| plasma prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid responses of the brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to lethal and sublethal aluminium in acidic soft waters. | brown trout, with indwelling dorsal aortic cannulae, were exposed to various concentrations of aluminium (al; 50 micrograms liter-1, 100% mortality over 48 hr; 25 micrograms liter-1, 50% mortality over 120 hr; 12.5 micrograms liter-1, 0% mortality over 120 hr) in acidic (ph 5.0) soft water. the plasma concentrations of prolactin (prl), cortisol, thyroxine (t4), and triiodothyronine (t3) were monitored. plasma prl concentrations were transiently depressed (to less than 20% of resting concentratio ... | 1996 | 8804568 |
| demographic genetics of brown trout (salmo trutta) and estimation of effective population size from temporal change of allele frequencies. | we studied temporal allele frequency shifts over 15 years and estimated the genetically effective size of four natural populations of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) on the basis of the variation at 14 polymorphic allozyme loci. the allele frequency differences between consecutive cohorts were significant in all four populations. there were no indications of natural selection, and we conclude that random genetic drift is the most likely cause of temporal allele frequency shifts at the loci examine ... | 1996 | 8807308 |
| characterization of an atypical nor site polymorphism in brown trout (salmo trutta) with ag- and cma3-staining, and fluorescent in situ hybridization. | we have analyzed by ag- and cma3-staining, and rdna fluorescent in situ hybridization an unusual nor site polymorphism in a population of salmo trutta from mino basin (northwestern spain). a multichromosomal ag-nor distribution largely different from standard individuals both in the number and position of ag-nors, as well as in the pattern of activity, was revealed. atypical ag-nors consist of rdna genes, as evidenced by rdna fish, and are capable of constituting their own nucleolus. in spite of ... | 1996 | 9067432 |
| epizootiology of protozoans in farmed salmonids at northern latitudes. | protozoan ectoparasites were examined in a northern salmonid fish farm over a 10-year period, june 1984-may 1994, by the same researcher, with similar catching and sampling procedures throughout. husbandry procedures remained constant during the study, e.g., fingerlings were kept in steel tanks and yearlings in both steel tanks and earth ponds. ichthyobodo necator, chilodonella hexasticha and ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections were treated with formalin, salt and malachite green-formalin ba ... | 1997 | 9076534 |
| mitochondrial dna sequence variation and phylogeography among salmo trutta l. (greek brown trout) populations. | to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and geographical structure among brown trout s. trutta l. populations from the south adriatic-ionian and aegean sea basins, mitochondrial dna sequence comparisons were used. a 310-base-pair (bp) segment of the control region (d-loop), and an additional 280-bp segment of the cytochrome beta gene were sequenced from representatives of 13 brown trout populations. phylogenetic analyses, conducted after combining the data presented with published data fro ... | 1997 | 9200828 |
| physical localization and characterization of the bgli element in the genomes of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and brown trout (s. trutta l.). | this work describes chromosomal localization, fine physical mapping, and population variation of the bgli element in the genome of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and a similar sequence in the genome of brown trout (s. trutta l.). results from a variety of complementary approaches, clearly demonstrate that the bgli element does not occur as a satellite-like repetitive dna in these species but is part of the rdna cistron as suggested by goodier and davidson (1993). coincident hybridization of bg ... | 1997 | 9266667 |
| the microsatellite marker (bfro 002) characteristic for different geographically remote brown trout, salmo trutta l., populations. | | 1997 | 9363605 |
| seasonal occurrence of gyrodactylus derjavini (monogenea) on brown trout, salmo trutta, and atlantic salmon, s. salar, in the sandvikselva river, norway. | seasonal variation in prevalence and intensity of the ectoparasite gyrodactylus derjavini on brown trout parr, salmo trutta, and atlantic salmon parr, s. salar, and occurrence of g. derjavini on ascending sea trout, s. trutta m. trutta, in the sandvikselva river, southeastern norway, was recorded. in general, both prevalence and intensity increased and decreased correspondingly with the rise and fall in water temperature. however, both prevalence and intensity decreased in warm periods when repr ... | 1997 | 9406773 |
| an elisa for brown trout (salmo trutta) vitellogenin and its use in bioassays for environmental estrogens. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (vg) in plasma of brown trout (salmo trutta). purified vg from a 17 beta-estradiol-induced trout was used as the competing antigen in the elisa which is based on polyclonal antibodies. the elisa's performance was optimized and characterized. the assay's working range was (25-500 ng ml-1), its sensitivity was (10.5 ng ml-1), and it had an intra-assay coefficient of variation of less ... | 1999 | 10028700 |
| relationships between boron concentrations and trout in the firehole river, wyoming: historical information and preliminary results of a field study. | the firehole river (fhr) in yellowstone national park (ynp) is a world-renowned recreational fishery that predominantly includes rainbow trout (rbt, oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (bnt, salmo trutta). the trout populations apparently are closed to immigration and have been self-sustaining since 1955. inputs from hot springs and geysers increase the temperature and mineral content of the water, including elevating the boron (b) concentrations to a maximum of approximately 1 mg b/l. both rbt ... | 1998 | 10050918 |
| effects of insulin-like growth factor-i and cortisol on na+, k+-atpase expression in osmoregulatory tissues of brown trout (salmo trutta). | the effect of recombinant bovine igf-i (rbigf-i) on hypo-osmoregulatory ability and the effect of rbigf-i and cortisol (f) alone and in combination on na+,k+-atpase expression in fresh water (fw) acclimated brown trout (salmo trutta) were examined in two experiments. in experiment 1, fish were given three injections of saline or 0.01 or 0.1 microgram rbigf-i/g, respectively, and subjected to a 24-h 25 ppt seawater (sw) challenge test 24 h after the last injection. fish treated with 0.01 and 0.1 ... | 1999 | 10068495 |
| bacterial microflora of wild brown trout (salmo trutta), wild pike (esox lucius), and aquacultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | initial numbers of bacteria associated with wild (brown trout and pike) and cultured (rainbow trout) freshwater fish as well as with the water in which they were caught were determined. subsequently, a total of 979 randomly selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level. for all counts performed (aerobes, psychrotrophs, anaerobes, enterobacteriaceae, and enterococci), no significant differences were observed in water samples, the highest level corresponding to psychrotrop ... | 1999 | 10571316 |
| population genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) within a northern boreal forest stream. | brown trout (salmo trutta l.) population genetic structure and its temporal stability were studied within a small forest stream in central sweden using five microsatellite loci. both resident and migrating brown trout are present in the watershed. tissue samples were collected from seven sections of the stream during two consecutive years. no differences were found in multilocus fst estimates between years within sections except in one case. moreover, differences between age cohorts within sampl ... | 2000 | 11075512 |
