| reduction of quinones and radicals by a plasma membrane redox system of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | quinones which are produced during the mineralization of lignin and xenobiotics by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium were reduced by a plasma membrane redox system of the fungus. both intracellular enzymes and the plasma membrane redox system were able to reduce 1,4-benzoquinone. however, no quinone reductase activity was observed with the extracellular culture fluid. the intracellular reductase activity had a ph optimum between 6.0 and 7.0 and a km of 150 microm. reduction of 1,4 ... | 1995 | 7574679 |
| structural influence of calcium on the heme cavity of cationic peanut peroxidase as determined by 1h-nmr spectroscopy. | the cationic isozyme of peanut peroxidase (cprx) is one of many peroxidases which requires calcium for enzyme activity. it has been previously shown that it requires 2 mol calcium to coordinate to 1 mol cprx, and its related peroxidases from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium (lip) and isozyme c of horseradish (hrpc). x-ray crystallographic studies of lip have shown that calcium is ligated near the c-terminus of helices proximal and distal to the heme, where it has been suggested to m ... | 1995 | 7588722 |
| phanerochaete chrysosporium glyoxal oxidase is encoded by two allelic variants: structure, genomic organization, and heterologous expression of glx1 and glx2. | a cdna clone (glx-2c) encoding glyoxal oxidase (glox) was isolated from a phanerochaete chrysosporium lambda gt11 library, and its nucleotide sequence was shown to be distinct from that of the previously described clone glx-1c (p. j. kersten and d. cullen, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 90:7411-7413, 1993). genomic clones corresponding to both cdnas were also isolated and sequenced. overall nucleotide sequence identity was 98%, and the predicted proteins differed by a single residue: lys-308<==>thr- ... | 1995 | 7592374 |
| antibacterial, antidermatophytic and antitoxigenic activities of onion (allium cepa l.) oil. | the inhibitory effect of onion oil against the growth of various isolates of bacteria representing gram-positive (4 isolates) and gram-negative (4 isolates) species were studied. results show that onion oil was highly active against all gram-positive bacteria tested and only one isolate (klebsiella pneumoniae) of gram-negative bacteria. the inhibitory effect of onion oil against nine different species of dermatophytic fungi were also studied. onion oil (200 ppm) completely inhibited the growth o ... | 1995 | 7600010 |
| disseminated opportunistic fungal disease in dogs: 10 cases (1982-1990). | medical records of 10 dogs in which fungal infection was diagnosed between 1982 and 1990 were reviewed. in each dog, infection was determined to be caused by a single species of fungus, either aspergillus terreus, penicillium sp, paecilomyces sp, chrysosporium sp, or pseudallescheria boydii. nine dogs were german shepherd dogs; 1 was a german shepherd dog cross, and 9 were females. the most common clinical signs were signs of neck or back pain (9 dogs), weight loss (7 dogs), anorexia (6 dogs), p ... | 1995 | 7601696 |
| degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260) by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis. | evidence for substantial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260 by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, based on congener-specific gas chromatographic analysis, is presented. maximal degradation (percent by weight) of aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 was 60.9, 30.5, and 17.6%, respectively. most of the congeners in aroclors 1242 and 1254 were degraded extensively both in low-n (ligninolytic) as well as high-n (nonligninolytic) defined media. even ... | 1995 | 7618867 |
| one-electron oxidation in the degradation of creosote polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the abilities of whole cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium and p. chrysosporium manganese peroxidase-mediated lipid peroxidation reactions to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) found in creosote were studied. the disappearance of 12 three- to six-ring pahs occurred in both systems. both in vivo and in vitro, the disappearance of all pahs was found to be very strongly correlated with ionization potential. this was true even for compounds beyond the ionization potential thresh ... | 1995 | 7618875 |
| reductions catalyzed by a quinone and peroxidases from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a quinone produced from veratryl alcohol by lignin peroxidase from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was tested for its ability to mediate reduction. the quinone (2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone), reduced chemically or by cellobiose:quinone reductase isolated from cultures of the fungus, mediated the reduction of cytochrome c in reactions containing either mn(iii), a manganese-dependent peroxidase, mn(ii) and h2o2, or lignin peroxidase and h2o2. formation of the semiqui ... | 1995 | 7625830 |
