing effect of byemite on the mites of the french farm. even short contacts of only 4 s killed 1 ... | 2009 | 19680689 |
| neem-tree (azadirachta indica juss.) extract as a feed additive against the american dog tick (dermacentor variabilis) in sheep (ovis aries). | acaricides can be conveyed to ticks via the blood of their hosts. as fruit and kernel extracts from the meliaceae family, and, in particular the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin (aza) inhibits tick egg production and embryogenesis in the ixodidae ticks, we investigated the effects of neem azal, an extract containing 43% aza, given as a feed additive to lambs artificially infested with engorging adult dermacentor vairiabilis ticks. after tick attachment, the lambs were allotted to three dietary ... | 2009 | 19716235 |
| microbacterium azadirachtae sp. nov., a plant-growth-promoting actinobacterium isolated from the rhizoplane of neem seedlings. | microbacterium strain ai-s262(t) was isolated from the rhizoplane of neem seedlings in the botanical garden of tamilnadu agricultural university, coimbatore, india, and subjected to phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic characterization. cells of this strain were gram-stain-positive, motile, non-spore-forming, short rods and formed light-yellow-pigmented colonies on nutrient agar. strain ai-s262(t) contained mk-12 and mk-13 as the main respiratory quinones, anteiso-c(15 : 0), anteiso-c(17 : 0) ... | 2010 | 19734284 |
| effect of commercially available plant-derived essential oil products on arthropod pests. | plant-derived essential oil products, in general, are considered minimum-risk pesticides and are exempt from environmental protection agency registration under section 25(b) of the federal insecticide fungicide and rodenticide act. however, many of the plant-derived essential products available to consumers (homeowners) have not been judiciously evaluated for both efficacy and plant safety. in fact, numerous plant-derived essential oil products labeled for control of arthropod pests have not bee ... | 2009 | 19736770 |
| antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of dihar, a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. | present investigation was undertaken to evaluate antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of dihar, a polyherbal formulation containing drugs from eight different herbs viz., syzygium cumini, momordica charantia, emblica officinalis, gymnema sylvestre, enicostemma littorale, azadirachta indica, tinospora cordifolia and curcuma longa in streptozotocin (stz, 45 mg/kg iv single dose) induced type 1 diabetic rats. stz produced a significant increase in serum glucose, choleste ... | 2009 | 19761040 |
| [potential of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana isolates and neem oil to control the aphid lipaphis erysimi (kalt.) (hemiptera: aphididae)]. | this work aimed to determine the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to control the aphid lipaphis erysimi (kalt.) (hemiptera: aphididae) in kale brassica oleracea var acephala d.c., as well as their compatibility with a neem oil formulation (neemseto). ten isolates of both fungi were tested and the most pathogenic ones were b. bassiana cg001 and m. anisopliae cg30 with 90% and 4.4 days, and 64% and 3.8 days of mortality and median lethal time, ... | 2009 | 19768273 |
| effect of neem (azadirchta indica) on serum glycoprotein contents of rats administered 1,2 dimethylhydrazine. | the present study was designed to investigate the effects of aqueous azadirchta indica leaf extract (aaile) on serum glycoprotein contents and tumor incidence rate in colon of rats subjected to dimethylhydrazine (dmh) treatment. forty rats were divided equally and randomly into four groups viz., group i (normal control), group ii (dmh-treated), group iii (aaile) and group iv (dmh + aaile treated). group ii and iv animals were injected subcutaneously every week with dmh (30 mg/kg b.wt.) for two d ... | 2009 | 19778220 |
| melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive effects of limonoids from the seeds of azadirachta indicia a. juss. (neem). | thirty-one nortriterpenoids, including 28 limonoids (1-28) and 3 degraded limonoids (29-31), and one diterpenoid (32), were isolated from the seed extract of azadirachta indica (neem). among these, six were new compounds and their structures were established to be 15-hydroxyazadiradione (3), 7-benzoyl-17-hydroxynimbocinol (5), 23-deoxyazadironolide (12), limocin e (13), 23-epilimocin e (14), and 7alpha-acetoxy-3-oxoisocopala-1,13-dien-15-oic acid (32). upon evaluation of compounds 1-32 on the me ... | 2009 | 19844073 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) and chinaberry (melia azedarach l.) oils as repellents against phlebotomus orientalis and p. bergeroti (diptera: psychodidae) in ethiopia. | the study evaluated the efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) and chinaberry (melia azedarach l.) seed oils as repellents against laboratory and field populations of some sandflies in ethiopia. in the laboratory, concentrations of 2% and 5% neem oil in coconut oil tested against phlebotomus orientalis (vector of visceral leishmaniasis) provided 96.28% (95% ci=95.60-96.97) protection up to a mean time of 7h and 20 min and 98.26% (95% ci=93.46-104. 07) protection up to 9h, respectively. s ... | 2010 | 19854142 |
