| [effects of half-sized secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and chinese traditional medicines, yokuinin and mao-bushi-saishin-to, on therapeutic efficacies of benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648 against mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice]. | we examined the effects of such drugs having anti-inflammatory activity as half-sized secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (1/2 slpi) and chinese traditional medicines, yokuinin (yok) and mao-bushi-saishin-to (mbst), on therapeutic efficacies of benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648 against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection induced in mice, since it is possible that these agents inhibit the increase in tissue levels of immunosuppressive cytokines due to mac infection. first, zymosan a-induce ... | 1998 | 9780605 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with and without aids in brazil and england. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is ubiquitous throughout the world. it is an opportunistic pathogen in aids patients but the number of cases in hiv negative patients is also increasing. the aim of this study was to determine whether patients were being infected with different mac strains or whether one strain was dominant. dna obtained from isolates in brazil and england were compared using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). strains from 22 brazilian patients clustered into 7 groups but ... | 1999 | 10459647 |
| clarithromycin resistance and susceptibility patterns of mycobacterium avium strains isolated during prophylaxis for disseminated infection in patients with aids. | a randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin in the prevention of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in patients with aids; special attention was given to the development of clarithromycin resistance. the median time to documented mac bacteremia was 199 days for placebo-treated patients, 217 days for clarithromycin-treated patients infected with clarithromycin-susceptible mac, and 385 days for clarithromycin-treated patient ... | 1998 | 9798037 |
| mycobacterium avium complex common-source or cross-infection in aids patients attending the same day-care facility. | to delineate the epidemiology of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, we studied 32 case patients with disseminated mac infection who attended the same daycare facility during a period of 13 months. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed very low similarity between mac strains, suggesting that, despite close contacts between the patients, nosocomial cross-transmission or exposure to a common source of mac did not occur. | 1998 | 9801289 |
| mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in aids patients requiring mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis. | the intracellular dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in aids patients requiring mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prophylaxis were studied. the dispositions of both drugs in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were markedly different. our data support the proven efficacy of these agents for mac prophylaxis since clarithromycin and azithromycin displayed sustained intracellular concentrations which exceeded their mics for mac throughout the dosing periods. | 1999 | 10471584 |
| prolonged fever due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in advanced hiv infection: a public health concern. | from march 1997 to june 1998, infectious etiologies of prolonged fever was prospectively investigated in 104 advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients admitted to siriraj hospital. the etiology could be identified in 91 cases (87.5%). of these, blood cultures from 68 patients yielded mycobacteria and fungi. mycobacterium avium complex was the most common blood isolate in 24 per cent of the patients; followed by mycobacterium tuberculosis in 20.2 per cent, cryptococcus neoform ... | 1998 | 9803090 |
| changing conditions and treatments in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory hiv patients: the hiv outpatient study (hops). | most hiv-infected persons are now treated as ambulatory patients. obtaining continually updated data about these patients' changing conditions, therapies, and reimbursement is essential to health care provision and planning. the systematic tracking of patient medical and laboratory information in an ongoing commercial data collection program (the health research network) allows clinicians to better understand health outcomes, practice patterns, and epidemiologic trends for their patients. | 1999 | 10475534 |
| c-reactive protein levels in hiv complicated by opportunistic infections and infections with common bacterial pathogens. | in order to determine the pattern of c-reactive protein (crp) concentrations in hiv-infected patients with various other infections, we conducted a prospective study (for the period 1990-91) of all hiv-seropositive patients hospitalized with fever and a retrospective study (for the period 1990-95) of all patients infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). samples from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and sites with clinical signs of infection were obtaine ... | 1999 | 10482049 |
| enhanced induction of interleukin-12(p40) secretion by human macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium complex isolates from disseminated infection in aids patients. | interleukin-12 (il-12) is a key cytokine in the immune response to infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). human immunodeficiency virus infection, a predisposing factor for disseminated mac infection, causes a drop of bioactive il-12(p70), mainly by decreasing the constitutive production of p35. il-12(p40) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) levels in supernatants of mac-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages with intracellular growth rates were compared. isolates from aid ... | 1998 | 9806063 |
| [therapeutic effects of benzoxazinorifamycin krm-1648 administered alone or in combination with glycyrrhizin against mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice]. | we previously examined the effects of a chinese medicine "mao-bushi-saishin-to" (mbst) which has anti-inflammatory activity on the therapeutic efficacies of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648 (krm), against, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection induced in mice. mbst potentiated the therapeutic activity of krm against mac infection. in the present study, we examined the effects of another anti-inflammatory drug glycyrrhizin, which is effective for chronic hepatitis, on the therapeutic effica ... | 1999 | 10487030 |
| rapid identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis within sigma factor regions. | a single polymerase chain reaction (pcr) within the rpov gene was developed to rapidly distinguish mycobacteria isolated from clinical specimens. the species identifications of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium tuberculosis were congruent with standard typing techniques. the analysis was targeted toward the identification of species-specific markers for the clinically relevant m. tuberculosis and m. avium. in addition, haeiii digestion of the amplification products yielded isol ... | 1998 | 9812321 |