| a highly polymorphic plasma protein locus in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations from portugal. | genetic polymorphism of an unidentified plasma protein (px) is described for the first time in salmo trutta (l.) by means of isoelectric focusing. the analysis of 414 individuals from different geographic origins in portugal allowed the identification of nine alleles. heterozygosity in natural populations is generally above 0.60, thus giving similar values to those reported for brown trout microsatellite loci. substructuring of portuguese brown trout is evident between northern and southern basi ... | 2000 | 11131336 |
| genetic structure of brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) populations from south-western france: data from mitochondrial control region variability. | the genetic relationships between several french atlantic populations of brown trout were analysed using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing of two parts of the mitochondrial control region. ten mitochondrial haplotypes were identified, separated by a small number of mutations. the distribution of these haplotypes confirmed our hypothesis of the existence of two genetically well-differentiated groups of populations in this area, which has already been ... | 2001 | 11412375 |
| toxicity of waters from two streams to early life stages of brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.), tested under semi-field conditions. | the development of brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario l.) in water of two differently polluted streams and in a control situation was monitored in order to get insights into the impact of anthropogenic chemical stressors on the reproductive success of this fish species indigenous to both streams. the test streams, situated in the south of stuttgart, germany, were the complexly polluted körsch stream and the less polluted krähenbach stream. bypass systems connected to the streams and a laboratory ... | 2001 | 11680753 |
| use of blood parameters in fish to assess acidic stress and chloride pollution in french running waters. | the study investigated whether plasmatic parameters in fish such as cl- content could serve as physiological indicators to evaluate water quality. the variations of plasma cl- content in two fish species caught in a wide range of rivers representative of the hydrographic system of lorraine (n-e france) were investigated. first, we studied autochthonous populations of chub (leuciscus cephalus) which is a widespread species in the rivers of lorraine. organisms living in highly mineralised rivers ( ... | 2002 | 11996122 |
| interspecific barriers between salmonids when hybridisation is due to sneak mating. | male sneaking behaviour can lead to interspecific hybridisation if sneakers attempt to fertilise ova in heterospecific mating, contributing to break down of interspecific barriers. in south european rivers, sneaking atlantic salmon males fertilise an important proportion of ova from adult females in heterospecific crosses, up to 65%. in a south french flow-controlled stream, we found that they were able to naturally fertilise brown trout ova in absence of brown trout males. aggressiveness of bro ... | 2002 | 12242645 |
| extreme genetic differentiation among the remnant populations of marble trout (salmo marmoratus) in slovenia. | populations of the marble trout (salmo marmoratus) have declined critically due to introgression by brown trout (salmo trutta) strains. in order to define strategies for long-term conservation, we examined the genetic structure of the 8 known pure populations using 15 microsatellite loci. the analyses reveal extraordinarily strong genetic differentiation among populations separated by < 15 km, and extremely low levels of intrapopulation genetic variability. as natural recolonization seems highly ... | 2002 | 12453253 |
| biomarkers as diagnostic tools for evaluating effects of unknown past water quality conditions on stream organisms. | the following biomarkers were investigated in stream populations of juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) and gammarids (gammarus pulex) to determine if crayfish mortality could have been confounded by pollutants: (1) alterations of fish liver ultrastructure, (2) fish gill and kidney histopathology, (3) stress protein (hsp70) expression in fish liver and gills and in gammarids, and (4) changes in various blood parameters of brown trout. in addition, the following measurements were conduct ... | 2002 | 12521141 |
| ecotoxicology and spatial modeling in population dynamics: an illustration with brown trout. | we developed a multiregion matrix population model to explore how the demography of a hypothetical brown trout population living in a river network varies in response to different spatial scenarios of cadmium contamination. age structure, spatial distribution, and demographic and migration processes are taken into account in the model. chronic or acute cadmium concentrations affect the demographic parameters at the scale of the river range. the outputs of the model constitute population-level en ... | 2003 | 12729204 |
| oogenesis and plasma levels of sex steroids in cultured females of brown trout (salmo trutta linnaeus, 1758) in chile. | naturalized brown trout populations in chile are a valuable genetic resource with aquaculture potential. the oogenesis of a three-year-old brown trout cultured population was studied in southern chile. gonadosomatic index (gsi), oocyte growth, gonadal microscopic characteristics, and plasma levels of estradiol-17beta (e2), testosterone (t), and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17alpha-hp) were measured bimonthly for a nine-month period before spawning. the maximum gsi level (22%) was similar to that ... | 2003 | 12840840 |
| [distribution of phospholipids in various regions of the central nervous system of the trout (salmo fario l.)]. | | 1964 | 14219783 |
| mitochondrial haplotype diversity among portuguese brown trout salmo trutta l. populations: relevance to the post-pleistocene recolonization of northern europe. | mitochondrial haplotype diversity in seven portuguese populations of brown trout, salmo trutta l., was investigated by sequencing the 5' end of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region. five new haplotypes were described for this species, each two to three mutational steps distant from the common north atlantic haplotype. significant population subdivision of mtdna haplotypes was also apparent. based on these results, as well as on published data describing the distribution of both mtdna hap ... | 2000 | 10849285 |
| the roles of food and water in the bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds in high mountain lake fish. | an integrated study encompassing the distribution of organochlorine compounds (oc) in water, food web (chironomids, terrestrial insects, cladocerans, mollusks, and cyanobacteria), and fish (brown trout) from a high mountain lake (redon, pyrenees) is reported. oc distributions in these compartments have been determined to assess theirtransport routes into fish. food diets have been estimated by analysis of fish stomach content and food web stable isotopes (delta13c and delta15n). ocs with octanol ... | 2004 | 15382852 |
| carotenoids in the reproductive cycle of the brown trout. | | 1949 | 15395901 |