| effect of neem (azardirachta indica a. juss) seeds and leaves extract on some plant pathogenic fungi. | in this study plant pathogenic fungi alternaria solani, fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani and sclerotinia sclerotiorum were chosen to study the effect of ethanolic, hexane and methanolic extracts of neem seeds and leaves. antifungal effects of neem leave and seed extracts obtained by ethanol, hexane and ptrolium ether were examined separately in vitro against fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani, alternaria solani and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. results indicated that seeds and leaves extra ... | 2009 | 19947185 |
| in vivo anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica a. juss seeds against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. | this paper describes the in vivo anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica seeds to justify their use in south-asia by traditional animal healers. seeds of a. indica were administered as crude powder (cp), crude aqueous (cae) and crude methanolic extracts (cme) at the doses of 1 and 3g/kg of body weight to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. the study design also included untreated as well as treated controls. faecal egg count reduction and larval counts ... | 2010 | 19963323 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein matures myeloid derived dendritic cells and optimizes anti-tumor t cell functions. | in an objective to find out an effective, nontoxic dendritic cell (dc) maturating agent for human use, cd14(+) monocytes were differentiated with gmcsf/il-4 and matured with neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp). nlgp matured dcs (nlgp-dcs) show upregulated expression of cd83, cd80, cd86, cd40 and mhcs, in a comparable extent of control, lps. nlgp-dcs secrete high amount of il-12p70 with low il-10. nlgp upregulates the expression of crucial transcription factor, ikaros, indicating maturation towards dc1 ... | 2010 | 19969119 |
| azadirachtin interacts with the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) binding domain of its receptors and inhibits tnf-induced biological responses. | the role of azadirachtin, an active component of a medicinal plant neem (azadirachta indica), on tnf-induced cell signaling in human cell lines was investigated. azadirachtin blocks tnf-induced activation of nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) and also expression of nf-kappab-dependent genes such as adhesion molecules and cyclooxygenase 2. azadirachtin inhibits the inhibitory subunit of nf-kappab (ikappab alpha) phosphorylation and thereby its degradation and rela (p65) nuclear translocation. it b ... | 2010 | 20018848 |
| biosynthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus aspergillus clavatus. | to induce the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aspergillus clavatus and evaluate their antimicrobial potential. | 2010 | 20025462 |
| [plant extracts in control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) in laboratory]. | plant extracts were studied to evaluate its efficiency in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) in laboratory. engorged female ticks were collected from the cattle, kept in petri dishes. organic alcoholic extracts 2% (weight/volume) were used: seeds of annona muricata l. (annonaceae) (soursop); flowers of syzygium malaccensis (l.) (myrtaceae) (iamb), leaves of cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf (poaceae) (holy grass), leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) ... | 2009 | 20040208 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of neem (azardirachta indica l.) bark extract against herpes simplex virus type-1 infection. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) causes significant health problems from periodical skin and corneal lesions to encephalitis. we report here that an aqueous extract preparation from the barks of neem plant azardirachta indica acts as a potent entry inhibitor against hsv-1 infection into natural target cells. the neem bark extract (nbe) significantly blocked hsv-1 entry into cells at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 microg/ml. the blocking activity of nbe was observed when the extract was ... | 2010 | 20041417 |
| antibacterial applications of silver nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves. | silver nanoparticles are known to have bactericidal effects. a new generation of dressings incorporating antimicrobial agents like silver nanoparticles is being formulated to reduce or prevent infections. the particles can be incorporated in materials and cloth rendering them sterile. recently, it was found that aqueous silver ions can be reduced by aqueous extract of plant parts to generate extremely stable silver nanoparticles in water. apart from being environmentally friendly process, use of ... | 2009 | 20055111 |