| primary mycobacterium avium complex infections correlate with lowered cellular immune reactivity in matschie's tree kangaroos (dendrolagus matschiei). | the national zoological park has maintained a breeding colony of matschie's tree kangaroos (dendrolagus matschiei) since 1975 with a documented history and continued prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections. no evidence of immunosuppressive retrovirus infections or loss of heterozygosity that may have led to an immune dysfunction in these animals was found. isolates of mac organisms from affected tree kangaroos and from their environment had no common restriction fragment dna t ... | 1998 | 9815225 |
| change in colony morphology influences the virulence as well as the biochemical properties of the mycobacterium avium complex. | factors that influence colony morphology are of crucial importance for drug development as well as for understanding the virulence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains. the mac 101 strain used in the present study grows as smooth transparent (smt) colonies that tend to become opaque and pigmented when incubated for long periods of time. however, when mac was passaged in animals, two types of colonies were recovered. the new rough transparent (rgt) colony morphology appeared more flat and ... | 1998 | 9817824 |
| frequency of abdominal ct findings in aids patients with m. avium complex bacteraemia. | use of blood culture studies for early diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has become important due to the recent development of effective antibiotic therapy for this condition. this study assessed the abdominal computed tomography (ct) findings in patients with aids who presented with bacteraemic mac infection. | 1998 | 9833784 |
| use of pcr in detection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia: sensitivity of the assay and effect of treatment for mac infection on concentrations of human immunodeficiency virus in plasma. | we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a pcr-based qualitative test for the rapid diagnosis of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) bacteremia in patients with aids disease. eleven subjects with newly culture-proven mac bacteremia had the following tests performed at biweekly intervals during the first 8 weeks of therapy: blood culture, mycobacterium-specific pcr, and quantitative human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) viral-load testing. mycobacterium genus-specific biotinyl ... | 1999 | 9854069 |
| mycobacterium avium complex activates nuclear factor kappab via induction of inflammatory cytokines. | a variety of microorganisms has been reported to directly induce nf-kappab, a critical step in the regulation of genes involved in the cellular immune response. in this study, we demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) produced upon activation by the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) preceed nf-kappab activity in u937, a human monocytoid cell line. mac induction of tnfalpha mrna expression was detected within 15 min after mac infection, whereas e ... | 1999 | 9973533 |
| cost-effectiveness of azithromycin for preventing mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. the swiss hiv cohort study. | we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the clinical and economic consequences of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in a health care system with access unrestricted by financial barriers. the analysis was performed from a health care perspective and compared azithromycin (1200 mg/week) with no prophylaxis over a period of 10 years based on data from the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs) an ... | 1999 | 10590283 |
| induction of in vivo persistent anti-mycobacterial activity by interferon-gamma-secreting fibroblasts. | to determine whether the paracrine secretion of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) can efficiently stimulate the resistance to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, 3t3 fibroblasts were stably transduced to secrete ifn-gamma (500 units/10(6) cells/48 h) and their effects on mac infection were investigated in genetically susceptible balb/c mice, compared with that of free recombinant ifn-gamma (rifn-gamma). immunization with ifn-gamma-secreting fibroblasts (3t3-ifn-gamma) during intranasal infec ... | 2000 | 10590327 |
| extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy in an adult immunocompetent woman caused by mycobacterium avium complex. | we report a case of extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a 29-year-old immunocompetent woman, which was thought to be caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). chest radiographs showed deterioration while the patient was receiving antituberculous medication for 8 months. after isolation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from a lymph node aspiration biopsy and switch to a mac-specific therapeutic regimen, the lesion almost completely disappeared within 1 year. to our knowledge, this is t ... | 1999 | 10593812 |
| effects of the chinese traditional medicine mao-bushi-saishin-to on therapeutic efficacy of a new benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, against mycobacterium avium infection in mice. | the chinese traditional medicine mao-bushi-saishin-to (mbst), which has anti-inflammatory effects and has been used to treat the common cold and nasal allergy in japan, was examined for its effects on the therapeutic activity of a new benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648 (krm), against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in mice. in addition, we examined the effects of mbst on the anti-mac activity of murine peritoneal macrophages (m phi s). first, mbst significantly increased the anti-mac the ... | 1999 | 10049260 |
| mycobacterium avium complex causing endobronchial disease in aids patients after partial immune restoration. | to report the development of an unusual manifestation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in two patients with the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (aids) after the commencement of combination antiretroviral chemotherapy. | 1999 | 10599019 |
| opportunistic hepatic infections in aids patients with fever of unknown origin. | the clinical features and histopathologic manifestations of hepatic opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in taiwan remain unexplored. we report 28 aids patients (25 men, 3 women; mean age, 34 years) with fever of unknown origin who underwent 31 liver biopsies from december 1995 to may 1997. in most cases, the biochemical tests showed moderate to markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase concentrations, but normal or mildly elevated aminotransferase con ... | 1999 | 10063267 |
| heterodimer-loaded erythrocytes as bioreactors for slow delivery of the antiviral drug azidothymidine and the antimycobacterial drug ethambutol. | disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) remains the most common serious bacterial infection in patients with advanced aids. the organisms that make up this complex are found ubiquitously in the environment, yet rarely cause disseminated disease in nonimmunocompromised human patients; on the contrary, up to 50% of patients with aids may ultimately develop the pathology. hence, therapeutic strategies able to inhibit hiv and mycobacterium replication are needed. because of the ... | 1999 | 10082118 |