| utilization of brown trout salmo trutta by acanthocephalus clavula in an irish lake: is this evidence of a host shift? | the population biology of the fish acanthocephalan acanthocephalus clavula was described from 161 wild brown trout, salmo trutta sampled over a two-year period in clogher lake in the west of ireland. overall prevalence of the parasite was 86% and the mean abundance was 53 worms per fish. despite the presence of large numbers of worms in the trout very few females (2%) attained full reproductive maturity. this suggests that trout is an accidental host. a sample of yellow eels, anguilla anguilla w ... | 2004 | 15469621 |
| evidence for the hypothesis of strain formation in pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala): an investigation using mitochondrial dna sequences. | a hypothesis has been erected stating that in the british isles the acanthocephalan, pomphorhynchus laevis can be separated into 3 strains, an english, irish and marine strain. ecological and morphological evidence exists in support of this hypothesis. an investigation at the molecular level was conducted in order to test the validity of the existing evidence. a mitochondrial gene, subunit i of cytochrome c oxidase was partially sequenced from 3 irish populations of p. laevis, 1 scottish populat ... | 2004 | 15471009 |
| selection for growth in brown trout increases feed intake capacity without affecting maintenance and growth requirements. | the correlated responses in feed intake and g:f ratio with selection for increased growth rate were evaluated by comparing selected (s) and control (c) brown trout (salmo trutta) reared under conditions known to affect feed efficiency: feed restriction and periods of compensatory growth. nitrogen and energy requirements for maintenance and growth were also measured. trout were allotted at comparable bw (3.7+/-0.06 and 3.8+/-0.04 g, for c and s respectively) to triplicate groups per treatment. th ... | 2004 | 15484936 |
| enhanced individual selection for selecting fast growing fish: the "prosper" method, with application on brown trout (salmo trutta fario). | growth rate is the main breeding goal of fish breeders, but individual selection has often shown poor responses in fish species. the prosper method was developed to overcome possible factors that may contribute to this low success, using (1) a variable base population and high number of breeders (ne >100), (2) selection within groups with low non-genetic effects and (3) repeated growth challenges. using calculations, we show that individual selection within groups, with appropriate management of ... | 2004 | 15496285 |
| heavy metal contamination of european eel (anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in wild ecosystems in spain. | in this study we analyzed the pattern of copper (cu), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and mercury (hg) accumulation in liver (as a detoxifying organ) and muscle (as the most important tissue for human consumption) of brown trout (salmo trutta) and european eel (anguilla anguilla) caught in two wild spanish rivers where both species are usually angled for human consumption. cd, pb, and cu accumulated preferentially in the liver of both species. hg accumulated both in the liver and muscle in brown trout, ... | 2004 | 15508654 |
| the viscosity and glycoprotein biochemistry of salmonid mucus varies with species, salinity and the presence of amoebic gill disease. | fish mucus has previously been reported to change in appearance and composition among species and in response to changes in salinity and disease status. this study reports on the mucus viscosity and glycoprotein biochemistry of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) in freshwater and seawater, both naive to and affected by amoebic gill disease (agd). cutaneous mucus viscosity was measured over a range of shear rates (11.5, ... | 2005 | 15517284 |
| toward adaptive management: the impacts of different management strategies on fish stocks and fisheries in a large regulated lake. | we applied the adaptive management approach to analyze the demand and feasibility of adaptive management of fish stocks in a large regulated lake, oulujärvi, in northern finland. the process consisted of four phases: (1) analysis of the current state of the fisheries system (fishers, related markets and industry, fisheries researches and authorities, related organizations, etc.); (2) analysis of the objectives of different stakeholders; (3) the composition of alternative management strategies an ... | 2004 | 15517682 |
| the significance of water ionic strength on aluminium toxicity in brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | the toxicity of aluminium to fish is related to interactions between aluminium and the gill surface. we investigated the possible effect of water ionic strength on this interaction. the mortality of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) exposed to three different degrees of al polymerisation was compared in water with increased ionic strength (mean 7.31 x 10(-4) m) after additions of the base cations ca2+, mg2+, na+ or k+, and in water with no such addition (mean ionic strength 5.58 x 10(-4) m). only a ... | 2005 | 15519464 |
| age dependence of the accumulation of organochlorine pollutants in brown trout (salmo trutta) from a remote high mountain lake (redó, pyrenees). | polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and ddt were examined in the muscle of brown trout (salmo trutta) from a high mountain lake located in the pyrenees (catalonia, spain) that was used as a model of these lacustrine environments. results indicate that fish age is the main factor of variability among specimens in this population that is subjected to atmospheric inputs of the organochlorine compounds (oc). increases of 2- and 20-fold between fish aged ... | 2005 | 15519465 |
| historical biogeography of mediterranean trout. | complete sequencing of the mitochondrial control region was used to describe phylogenetic relationships of brown trout populations (salmo trutta) in the mediterranean river basins of iberia and to review the historical biogeography of trout from the mediterranean regions. phylogenetic relationships among trout lineages suggested that the danubian one is the most ancestral, in accordance with the eastern origin of most of the european freshwater fish species. nested-clade and mismatch analyses su ... | 2004 | 15522807 |
| mitochondrial dna differentiation between two forms of trout salmo letnica, endemic to the balkan lake ohrid, reflects their reproductive isolation. | mitochondrial haplotype diversity in sympatric populations of ohrid trout, salmo letnica was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the mtdna control region and nd1, nd3/4, nd5/6 segments. a 310 bp fragment at the 5' end, and a 340-572 bp fragment at the 3' end of the control region were sequenced from representatives of the populations studied. based on pairwise comparison of the sequences, five new haplotypes were identified pl ... | 2004 | 15548279 |
| comparative studies on intestine ultrastructure of third-stage larvae and adults of cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (nematoda, cystidicolidae). | the intestinal epithelium of third-stage larvae and adults of cystidicoloides ephemeridarum from haemocoel of mayflies and stomach of brown trout was studied by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. in section, the intestine of both stages is composed of a single layer of about ten undifferentiated intestinal cells in a ring. a labyrinth of deep invaginations is present in the basal region of each cell. the apical surface is modified into well developed, regularly arranged microvilli. these, to ... | 2004 | 15549387 |
