| replication of porcine circoviruses. | porcine circoviruses are circular single-stranded dna viruses that infect swine and wild boars. two species of porcine circoviruses exist. porcine circovirus type 1 is non pathogenic contrary to porcine circovirus type 2 which is associated with the disease known as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. porcine circovirus dna has been shown to replicate by a rolling circle mechanism. other studies have revealed similar mechanisms of rolling-circle replication in plasmids and single-strand ... | 2009 | 19450240 |
| multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections. | multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ... | 2009 | 19467264 |
| distribution of antibodies against porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) in single site and multi-site farrow-to-finish farms in brazil. | a comparative serologic study was performed in seven single site (ss) farrow-to-finish farms and four multi-site (ms) farrow-to-finish farms, with or without post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in each farm, 30 blood samples were collected for each category of the production cycle: sows, farrowing crate, nursery, grower pigs, and finishing pigs. sera were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) via immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. serologic p ... | 2009 | 19467684 |
| reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs by prenatal porcine circovirus 2 infection and postnatal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was reproduced in prenatally porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-infected pigs by either postnatal infection with porcine parvovirus (ppv) or by immunostimulation. twenty-four randomly selected piglets from 3 sows, which had been experimentally infected during gestation with pcv2, were randomly divided into 3 groups; group 1 (prenatal pcv2 infection, with postnatal ppv infection), group 2 (prenatal pcv2 infection, with postnatal keyhole limpet hemocyanin ... | 2008 | 18984787 |
| comparison of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2)-specific antibodies after vaccination or inoculation of pigs with distinct pcv-1 or pcv-2 isolates. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) serology is frequently used to determine pcv-2 status and optimal timing of pcv-2 vaccination in the field. the objectives of the current study are to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 3 currently available commercial anti-immunoglobulin g (igg) pcv-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and to compare the ability of the 3 assays to detect and differentiate between anti-pcv-2a and anti-pcv-2b antibodies, as well as anti-pcv-2 and anti-pcv-1 antibodies. fift ... | 2008 | 18987223 |
| infection, excretion and seroconversion dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected farms in spain and denmark. | longitudinal case-control studies were performed in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected farms from denmark and spain using similar designs. fourteen independent batches of 100-154 pigs per batch were monitored from birth to pmws outbreak occurrence. pigs displaying pmws-like signs and matched healthy cohorts were euthanized during the clinical outbreak. pmws was diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria and pigs were classified as: (i) pmws cases, (ii) wast ... | 2009 | 19027247 |
| dendritic cells--at the front-line of pathogen attack. | efficient immune defence function is dependent on the role played by dendritic cells (dcs), particularly the interaction between conventional dc (cdc) and plasmacytoid dc (pdc), together with other monocytic cells. this functionality of immune defences is open to manipulation by viral pathogens infecting dc, a situation further complicated by the diversity of mechanisms employed by different viruses and the subset of dc involved. the present review uses two virus examples--classical swine fever ... | 2009 | 19036457 |
| regulator of g protein signalling 16 is a target for a porcine circovirus type 2 protein. | interaction studies have suggested that the non-structural protein encoded by open reading frame 3 (orf3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) binds specifically to a regulator of g protein signalling (rgs) related to human rgs16 (hurgs16). the full-length clone of rgs16 was generated from porcine cells and sequence analysis revealed a close relationship to hurgs16 and murine rgs16. in vitro pull-down experiments verified an interaction between porcine rgs16 (porgs16) and orf3 from pcv2. using gs ... | 2009 | 19570954 |
| classification and putative origins of brazilian porcine circovirus 2 inferred through phylogenetic and phylogeographical approaches. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the major causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and is associated with different syndromes affecting pigs. the pcv2 genome has three main open reading frames (orfs) among which the orf2 encodes the capsid protein. in this study, the orf2 nucleotide sequences of 30 brazilian isolates were analyzed. the sequences were compared to other genbank sequences using phylogenic and phylogeographic approaches. our results show high sequence vari ... | 2009 | 19041916 |
| pathogen exposure in feral swine populations geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises and commercial swine production. | surveys for evidence of exposure to pseudorabies virus (prv), brucella suis, swine influenza virus (siv; human-like h1n1, reassortant type h1n1, h1n2-like h1n1 and h3n2), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv 2), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) in feral swine (sus scrofa) were conducted in areas where feral swine were geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises in south carolina and high densities of commercial swine production in north caroli ... | 2009 | 19617481 |
| interaction of the replication proteins and the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 1 and 2 with host proteins. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important pathogen in swine, whereas porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is apathogenic. to analyze the interactions between pcv and its host, we have used a yeast two-hybrid assay to identify cellular proteins interacting with cap and rep proteins of both pcv genotypes. six cellular proteins were found to interact with cap (mkrn1, gc1qr, par-4, nap1, npm1 and hsp40) and three with rep (znf265, tdg and vg5q). these interactions were confirmed by co-immunopreci ... | 2009 | 19178923 |
| difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between landrace and pietrain pigs. | anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) associated disease among landrace and pietrain breeds. the objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in pcv2 susceptibility between landrace and pietrain pigs under experimental conditions. thirty-nine landrace pigs and 39 pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: landra ... | 2009 | 19181769 |
| development of primer-probe energy transfer real-time pcr for the detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2. | a real-time pcr assay, based on primer-probe energy transfer (priproet), was developed to improve the detection and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 (pvc2). pcv2 is recognised as the essential infectious agent in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and has been associated with other disease syndromes such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) and porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). since circoviruses commonly occur in the pig populations and ther ... | 2009 | 19635716 |