| properties of a transplasma membrane redox system of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a transplasma membrane redox system of phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied using ferricyanide, a membrane-impermeable electron acceptor. rates of reduction were dependent upon initial ferricyanide concentration and mycelial mass. specific activities of 12 +/- 2 nmol/min/mg mycelia (dry wt) were consistently obtained using nutrient-sufficient mycelia at ph 8.0 and 10 mm ferricyanide. upon nutrient limitation (either carbon or nitrogen), activity decreased. reduction was inhibited by carbonyl ... | 1995 | 7625845 |
| structure, inheritance, and transcriptional effects of pce1, an insertional element within phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase gene lipi. | a 1747-bp insertion within a lignin peroxidase allele of phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 is described. pce1, the element, lies immediately adjacent to the fourth intron of lip12. southern blots reveal the presence of pce1-homologous sequences in other p. chrysosporium strains. transposon-like features include inverted terminal repeats and a dinucleotide (ta) target duplication. atypical of transposons, pce1 is present at very low copy numbers (one to five copies), and conserved transposas ... | 1995 | 7638214 |
| czapek casein 50% glucose (czc50g): a new medium for the identification of foodborne chrysosporium spp. | a new medium czapek casein 50% glucose agar (czc50g) has been developed, on which the four foodborne chrysosporium spp., c. xerophilum, c. inops, c. farinicola and c. fastidium can be distinguished by differences in growth rates and colony morphology. chrysosporium xerophilum and c. inops both produced dense white colonies, but c. xerophilum grew faster than c. inops, 22 mm in 14 d compared to 9-12 mm in 14 d at 25 degrees c. some isolates produced a yellow or red reverse due to the reaction of ... | 1995 | 7639994 |
| investigation of the lignin-degrading activity of serratia marcescens: biochemical screening and ultrastructural evidence. | forty-one morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were developed from six lignin-containing environments. each isolate was initially screened for potential lignin-degrading activity using relative growth on a lignocellulosic substrate and relative decolorization of a polymeric dye. screened isolates were then tested for the ability to oxidize various lignin-related monomers, and the dimers anisoin and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether. although most of the isolates oxidized the monomers, ... | 1995 | 7641141 |
| the cellulase complex of neurospora crassa: cbh-1 cloning, sequencing and homologies. | we describe the isolation, cloning and sequencing of the cellobiohydrolase 1 (ec 3.2.1.91)-encoding gene (cbh-1) of neurospora crassa. the nucleotide and amino-acid sequences have high homology with the cbh-1 of trichoderma reesei, humicola grisea and phanerochaete chrysosporium, with clear signal, catalytic, hinge and substrate-binding domains in that order. | 1995 | 7642129 |
| cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a cellobiose dehydrogenase from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the cdna of cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from phanerochaete chrysosporium has been cloned and sequenced. the 5' end was obtained by pcr amplification. the cdna contains 2310 translated bases excluding the poly(a) tail. the deduced mature protein contains 770 amino acid residues and is preceded by a 18 residue long signal peptide. the regions of the amino acid sequence corresponding to the heme and fad domains of cdh were identified as well as the nucleotide-binding motif, the disulfide pairing ... | 1995 | 7649263 |
| rpr113228, a novel farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitor produced by chrysosporium lobatum. | | 1995 | 7649878 |
| the manganese binding site of manganese peroxidase: characterization of an asp179asn site-directed mutant protein. | a site-directed mutant, d179n, in the gene encoding phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1), was created by overlap extension, using polymerase chain reaction. the mutant gene was expressed in p. chrysosporium under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. the mutant manganese peroxidase (mnp) was purified, and its spectra and mw were very similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. steady-state kinetic analysis of mnp d179n revealed that the ... | 1995 | 7654716 |
| nitrification in vitro by a range of filamentous fungi and yeasts. | a wide range of fungi including yeasts, growing on czapek dox medium, nitrified added ammonium and the ammonium released by urea hydrolysis. phanerochaete chrysosporium and hymenoscyphus ericiae were the only fungi tested which failed to nitrify. a soil yeast (isolate 1) was the most active nitrifier of ammonium in vitro, forming 0.80 microgram nitrate mg-1 biomass over the 7 d incubation period. | 1995 | 7662331 |