| effect of salinity on expression of branchial ion transporters in striped bass (morone saxatilis). | the time course of osmoregulatory adjustments and expressional changes of three key ion transporters in the gill were investigated in the striped bass during salinity acclimations. in three experiments, fish were transferred from fresh water (fw) to seawater (sw), from sw to fw, and from 15-ppt brackish water (bw) to either fw or sw, respectively. each transfer induced minor deflections in serum [na+] and muscle water content, both being corrected rapidly (24 hr). transfer from fw to sw increase ... | 2004 | 15562450 |
| lack of evidence of infectious salmon anemia virus in pollock pollachius virens cohabitating with infected farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. | the infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus causes lethargy, anemia, hemorrhage of the internal organs, and death in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. it has been a cause of disease in norwegian farmed atlantic salmon since 1984 and has since been identified in canada, scotland, the united states, and the faroe islands. wild fish have been proposed as a viral reservoir because they are capable of close contact with farmed salmon. laboratory studies have shown that brown trout and sea trout salmo ... | 2004 | 15584421 |
| silver contamination on abiotic and biotic compartments of nahuel huapi national park lakes, patagonia, argentina. | the ag contents of abiotic and biotic compartments of different lakes of nahuel huapi national park, patagonia, argentina were analyzed. the water bodies studied were lakes nahuel huapi, moreno, escondido, espejo chico and traful, the latter chosen as a reference lake. the ag concentration profiles of short sediment cores, dated by (210)pb and (137)cs techniques, were analyzed, as well as suspended load collected from three sites of lake nahuel huapi. the biota studied were the native mussel dip ... | 2005 | 15589254 |
| modulation of the steroidogenic activity of luteinizing hormone by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i through interaction with the camp-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway in the trout ovary. | in the salmonid ovary, luteinizing hormone (lh) is the major gonadotropic hormone stimulating the production of steroids during the periovulatory period and its effects are mediated by the camp-dependent protein kinase (pka) signaling pathway. we have previously shown that the in vitro steroidogenic activity of lh in the salmonid ovary is inhibited by insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) which, like insulin, has specific receptors in both theca and granulosa layers. in the present study, we have ... | 2005 | 15607528 |
| [hybridization between atlantic salmon salmo salar l. and brown trout s. trutta l. upon artificial propagation]. | samples of salmo salar and s. trutta were examined in 12 russian fish hatcheries. with protein markers, hybrids of the two species were found in three hatcheries of the baltic sea basin. some fishes had a phenotype intermediate between the s. salar and s. trutta phenotypes by morphological traits, but did not differ genetically from one of the parental species. possible consequences of hybridization and ways to prevent it are discussed. | 2004 | 15612571 |
| patterns of cell proliferation and cell death in the developing retina and optic tectum of the brown trout. | we have analyzed the patterns of cell proliferation and cell death in the retina and optic tectum of the brown trout (salmo trutta fario) throughout embryonic and postembryonic stages. cell proliferation was detected by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and apoptosis by means of the tunel method. haematoxylin and dapi staining were also used to demonstrate apoptotic cells. photoreceptor cell differentiation was assessed by immunohistoche ... | 2005 | 15617760 |
| a comparison of the toxicity of synergized and technical formulations of permethrin, sumithrin, and resmethrin to trout. | synthetic pyrethroids often have synergists added to improve effectiveness, yet decisions regarding the use of these pesticides are often based upon toxicity tests using technical material without the synergist, piperonyl butoxide. we conducted toxicity tests with brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (salmo trutta) to compare the toxicity of synergized and technical formulations of permethrin, sumithrin, and resmethrin. we found a significant increase in toxicity in the synergized ... | 2005 | 15696349 |
| survival of brown trout during spring flood in doc-rich streams in northern sweden: the effect of present acid deposition and modelled pre-industrial water quality. | mortality and physiological responses in brown trout (salmo trutta) were studied during spring snow melt in six streams in northern sweden that differed in concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (doc) and ph declines. data from these streams were used to create an empirical model for predicting fish responses (mortality and physiological disturbances) in doc-rich streams using readily accessible water chemistry parameters. the results suggest that fish in these systems can tolerate higher ac ... | 2005 | 15701399 |
| genetic structure of northwestern spanish brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations, differences between microsatellite and allozyme loci. | genetic variation in nine wild brown trout (salmo trutta l.) populations was studied by means of allozyme and microsatellite markers. all brown trout populations were clearly separated into two clusters that represented the sil and duero basins. although both markers revealed a strong genetic differentiation between basins, microsatellite loci resulted much more accurate when population structure at the intrabasin level was analysed. also pairwise multilocus fst estimates and assignment tests of ... | 2004 | 15703042 |
| the life cycle of henneguya nuesslini schuberg & schroder, 1905 (myxozoa) involves a triactinomyxon-type actinospore. | the life cycle of the histozoic myxozoan parasite henneguya nuesslini was investigated in two salmonid host species. naive brown trout, salmo trutta, and brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis, were experimentally infected in two trials by triactinomyxon type actinospores from naturally infected tubifex tubifex. in exposed common carp, cyprinus carpio, no myxospore production was detected. the parasite formed cysts with mature myxospores in the connective tissue of the fish 102 days post-exposure. t ... | 2005 | 15705152 |
| reelin expression in the retina and optic tectum of developing common brown trout. | reelin (reln) is an extracellular matrix protein largely related with laminar organization in several brain areas. the development of reln immunoreactivity in the retina and the optic tectum of the brown trout are analyzed with a monoclonal (142) antibody against reln whose suitability has been ascertained by western blot. in the retina of embryos and alevins, reln immunoreactivity is detected in cells of the ganglion cell layer (gcl) and inner nuclear layer (inl), and in the inner plexiform lay ... | 2004 | 15707672 |
| green fluorescent protein labeling of primordial germ cells using a nontransgenic method and its application for germ cell transplantation in salmonidae. | transplanting primordial germ cells (pgcs) has a number of potential applications in fish bioengineering. previously, we established a system to visualize live pgcs in the rainbow trout by introducing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene driven by rainbow trout vasa gene regulatory regions. however, for pgc transplantation to be practically useful in aquaculture, visualization of pgcs using a nontransgenic technique is required. in this study, we demonstrate a method for labeling pgcs from v ... | 2005 | 15744027 |