| comparative study of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with different types of antibody (monoclonal vs. polyclonal, natural vs. synthetic) was compared to detect porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with experimentally and naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. pcv2 dna and antigen was detected in tissues from both experimentally and naturally infected pigs by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. statistical ... | 2009 | 19652494 |
| heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies. | a capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv 2) serves as a diagnostic antigen for the detection of pcv 2-associated disease known as a postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this report, a bacterial expression system was developed for the expression and purification of the full-length pcv 2 capsid (cap) protein from a codon-optimized cap gene. replacement of rare arginine codons located at the 5' end of the cap reading frame with codons optimal for e. coli was found to overcome ... | 2009 | 19664658 |
| the optimized capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 expressed in yeast forms virus-like particles and elicits antibody responses in mice fed with recombinant yeast extracts. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated diseases are considered to be the biggest problem for the worldwide swine industry. the pcv2 capsid protein (cap) is an important antigen for development of vaccines. at present, most anti-pcv2 vaccines are produced as injectable formulations. although effective, these vaccines have certain drawbacks, including stress with concomitant immunosuppresion, and involve laborious and time-consuming procedures. in this study, saccharomyces cerevisiae was used ... | 2009 | 19664739 |
| nucleotide sequence-based identification of a novel circovirus of canaries. | circovirus-like, spherical particles measuring 16 to 18 nm in diameter were detected in organ homogenates from adult canaries that had died after a short illness characterized by dullness, anorexia, lethargy and feather disorder. a polymerase chain reaction method, based on degenerate primers specific to conserved amino acid sequences in the circovirus replication-associated protein, was used to amplify dna specific to a novel circovirus, tentatively named canary circovirus (ccv). sequence analy ... | 2001 | 19184917 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) variants pcv2-1 and pcv2-2 in brazilian pig population. | in the present study whole genome of six brazilian isolates of pcv2 were sequenced, analyzed and compared with 35 other sequences (24 from other countries and 17 from brazil). the phylogenetic analysis showed that mostly brazilian variants of pcv2 were grouped as pcv2-1. two isolates among the six analyzed here could not be grouped with any other pcv2-2 analyzed in this study. one of these isolates was from an aborted fetus with myocarditis and the other from a pmws affected pig. the results poi ... | 2009 | 19185892 |
| immunogenicity of bacteriophage lambda particles displaying porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein epitopes. | phage lambda particles displaying four immunodominant regions of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (ldp-d-cap) was shown to be immunogenic in pigs. the immunodominant regions were fused to the carboxyl-terminal of lambda head protein d. expression of d-cap on lambda display particles was demonstrated by elisa and western blots. pigs receiving ldp-d-cap, without incorporating adjuvant, showed significant anti-pcv2 immune response following the primary vaccination. the ldp-d-cap preparati ... | 2009 | 19712770 |
| evaluation of the safety of four porcine circovirus type 2 tissue homogenate vaccines in a pig bioassay. | ten four-week-old porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) naive piglets were housed individually in a hepa-filtered isolator and were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups. each of the two pigs in groups 1 to 4 received two intramuscular doses of 2 ml of one of four different autogenous tissue homogenate vaccines (thvs) 14 days apart, and the other two pigs received 2 ml of pcv-2 virus or sterile phosphate buffered saline. when the piglets were euthanased 14 days after the second dose, the ... | 2009 | 19717831 |
| jnk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | infection with a wide variety of viruses often perturbs host cell signaling pathways including the jun nh(2)-terminal kinase/stress-activated kinase (jnk/sapk) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/mapk), which are important components of cellular signal transduction pathways. the present study demonstrated for the first time that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which is the primary causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, can activa ... | 2009 | 19339353 |
| protective immunity against porcine circovirus 2 by vaccination with orf2-based dna and subunit vaccines in mice. | the protective immune response against porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection in mice was characterized using flow cytometric analysis (fcm), assays of antibody (of different igg isotypes) and viraemia, and histopathological examination. an open reading frame 2 plasmid (porf2) and the capsid protein (cap) of pcv2 were used as dna and subunit vaccines, respectively. in fcm analysis, although porf2 and cap alone showed comparable efficacy in eliciting lymphoproliferative responses and cap-specific ... | 2008 | 18632956 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 replication is impaired by inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) signaling pathway. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which is primarily caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), is an emerging and important swine disease. we have recently shown that pcv2 induces nuclear factor kappa b activation and its activation is required for active replication, but the other cellular factors involved in pcv2 replication are not well defined. the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) which served as an important component of cellular signal transduction pathways has been ... | 2009 | 19215954 |
| effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination of the dam on pcv2 replication in utero. | the aims of this study were to determine if porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination of the dam is effective in preventing fetal pcv2 infection and reproductive failure. twelve pregnant, pcv2-naïve sows were randomly divided into four groups, with three sows in each group. group 1 sows served as noninoculated, nonvaccinated negative controls, group 2 sows were vaccinated with a commercially available pcv2 vaccine at 28 days of gestation and were not inoculated, group 3 sows were vaccinated a ... | 2009 | 19357312 |
| occurrence and tissue distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 identified by immunohistochemistry in danish finishing pigs at slaughter. | infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) may be subclinical or lead to the development of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd), which includes the entities of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). pcv2 infection and pmws occur in the early post-weaning period and are also recognized in finishing pigs of 12-19 weeks of age. the aim of the present study was to assess the role of pcv2 infection in disease of finishing pigs. accord ... | 2010 | 19744669 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in republic of korea. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, 38 pcv2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in republic of korea were sequenced and analyzed. phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two pcv2 groups with at least four subgroups (1a, 1c, 2d, and 2e). most cases obtained from pmws-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clin ... | 2010 | 19744683 |