| purification of major lignin peroxidase isoenzymes from phanerochaete chrysosporium by chromatofocusing. | the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium produces several isoforms of lignin peroxidase, which catalyzes the oxidative depolymerization of lignin to date, ion-exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing (ief) have been commonly used for isolation of lignin peroxidase isoenzymes. in this work we have purified major lignin peroxidases to high purity by a one-step chromatographic method, chromatofocusing. the purified isoenzymes were identified by analytical ief using isoenzym ... | 1995 | 7663170 |
| a heterogeneous distribution of emmonsia parva var. crescens in an agro-ecosystem. | the lung tissue of 1143 rodents of five species, caught at a number of sites and habitats in an agro-ecosystem (southern moravia, czech republic) in 1988-1993, was examined for the presence of adiaspores of emmonsia parva var. crescens (emmons et jellison) van oorschot. the overall prevalence of adiasporomycosis was 16.6%, but its distribution varied significantly according to rodent species (clethrionomys glareolus 37.6%, apodemus flavicollis 33.3%, a. sylvaticus 21.1%, a microps 9.2%, microtus ... | 1995 | 7666301 |
| alternative methods for production and staining of phanerochaete chrysosporium basidiospores. | homokaryotic isolates of phanerochaete chrysosporium are generally obtained by stimulating the production of basidiospores. the most commonly used method requires a special incubator that is maintained at 28 degrees c with continuous illumination. here we report an alternate method which permits the production of basidiopores with common laboratory incubators and requires no special illumination conditions. this alternate method gives reproducible results and yields basidiospores that are not co ... | 1993 | 7686003 |
| fungal degradation of organophosphorus insecticides. | organophosphorous insecticides are used extensively in agriculture. as a group, they are easily degraded by bacteria in the environment. however, a number of them have half-lives of several months. little is known about their biodegradation by fungi. we showed that phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized chlorpyrifos, fonofos, and terbufos (27.5, 12.2, and 26.6%, respectively) during an 18-d incubation in nutrient nitrogen-limited cultures. results demonstrated that the chlorinated pyridinyl rin ... | 1993 | 7686734 |
| manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. a homology-based molecular model. | a detailed three-dimensional model of manganese peroxidase was constructed using lignine peroxidase as the structural scaffold. this is the only protein in the peroxidase family except for cytochrome c peroxidase for which a resolved crystal structure is available. the model was built using the following procedure: (a) structurally preserved regions were derived from similar regions in the sequence alignment of the two proteins; (b) non-similar regions were modelled by searching a set of resolve ... | 1995 | 7737200 |
| extracellular proteases produced by the wood-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium under ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic conditions. | when subjected to nitrogen limitation, the wood-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium produces two groups of secondary metabolic, extracellular isoenzymes that depolymerize lignin in wood: lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. we have shown earlier the turnover in activity of the lignin peroxidases to be due in part to extracellular proteolytic activity. this paper reports the electrophoretic characterization of two sets of acidic extracellular proteases produced by submerged cult ... | 1995 | 7763133 |
| lignin-degrading peroxidases of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | lignin and manganese peroxidases are secreted by the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium during secondary metabolism. these enzymes play major roles in lignin degradation. the active site amino acid sequence of these lignin-degrading peroxidases is similar to that of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and cytochrome c peroxidase (ccp). the mechanism by which they oxidize substrates also appears to be the similar. ph has a similar effect on lignin peroxidase compound i formation as on hrp or ccp; ... | 1993 | 7763834 |
| an overview of the recent advances on the physiology and molecular biology of lignin peroxidases of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the lignin-degrading white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium produces two families of extracellular peroxidases designated lignin peroxidases (lips) and manganese-dependent peroxidases (mnps) which are components of the lignin degradation system of this organism. the number and types of lip and mnp isozymes produced vary dramatically in response to changes in culture conditions. protease-mediated degradation of lips was shown to be the major cause for the decay of lip activity in idiophasic ... | 1993 | 7763835 |
| isozyme specific polymerase chain reaction analysis of differential gene expression: a general method applied to lignin peroxidase genes of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | analysis of differential expression of closely related genes is a general problem. the lignin peroxidase genes of phanerochaete chrysosporium represent a typical case. they are differentially expressed according to the conditions encountered during growth. we show that the expression of two such genes, lig1 and lig5, can be differentiated at the mrna level using a highly specific form of the polymerase chain reaction. this generally applicable method allows rapid and accurate analysis of complex ... | 1993 | 7763862 |