| [nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in a general hospital]. | annual incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) disease has been gradually increasing in the last 10 years in japan. it is likely to encounter this disease not only in hospitals specialized in mycobacterial diseases but also in general hospitals. ntm were isolated from 97 cases between january 1990 and june 1996 at our hospital. out of them, 41 patients were diagnosed as ntm disease. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was the most frequent pathogens (68.3%) and m. kansasii (22%) was the ne ... | 1999 | 10191603 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium in slaughter pigs in the netherlands and comparison of is1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of porcine and human isolates. | a significant increase in the incidence of caseous lesions in the lymph nodes of slaughter pigs prompted a large-scale investigation in five slaughterhouses in the netherlands. in total, 158,763 pigs from 2,899 groups underwent gross examination. at least one pig with caseous lesions in the submaxillary and/or mesenteric lymph nodes was observed in each of 154 of the 2,899 groups examined (5%). in total, 856 pigs (0.5%) were affected. as many as five pigs in each of 141 of the 154 positive group ... | 1999 | 10203466 |
| pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium complex serovar 9 isolated from painted quail (excalfactoria chinensis). | avian tuberculosis accompanied with many tubercular lesions in the liver and spleen was found in a painted quail at a zoological garden in japan. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) serovar 9 without insertion sequence of is901 was isolated from the liver (1.3 x 10(8) cfu/g), oviduct (9.4 x 10(7) cfu/g), and intestine (1.5 x 10(5) cfu/g). the isolates were inoculated intravenously to chickens. the inoculated chickens showed clinical symptoms of avian tuberculosis. birds are susceptible to mac sero ... | 1999 | 10651051 |
| il-10 in hiv infection: increasing serum il-10 levels with disease progression--down-regulatory effect of potent anti-retroviral therapy. | to examine the potential pathogenic role of il-10 in hiv infection, we measured serum il-10 levels in 51 hiv-infected patients and 23 healthy controls both on cross-sectional and longitudinal testing. all clinical groups (centers for disease control (cdc) categories) of hiv-infected patients had significantly higher circulating il-10 levels than controls, with the highest levels among the aids patients, particularly in patients with ongoing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. among 32 h ... | 1999 | 10209514 |
| [nontuberculous mycobacteriosis; the present status of epidemiology and clinical studies]. | in japan, the mycobacteriosis research group at the japanese national chest hospitals has continuously made the clinico-epidemiological study of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (ntm) since early 1970s. the prevalence rate was determined as 0.82, 0.91, 1.22, 1.74 and 2.43 per 100,000 population per year in 1971, 1975, 1980, 1985 and in 1990 respectively. the newest datum in 1997 was 3.52. these data indicates the prevalence rate has continuously increased and became 3.8 times than 25 years ago. wh ... | 1999 | 10355224 |
| potential association between calcified thoracic lymphadenopathy due to previous histoplasma capsulatum infection and pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | among patients with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) seen recently at our center, a substantial number have had extensive calcified mediastinal, hilar, and peribronchial lymphadenopathy, a finding historically inconsistent with pulmonary mac disease. | 1999 | 10372850 |
| relationship between is901 in the mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from birds, animals, humans, and the environment and virulence for poultry. | a total of 738 strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were examined in biological experiments on poultry by use of pcr methods with primers for detection of the insertion sequence is901. serotype strains of mac from all known 28 serotypes were examined. further strains were isolated from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative and hiv-positive patients, 6 animal species, 17 bird species, and the environment. of 165 strains virulent for poultry, characterized by generalized tuberculosis ... | 2000 | 10702495 |
| antimycobacterial activities of riminophenazines. | riminophenazines were specifically developed as drugs active against mycobacterium tuberculosis but extensive research over several decades has shown that these compounds are also active against many other mycobacterial infections, particularly those caused by mycobacterium leprae and the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). clofazimine, the lead compound in this series, is included in the regimens that are approved by the who for the treatment of leprosy and has contributed significantly to the c ... | 1999 | 10382882 |
| cellular immune responses to esat-6 discriminate between patients with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex and those with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | esat-6 (for 6-kda early secreted antigenic target) is a secreted antigen found almost exclusively in organisms of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. we compared in vitro gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to this antigen in patients with pulmonary disease due to either mycobacterium avium complex (mac) or mycobacterium tuberculosis with those in healthy, skin test-negative, control subjects. significant ifn-gamma responses to esat-6 were detected in ... | 1999 | 10391871 |
| correlation of quantitative bone marrow and blood cultures in aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the relationship between mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection of blood and bone marrow was studied in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients before and during treatment. quantitative cultures were obtained at baseline from 17 persons with newly detected mac bacteremia. serial blood cultures were obtained, and a second bone marrow sample was obtained at 4 or 8 weeks. at baseline, the median mac load in bone marrow core samples was 3 log10 higher than in blood. bone marrow mac loads ... | 1999 | 10395860 |
| clinical investigation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection in human t lymphotrophic virus type i carriers. | little is known about pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in human t lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i) carriers. a study was undertaken to investigate and clarify the characteristics of pulmonary mac infection in these subjects. | 2000 | 10770820 |
| systemic mycobacterioses in aids patients as determined by blood cultures on biphasic medium. | bacteremia due to mycobacteria can occur in aids patients in whom a rapid diagnosis is extremely important in order to plan a therapeutic conduct. blood culture of mycobacteria using a biphasic system was set up in the regional laboratories of the adolfo lutz institute, sp (campinas, ribeirão preto, santo andré, santos, são josé do rio preto and sorocaba). during a three year period (1994-97), 1521 blood samples were analyzed from 1336 aids patients, with cd4+ cell count < 100/ml, hematocrit < 3 ... | 1999 | 10425659 |
| mefloquine is active in vitro and in vivo against mycobacterium avium complex. | despite the development of several agents, new classes of antimicrobials with activity against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are needed. based on a broad screening of compounds, we found that mefloquine has mics of 8 to 16 microg/ml by the bactec system and 16 microg/ml by broth microdilution for five mac strains tested. an expansion of the screening with broth microdilution to 24 macrolide-susceptible strains and 6 macrolide-resistant strains determined that the mic for all strains was ... | 1999 | 10428905 |