| reproductive failure experimentally induced in sows via artificial insemination with semen spiked with porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with reproductive failure in female pigs. however, the association of pcv2-positive semen in the pathogenesis has not been elucidated. the objectives of this study were to determine whether semen spiked with pcv2 causes infection in pcv2-naïve, mature female pigs and whether delivery of pcv2 via artificial insemination causes reproductive failure or fetal infection. nine sows were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 3 sows each and artificially inse ... | 2009 | 19276045 |
| retrospective serological survey of porcine circovirus-2 infection in mexico. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is considered a multifactorial emerging disease of which porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the necessary infectious cause. however, retrospective studies have shown that pmws is not a new disease and that pcv-2 has been circulating in pig farms for years. most of these studies were performed in europe and asia; only a few were performed in north or south america. a pcv-2 retrospective serological survey was carried out with 659 serum samples collec ... | 2009 | 19337391 |
| recombination of two porcine circovirus type 2 strains. | pigs can be concurrently infected with different pcv2 strains. in this study, a cell-culture-adapted pcv2 strain, originating from a pmws-affected pig, was purified by limiting dilution. three different strains were obtained, and one of them was a perfect mosaic of the other two, with recombination breakpoints in orf1 and orf2. incongruence was observed between phylogenetic trees constructed with the whole genome, orf1 and orf2. amplification of orf1 and orf2 from original material, followed by ... | 2009 | 19365602 |
| development and evaluation of an indirect in situ polymerase chain reaction for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. | taking advantage of the high sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the cell-localizing ability of in situ hybridization (ish), an indirect in situ pcr (ispcr) method was developed for detecting the distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded inguinal lymph nodes obtained from clinically healthy pcv2-carrier pigs and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. comparisons of the relative sensitivity of indirect ispcr w ... | 2009 | 19414228 |
| a genetically engineered chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) improves clinical, pathological and virological outcomes in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected farms. | the present study describes the effects of a commercially available genetically engineered chimeric vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on clinical, pathological and virological features in three multi-site farms suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the vaccine product was able to reduce clinical signs, pcv2 viral load in lymphoid organs and/or sera, and overall mortality in nurseries and fattening units. this is the first time in which is shown that a p ... | 2009 | 19800439 |
| individual risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs: a hierarchical bayesian survival analysis. | risk factors for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) at the pig level were identified using data from a longitudinal study in seven pmws-affected farms in france. in each farm, a representative sample of 120 pigs (180 in one farm) was randomly selected after farrowing and followed from birth to slaughter. individual information included serological status for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) ... | 2009 | 19477031 |
| genetic variation analysis of chinese strains of porcine circovirus type 2. | forty chinese pcv2 strains collected between 2004 and 2008 were sequenced and their genetic variations were analyzed together with nine previous pcv2 isolates. phylogenetic analysis indicated that these chinese pcv2 strains could be divided into four genotypes (pcv-2a, pcv-2b, pcv-2d and pcv-2e), and the genotype pcv-2c defined in denmark was not found. pcv-2d and pcv-2e were two genotypes firstly determined in our study. variation analysis of amino acids of capsid protein revealed that chinese ... | 2009 | 19540280 |
| exploratory study on the transcriptional profile of pigs subclinically infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | the aim of this exploratory work was to use a microarray-based approach to study the global transcriptome profile of caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (cdcd) piglets experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). pcv2-inoculated piglets developed a subclinical infection, as confirmed by serology, in situ hybridization and quantitative pcr. total rna from mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs was obtained by duplicate from 2 control and 2 pcv2-inoculated piglets and was hybridized ... | 2009 | 19544206 |
| cytokine mrna expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from piglets experimentally co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) significantly impact the swine industry worldwide. co-infections with these viruses are common and several lines of evidence suggest that both prrsv and pcv2 modify host immune responses that facilitate infection. this study examined cytokine mrna expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from piglets experimentally co-infected with prrsv and pcv2 to define the influence of co ... | 2010 | 19854008 |
| efficacy of different protocols of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | in order to control growing problems associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) several vaccines for piglets or sows were introduced recently. an objective of the study was to compare an efficacy of three different vaccination protocols in the herd with acute postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) outbreak affecting 3-month-old pigs. all of three applied protocols, namely vaccination of sows, piglets or sows and piglets with circovac proved to be efficacious in controlling of pm ... | 2010 | 19910048 |
| a study on the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in dutch fattening pigs with respiratory diseases. | this study was set up to get more insights in the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections in dutch fattening farms in an endemic pcv2-situation with no clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in part a of the study, in total 29 commercial fattening farms with varying percentages of pneumonia and pleurisy at slaughter were examined. blood samples were collected at random by cross-sectional sampling; 10 in the age of 10-12 weeks, 10 at th ... | 2010 | 19913367 |
| effect of natural or vaccine-induced porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) immunity on fetal infection after artificial insemination with pcv2 spiked semen. | the objectives of this study were to determine if vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) or previous pcv2 infection of the dam are sufficient to prevent fetal infection when dams are artificially inseminated with pcv2-spiked semen. nine sows (sus domestica) were allocated into three groups of three dams each: the pcv2 naïve negative control group 1 was artificially inseminated with extended pcv2 dna negative semen during estrus, whereas the extended semen used in the vaccinated gro ... | 2009 | 19559470 |