| [activity of neem extract on the embryonary development of ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835) (siphonaptera: pulicidae)]. | the present study had as objective to evaluate the activity of limonoid azadiractin, extracted of the seeds of the plant azadirachta indica, neem, on the embryonary development of ctenocephalides felis felis. a dog was sprayed with the formulation 10%, another dog was kept as control, without treatment. both had been infested weekly with 600 fleas, in the ratio of 1:1 between males and females. the deriving positions of the infestations had been incubate per seven days in assay pipes, and evalua ... | 2008 | 20059823 |
| toxicity and potential anti-trypanosomal activity of ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica (maliacea) stem bark: an in vivo and in vitro approach using trypanosoma brucei. | to determine the toxicity and anti-trypanosomal activity of the ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica (maliacea) stem bark, through in vivo and in vitro approach using trypanosoma brucei brucei. | 2010 | 20079420 |
| assessment of air pollution tolerance index of some trees in moradabad city, india. | to see the relative tolerance of the plant species, ten different plant species i.e. ficus rumphii, pongamia pinnata, alstonia scholaris, holoptelea integrifolia, saraca indica, pithecolobium dulcis, cassia simea, bauhinia variegata, azadirachta indica and grewelia robusta was taken from residential (si), industrial (sii) and commercial (siii) area of the city as this florais very much common to the brass city and is planted on the roadside. the quality of air with respect to spm, so2 and no2 ha ... | 2009 | 20120494 |
| phytotherapy of ulcerative dermatitis induced by aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish ( carassius auratus ). | goldfish ( carassius auratus ) weighing 13 +/- 2 g were administered intramuscularly a sublethal dose (1.8 x 10 3 cfu/ml) of aeromonas hydrophila to induce ulcerative dermatitis. on day 3 and day 6 after infection the fish were dip-treated (for 5 min/day) with a tri-herbal concoction of curcuma longa, ocimum sanctum and azadirachta indica (1%). the ld 50 value was recorded at a concentration of 2.3 x 10 4 between 30 and 36 days after infection. in the infected untreated group the cumulative mort ... | 2010 | 20159736 |
| transmission blocking activity of a standardized neem (azadirachta indica) seed extract on the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in its vector anopheles stephensi. | the wide use of gametocytocidal artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) lead to a reduction of plasmodium falciparum transmission in several african endemic settings. an increased impact on malaria burden may be achieved through the development of improved transmission-blocking formulations, including molecules complementing the gametocytocidal effects of artemisinin derivatives and/or acting on plasmodium stages developing in the vector. azadirachtin, a limonoid (tetranortriterpenoid) abund ... | 2010 | 20196858 |
| ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of eastern rajasthan, india. | the study was conducted in eastern parts of rajasthan from march 2008 to february 2009 to identify the important species used; determine the relative importance of the species surveyed and calculate the informant consensus factor (icf) in relation to medicinal plant use. methodology or material and methods: a total of 844 villagers (486 men and 358 women) were interviewed using specimen display method and a forest walk with interviewee and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the k ... | 2010 | 20214972 |
| medicinal properties of fractionated acetone/water neem [azadirachta indica] leaf extract from nigeria: a review. | the global scenario is now supporting the development of modern drugs from less toxic plant products with proven medicinal properties. each part of neem plant [azadirachta indica a. juss] reportedly have various medicinal properties and has been in use in many continents for centuries. recently, a fractionated neem-leaf extract known as irab with reported activities against malaria, hiv/aids and cancer has been developed into a drug and currently marketed in nigeria as iracap. this paper reviews ... | 2009 | 20234757 |
| the preparation of neem oil microemulsion (azadirachta indica) and the comparison of acaricidal time between neem oil microemulsion and other formulations in vitro. | the preparation of neem oil microemulsion and its acaricidal activity in vitro was developed in this study. in these systems, the mixture of tween-80 and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs) (4:1, by weight) was used as compound surfactant; the mixture of compound surfactant and hexyl alcohol (4:1, by weight) was used as emulsifier system; the mixture of neem oil, emulsifier system and water (1:3.5:5.5, by weight) was used as neem oil microemulsion. all the mixtures were stired in 800 rpm ... | 2010 | 20304561 |
| antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against pathogens causing complicated urinary tract infections. | seventeen indian folklore medicinal plants were investigated to evaluate antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts against 66 multidrug resistant isolates of major urinary tract pathogens (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecalis) by disc diffusion method. ethanol extract of zingiber officinale and punica granatum showed strong antibacterial activity against escherichia coli. ethanol extracts of terminalia chebula and ocimum ... | 2009 | 20336211 |
| isolation and identification of the antibacterial active compound from petroleum ether extract of neem oil. | from a petroleum ether extract of neem oil (azadirachta indica a. juss) the new tetrahydrofuranyl diester 1 was isolated as an anti-bacterial constituent. 1 showed significant activities against three standard bacterial strains, including staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, escherichia coli atcc 25922 and salmonella enteritidis cmcc (b) 50041. | 2010 | 20362038 |
| [action of extract and oil neem in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) in laboratory]. | organic plant extracts and emulsified oil of azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) (neem) were studied to evaluate its effects in control of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) in the laboratory. hexane and alcoholic organic extracts, 2% (weight/volume) were used in tests of immersion for 5 minutes, prepared with seeds, solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) to 1%. the experiment was entirely randomized, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates, each r ... | 2010 | 20385059 |
| heavy metal bioaccumulation in selected medicinal plants collected from khetri copper mines and comparison with those collected from fertile soil in haridwar, india. | heavy metal distribution in medicinal plants is gaining importance not only as an alternative medicine, but also for possible concern due to effects of metal toxicity. the present study has been focused on emphasizing the heavy metal status and bioaccumulation factors of v, mn, fe, co, cu, zn, se (essential metals) and cr, ni, cd, as and pb (potentially toxic metals) in medicinal plants grown under two different environmental conditions e.g., near to khetri copper mine and those in fertile soils ... | 2010 | 20390948 |
| in vitro and field studies on the contact and fumigant toxicity of a neem-product (mite-stop) against the developmental stages of the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae. | the acaricidal activity of the neem product mitestop was investigated for its potential use as a botanical acaricide for the control of the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae. this neem product is a special formulation of an extract of the seeds of the neem tree azadirachta indica a. juss. the efficacy was tested under laboratory conditions as well as in poultry houses. four different methods of application were used in a filter paper bioassay to evaluate contact and vapour phase toxicity tes ... | 2010 | 20424858 |
| assessment of antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity of selected malaysian plants. | thirteen malaysian plants; artocarpus champeden, azadirachta indica, fragaria x ananassa, garcinia mangostana, lawsonia inermis, mangifera indica, nephelium lappaceum, nephelium mutobile, peltophorum pterocarpum, psidium guajava and syzygium aqueum, selected for their use in traditional medicine, were subjected to a variety of assays. antioxidant capability, total phenolic content, elemental composition, as well as it cytotoxity to several cell lines of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from di ... | 2010 | 20428033 |
| the neem limonoids azadirachtin and nimbolide induce cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer (hela) cells. | limonoids from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have attracted considerable research attention in recent years owing to their potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. the present study was designed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which azadirachtin and nimbolide exert cytotoxic effects in the human cervical cancer (hela) cell line. both azadirachtin and nimbolide significantly suppressed the viability of hela cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell c ... | 2010 | 20429769 |