| haart and mycobacterium avium complex in an hiv infected patient with severe factor vii deficiency. | a clinical syndrome represented by the association of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has been recently described in patients with advanced hiv disease. haart-associated improvement of the immune status might convert a clinically silent mac infection into an active mycobacterial disease. a 40-year-old man with severe factor vii deficiency, advanced hiv-1 disease, a cd4 + lymphocyte count of 15 cells microl-1 (cdc stage a ... | 2000 | 10781200 |
| risk-benefit assessment of therapies for mycobacterium avium complex infections. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an important pathogen that can cause chronic lung disease in immunocompetent patients and disseminated disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). treatment of mac with antituberculosis drugs was unsatisfactory, but the introduction of the newer macrolides, clarithromycin and azithromycin, and of rifabutin has greatly improved the outcome of treatment regimens for mac. however, these agents are also associated with many new treatme ... | 1999 | 10456381 |
| efficacy and safety of an intravenous induction therapy for treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids patients: a pilot study. | monotherapy with macrolides for the treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteraemia leads to drug resistance and relapse of bacteraemia. gastrointestinal intolerance is a common reason for treatment withdrawal of multidrug regimens. we have assessed the efficacy and safety of initial parenteral therapy together with a macrolide, for disseminated mac infection, defined as two positive blood cultures, in aids patients. patients received a daily infusion of amikacin 15 mg/kg ... | 1999 | 10459822 |
| systematic validation of disease models for pharmacoeconomic evaluations. swiss hiv cohort study. | pharmacoeconomic evaluations are often based on computer models which simulate the course of disease with and without medical interventions. the purpose of this study is to propose and illustrate a rigorous approach for validating such disease models. for illustrative purposes, we applied this approach to a computer-based model we developed to mimic the history of hiv-infected subjects at the greatest risk for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in switzerland. the drugs included as a pr ... | 1999 | 10461580 |
| [usefulness of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis]. | in 14 subjects whose chest radiographs showed abnormal shadows during the two years from january 1995 until december 1996, no definite diagnosis could be obtained because sputum, smears and cultures all gave negative results for mycobacteria. bronchoscopy was therefore performed, revealing atypical mycobacteria in cultures of the bronchial washing fluid for mycobacteria, and the significance of bronchoscopic examinations in cases diagnosed an atypical pulmonary mycobacteriosis was investigated. ... | 1999 | 10487017 |
| species identification of mycobacterium avium complex isolates by a variety of molecular techniques. | organisms in the mycobacterium avium complex (mac; m. avium, m. intracellulare, and "nonspecific or x" mac) are emerging pathogens among individual organisms of which significant genetic variability is displayed. the objective of the present study was to evaluate various molecular methods for the rapid and definitive identification of mac species. isolates were obtained from both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients and hiv-negative patients with and without known predisposing co ... | 2000 | 10655336 |
| determinants of hiv-related survival among texas prison inmates. | research indicates that being incarcerated adversely affects disease progression and overall health status. because hiv infection is a growing problem among prison populations in the united states, understanding how incarceration affects hiv-related survival patterns is critical. the present study examined determinants of hiv-related survival in a cohort of 2380 texas department of criminal justice (tdcj) inmates who were treated for hiv/aids, dating from january 1, 1992 and june 31, 1997. asses ... | 1999 | 10842856 |
| early results (at 6 months) with intermittent clarithromycin-including regimens for lung disease due to mycobacterium avium complex. | we initiated a prospective noncomparative trial of treatment for lung disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients, with a regimen of clarithromycin (1000 mg), rifabutin (300-600 mg), and ethambutol (25 mg/kg) administered 3 times per week. fifty-nine patients were enrolled. twelve (20%) were lost to follow-up, and 6 (10%) developed clarithromycin intolerance. the remaining 41 patients (69%) completed the initial 6 months of therapy. the sput ... | 2000 | 10671330 |
| [effect of serotype specific glycopeptidolipid (gpl) isolated from mycobacterium avium complex (mac) on phagocytosis and phagosome-lysosome fusion of human peripheral blood monocytes]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a typical intracellular parasite similar to m. tuberculosis and is one of the most important pathogens that coinfects aids patients. attention has been focused on m. avium infection causing immunosuppression of hosts. specific serotype-subspecies such as 1, -4 or -8 serotypes can be isolated frequently in humans infected with hiv. furthermore, the prognosis after infection differs depending on the serotype. serotype-4 in general shows unfavourable prognosis, ... | 2000 | 10689813 |
| interaction of mycobacterium avium complex with human respiratory epithelial cells. | adherence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) to human respiratory epithelial cells (hep-2) induced 2 distinct modes of internalization. in the first, mac induced ruffling of hep-2 cell membrane and formation of surface projections securing the bacilli on the surface, and concurrent membrane depressions, beneath the sites of attachment of bacilli, resulted in internalization of the organisms. the second mode involved formation of membrane folds wrapping around the bacilli, followed by internali ... | 2000 | 10720553 |
| successful treatment of mycobacterium avium osteomyelitis and arthritis in a non-immunocompromised child. | in non-immunocompromised children, infections with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are rare, except for cervical lymphadenitis. we report here a 34-month-old boy who developed osteomyelitis and septic arthritis due to mac. no findings could be revealed for immunodeficiency. he was treated successfully for 12 months with combined therapy consisting of clarithromycin, rifabutin and protionamid. | 2000 | 10879611 |
| effect of clarithromycin regimen for mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | we have investigated the efficacy of a clarithromycin-containing four-drug regimen for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease in 46 patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the patients were 14 males and 32 females with a mean age of 60.9 +/- 11.5 yr. patients received 10 mg/kg/d of clarithromycin plus ethambutol, rifampin, and initial kanamycin and subsequent quinolone for 24 mo. seven patients (15.2%) were dropped in the first 6 mo. among 39 patients who receive ... | 1999 | 10471610 |