| differential effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on pcv2 genotypes at japanese pig farms. | infection of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes a variety of disorders collectively referred to as porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvads). pcv2 isolates can be classified into two major types: pcv2a and pcv2b. in the present study, effects of vaccination on antibody titers in sera, pcv2 viremia, and shedding of pcv2 in feces were studied on japanese commercial pig farms where vaccination of piglets against pcv2 was performed using commercially available vaccines. the effe ... | 2010 | 19915335 |
| multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) of pcv2 genomes: applications on detection, sequencing and virus isolation. | multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) was used to amplify porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genomes isolated from tissues of pigs with signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). two of the amplified pcv2 genomes were cloned in prokaryotic plasmids and sequenced. both were nearly identical (1767 nt) except for one silent substitution in the region coding for the capsid protein (orf2). in addition, they showed high nucleotide sequence similarity with pcv2 isolates f ... | 2010 | 19917510 |
| transmission of different variants of pcv2 and viral dynamics in a research facility with pigs mingled from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has been identified in most swine-producing countries worldwide. the disease has resulted in significant health challenges and economic damage to the swine industry. the aim of this study was to determine horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and to examine viral dynamics in pigs in a controlled pmws transmission study. in the study pigs from pmws-affected herds and non-affected herds were permitted to have close contact (s ... | 2009 | 19576705 |
| a new emerging genotype subgroup within pcv-2b dominates the pmws epizooty in switzerland. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is among the most important emerging pig diseases worldwide. initially, the insidious nature of the disease made it difficult to pinpoint the pathogen. the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in all pmws diseased animals led to its acceptance, possibly together with an unknown factor, as the causative agent for pmws. also, presence of pcv2 in healthy individuals did not facilitate the understanding of the disease. phylogenetic classifica ... | 2009 | 19081207 |
| detection of truncated circular dna species in escherichia coli with a pcv2-containing plasmid with a single pcv2 origin of replication. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small circular single-stranded dna virus that causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. cloning of the pcv2 genome in a plasmid allows the construction of infectious clones. our objective was to clone single pcv2 genomes from an isolate containing a mixture of strains, in a plasmid in order to obtain pure pcv2 strains. | 2010 | 19955818 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 orf3 protein competes with p53 in binding to pirh2 and mediates the deregulation of p53 homeostasis. | the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis in virus-infected cells and is not essential for virus replication. the orf3 protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the pcv2 infection in mouse models and spf piglets. the orf3 protein interacts with the porcine homologue of pirh2 (ppirh2), a p53-induced ubiquitin-protein e3 ligase, which regulates p53 ubiquitination. here, we present our study analyzing the details of the molecular interaction between these th ... | 2010 | 20004925 |
| comparison of efficacy of commercial one dose and two dose pcv2 vaccines using a mixed prrsv-pcv2-siv clinical infection model 2-3-months post vaccination. | the study objectives were to compare the duration of immunity of commercially available, one and two dose, killed porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines. sixty, 3.5-week-old pigs were randomly divided into six treatment groups: one dose vaccines (fdah-1, bivi-1), two dose vaccines (intervet-2, fdah-2), and non-vaccinated negative and positive controls. tissue homogenate challenge was conducted 63 (two doses) or 84 (one dose) days post vaccination. viremia was reduced by 78.5% in pigs vaccinat ... | 2009 | 19100807 |
| rapid pre-clinical detection of classical swine fever by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | the usefulness of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for rapid pre-clinical detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection was evaluated. the rt-lamp reaction could be finished in 60 min under isothermal condition at 65 degrees c by employing a set of four primers targeting the 5' untranslated region of csfv. the rt-lamp assay of csfv showed higher sensitivities than that of rt-pcr, with a detection limit of 5 copies per reaction. no cross-reactivit ... | 2009 | 19103283 |
| cellular adaptive immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 in subclinically infected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a dominant causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a multifactorial disease complex with putative immunosuppressive characteristics. little is known about adaptive pcv2-specific immune responses in infected pigs. therefore, the t and b cell responses following pcv2 infection in 3-week old spf piglets infected with pcv2 or pcv2 plus porcine parvovirus (ppv) were studied. | 2009 | 20028550 |
| [biological character of porcine circovirus type 2 with site mutation at interferon stimulation reaction element (isre) like region in rep gene promoter]. | to explore the biological function of the interferon stimulation reaction element (isre) like motif ctgaaaacgaaaga within porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) rep promoter. | 2009 | 20030061 |
| first report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in cuba. | to obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status of pigs in cuba and the probable association of pcv2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for pcv2. ten of the 23 pcv2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine pa ... | 2010 | 20031180 |
| [porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)--associations between sequence, function and virulence]. | presently, potential associations between pcv2 virulence and -sequence are discussed controversially. practitioners are rattled, whether and to which extent spatio-temporal variations in pcv2 associated diseases (pcvd) on farms might be attributed to distinct pcv2 strains, differing in virulence, and if this factor should be taken into account regarding diagnosis and prophylaxis. the present paper provides a review on known and discussed functional elements of the pcv2 genome and their significa ... | 2008 | 19113027 |
| effect of porcine circovirus type 2 infection and replication on activated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | the goal of this study was to examine the effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection and replication on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in the presence of mitogens, concanavalin a (cona) or pokeweed mitogen (pwm) in vitro. the level of pcv2 replication and the impact of infection on pbmc proliferation, viability and the level of apoptosis in the presence or absence of mitogen stimulation were assessed. mitogen stimulation increased viral replication in pbmcs as measured by t ... | 2009 | 19118906 |