| diffusive gradients in thin films sampler predicts stress in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) exposed to aluminum in acid fresh waters. | increased levels of aluminum ions released from nutrient-poor soils affected by acid rain have been the primary cause of fish deaths in the acidified watersheds of southern norway. the complex aluminum chemistry in water requires speciation methods to measure the gill-reactive species imposing toxic effects toward fish. previously, aluminum speciation has mainly followed the fractionation principles outlined by barnes/driscoll, and several analogues of these fractionation principles have been us ... | 2005 | 15773491 |
| autoradiographic and immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor-i receptor binding sites in brain of the brown trout, salmo trutta. | insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), a peptide closely related to insulin, is known to play crucial roles in brain development. while the central sites of action of igf-i in higher vertebrates are now well established, surprisingly little is known in the teleost model where the brain undergoes continual, indeterminate, growth. in this study, we have mapped the distribution of putative igf-i receptor (igf-ir) binding sites in the brain of the brown trout using both ligand binding in vitro autora ... | 2005 | 15804507 |
| [parasite fauna in salmonidean fishes from the paanaiarvi-olanga lake-river system]. | the data on parasite fauna in the brown trout salmo trutta, white fish coregonus lavaretus, and grayling thymall thymallus from the paanajarvi-olanga lake-river system (white sea basin) are presented. as like-river systems in this area remain in natural conditions, without any anthropogenic pressure, the parasite fauna in salmonoideans from these water bodies had not been changed and has an archetypical state. the parasite fauna core is established in fishes aged 3+. parasite species forming the ... | 2005 | 15810556 |
| compensatory response 'defends' energy levels but not growth trajectories in brown trout, salmo trutta l. | compensatory growth is an organism's reaction to buffer deviations from targeted trajectories. we explored the compensatory patterns of juvenile brown trout under field and laboratory conditions. divergence of size and condition trajectories was induced by manipulating food levels in the laboratory and then releasing the trout into a river. in the stream, the length trajectories of food-restricted and control fish were parallel, but food-restricted fish exhibited partial compensation for mass an ... | 2005 | 15817434 |
| characterisation of salmon and trout cd8alpha and cd8beta. | the genes and corresponding cdnas of both alpha and beta chains of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cd8 molecule have been sequenced and characterized. in addition, the cdnas for alpha and beta chains of brown trout (salmo trutta) and for the beta chain in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) have been sequenced. the cdnas code for signal sequences which are preceded by short 5' utrs. these are followed by typical immunoglobulin superfamily variable sequences all of which contain two conserved c ... | 2005 | 15829311 |
| effects of redox cycling compounds on dt diaphorase activity in the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | background: dt diaphorase (dtd; nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.99.2) catalyses the two electron reduction of quinones, thus preventing redox cycling and consequently quinone dependent production of reactive oxygen species. in rat and mouse, a wide range of chemicals including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and quinones induces dtd. bifunctional compounds, such as beta-naphthoflavone (beta-nf) and benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p), induce dtd together with cyp1a and phase ii enzymes by a mechan ... | 2005 | 15871734 |
| activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) in liver and muscles of some fish. | in this study we examined superoxide dismutase (sod) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) concentration in liver and muscles of four fish species: the carp, the brown trout, the white cod and the flounder. higher sod activity and higher tbars concentration was revealed in the tissues of marine fish in comparison to freshwater fish. the highest sod activity was observed in the cod while the highest tbars concentration was in the flounder. the observed differences are proba ... | 2005 | 16196213 |
| molecular studies on the seasonal occurrence and development of five myxozoans in farmed salmo trutta l. | five myxozoan species, tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, sphaerospora truttae, chloromyxum schurovi, chloromyxum truttae and a myxobolus species were detected in farmed brown trout, salmo trutta l. from central scotland. using pcr and in situ hybridization, this study investigated the seasonal occurrence and tissue location of these species in young of the year brown trout. c. schurovi, c. truttae and myxobolus sp. were first detected in brown trout in april, 2 months before t. bryosalmonae and s. ... | 2006 | 16216135 |
| life on the edge: the long-term persistence and contrasting spatial genetic structure of distinct brown trout life histories at their ecological limits. | the atlantic iberian brown trout is at the southwestern limit of its distribution. at this ecological edge, which was once a glacial refugia, anadromy becomes less common as increased water temperatures restricted populations closer to the headwaters. we examined 847 individuals from 20 populations from throughout this region and assessed spatial genetic structure using 11 protein and four microsatellite loci. the higher levels of heterozygosity and allelic diversity north of the southernmost li ... | 2006 | 16489148 |
| molecular identity, phylogeny and life cycle of chloromyxum schurovi shul'man & ieshko 2003. | a myxosporean of the genus chloromyxum sp., which sporulates in the kidney tubules, was detected in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and brown trout, salmo trutta l., from three sites in scotland. a comparison with other reports of chloromyxum spores in the kidney of european salmonids suggests that they all refer to the same species, chloromyxum schurovi [shul'man bs, ieshko ep (2003). parazitologia 37:246-247]. apart from chloromyxum majori [yasutake wt, wood em (1957). j parasitol 43:633-637] ... | 2006 | 16502317 |
| occurrence of uv filters 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and octocrylene in fish from various swiss rivers with inputs from wastewater treatment plants. | uv filters are widely used compounds in many personal care products and cosmetics, such as sunscreens. after use, uv filters are washed off from skin and clothes and enter the aquatic environment. recent studies indicate that some lipophilic uv filters do accumulate in biota and act as endocrine disruptors. in this study, concentrations of 4-mbc (4-methylbenzylidene camphor) and oc (octocrylene), two widely used uv filters, were determined in the muscle tissue of fish (brown trout, salmo trutta ... | 2006 | 16568752 |
| the cost of catching up: increased winter mortality following structural growth compensation in the wild. | although laboratory and observational studies suggest that many animals are capable of compensatory growth after periods of food shortage, few field experiments have demonstrated structural growth compensation in the wild. here, we addressed the hypotheses that (i) food restriction can induce structural compensatory growth in free-living animals, (ii) that compensation is proportional to the level of body size retardation and (iii) that compensation induces mortality costs. to test these, wild b ... | 2006 | 16720403 |