| prevalence of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in thai aids patients. | infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), although rare in immuno-competent individuals, can potentially produce problems in immunocompromised patients such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in this study, hemocultures for mycobacteria using radiometric bactec 13a media were taken from 334 patients with known human immunodeficiency virus infection admitted to four referral hospitals with fever of unknown site of infection and negative blood cultures for patho ... | 1999 | 10511764 |
| risk for preventable opportunistic infections in persons with aids after antiretroviral therapy increases cd4+ t lymphocyte counts above prophylaxis thresholds. | to determine incidence and risk for preventable opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [pcp] and disseminated mycobacterium avium-complex [mac] infection) in persons whose cd4(+) t lymphocyte counts had increased by >/=100 cells/microl to exceed the threshold of risk and in persons whose cd4(+) counts had never dropped below the threshold of risk, we analyzed data collected during the period 1990-1998 in the adult/adolescent spectrum of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) diseas ... | 2000 | 10915098 |
| upregulation of p75 tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor in mycobacterium avium-infected mice: evidence for a functional role. | the bacterial growth and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and tnf receptors (tnf-rs) in the spleen and blood of balb/c mice challenged with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were monitored. infection developed in two phases: the first, up to day 21, was associated with rapid mac multiplication in the spleen and a drop in the mycobacteremia, and the second was associated with control of the infection in both compartments. in the spleen, tnf-alpha and tnf-rii mrna levels p ... | 1999 | 10531226 |
| [effects of the chinese traditional medicines "mao-bushi-saishin-to" and "yokuinin" on the antimycobacterial activity of murine macrophages against mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | we previously examined the effects of two chinese traditional medicines "mao-bushi-saishin-to" (mbst) and "yokuinin", on the therapeutic efficacies of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection induced in mice. mbst but not yokuinin potentiated the therapeutic activity of krm-1648 against mac infection. in the present study, we examined the effects of these traditional medicines on some m phi cell functions. first, mbst significantly potentiated m phi a ... | 1999 | 10535279 |
| induction of hiv-1-specific t cell responses by administration of cytokines in late-stage patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy. | highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) is associated with reduction in the morbidity and mortality of patients with advanced hiv-1 disease. the ability of such treatment to improve immune responses against hiv-1 and opportunistic pathogens is variable and limited. addition of cytokine immunotherapy to this treatment may improve immune responses. il-2 with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) was administered to hiv-1+ individuals receiving haart with undete ... | 1999 | 10540163 |
| clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium is still susceptible to treatment with clarithromycin and is virulent in mice. | resistance to clarithromycin in breakthrough mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates typically occurs 3 to 4 months after the initiation of monotherapy in bacteremic aids patients. it has been suggested that continuation of clarithromycin therapy still results in clinical and microbiological improvement. to study this paradox, c57bl/6 beige mice were infected with a clarithromycin-resistant (mic, > or =128 microg/ml) strain of mac 101 (cla-r mac 101) and treated with 200 mg of clarithromycin ... | 2000 | 10991834 |
| antimycobacterial activities of 2,4-diamino-5-deazapteridine derivatives and effects on mycobacterial dihydrofolate reductase. | development of new antimycobacterial agents for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections is important particularly for persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro activity of 2, 4-diamino-5-methyl-5-deazapteridines (dmdps) against mac and to assess their activities against mac dihydrofolate reductase recombinant enzyme (rdhfr). seventy-seven dmdp derivatives were evaluated initially for in vitro activity against one to thre ... | 2000 | 10991861 |
| an extension of kendall's coefficient of concordance to bivariate interval censored data. | non-parametric tests of independence, as well as accompanying measures of association, are essential tools for the analysis of bivariate data. such tests and measures have been developed for uncensored and right censored failure time data, but have not been developed for interval censored failure time data. bivariate interval censored data arise in aids studies in which screening tests for early signs of viral and bacterial infection are done at clinic visits. because of missed clinic visits, th ... | 1999 | 10544309 |
| drug-drug interactions of clinical significance in the treatment of patients with mycobacterium avium complex disease. | therapeutic and prophylactic regimens directed specifically against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are increasingly being used in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). several of the drugs used in the management of mac have been associated with significant drug interactions involving the cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzyme system. this enzyme system is also highly influenced by other drugs used in the management of patients with hiv, particularly the protease inhibitors, non ... | 2000 | 11020135 |
| rifabutin-induced uveitis with inflammatory vitreous infiltrate. | to describe an ocular complication of rifabutin therapy in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in the absence of hiv infection or aids. | 2000 | 11026997 |
| [mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex: phenotypic and genotypic markers and the molecular basis for interspecies transmission]. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) comprises a heterogeneous group of slowly-growing mycobacteria that are pathogenic for both humans and animals. two genetically distinct species within mac are m. avium, which tends to infect hiv-infected patients, and m. intracellulare more common among immunocompetent individuals. contrary to m. intracellulare which relates to a single species, m. avium is separated into three subspecies; m. avium subsp. avium, a major opportunistic pathogen leading to a d ... | 2000 | 11030055 |
| azithromycin as treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex in aids patients. | this multicenter, randomized, dose-ranging study was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of two different doses of azithromycin for treating disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids. eighty-eight aids patients with symptoms and blood cultures consistent with disseminated mac were treated with 600 or 1,200 mg of azithromycin daily for 6 weeks; 62 patients completed the entire 6 weeks of study. of note, this study was done prior to the time when combination a ... | 1999 | 10582873 |
| clinical experience with filgrastim in aids. | data have shown that neutropenia is a risk factor for severe bacterial infections. two trials were done in hiv-infected patients to study the effect of filgrastim on neutropenia and the incidence of severe bacterial infections. the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in this setting was also evaluated. this paper reviews the results of these two studies, which suggest that filgrastim is safe and effective in preventing severe neutropenia in patients with advanced hiv infecti ... | 1999 | 10596031 |