| immunity conferred by an experimental vaccine based on the recombinant pcv2 cap protein expressed in trichoplusia ni-larvae. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination has been recently included as a measure to control postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in the field. aiming to obtain a more affordable vaccine to be extensively implemented in the field, a highly efficient non-fermentative expression platform based on trichoplusia ni (t. ni) larvae was used to produce a baculovirus-derived recombinant pcv2 cap protein (rcap) for vaccine purposes. vaccination of pigs with rcap induced solid protection ag ... | 2010 | 20056179 |
| detection of porcine circovirus 2 in mammary and other tissues from experimentally infected sows. | the aim of this study was to determine whether porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) may infect the mammary gland of sows and be shed in the milk. six pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with pcv2 three weeks before their expected farrowing date and two further sows acted as uninfected controls. the animals remained clinically healthy and farrowed normally. milk samples were collected from all sows on the first, second and third days of lactation. pcv2 dna was detected in the milk of infected sows ... | 2009 | 19124134 |
| the n-terminus of porcine circovirus type 2 replication protein is required for nuclear localization and ori binding activities. | porcine circovirus type 2 possesses a circular, single-stranded dna genome that requires the replication protein (rep) for virus replication. to characterize the dna binding potential and the significant region that confers the nuclear localization of the rep protein, the defined coding regions of rep gene were cloned and expressed. all of the recombinant proteins except for the n-terminal 110 residues deletion mutant could bind to the double-stranded minimal binding site of replication origin ( ... | 2009 | 19150331 |
| immunohistochemical detection of aetiological agents of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in italian pigs. | proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) is a form of interstitial pneumonia that occurs in weaning and post-weaning pigs. pnp is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type ii pneumocytes and coagulative necrosis and granular debris within alveolar spaces. canadian and european studies suggest that the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are the main causes of the disease, but aujezsky's disease virus (adv) and swine inf ... | 2010 | 19631945 |
| differential proteome analysis of host cells infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which is an emerging swine immunosuppressive disease. to uncover cellular protein responses in pcv2-infected pk-15 cells, the comprehensive proteome profiles were analyzed utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) coupled with maldi-tof/tof identification. multiple comparisons of 2-de revealed that the majority of changes in protein expression occurred at 48-96 h after pcv2 i ... | 2009 | 19708719 |
| lux real-time pcr assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2. | light upon extension real-time pcr (lux real-time pcr) assay was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the primers flanking a 114 bp fragment were selected from orf1. the optimized assay could detect 20 viral copies of pbluescript sk+ plasmid containing inserted pcv2 dna. the dynamic range of quantitative analysis covered a 7-order interval ranging from 20 to 2 x 10(8) genome equivalents per assay with the best results in the range from 2 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(7) viral cop ... | 2010 | 20138916 |
| interference of porcine circovirus type 2 orf2 immunogenicity by orf1 and orf3 mixed dna immunizations in mice. | little is known about the influences of other porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) proteins on the immunogenicity of cap protein. here we constructed plasmids expressing the orf1 (porf1) and orf3 (porf3) of pcv2, and mixed either of them with the plasmid expressing orf2 (porf2) as combined dna vaccines, to compare their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. our data revealed that porf1 reduced the cap-specific cd8(+)cell frequency, and both porf1 and porf3 attenuated the cap-specific th1 and post- ... | 2009 | 19709712 |
| characterization and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies recognizing n-terminus of rep of porcine circovirus type 2. | two genotypes of porcine circovirus (pcv) have been described, the non-pathogenic pcv1 and the pathogenic pcv2 in pigs. pcv-orf1 encodes rep and rep' proteins which have identical n-terminal sequence (repn) within each pcv strain, but repn has only 88% similarity between pcv1 and pcv2. purified repn of pcv2 was used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). 11 mabs were screened out and established, and they were divided into two groups according to western blot and ifa results. o ... | 2010 | 20152863 |
| infection of cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and swine influenza virus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and swine influenza virus (siv) are important pathogens for porcine respiratory disease complex, which is economically significant worldwide. the pathogenesis of pcv2-siv coinfection is unknown. in this study, we focused on establishing a challenge model for pcv2 to determine whether siv influences pcv2 replication and increases the severity of pcv2-associated disease. cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intratracheally with cell culture medi ... | 2010 | 20158948 |
| influence of husbandry and control measures on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) dynamics within a farrow-to-finish pig farm: a modelling approach. | we assessed, using a modelling approach, the influence of several management practices within a farrow-to-finish farm on the age of pcv-2 infection. the impact of pcv-2 vaccination with different vaccination schemes on infection dynamics, was also tested. a stochastic individual-based model describing the population dynamics in a typical french farrow-to-finish pig farm was built and coupled with an epidemiological model of pcv-2 infection. the parameters of the infectious model were mainly obta ... | 2009 | 19720410 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pigs. | long-term pcv2 infection and/or concurrent infection with genotypes pcv2a and pcv2b may play a role in the development of clinical porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). to evaluate this premise, 24 11-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: negative controls, a single inoculation with pcv2a, single inoculation followed by re-inoculation with a homologous pcv2a strain, or repeated inoculations with heterologous strains (pcv2a, pcv2b). pigs ... | 2010 | 20167193 |
| an investigation of the pathology and pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex in denmark. | respiratory infections are among the most important diseases of growing pigs. in order to elucidate the multifactorial aetiology of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) in denmark, lungs from 148 finishing pigs with cranioventral bronchopneumonia (case group) and 60 pigs without lung lesions (control group) were collected from abattoirs. the pathogens involved in prdc and their interactions were identified and linked to the histopathological diagnosis. the lung samples were cultured for ba ... | 2010 | 20181357 |
| porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) induces a procoagulant state in naturally infected swine and in cultured endothelial cells. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd). pcvd is an emerging disease that has been reported worldwide, associated with wasting, lymphoid depletion, enteritis, pneumonia, vasculitis, ischemic lesions, and necrotizing dermatitis. although pcvd causes considerable economic losses, the pathogenesis of pcv2 has not been fully understood. the aim of the present work was to study the participation of hemostatic system and of vascular endothelium i ... | 2010 | 19733020 |
| optimal probe size and fixation time for the detection of porcine circovirus-2 dna by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. | probe size and fixation time for detecting porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from experimentally infected pigs were optimized. in situ hybridization using a 169-base pair (bp) probe detected significantly fewer pcv-2-positive cells than when using 8 other larger probes (p < 0.05). the difference in hybridization intensity between smaller probes (169 and 225 bp) and larger probes (416, 473, 571, 631, 693, and 753 bp) was statist ... | 2009 | 19737760 |
| systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent porcine circovirus-2 infection in a pig. | systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) was diagnosed in a fattening pig. clinical examination of the herd showed that up to 30% of the pigs of this weight group suffered from severe respiratory signs including sneezing and coughing, with a mortality rate of up to 5%. gross necropsy examination revealed severe interstitial pneumonia and generalized lymphadenopathy. on microscopical examination there was necrotizing inflammation of the lung, adrenal gland ... | 2010 | 19740479 |
| detection of a novel porcine boca-like virus in the background of porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) has been found to be the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). however, pcv-2 is a ubiquitous virus in the swine population and a majority of pigs infected with pcv-2 do not develop the disease. different factors such as age, maintenance, the genetics of pcv-2, other pathogens, etc. have been suggested to contribute to the development of pmws. however, so far no proven connection between any of these factors and the disease develo ... | 2009 | 19748534 |
| porcine parvovirus- and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred indian pigs. | the objective of this study was to detect the presence of porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in a farm showing reproductive failure and increased mortality in neonatal piglets by histopathological examination, polymerase chain reaction, and demonstration of viral antigen and nucleic acid. out of 594 piglets farrowed by 70 first-parity gilts, nine (1.51%) mummified fetuses, 13 (2.19%) stillborn, and 572 (96.3%) live-born piglets were recorded. the average litter size at birt ... | 2010 | 19763866 |
| airborne porcine circovirus in canadian swine confinement buildings. | porcine circovirus type 2 has been linked to many diseases, such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and can be found in most commercial swine confinement buildings around the world. although the exact role of the virus in the appearance of disease in animals is not fully understood, the mechanisms responsible for the transmission of the virus are currently believed to happen mostly by contact. nevertheless, the possibility of airborne transmission cannot be rejected. this study invest ... | 2010 | 19773132 |
| possible pathogenic interplay between chlamydia suis, chlamydophila abortus and pcv-2 on a pig production farm. | a concurrent outbreak of chlamydial disease in boars, sows and gilts and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in weaned piglets was investigated on a large pig production farm in estonia. chlamydia suis dna was detected in conjunctival swabs from boars, sows and gilts, but also in the faeces of boars and sows. chlamydophila abortus dna was found in semen, and in conjunctival swabs from sows; dna was demonstrated by microarrays. serum samples from boars were examined using a chlamydi ... | 2010 | 20228367 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine circovirus-associated disease. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the viral family circoviridae and to the genus circovirus. circoviruses are small, single-stranded nonenveloped dna viruses that have an unsegmented circular genome. pcv2 is the primary causative agent of several syndromes collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). many of the syndromes associated with pcvad are a result of coinfection with pcv2 virus and other agents such as mycoplasma and porcine reproductive and respiratory ... | 2009 | 19780932 |
| identification and molecular cloning of a novel porcine parvovirus. | a novel porcine parvovirus, ppv4, was identified in the lung lavage of a diseased pig coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2. this virus exhibits limited similarity to its closest relative, bovine parvovirus 2, but resembles viruses of the genus bocavirus (bovine parvovirus, canine minute virus and human bocavirus) that encode an additional orf3. the orf3 of ppv4 is predicted to encode a protein of 204 amino acid residues, which is similar in size to the orf3-encoded proteins of the bocavirus ... | 2010 | 20339886 |
| qualitative and quantitative distribution of pcv2 in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), has been detected in north american and european wild boars at prevalences arguing for high circulation rates among populations. systematic data on the qualitative distribution of pcv2 infections and on pcvd (pcv2 diseases) in wild boars are rare, however, and quantitative data about viral loads are missing. to be able to judge the pcv2/pcvd situation in wild boars, evaluation of the nationwide ... | 2010 | 20346600 |
| insights into the evolutionary history of an emerging livestock pathogen: porcine circovirus 2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the primary etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), one of the most economically important emerging swine diseases worldwide. virulent pcv2 was first identified following nearly simultaneous outbreaks of pmws in north america and europe in the 1990s and has since achieved global distribution. however, the processes responsible for the emergence and spread of pcv2 remain poorly understood. here, phylogenetic and cophylogenetic inferen ... | 2009 | 19812157 |
| time course differential gene expression in response to porcine circovirus type 2 subclinical infection. | this study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the essential causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and pigs inoculated with 10(5.2) tcid(50) of the burgos pcv2 isolate (n = 16). one control and three inoculated pigs were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post-infecti ... | 2010 | 19825344 |
| the open reading frame 3 (orf3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is dispensable for virus infection but evidence of reduced pathogenicity is limited in pigs infected by an orf3-null pcv2 mutant. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad) in pigs. the open reading frame (orf) 3 of pcv2 reportedly induces apoptosis and is associated with pcv2 pathogenicity. in this study, we first created an orf3-null pcv2 mutant (mupcv2) by site-directed mutagenesis and demonstrated that the dimerized plasmid dna of mupcv2 clone is infectious when injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into pigs. subsequently, by using a well-characterized p ... | 2010 | 19852989 |