| a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish. | we report on the construction of a linkage map for brown trout (salmo trutta) and its comparison with those of other tetraploid-derivative fish in the family salmonidae, including atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and arctic char (salvelinus alpinus). overall, we identified 37 linkage groups (2n = 80) from the analysis of 288 microsatellite polymorphisms, 13 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families. additionally, we used gene-centromere an ... | 2006 | 16452148 |
| development of a rapid, sensitive and non-lethal diagnostic assay for the detection of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. | a non-lethal diagnostic procedure based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology was developed to detect viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). sensitivity of the assay was tested using purified viral rna and seeded tissues. detection limits of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay were estimated to be 10 fg of purified rna and 0.97 x 10(3) or 10(0) tcid(50)/g of seeded tissue, depending on the experimental approach employed (viral adsorption allowed for 1 ... | 2006 | 16332395 |
| characterization of environmental estrogens in river water using a three pronged approach: active and passive water sampling and the analysis of accumulated estrogens in the bile of caged fish. | estrogenicity of river water is highly variable and it is difficult to obtain an average measure of the estrogenicity. consequently it is difficult to tie the estrogenic effects observed in fish to their level of exposure to estrogens. to get a better handle on average estrogenic exposure we tested a recently developed passive sampling system (polar organic chemical integrative sampler, pocis). in addition, we investigated the bioaccumulation of estrogens in caged brown trout and measured plasma ... | 2005 | 16294854 |
| mercury, polybrominated diphenyl ether, organochlorine pesticide, and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in fish from lakes along an elevation transect in the french pyrénées. | concentrations of mercury and persistent organic pollutants in fish were examined in 11 lakes of the french pyrénées spanning an elevation range of 2 km. all lakes were confined to a relatively small area within a 50-km diameter. most of the lakes were within the pyrénées national park, which is restricted to recreational hiking, angling, and seasonal grazing of livestock, and are not subject to any known point sources of contaminants. fish collected were mainly of 1 species (salmo trutta fario) ... | 2006 | 16253327 |
| cell proliferation in the developing and adult hindbrain and midbrain of trout and medaka (teleosts): a segmental approach. | we report here the histogenesis of the brainstem of the trout (salmo trutta fario) and the medaka (oryzias latipes) chosen as examples of teleosts with slow and fast growth, respectively. our results reveal that the sequence of formation of brain structures is rather similar in the teleosts species examined so far, but some interspecific differences do exist in terms of brainstem maturation at particular developmental stages, such as the end of the gastrulation and hatching periods. this sequenc ... | 2005 | 16236367 |
| identification and organ expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario). | although widely studied in mammals, little information about fish peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (ppars) is yet available. as a baseline for future studies, the three ppar isotypes were identified in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) and their organ distribution pattern was established. the cdna fragments encoding ppars alpha, beta and gamma were amplified by pcr, and the deduced sequences of the correspondent peptides were compared with other species sequences. both the 183 amino ... | 2005 | 16229908 |
| characterization of the estrogenicity of swiss midland rivers using a recombinant yeast bioassay and plasma vitellogenin concentrations in feral male brown trout. | in our study, we aim to characterize the estrogenicity of 18 independent rivers that receive effluent from sewage treatment works. during the winter and summer of 2003, we collected multiple water samples and measured environmental estrogens with an in vitro yeast-based reporter gene assay; estrogenicity was expressed as ng 17beta-estradiol equivalents (eeq) per l of water. estradiol equivalents values in winter ranged from 0.3 to 2.0 ng/l and, in summer, from 0.4 to 7.0 ng/l. winter and summer ... | 2005 | 16193750 |
| a hybrid empirical-mechanistic modeling approach for extrapolating biota-sediment accumulation factors and bioaccumulation factors across species, time, and/or ecosystems. | an approach is presented for extrapolating field-measured biota-sediment accumulation factors (bsafs) and bioaccumulation factors (bafs) across species, time, and/or ecosystems. this approach, called the hybrid bioaccumulation modeling approach, uses mechanistic bioaccumulation models to extrapolate field-measured bioaccumulation data (i.e., bsafs and bafs) to new sets of ecological conditions. the hybrid approach predicts relative differences in bioaccumulation using food web models with two se ... | 2006 | 16833159 |
| the parasite fauna of brown trout salmo trutta, white fish coregonus lavaretus, and grayling thymallus thymallus from water bodies of north karelia (russia). | the data on parasite fauna of brown trout salmo trutta, whitefish coregonus lavaretus, and grayling thymallus thymallus from lake-river system paanajarvi-olanga (white sea basin) are presented. as lake-river systems on this area remain in natural conditions, without any anthropogenic pressure, the parasite fauna of salmonidae in these water bodies had not been changed and has an archetypal status. | 2004 | 16865973 |
| effect of bisphenol a on maturation and quality of semen and eggs in the brown trout, salmo trutta f. fario. | in the present study male and female brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of bisphenol a (1.75, 2.40, 5.00 microg l(-1)) during the late prespawning and spawning period and the effect of this contaminant on maturation, quantity and quality of semen and eggs was investigated. in males exposed to estimated bpa concentrations of 1.75 and 2.40 microg l(-1) semen quality was lower than in the control in the beginning of spawning (reduced sperm de ... | 2005 | 16159676 |
| water-borne diclofenac affects kidney and gill integrity and selected immune parameters in brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario). | the detection of residues of various pharmaceuticals in surface waters during the last two decades has prompted concerns about possible adverse effects of this kind of pollution on aquatic organisms. the objective of the present study was to investigate effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, one of the pharmaceuticals most prevalent in surface waters, on brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario), a salmonid species native to german rivers. brown trout were exposed to 0.5, 5 an ... | 2005 | 16139376 |
| assessment of estrogenic exposure in brown trout (salmo trutta) in a swiss midland river: integrated analysis of passive samplers, wild and caged fish, and vitellogenin mrna and protein. | this field study examined the vitellogenin (vtg) biomarker response under conditions of low and fluctuating activities of environmental estrogenicity. the present study was performed on immature brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to the small river luetzelmurg, which is located in the prealpine swiss midland region and receives effluents from a single sewage treatment plant (stp). to understand better factors influencing the relationship between estrogenic exposure and vtg induction, we compared ... | 2006 | 16916027 |
| distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the food web of a high mountain lake, pyrenees, catalonia, spain. | we investigated the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in the food web organisms included in the diet of brown trout from a remote mountain lake. the preferential habitat and trophic level of the component species have been assessed from the signature of stable isotopes (delta13c and delta15n). subsequently, the patterns of accumulation and transformation of these hydrocarbons in the food chain have been elucidated. most of the food web organisms exhibit pah distributions largel ... | 2005 | 16117109 |
| cardiovascular responses of three salmonid species affected with amoebic gill disease (agd). | the cardiovascular effects of amoebic gill disease (agd) were investigated immediately following surgery in three salmonid species; atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). fish, both naïve (control) and infected (agd-affected) of each species, were fitted with dorsal aorta catheters and cardiac flow probes. cardiac output and dorsal aortic pressures were then continuously measured over a 6-h period following surgery. result ... | 2005 | 16088392 |
| the effects of acclimation to reversed seasonal temperatures on the swimming performance of adult brown trout salmo trutta. | adult brown trout (salmo trutta) were acclimatised to and maintained at seasonal temperatures (5 degrees c in winter; 15 degrees c in summer) and acclimated to reversed seasonal temperatures (15 degrees c in winter; 5 degrees c in summer) while exposed to the natural (i.e. seasonally variable) photoperiod. the mean critical swimming speeds (u(crit)) of animals acclimatised to the seasonal temperatures were similar, but more than 30% greater than those for fish acclimated to the reversed seasonal ... | 2005 | 16000538 |
| biological responses to the chemical recovery of acidified fresh waters in the uk. | we report biological changes at several uk acid waters monitoring network lakes and streams that are spatially consistent with the recovery of water chemistry induced by reductions in acid deposition. these include trends toward more acid-sensitive epilithic diatom and macroinvertebrate assemblages, an increasing proportional abundance of macroinvertebrate predators, an increasing occurrence of acid-sensitive aquatic macrophyte species, and the recent appearance of juvenile (<1 year old) brown t ... | 2005 | 15944042 |
| histochemistry of glycoconjugates in mucous cells of salmo trutta uninfected and naturally parasitized with intestinal helminths. | mucus secreted onto the surface of the intestine forms a physical barrier to invading parasites so that a possible attachment of helminths to the surface is prevented and their expulsion by peristalsis facilitated. in mammals, intestinal parasites induce hyperplasia and hypertrophy of intestine goblet cells and provoke changes in the mucus composition. in fish, this topic has received less attention. in the present investigation, histochemical methods were employed to compose intestinal mucous c ... | 2005 | 15900687 |
| activity of purine catabolism enzymes during the reproductive cycle of male and female brown trout (salmo trutta). | in order to detect predicted changes in purine catabolism during the annual reproductive cycle of brown trout, we measured the activity of xanthine dehydrogenase, urate oxidase, and allantoinase. in kidney, only xanthine dehydrogenase was detected. in female liver and kidney, the activity of these enzymes was higher in may and decreased during vitellogenesis, with urate oxidase being undetectable in this period. in male liver, a similar variation pattern was found; however, in kidney, high activ ... | 2005 | 15891084 |
| occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in brown trout bile and liver from swiss rivers. | the ranges of total polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in fish from four swiss rivers were 0.8-240 ng/g in the bile and 16-7400 ng/g lipid in the liver. pbde concentrations varied within each river and among the various rivers. female fish tended to have higher concentrations in the liver, while the male fish had higher concentrations in the bile. from the resulting pbde concentrations in fish it could not be infered that these contaminants contribute to the causes of the observed fish catch ... | 2007 | 17055136 |
| divergent stress coping styles in juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta). | two distinct stress coping styles, proactive and reactive, have been stated in various animal studies. this divergence in coping has also been indicated in salmonid fish. here, we test the hypothesis that divergent stress coping styles are identifiable in a sea-ranched brown trout population. to that end, we used a series of tests on individual juvenile brown trout, with each test including a common key aspect of the two different coping styles. using a clustering method (sas: proc fastclus), tw ... | 2005 | 15891033 |
| perfluorinated compounds in aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in a great lakes food chain. | trophic transfer of perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) and other related perfluorinated compounds was examined in a great lakes benthic foodweb including water-algae-zebra mussel-round goby-smallmouth bass. in addition, perfluorinated compounds were measured in livers and eggs of chinook salmon and lake whitefish, in muscle tissue of carp, and in eggs of brown trout collected from michigan. similarly, green frog livers, snapping turtle plasma, mink livers, and bald eagle tissues were analyzed to de ... | 2005 | 15883668 |
| genetic population structure of fishes: implications for coastal zone management. | the pattern for distribution of genetic variation within and between populations is referred to as the genetic population structure of the species. to avoid depletion of genetic resources sustainable management should be based on knowledge of this structure. we discuss key aspects of genetic population structure in the context of identifying biological units for fisheries management, suggesting three basic types of structuring: distinct populations; continuous change; and no differentiation. the ... | 2005 | 15865307 |
| cytochrome p4501a induction in brown trout exposed to small streams of an urbanised area: results of a five-year-study. | this case study examines the ability of the cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) biomarker to distinguish the pollution status of two small streams, krähenbach and körsch, receiving different levels of urban and agricultural impact, with low to moderate contamination by arylhydrocarbon receptor (ahr)-binding pahs and pcbs. brown trout, salmo trutta, exposed in enclosure restrictions, showed significant between-stream differences of hepatic cyp1a levels. erod activities were the better discriminator than cy ... | 2005 | 15840531 |
| carbohydrate localization on gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini and corresponding carbohydrate binding capacity of their hosts salmo salar and s. trutta. | the congeners gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini are specific ectoparasites of atlantic salmon salmo salar and brown trout s. trutta, respectively. to elucidate the involvement of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in this host specificity, carbohydrates on the tegument of the two species and the corresponding lectin activity of their hosts have been studied. carbohydrate composition on the tegument differed significantly between the two gyrodactylids. three of four commercially available perox ... | 2005 | 15831112 |