| potential interaction between itraconazole and clarithromycin. | three patients negative for human immunodeficiency virus infection were admitted for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and aspergillosis infections. they were treated with different drug combinations, but all regimens included clarithromycin for mac and itraconazole for aspergillosis. all patients experienced an increase in clarithromycin concentrations and clarithromycin: 14-oh-clarithromycin ratio compared with expected range values. they had no clinical side effects. the time course ... | 1999 | 10600094 |
| impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on onset of mycobacterium avium complex infection and cytomegalovirus disease in patients with aids. | to assess the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on the onset of first disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and first cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease episode in hiv-infected at-risk patients. | 2000 | 11101072 |
| [development of a case of mycobacterium avium complex disease from right pleural effusion]. | moist pleurisy in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is rarer than tuberculosis. we encountered an extremely rare case of mac disease in a 75-year-old man who initially had only right pleural effusion. gaffky vii was detected in the pleural effusion, and mycobacterium avium was identified by culture and pcr. although administration of antitubercular agents (rfp, inh, eb, and sm) + cam and thoracic lavage were repeated, the gaffky persisted strongly. accordingly, pulmonary decorticat ... | 2000 | 11109810 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments phagocytosis of mycobacterium avium complex by human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected monocytes/macrophages in vitro and in vivo. | the role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection on the ability of human monocytes/macrophages to phagocytose mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vivo and in vitro and the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) on this function were investigated. by use of a flow cytometric assay to quantify phagocytosis, hiv-1 infection was found to impair the ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose mac in vitro, whereas gm-csf significantly improved ... | 2000 | 10608795 |
| studies on beta-d-gal(f)-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rha(p) octyl analogues as substrates for mycobacterial galactosyl transferase activity. | the biochemically unique structures of sugar residues in the outer cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) make the pathways for their biosynthesis and utilization attractive targets for the development of new and selective anti-tubercular agents. a cell-free assay system for galactosyltransferase activity using udp[14c]gal as the glycosyl donor, as well as an in vitro colorimetric broth micro-dilution assay system, were used to determine the activities of three beta-d-gal(f)(1-->4)-alpha- ... | 1999 | 10632050 |
| synthesis and in vitro anti-mycobacterium activity of n-alkyl-1, 2-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-pyridinecarbothioamides. preliminary toxicity and pharmacokinetic evaluation. | disseminated infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are increasingly opportunistic diseases in patients with advanced acquired human immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). a series of n-alkyl-1, 2-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-pyridinecarbothioamides has been synthesized, and mics for mt and mac strains, either standard or isolated from infected patients, have been determined. preliminary tests show a good activity and a very low toxicity for some derivatives. phar ... | 2000 | 10649975 |
| cytokine profiles in immunocompetent persons infected with mycobacterium avium complex. | to evaluate the immunologic factors that contribute to protection against mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from human immunodeficiency virus-negative persons with pulmonary mac (mac patients) and healthy control subjects with a delayed hypersensitivity skin test response to m. avium sensitin (mas-positive control subjects) was measured. in mac patients, mycobacterium-stimulated pbmc produced higher concentrations of interleukin ( ... | 2001 | 11133380 |
| evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of a practical pcr panel assay for rapid detection and differentiation of mycobacterium avium subspecies. | the mycobacterium avium subspecies (mas) include the closely related mas avium and mas paratuberculosis. this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a pcr panel assay as a diagnostic tool to detect and differentiate mas avium and mas paratuberculosis infection. specific oligonucleotides primers derived from the 16 s rrna (mas) sequence, insertion elements is 901 (mas avium), is 1245 mycobacterium avium complex (mac), is 900 (mas paratuberculosis), and the hspx (mas paratuberculosis) ... | 2000 | 10860713 |
| the cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium complex in aids. | to develop a simulation model to project costs, life expectancy, and cost-effectiveness in discounted dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (qaly) saved for clinical strategies to prevent mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids. | 1999 | 10874380 |
| clinical prediction model for differentiation of disseminated histoplasma capsulatum and mycobacterium avium complex infections in febrile patients with aids. | disseminated infection with histoplasma capsulatum and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids are frequently difficult to distinguish clinically. | 2000 | 10877492 |
| mycobacterium avium complex spinal epidural abscess in an hiv patient. | although mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic bacterial infection in aids patients, epidural involvement is rare. a case of mac spinal epidural abscess without vertebral osteomyelitis, that was continuous with presacral and bilateral piriformis muscle inflammation, is reported. | 1999 | 10901982 |
| clarithromycin or rifabutin alone or in combination for primary prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with aids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. the aids clinical trials group 196/terry beirn community programs for clinical research on aids 009 protocol team. | the efficacy and safety of clarithromycin and rifabutin alone and in combination for prevention of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease were compared in 1178 patients with aids who had < or =100 cd4 t cells/microl in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. mac disease occurred in 9%, 15%, and 7% of those randomized to clarithromycin or rifabutin alone or in combination, respectively; time-adjusted event rates per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval [ci]) were 6.3 (4.2-8 ... | 2000 | 10762562 |
| effects of mycobacterium avium complex-infection treatment on cytokine expression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: results of aids clinical trials group protocol 853. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-infected persons with newly diagnosed mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia were enrolled in an 8-week study to determine whether treatment of mac infection is associated with decreases in plasma tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha levels. blood specimens were obtained for quantitative mac cultures and to determine plasma levels of hiv rna, tnf-alpha, and other proinflammatory cytokines. mac levels decreased by 1.75 log at week 4 (p=.008) and by 2.4 ... | 2000 | 10762582 |