| serum antibodies and shedding of infectious porcine circovirus 2 into colostrum and milk of vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally infected sows. | serum antibodies and shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) into lacteal secretions were examined in naturally infected sows. total (ta) and neutralising (na) antibodies against pcv2 were evaluated in serum and colostrum from 20 vaccinated (vac) and 21 unvaccinated (n-vac) sows. anti-pcv2 iga titres and pcv2 infectious titres were determined in colostrum and milk. all sows had high ta and na levels in serum and colostrum. infectious pcv2 was detected in 22/41 colostrum samples (7/20 vac an ... | 2011 | 20409736 |
| immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity against porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is essential but not sufficient for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence in pigs. the outcome of pcv2 infection depends on the specific immune responses that are developing during the infection. diseased pigs are immunosupressed and unable to mount effective immune responses to clear the virus from circulation. in the final stage, pmws-affected pigs suffer from extensive lymphoid lesions and altered cytokine expression patterns in peripher ... | 2010 | 20451259 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of passive (dam) versus active (piglet) immunization against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and impact of passively derived pcv2 vaccine-induced immunity on vaccination. | the objectives of this study were (1) to compare the efficacy of two different pcv2 vaccination protocols (colostrum-derived immunity versus piglet vaccination) in a conventional pcv2 growing pig challenge model and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of vaccinating piglets with the same vaccine used in the dams. two different commercially available vaccines (vac1; vac2) were used in the same experiment. seventy-eight piglets born to vaccinated or non-vaccinated sows were divided into 8 groups. a propo ... | 2010 | 19913369 |
| molecular detection of genotype 3 porcine hepatitis e virus in aborted fetuses and their sows. | by reverse transcription (rt)-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), hepatitis e virus (hev) rna was simultaneously detected in the livers of aborted fetuses and in fecal and serum samples from their sows, obtained from two of 14 farms tested. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that these hevs belonged to genotype 3 hev. hev rna was detected by real-time rt-pcr at 2.0 x 10(3)-2.8 x 10(4) viral copies/microl in the hev-positive samples. all hev-positive fetuses tested positive for porcine ... | 2010 | 20458510 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) induces cell proliferation, fusion, and chemokine expression in swine monocytic cells in vitro. | granulomatous lymphadenitis is one of the pathognomonic lesions in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. this unique lesion has not been reported in direct association with viral infection in pigs. the objective of the present study was to evaluate whether porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) alone is able to induce functional modulation in porcine monocytic cells in vitro to elucidate its possible role in the development of granulomatous inflammation. it was found that t ... | 2010 | 20492892 |
| ultrasensitive detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using gold(iii) enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with many diseases especially postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which has brought huge economic loss to the swine industry worldwide. viral detection will pave the way for this disease prevention. herein, we developed a facile, rapid and ultrasensitive method for detection of pcv2 based on gold(iii) enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay (clia). the gold(iii), dissolved from the gold nanoparticle-monoclonal antibody conjugate, serve ... | 2010 | 20508880 |
| swine virus-specific cytotoxic cells producing ifngamma under different conditions of virus antigenic stimulation. | flow cytometry is a useful tool to determine both the phenotype and function of immune cells during vaccination and viral infection. since cytokine release is a hallmark of cell activation, detection of intracellular interferon (ifn)gamma in cytotoxic cd8alpha+ cells under physiological conditions and after aujeszky's disease virus (adv)- or porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-swine interaction was carried out. blood samples were collected from healthy 10-month-old pigs, adv- or pcv2-vaccinated pig ... | 2010 | 20512626 |
| development and evaluation of rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a set of primers designed based on the e2 gene reference sequences of the csfv. the assay was optimized to amplify csfv rna by incubation at 63 degrees c for 50 min. the rt-lamp amplification products had a ladder-like appearance when electrophoresed on an agarose gel. the rt-lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional rt-pcr, ... | 2010 | 19931578 |
| recombinant prrsv expressing porcine circovirus sequence reveals novel aspect of transcriptional control of porcine arterivirus. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) expresses its genes via a set of nested subgenomic (sg) mrnas. such discontinuous transcription is unique yet poorly understood for arterivirus. the utilization of transcription-regulating sequence (trs) remains a puzzle, as many trs-like sequences exist in viral genome, yet only six or seven sg mrnas were transcribed in arterivirus infected cells. to investigate the transcriptional control of the porcine arterivirus, a recombinant prrs ... | 2010 | 19951727 |
| interferon-mediated enhancement of in vitro replication of porcine circovirus type 2 is influenced by an interferon-stimulated response element in the pcv2 genome. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an economically important swine pathogen. it has been shown that treatment of pcv2-infected cells with interferon gamma (inf-gamma) or alpha (ifn-alpha) increases pcv2 replication in vitro, and that an interferon-stimulated response element (isre)-like sequence was identified in the pcv2 genome. to determine if the isre is involved in viral response to ifns, several isre mutants of pcv2 were created by serial mutations of the isre sequence. treatment of isre m ... | 2009 | 19631245 |
| dietary aluminosilicate supplement enhances immune activity in mice and reinforces clearance of porcine circovirus type 2 in experimentally infected pigs. | aluminosilicate is the major component of clay minerals such as zeolite, bentonite and clinoptilolite. the minerals possess a number of beneficial activities, especially in regulating the immune system. the aims of the present study were to evaluate immune enhancing effects of dietary aluminosilicate supplement (das) in mice, and to demonstrate clearance effects of das against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in experimentally infected pigs as an initial step towards the development of an antibi ... | 2010 | 20022715 |
| replication efficiency of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids derived from porcine circovirus 2 in eukaryotic cells. | in this study, a method was developed to measure replication rates of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids in eukaryotic cells. this method is based on the discriminative quantitation of mboi-resistant, non-replicated input plasmids and dpni-resistant, replicated plasmids. to do so, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replicon-based plasmids were constructed. these plasmids contained the pcv2 origin of replication, the pcv2 rep promoter and the pcv2 rep gene. the results show that the replication ... | 2010 | 20026194 |