| simultaneous biodegradation of p-cresol and phenol by the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 was able to degrade high concentrations of p-cresol (up to 150 mg l-1) provided that glucose was added as a carbon and energy source and conditions favourable to ligninolytic enzyme activities were used, i.e. a nitrogen-limited medium. the fungus also simultaneously degraded p-cresol (50 mg l-1) and phenol (50 mg l-1) in a mixture at similar rates. kinetics of p-cresol biodegradation were almost identical whether the compound was tested individua ... | 1994 | 7765370 |
| establishment of genetic linkage by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction: application to the lignin peroxidase gene family of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | determining linkage is problematic for genes lacking easily identifiable phenotypes and for organisms without well-defined genetic recombination systems. phanerochaete chrysosporium with its lignin peroxidase (lip) gene family typifies these difficulties. we describe an experimental approach whereby the segregation of specific alleles is directly monitored during sexual fruiting. the method establishes linkage relationships among genes for which there are no mutations, and it is applicable to a ... | 1994 | 7765568 |
| biodegradation and sorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the ability of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium (ina-12) to degrade various polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) was investigated. under static, non-nitrogen-limiting conditions, p. chrysosporium mineralized both phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. total mineralization, based on radioactive tracing, was limited to 1.8%-3% for phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene respectively. in both cases the pattern of mineralization did not correlate temporally with the production of lignin peroxid ... | 1995 | 7766094 |
| lignin peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of sulfonated azo dyes generates novel sulfophenyl hydroperoxides. | lignin peroxidase (lip) is an extracellular enzyme produced by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium and is involved in azo dye degradation by this organism. in this study, lip oxidation of the sulfonated azo dyes 4-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2,6- dimethylphenol (i), orange ii [1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol] (ii), a dimethyl analog of orange ii [1-(2',6'-dimethyl-4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol] (iii), and 4-(4'-sulfonamidophenylazo)-2,6-dimehtylphenol (iv) was examined. azo dye i wa ... | 1995 | 7779823 |
| lignin peroxidases can also oxidize manganese. | the peroxidase isozymes secreted by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium include lignin peroxidases and manganese-dependent peroxidases. the major isozymes, called lignin peroxidases, are thought to oxidize chemicals directly. the manganese-dependent peroxidases (h3, h4, h5, and h9) are relatively minor, making up only a fraction of the total peroxidase protein. however, we have found that lignin peroxidases will also catalyze the h2o2-dependent oxidation of mn2+ to mn3+. we have use ... | 1995 | 7779824 |
| [the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in the polluted environment of the labedy district in gliwice]. | this study was undertaken to find relationships between the degree of bacteriological contamination with qualitative composition of potentially pathogenic keratinolytic fungal population in soil, sediment and air samples from the labedy district in gliwice (poland). the examined soil samples were characterized by the predominance of botryotrichum piluliferum, chrysosporium anamorph of arthroderma curreyi, myceliophthora anamorph of ctenomyces serratus, chrysosporium pannicola and trichphyton aje ... | 1994 | 7792523 |
| quantitation of fungal mrnas in complex substrates by reverse transcription pcr and its application to phanerochaete chrysosporium-colonized soil. | thorough analysis of fungi in complex substrates has been hampered by inadequate experimental tools for assessing physiological activity and estimating biomass. we report a method for the quantitative assessment of specific fungal mrnas in soil. the method was applied to complex gene families of phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white-rot fungus widely used in studies of organopollutant degradation. among the genes implicated in pollutant degradation, two closely related lignin peroxidase transcrip ... | 1995 | 7793933 |
| pcr-mediated analysis of lignocellulolytic gene transcription by phanerochaete chrysosporium: substrate-dependent differential expression within gene families. | we compare the kinetics of appearance of supernatant enzyme activities (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and cellulase) and gene expression (lig, mnp, and cbhi gene families and the unique cbhii gene) in phanerochaete chrysosporium me446 when grown on four different carbon sources: ball-milled straw, representing the natural substrate lignocellulose; avicel as a crystalline cellulose; and high and low concentrations of glucose, in all cases with limiting nitrogen. pcr-based technology ut ... | 1995 | 7793956 |