| the efficacy of neem seed extracts (tre-san, mitestop on a broad spectrum of pests and parasites. | the paper summarizes the acaricidal and insecticidal effects of a patented neem seed extract when diluted 1:10 with shampoo or 1:20, 1:30, 1:33, 1:40, respectively, 1:66 with tap water. it was shown that a broad range of pests and parasites, such as house dust mites, poultry mites, harvest mites, ixodes and rhipicephalus ticks, cat fleas (adults, larvae), bed bugs (all stages), head lice and mallophaga, cockroaches (genera blatta, blattella, gomphadorhina), raptor bugs (triatoma), and even food- ... | 2010 | 20461406 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein enhances carcinoembryonic antigen presentation of dendritic cells to t and b cells for induction of anti-tumor immunity by allowing generation of immune effector/memory response. | vaccination with neem leaf glycoprotein matured carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) pulsed dendritic cells (dcs) enhances antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity against cea and restricts the growth of cea(+) murine tumors. nlgp helps better cea uptake, processing and presentation to t/b cells. this vaccination (dcnlgpcea) elicits mitogen induced and cea specific t cell proliferation, ifn gamma secretion and induces specific cytotoxic reactions to cea(+) colon tumor cells. in addition to t cel ... | 2010 | 20472099 |
| toxicity of neem seed oil against the larvae of boophilus decoloratus, a one-host tick in cattle. | the in vitro toxicity of neem seed oil (azadirachta indica a. juss, family: meliaceae, dogon yaro in hausa language in nigeria) was tested against the larvae of a one-host tick, boophilus decoloratus (family: ixodidae or hard tick, commonly known as blue tick) parasitic mainly to cattle generally found in savannas of tropical equatorial africa. the 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% concentrations of neem seed oil were found to kill all (100% mortality) the larvae after 27, 27, 27, 27 and 24 h respectively ... | 2009 | 20502579 |
| effect of treatment with neem (azadirachta indica) compared with baycox drug on the caecum of chicken experimentally infected with eimeria tenella. | the study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of neem herb in chicken experimentally infected with e. tenella compared to baycox as a reference anticoccidial drug. 120 broiler chicks were enrolled, randomly divided to 4 groups, (a, b, c & d) non-infected non-treated (naïve control), (b) infected with 10(4) e. tenella oocysts (infected control), (c) infected and treated with baycox (7 mg/kg b.w. for 2 days) and (d) infected and treated with neem leaves water extract (100 mg/kg b.w. for 9 days). ev ... | 2010 | 20503590 |
| fecal glucocorticoids as indicators of metabolic stress in female sykes' monkeys (cercopithecus mitis albogularis). | because of their mediating role in the stress response and potential effects on fitness, glucocorticoid (gc) hormones are increasingly used to assess the physiological costs of environmental and behavioral variation among wild vertebrates. identifying the proximate causes of gc variation, however, is complicated by simultaneous exposure to multiple potentially stressful stimuli. here, we use data from a partially provisioned social group of sykes' monkeys to evaluate the effects of potential psy ... | 2010 | 20540944 |
| light and scanning electron microscopic investigations on mitestop-treated poultry red mites. | recent studies of the neem seed product mitestop showed that it has a good acaricidal effect against all developmental stages of the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae. in vitro tests proved an efficacy at direct contact, as well as by fumigant toxicity. light and scanning electron microscopic (sem) investigations showed no clear, morphologically visible signs of an effect caused by fumigant toxicity. direct contact with the neem product, however, seemed to be of great impact. chicken mites ... | 2010 | 20563823 |
| selective effects of natural and synthetic insecticides on mortality of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and its predator eriopis connexa (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a serious pest of corn in several american countries. it is mainly controlled with synthetic insecticides. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the natural products, neem oil and pyroligneous extract, and the synthetic insecticide, lufenuron, at 2.50 ml water (0.25%) on the mortality of 2-, 4- and 6-day-old caterpillars of s. frugiperda, and their selectivities against fourth instar larvae of eriopis connnexa germar ... | 2010 | 20603748 |
| restoration of dysregulated cc chemokine signaling for monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients by neem leaf glycoprotein maximizes tumor cell cytotoxicity. | previous studies have shown that the cc chemokine receptor ccr5 is downregulated on monocyte/macrophage (mo/mphi) surfaces in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) patients (stage iiib). ligands (rantes, mip-1alpha and mip-1beta) of this chemokine receptor were also secreted in lesser quantity from mo/mphi of hnscc patients in comparison with healthy individuals. in an aim to restore this dysregulated receptor-ligand signaling, we have used neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp), a novel immunomo ... | 2010 | 20622890 |