| genomic expression profiling in lymph nodes with lymphoid depletion from porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease, such as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which involves lymphocyte depletion. however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of lymphoid depletion. to gain insight into the interaction between virus and host cells, microarrays were used to analyse changes in genomic expression in lymph nodes following pcv2 infection of pigs, together with negative controls. total rna was su ... | 2010 | 20573857 |
| genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains isolated between 2001 and 2009: genotype pcv2b predominate in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome occurrences in eastern china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in the present study, we obtained sequences of 31 pcv2 isolates from different farms of 11 provinces of eastern china and analyzed the genetic characterization of 136 eastern china-derivate pcv2 isolated during 2001-2009. the results showed that these pcv2 isolates could be divided into two groups, pcv2b (108 of 1a/1b, 19 of 1c) and pcv2a (1 of 2a, 2 of 2d, 6 of 2e). among the ... | 2010 | 20043196 |
| prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in an integrated swine production system experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) through a longitudinal study in an integrated swine production system (7 farms) experiencing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). risk factors for pcv-2 infection and for pcv-2 and prrsv coinfection were also evaluated. fifteen sows from each herd and 4 non-cross-fostered piglets from each sow were randomly selecte ... | 2009 | 20046634 |
| vascular lesions in pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b. | vasculitis is a hallmark lesion of the severe form of systemic porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). in 2 experimental studies with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b (pcv2b), 2 pigs developed fatal pcvad with acute vasculitis, and 5 related pigs developed chronic lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic peri- and endarteritis. five of these pigs (1 with acute vasculitis and 4 with chronic vasculitis) had also been inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv1) or bvdv1-like vir ... | 2010 | 20080495 |
| genotypic shift of porcine circovirus type 2 from pcv-2a to pcv-2b in spain from 1985 to 2008. | changes in porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) genotypes were evaluated before, during and after outbreaks of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in (1) a retrospective study using pig sera collected in spain from 1985 to 2008 and (2) a longitudinal study using pig sera collected from two farms in spain over periods of 7 and 14 years. in both studies, there was a rapid genotypic shift from pcv-2a to pcv-2b that was related to the peak of pmws epizootics in spain and the appearance o ... | 2011 | 20106683 |
| pathogenicity and molecular characterization of emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vietnam in 2007. | in 2007, vietnam experienced swine disease outbreaks causing clinical signs similar to the 'porcine high fever disease' that occurred in china during 2006. analysis of diagnostic samples from the disease outbreaks in vietnam identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). additionally, escherichia coli and streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus were cultured from lung and spleen, and streptococcus suis from one spleen sample. gen ... | 2010 | 20629970 |
| colostral transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2): reproduction of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs fed milk from pcv-2-infected sows with post-natal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was reproduced in pigs fed colostrum and milk from porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2)-infected sows and infected post-natally with porcine parvovirus (ppv) or immunostimulated. pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with either pcv-2 (n=5) or pcv-2-free pk-15 cell lysates (control, n=10) 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date. newborn piglets from five of the control sows were introduced to pcv-2-infected sows (n=6 for each sow) and allowed to ... | 2010 | 20147521 |
| effect of an interferon-stimulated response element (isre) mutant of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on pcv2-induced pathological lesions in a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) co-infection model. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad) in swine. coinfections of pcv2 with other swine pathogens increase the severity of pcvad. induction of proinflammatory cytokines by coinfecting pathogens may attribute to the exacerbation of pcvad during coinfections. an interferon-stimulated response element (isre) sequence was identified in the origin of replication of pcv2 genome. to assess the role of isre in pcv2 pathogenesis du ... | 2011 | 20637549 |
| prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets after weaning on a commercial pig farm in japan. | to investigate the transition in concentration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and antibody for these viruses in serum, serum samples were collected from 29 pigs on weaning day and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 53, 84, and 120 days after weaning. the concentration of circulated prrsv and pcv2 in serum was measured by real-time rt-pcr and real-time pcr, respectively. the specific antibody for prrsv and pcv2 was measured using elisa. prrsv wa ... | 2010 | 20163685 |
| molecular characterization, induced expression, and transcriptional regulation of porcine s100a12 gene. | the s100a12 gene belongs to the s100 family of genes, which are specific to vertebrates. it is involved in many inflammatory diseases of human and has been considered as a powerful diagnostic gene. in the present study, we identified the porcine s100a12 (ps100a12) gene, provided evidence that ps100a12 is located on chromosome 4 and is closely linked to sw512. we show that ps100a12 is expressed preferentially in immune organs/tissues, e.g., bone marrow, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes. expressio ... | 2010 | 20189650 |
| dual expression system for assembling phage lambda display particle (ldp) vaccine to porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). | the bacteriophage lambda small capsid protein d forms trimers on the phage head. d-fusion polypeptides can be expressed from plasmids in e. coli and remain soluble without aggregation. we report a dual expression system for the display of four immunodominant regions of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (cap) as d-cap fusions on lambda display particles (ldp). the ldp-d-cap preparation proved an effective vaccine in pigs, eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses and pcv2 neut ... | 2010 | 20674873 |
| recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) emerged as a significant disease affecting pig production in the 1990s although the causal agent, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and the disease itself, had existed in swine for many years prior to this. the important multifactorial 'triggers' of pmws include the immune and infection status of the sow, the timing of pcv2 infection, variations in the virulence of pcv2, co-infections, immune modulation as well as host genetics and management fa ... | 2011 | 20211570 |