| gonad histology and vitellogenin concentrations in brown trout (salmo trutta) from danish streams impacted by sewage effluent. | brown trout (salmo trutta) collected from a number of danish streams impacted by sewage effluent were examined for alterations to gonadal development and induction of vitellogenin synthesis. among fish collected in june/july 2000/2001 and november 2002 higher levels of plasma vitellogenin were found in males from six streams impacted by sewage effluent compared to males from their respective reference sites. a direct non-competitive elisa was developed for brown trout vitellogenin in order to pe ... | 2006 | 16739033 |
| environmentally induced migration: the importance of food. | the decision to migrate or not is regarded as genetically controlled for many invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. here, we show that the environment influences this decision. by reciprocally transplanting brown trout (salmo trutta l.) between two sections in a river, we show that both migratory and non-migratory behaviour can be environmentally induced; migratory behaviour developed in a river section with high brown trout densities and low specific growth rates, whereas non-migratory behaviour de ... | 2006 | 16706909 |
| occurrence of the microsporidian parasite nucleospora salmonis in four species of salmonids from the massif central of france. | nucleospora salmonis (hedrick, groff et baxa, 1991), an intranuclear microsporidian parasite of marine and freshwater fish, causes diseases mainly in salmonid species. losses have been reported in stocks of salmonid fish reared in the region of auvergne (france). the cause of chronic mortalities in the local host species raised in aquaculture and destined for supplementation of the river system loire-allier was examined. the presence of n. salmonis was confirmed by pcr and histology in salmo sal ... | 2006 | 16696429 |
| the role of trout in stream food webs: integrating evidence from field surveys and experiments. | 1. we evaluated the effects of brown trout on boreal stream food webs using field surveys and enclosure/exclosure experiments. experimental results were related to prey preference of uncaged trout in the same stream, as well as to a survey of macroinvertebrate densities in streams with vs. without trout. finally, we assessed the generality of our findings by examining salmonid predation on three groups of macroinvertebrate prey (chironomid midges, epibenthic grazers, invertebrate predators) in a ... | 2006 | 16637995 |
| antioxidative stress proteins and their gene expression in brown trout (salmo trutta) from three rivers with different heavy metal levels. | three populations of brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to different metal levels in their natural environments, were studied with respect to antioxidants metallothionein (mt), superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) as well as for corresponding mrna levels. in addition, mrna levels were studied for glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione reductase (gr). the cd/zn-exposed trout (naustebekken river) had higher accumulated levels of cd, cu and zn in gills, and higher levels of mt (both ... | 2006 | 16616685 |
| on the respiratory exchange in fresh water fish. part i. on brown trout. | | 1914 | 16742325 |
| on the respiratory exchange in fresh-water fish. part ii: on brown trout. | | 1914 | 16742341 |
| biomarkers in fish from dioxin-contaminated fjords. | the grenland fjords, southern norway, have been heavily contaminated by dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) over decades through inputs from a magnesium smelter. despite radically decreased inputs since 1990, there are still high levels of dioxins in both biotic and abiotic components of the fjords. the aim of the study was to establish whether biomarkers' responses in three fish species, atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.), sea-trout (anadromous brown trout, salmo trutta l.) and flounder ( ... | 2006 | 16766388 |
| dispersal and rapid evolution in brown trout colonizing virgin subantarctic ecosystems. | two brown trout salmo trutta stocks of different origin (wild polish, domestic commercial) came into secondary contact after deliberate releases conducted in virgin rivers systems of the subantarctic kerguelen islands (70 degrees e 49 degrees s). samples obtained in 2001-2003 and a historical sample from 1993 were analysed for genetic variation at seven microsatellite loci and one allozyme locus (ldh-c1*). bayesian clustering analysis demonstrated that rapid genetic differentiation formed separa ... | 2006 | 16780537 |
| induction and activity of oxidative stress-related proteins during waterborne cu-exposure in brown trout (salmo trutta). | induction of gene transcription for proteins and enzymes involved in metal-mediated oxidative stress were studied in brown trout transferred to a cu-contaminated river in the røros region in central norway. in addition to metallothionein (mt-a), cu/zn-superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione reductase (gr) gene transcription, protein levels of mt and enzyme activities of sod and cat were analyzed in gill, liver and kidney. mt-a, sod and gr transcri ... | 2006 | 16780922 |
| phylogeographic study of brown trout from serbia, based on mitochondrial dna control region analysis. | in order to illuminate the phylogeography of brown trout (salmo trutta) populations in the balkan state of serbia, the 561 bp 5'-end of mtdna control region of 101 individuals originating from upland tributaries of the danubian, aegean and adriatic drainages were sequenced and compared to corresponding brown trout sequences obtained in previous studies. among 15 haplotypes found, 14 were considered native, representing the danubian and adriatic lineages of the brown trout, while one haplotype (a ... | 2006 | 16790230 |
| introgression in the genus salmo via allotriploids. | hybridization between sympatric species is not uncommon in the wild. wild allotriploids (individuals with two chromosome sets from a species + one chromosome set from another species) are generally the result of a backcross between interspecific hybrids that produce unreduced gametes and one of the parental species. in animals, allotriploids are commonly sterile, except for some vertebrate species complexes in which allotriploids reproduce by parthenogenesis, gynogenesis and/or hybridogenesis, p ... | 2007 | 17402987 |
| antibody response of brown trout salmo trutta injected with pathogenic saprolegnia parasitica antigenic extracts. | brown trout salmo trutta injected with antigenic extracts from a pathogenic isolate of saprolegnia parasitica developed specific antibodies that were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunofluorescence (if) and western blotting (wb), but not by immunodiffusion (id). three groups of five 2 yr old brown trout were injected intraperitoneally with 3 different antigenic extracts: small hyphal fragments (hf) and soluble extracts from sonicated mycelia grown in medium with or with ... | 2007 | 17432039 |
| epizootiology of myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of salmonid whirling disease in the rock creek drainage of west-central montana. | whirling disease, caused by the myxozoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis, remains a health threat to salmonid fish in the western united states. although various aspects of this host-parasite system have been studied, investigations examining the overall epizootiology of whirling disease in an ecosystem are lacking. therefore, in june 1998, studies were initiated in the rock creek watershed of west-central montana and continued through 2003 to assess the intensity of infection in trout using senti ... | 2007 | 17436949 |