| anti-clastogenic activity of azadirachta indica against benzo(a)pyrene in murine forestomach tumorigenesis bioassay. | abstract: present study evaluated the anti-clastogenic efficacy of azadirchta indica (a. indica) against benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p] in murine forestomach tumorigenesis bioassay protocol. female balb/c mice were divided into four groups (n = 8). each mouse from b(a)p and b(a)p + a. indica groups received intragastric instillations of b(a)p at a dose of 40 mg/kg b. w. in 0.2 ml olive oil twice a week, starting from 3rd week to the end of 6th week of the experiment. mice of control and a. indica groups ... | 2010 | 20635534 |
| deoxygedunin, a natural product with potent neurotrophic activity in mice. | gedunin, a family of natural products from the indian neem tree, possess a variety of biological activities. here we report the discovery of deoxygedunin, which activates the mouse trkb receptor and its downstream signaling cascades. deoxygedunin is orally available and activates trkb in mouse brain in a bdnf-independent way. strikingly, it prevents the degeneration of vestibular ganglion in bdnf -/- pups. moreover, deoxygedunin robustly protects rat neurons from cell death in a trkb-dependent m ... | 2010 | 20644624 |
| deleterious activity of natural products on postures of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the control of lepidoptera pests should be carried out before hatching of their caterpillars to avoid damage to the crops. the aim of this work was to assess the activity of neem (trade name: natuneem, producer: base fértil, chapadão do sul, brazil) and pyroligneous extracts (trade name: biopirol 7m, producer: biocarbo, itabirito, brazil) at 10 ml/l (1%) and 20 ml/l (2%) contents on egg masses of different ages of spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and of diatraea saccharalis f ... | 2010 | 20653245 |
| azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) induced morphological changes on oocytes of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) tick females. | many studies have been conducted with plants whose extracts have the potential to be used for pest control. one of these plants is azadirachta indica (neem), whose main active ingredient is azadirachtin, a compound shown to have acaricide and insecticide activity. rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) is currently considered to be an "urban pest," because of its high levels of infestation and its ability to attack humans. in the present study partially and fully engorged r. sanguineus female ... | 2010 | 20685201 |
| utilisation of priority traditional medicinal plants and local people's knowledge on their conservation status in arid lands of kenya (mwingi district). | mwingi district lies within the kenyan arid and semiarid lands (asals) in eastern province. although some ethnobotanical surveys have been undertaken in some arid and semiarid areas of kenya, limited studies have documented priority medicinal plants as well as local people's awareness of conservation needs of these plants. this study sought to establish the priority traditional medicinal plants used for human, livestock healthcare, and those used for protecting stored grains against pest infesta ... | 2010 | 20712897 |
| biochemical changes in plant leaves as a biomarker of pollution due to anthropogenic activity. | the air pollution due to anthropogenic activities seriously affected human life, vegetation, and heritage as well. the vegetation cover in and around the city mitigates the air pollution by acting as a sink for pollution. an attempt was made to evaluate biochemical changes occurred in four selected plant species, namely azadirachta indica, mangifera indica, delonix regia, and cassia fistula of residential, commercial, and industrial areas of nagpur city in india. it was observed that the correla ... | 2011 | 20721619 |
| water-extracted polysaccharides from azadirachta indica leaves: structural features, chemical modification and anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) activity. | in this study, we have analyzed the pectic arabinogalactan isolated from azadirachta indica and its chemically sulfated derivative. the native polysaccharide had an apparent molecular mass of 80 kda and is made up of (1→5)-/(1→3,5)-linked α-l-arabinosyl, (1→3)-/(1→6)-/(1→3,6)-linked β-d-galactosyl, and terminal-rhamnosyl and α-l-arabinosyl residues. these macromolecules showed activity against bovine herpesvirus type-1. their inhibitory concentration 50% values ranging from 31.12 to 105.25 μg/ml ... | 2010 | 20732349 |
| chemopreventive activity of azadirachta indica on two-stage skin carcinogenesis in murine model. | the present study reports the chemopreventive activity of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) in a murine two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) (500 nmol/100 µl for 2 weeks) followed by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) (1.7 nmol/100 µl of acetone, twice weekly) as a promoter. male laca mice were divided into four groups: control, dmba/tpa, aaile and aaile + dmba/tpa. aaile was administer ... | 2011 | 20734334 |
| ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of medicinal plants of sariska region, rajasthan, india. | the study was conducted in sariska region of rajasthan, india to identify the important species used for ethno-veterinary medicine; finding out methods for various ethno-veterinary medicine preparations, and calculate the informant consensus factor (icf) in relation to medicinal plant use. | 2011 | 20817085 |
| alternative control of tetranychus evansi baker & pritchard (acari: tetranychidae) on tomato plants grown in greenhouses. | tetranychus evansi baker & pritchard is an important pest of solanaceous plants, including tomatoes. this mite is characterized by a high reproductive rate, which leads to high population growth in a short period of time causing important economic damage. control of t. evansi is mainly through synthetic acaricides. in searching for environmentally friendly control measures, we evaluated the efficiency of alternative products to control t. evansi on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. the ... | 2010 | 20878004 |
| identification of a sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride from azadirachta indica and studies on its cytotoxic activity and dna binding properties. | chromatographic separation of the methanolic extract of the leaves of azadirachta indica led to the isolation of a sulfonoglycolipid characterized as a sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (sqdg), by extensive 2d nmr and mass spectral analysis. sqdg induces apoptosis in a dose dependent manner with ic(50) 8.3 μm against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) molt-4 cell lines. the compound showed significant dna binding properties as evidenced by the enhancement of melting temperature and perturbation o ... | 2010 | 20932749 |
| primary tuberculosis of oral cavity: a rare entity revisited. | oral lesions of tuberculosis though uncommon, are seen both in the primary as well as the secondary stages of the disease. in secondary tuberculosis, the oral manifestations are accompanied by lesions in the lung, lymph nodes, or any other organ system of the body. this can be detected by the usual clinical history and systemic examination. primary oral tuberculosis may thus present as a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. amongst the oral lesions also, tongue is the usual site for tubercular ... | 2010 | 21063810 |
| leishmania donovani: assessment of leishmanicidal effects of herbal extracts obtained from plants in the visceral leishmaniasis endemic area of bihar, india. | one obstacle faced in the effective control of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is the limited number of available treatment options. furthermore, control efforts have been hindered further by the emergence of leishmania resistance to many of the available drugs. in this study, we investigated the anti-leishmanial properties of 30 medicinally important plants from the vl endemic area of bihar, india and compared them to two available anti-leishmanial drugs (sodium antimony gluconate and amphotericin ... | 2010 | 21070771 |
| the effects of different plant extracts on nematodes. | the anthelminthic efficacy of some differently obtained extracts of several plants was tested in vivo in laboratory animals and in vitro. the extracts were obtained by ethanolic, methanolic, aqueous, or chloroform, respectively, acetonitrile polyethylenglycol (peg) and/or propylencarbonate (pc) elution at room temperature or at 37°c. the plants used were bulbs of onions, garlic, chives, coconut, birch tree, ananas, cistrose, banana, chicory, date palm fruit, fig, pumpkin, and neem tree seeds. th ... | 2010 | 21110041 |
| [effects of tomato genotypes and aqueous extracts of melia azedarach leaves and azadirachta indica seeds on tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae)]. | insecticide plants are an important tool among the new alternatives for pest control in ipm systems because they reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, preserving human health and the environment. we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of melia azedarach leaves and azadirachta indica seeds and three tomato genotypes, 'santa clara', 'ipa-5'--solanum lycopersicum (=lycopersicon esculentum mill), and la444-1--s. peruvianum (=l. peruvianum), on the development, reproduction and longevity ... | 2010 | 21120389 |
| azadirachtin interacts with retinoic acid receptors and inhibits retinoic acid-mediated biological responses. | considering the role of retinoids in regulation of more than 500 genes involved in cell cycle and growth arrest, a detailed understanding of the mechanism and its regulation is useful for therapy. the extract of the medicinal plant neem (azadirachta indica) is used against several ailments especially for anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, spermicidal, anticancer, and insecticidal activities. in this report we prove the detailed mechanism on the regulation of retinoic acid-mediated cell signaling b ... | 2010 | 21127062 |