| the crystal structure of manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium at 2.06-a resolution. | the crystal structure of manganese peroxidase (mnp) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycetous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium has been solved using molecular replacement techniques and refined to r = 0.20 at 2.0 a. the overall structure is similar to that of two other fungal peroxidases, lignin peroxidase from p. chrysosporium and arthromyces ramosus peroxidase. like the other fungal peroxidases, mnp has two structural calcium ions. mnp also has two n-acetylglucosamine residues n-linked to as ... | 1994 | 7806497 |
| homologous expression of recombinant manganese peroxidase in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the promoter region of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd) was used to drive expression of mnp1, the gene encoding mn peroxidase isozyme 1, in primary metabolic cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. a 1,100-bp fragment of the p. chrysosporium gpd promoter region was fused upstream of the mnp1 gene to construct plasmid pagm1, which contained the schizophyllum commune ade5 gene as a selectable marker. pagm1 was used to transform a p. chrysosporium ade1 auxotroph to prototrop ... | 1994 | 7811070 |
| isolation, characterization, and analysis of the expression of the cbhii gene of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | two cdna sequences representing putative allelic variants of the phanerochaete chrysosporium cbhii gene were isolated by hybridization to the trichoderma reesei cbhii gene. both of the equivalent genomic sequences were subsequently isolated by the inverse pcr technique. dna sequencing showed that the cbhii open reading frame of 1,380 bp codes for a putative polypeptide of 460 amino acids which is interrupted by six introns. the domain structure found in t. reesei cbhii is conserved in the equiva ... | 1994 | 7811079 |
| preferential degradation of phenolic lignin units by two white rot fungi. | the differential biodegradation of phenolic and nonphenolic (c-4-etherified) lignin units in wheat straw treated with the white rot fungi pleurotus eryngii and phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated under solid-state fermentation conditions. two analytical techniques applied to permethylated straw were used for this purpose, i.e., alkaline cuo degradation and analytical pyrolysis (both followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for product identification). despite differences in the ... | 1994 | 7811086 |
| regulation of manganese peroxidase gene transcription by hydrogen peroxide, chemical stress, and molecular oxygen. | the expression of manganese peroxidase (mnp) in nitrogen-limited cultures of the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium is regulated at the level of gene transcription by h2o2 and various chemicals, including ethanol, sodium arsenite, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, as well as by mn(ii) and heat shock. northern (rna) blot analysis demonstrates that the addition of 1.0 mm h2o2 to 5-day-old cultures grown in the absence of mn results in the appearance of mnp mrna within 15 min. higher levels ... | 1995 | 7887613 |
| [a fungus-derived novel nucleoside transport inhibitor potentiates the activity of antitumor drugs]. | antibiotic c3368-b (cb), identified as 3,9-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone, is produced by a fungus strain, chrysosporium verrucosum tubaki, isolated from a soil sample collected from antarctica. cb was found to be a highly-active nucleoside transport inhibitor. by radiolabelled nucleoside assay, cb was shown to markedly inhibit thymidine and uridine transport in ehrlich carcinoma cells, with ic50 values of 7.5 and 9.6 mumol.l-1 respectively. cb showed fairly low cytotoxicity to tumor ... | 1994 | 7900536 |
| characterization of a cdna encoding a manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium: genomic organization of lignin and manganese peroxidase-encoding genes. | two heme proteins, manganese peroxidase (mnp) and lignin peroxidase (lip), play key roles in the fungal depolymerization of lignin. many cdna and genomic clones encoding these peroxidases have been published. we report here on the cdna lambda mp-2 encoding the mnp isozyme h3 from phanerochaete chrysosporium strain bkm-f-1767. we also demonstrate that the mnp-encoding gene, lambda mp-1, encoding isozyme h4, and lambda mp-2 reside on separate chromosomes from each other and from the lip-encoding g ... | 1994 | 7926830 |