| symptomatic and health status outcomes in the canadian randomized mac treatment trial (ctn010). canadian hiv trials network protocol 010 study group. | our objective was to compare the effect of 2 regimens for treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteraemia in an hiv-positive population on symptoms and health status outcomes using a substudy of an open-label randomized controlled trial. the study was conducted in 24 hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinics in 16 canadian cities. patients had hiv infection and mac bacteraemia and were given either rifampin 600 mg, ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily, clofazimine 100 mg daily an ... | 2000 | 10772083 |
| mycobacterium avium induces hiv upregulation through mechanisms independent of cytokine induction. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) can induce upregulation of hiv. to investigate the underlying mechanisms, the effect of mac-induced cytokines on hiv replication was first studied. semiquantitative rt-pcr, followed by northern blot analysis, revealed that mrna encoding il-6 and tnf-alpha was induced by mac. however, production of these cytokines was undetectable and the addition of anti-cytokine antibodies to coinfected cells could only minimally block the mac effect on hiv. infection of u38 ce ... | 2000 | 10772529 |
| computed tomographic abnormalities in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease include the mosaic pattern of reduced lung attenuation. | to describe the range and frequency of abnormalities on computed tomographic (ct) scans in patients who met the american thoracic society (ats) case definition of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. further, to report the effect of time and treatment on the progression of these abnormalities. | 2000 | 10786917 |
| lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and prepared antigens of m. avium complex in patients with hiv infection. | published reports have demonstrated that antigens of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) can suppress the normal response to mitogens in lymphoproliferation assays. we therefore studied the lymphoproliferative (lp) function of pbmc from 55 hiv-infected patients and 16 controls in response to mitogens with and without mac antigen. as expected, lp responses decline with progressive decline in cd4 count; mac antigen in combination with pha further suppresses that response in a dose-dependent manner. ... | 2000 | 10798609 |
| spectrum of aids-defining illnesses in australia, 1992 to 1998: influence of country/region of birth. | to examine the influence of country/region of birth on spectrum of aids-defining illness. | 2001 | 11242202 |
| rifabutin prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex infections in hiv-infected patients: impact on the incidence of campylobacteriosis. | following the observation of the decreasing occurrence of campylobacteriosis in hiv-infected patients. this study examines the incidence of campylobacteriosis in patients who had received rifabutin prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection compared with the incidence observed among patients treated before the advent of rifabutin. a retrospective analysis (february 1992 to november 1995) was conducted in a hospital hiv inpatient unit. the study included two patient groups: 7 ... | 1999 | 10800525 |
| familial pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | we report two japanese families affected by pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, involving an older brother and younger sister in one family and two brothers in the second family. we investigated whether defects in the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene (nramp1) underlay susceptibility to mac in these cases. all of the patients had computed tomographic findings of peripheral nodules and bronchiectasis. pulse-field gel electrophoresis patterns of mycobacterial g ... | 2000 | 10806169 |
| induction of in vivo resistance to mycobacterium avium infection by intramuscular injection with dna encoding interleukin-18. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is closely associated with the generation of cell-mediated immunity and resistance to intracellular parasites. interleukin-18 (il-18) was known to strongly induce ifn-gamma production by t cells and natural killer (nk) cells. in order to determine whether injection with dna encoding il-18 can stimulate the resistance to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, the mature il-18 cdna with kappa leader sequence was cloned under control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) p ... | 2001 | 11260329 |
| specific hla in pulmonary mac infection in a japanese population. | patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection occasionally have neither past histories of pulmonary diseases nor underlying immunodeficiency conditions. therefore, we hypothesized that mac may be linked with a disease-susceptibility gene and determined human leukocyte-associated antigens (hla) in patients with pulmonary mac infection. hla phenotypes were tested in 59 patients with pulmonary mac infection, and diagnosed according to the criteria of the american thoracic soci ... | 2000 | 10903260 |
| novel mycobacterium related to mycobacterium triplex as a cause of cervical lymphadenitis. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is an important cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children, and its incidence appears to be increasing in the united states and elsewhere. in areas where mycobacterium tuberculosis is not prevalent, m. avium causes the vast majority of cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis, although several other nontuberculous mycobacterial species have been reported as etiologic agents. this report describes the case of a child with cervical lymphadenitis caused by a nontu ... | 2001 | 11283032 |
| the esp culture system for drug susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium complex. | to validate the non-radiometric, broth-based esp system for determining mycobacterium avium complex (mac) susceptibilities. | 2000 | 11284923 |
| effect of oestrogen on mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary infection in mice. | the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the role of oestrogen in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease, which occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women. the study was carried out in a murine infectious model using ovariectomized dba/2 female mice. infection with mac was established by intratracheal administration of bacilli. in some experiments, ovariectomized mice were treated with exogenous 17 beta-estradiol (e2). the number of bacilli in the lu ... | 2001 | 11298130 |
| enhanced inhibition of lymphocyte activation by mycobacterium avium complex in human t lymphotrophic virus type i carriers. | we have previously reported that disseminated pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is more common in human t lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i) carriers than in non-carriers. however, the reason for this remains unclear. it has been shown that glycopeptidelipid (gpl), one of the lipid components of the cell envelope of mac, is able to reduce the lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens. the purpose of this study was to clarify whether or not the inhibitory effect of gpl diff ... | 2001 | 11312409 |
| missense mutation of the interleukin-12 receptor beta1 chain-encoding gene is associated with impaired immunity against mycobacterium avium complex infection. | interleukin-12 (il-12) plays an important role in the production of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) and is essential for protection against intracellular pathogens such as mycobacterium and salmonella. a 31-year-old man had disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. the production of ifn-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (pha-pbmcs) was found severely impaired (40.7 pg/ml compared with 833 +/- 289 pg/ml for the patient's and healthy subjec ... | 2001 | 11313259 |
| [evaluation of ct appearance of mycobacterium avium complex infection--comparison with bronchiectasia]. | we compared computed tomographic pictures (ct) of primary pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with bronchiectasia (be). these patients were examined during the period from 1988 to 1996. there were 51 patients of pulmonary mac infection group (13 males and 38 females) with a mean age of 67.5 years and 27 patients of be group (8 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 53.9 years. the results were as follows: 1. in both groups, bronchiectasis was most commonly found in the middle ... | 2000 | 10808276 |
| competing risk adjustment reduces overestimation of opportunistic infection rates in aids. | to illustrate the importance of adjusting the estimates of cumulative incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) related illnesses for competing risk of other causes of death, we compared unadjusted and adjusted (for competing events) incidence estimates for four aids illnesses: pneumocystis cavinii pneumonia (pcp), mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and esophageal candidiases. the study population was patients followed by the johns hopkins hospital aids servic ... | 2000 | 10942864 |
| [a study on the effect of combined chemotherapy on mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease]. | annual incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease has been gradually increasing in the last 10 years in japan, however, the optimal therapeutic regimen for the disease has not yet established. we investigated the effect of our new regimen in twenty seven cases of pulmonary mac infection without hiv infection, diagnosed according to the american thoracic society criteria during the period from january 1996 to october 1997 at our hospital. these patients were treated with rif ... | 2000 | 10944891 |
| infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium among hiv-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. eurosida study group jd. | the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients on the incidences of mycobacterial infections has not been studied in detail. we assessed incidences of mycobacterial diseases among hiv- infected patients following the introduction of haart, using data from the eurosida study, a european, multicenter observational cohort of more than 7,000 patients. overall incidences of mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb) and mycobacterium avium c ... | 2000 | 10988097 |
| activity of abt-773 against mycobacterium avium complex in the beige mouse model. | abt-773, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent, was evaluated in comparison to clarithromycin (cla) in vitro against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and in a beige mouse model of disseminated mac infection. the mics at which 50 and 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited were 2 and 4 microg/ml, respectively, for cla and 8 and 16 microg/ml, respectively, for abt-773. eight cla-resistant isolates were found to be resistant to abt-773 (mics > 64 microg/ml). in the in vivo study mice were treated w ... | 2000 | 10991883 |
| rifabutin but not clarithromycin prevents cryptosporidiosis in persons with advanced hiv infection. | macrolides have been reported to be effective for the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in persons with hiv infection. | 2000 | 11153670 |
| management of late-stage aids grows more complex. | the question of what to do for patients with late-stage aids becomes more complicated as new research reinforces the value of early treatment and prophylaxis for hiv patients. decisions ranging from cost and quality of life to toxicity and multiple drug interactions all must be taken into account. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) still is the most common adverse event in the last six months of life, with wasting syndrome being second, followed closely by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and ... | 1995 | 11362247 |
| opportunistic infections studies update. | studies being conducted on opportunistic infections among people with hiv are presented in list form. the list includes new studies, those still in development, and those slated to begin in 1995. areas of interest include candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis/microsporidiosis, cytomegalovirus (cmv), mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis (tb). enrollment information can be obtained by calling 1-(800)-trials-a (tdd 1- 800-448-04 ... | 1995 | 11362449 |
| comparison of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains from pigs and humans in sweden by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) using standardized reagents. | infections with atypical mycobacteria belonging to the mycobacterium avium/intracellulare complex (mac) can cause infection in both animals and humans. using a standardized reagents commercial kit for random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, 49 mac strains isolated from 32 slaughter pigs and 17 humans in sweden were identified and sorted out, yielding 6 rapd types. by combining the results of rapd primers 4 and 5 and the primer is1245a, we found that pigs and humans may be infected with ... | 2001 | 11165069 |
| significance of respiratory isolates of mycobacterium avium complex in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is isolated with increasing frequency from respiratory specimens. this study was an attempt to determine the significance of this in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. | 2000 | 11179916 |
| mhc haplotypes affect the expression of opportunistic infections in hiv patients. | this study explores whether mhc genes affect manifestations of opportunistic infections in hiv patients not treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) and immunopathologic responses to pre-existing infections in patients who achieved immune reconstitution following haart (i.e., "immune restoration diseases" or ird). hla-b27 and b17 were relatively rare in all hiv patients, but no hla-b alleles significantly affected cytomegalovirus (cmv) or mycobacterium avium complex (mac) diseas ... | 2001 | 11182226 |
| antimicrobial activities of levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and krm-1648 against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex replicating within mono mac 6 human macrophage and a-549 type ii alveolar cell lines. | the antimicrobial activities of levofloxacin, clarithromycin and krm-1648 against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) residing in mono mac 6 human macrophage-like cells (mm6-mphis) and a-549 human type ii alveolar epithelial cells (a-549 cells) were studied. we measured the antimicrobial activity of test drugs in terms of effects on the behaviour of intracellular organisms during a 7-day cultivation of mtb- or mac-infected cells in the medium containing the dru ... | 2000 | 11185410 |