| biodegradation of lignocellulose in bermuda grass by white rot fungi analyzed by solid-state 13c nuclear magnetic resonance. | following the solid-state fermentation of bermuda grass by two lignin-degrading white rot fungi, compositional changes have been observed in situ by utilization of cross-polarization and magic angle spinning 13c nuclear magnetic resonance difference spectra and interrupted decoupling spectra. intensity differences in the 13c resonances assigned to specific components of the cell wall were used to observe these changes. bermuda grass treated with phanerochaete chrysosporium k-3 exhibited losses p ... | 1994 | 7944358 |
| nitrogen regulation of lignin peroxidase gene transcription. | western blot (immunoblot) analysis with a polyclonal antibody to lignin peroxidase (lip) isozyme h8 from the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium demonstrates that lip protein is detectable in the extracellular media of 5- and 6-day-old nitrogen-limited, but not nitrogen-sufficient, cultures. northern (rna) blot analysis demonstrates that lip mrna is detectable from 5- and 6-day old cells grown in nitrogen-limited, but not nitrogen-sufficient, cultures. these results indicate that ... | 1994 | 7944376 |
| h2o2 recycling during oxidation of the arylglycerol beta-aryl ether lignin structure by lignin peroxidase and glyoxal oxidase. | oxidative c alpha-c beta cleavage of the arylglycerol beta-aryl ether lignin model 1-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-phenoxypropane-1,3-diol (i) by phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase in the presence of limiting h2o2 was enhanced 4-5-fold by glyoxal oxidase from the same fungus. further investigation showed that each c alpha-c beta cleavage reaction released 0.8-0.9 equiv of glycolaldehyde, a glyoxal oxidase substrate. the identification of glycolaldehyde was based on 13c nmr spectrometry of ... | 1994 | 7947743 |
| mineralization of alachlor by lignin-degrading fungi. | white rot fungi were able to mineralize the aromatic ring carbon of alachlor to co2. after 122 days, 14 and 12% of the alachlor that was initially present in malt extract cultures supplemented with a wood substrate was mineralized at room temperature by ceriporiopsis subvermispora and phlebia tremellosa, respectively. although phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized alachlor at 25 degrees c, it did so more slowly than the other two white rot fungi. the brown rot fungus fomitopsis pinicola did no ... | 1994 | 7954113 |
| aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. gene cloning, sequence analysis, expression, and purification of the recombinant enzyme. | a cdna clone encoding a ligninolytic aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (aad; ec 1.1.1.91) from the white-rot basidiomycete fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was isolated and characterized. the nucleotide sequence obtained reveals an open reading frame encoding a protein of 385 amino acids. substantial homology (49.3% identity and 67.3% similarity, respectively) was observed between aad and an open reading frame sequence present on chromosome iii of saccharomyces cerevisiae. a southern blot analysis sh ... | 1994 | 7961751 |
| oxalate-dependent reductive activity of manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the mechanism of oxalate-dependent reductive activity of a manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. ferric iron reduction was demonstrated in reaction mixtures containing mn-peroxidase, mn2+, oxalate, h2o2, ferric chloride, and 1,10-phenanthroline. only catalytic amounts of h2o2 were required. oxygen consumption was also observed in reaction mixtures containing mn-peroxidase, mn2+, oxalate, and h2o2 and was inhibited by the addition of ferric iron. ... | 1994 | 7979369 |
| the role of oxalate in lignin peroxidase-catalyzed reduction: protection from compound iii accumulation. | reduction may be an important step in the degradation of some highly oxidized environmental pollutants by phanerochaete chrysosporium. lignin peroxidases (lip) from p. chrysosporium are able to catalyze reductive reactions using veratryl alcohol (va) as a mediator and either oxalate or edta as electron donors. reduction of oxygen to superoxide, monitored by oxygen consumption, was used as a measure of the reductive activity of lip. in the presence of edta, the rate of o2 reduction catalyzed by l ... | 1994 | 7986067 |
| aromatic nitroreductase from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a membrane-associated aromatic nitroreductase activity was identified in cell-free extracts of the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the enzyme catalyzed the nitro group reduction of 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and 2,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene. the corresponding hydroxylamines and/or amines were identified as reaction products by hplc and/or gc-ms. 1-nitroso-3-nitrobenzene and 1-hydroxylamino-3-nitrobenzene also we ... | 1994 | 7999039 |
| a reporter gene construct for studying the regulation of manganese peroxidase gene expression. | the orotidylate decarboxylase (odase) gene (ura1) from schizophyllum commune was utilized as a reporter for studying mn regulation of the manganese peroxidase (mnp) gene (mnp) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. a 1,500-bp fragment of the mnp1 promoter was fused upstream of the coding region of the odase gene in a plasmid (pamo) containing the s. commune ade5 gene as a selectable marker. pamo was used to transform a p. chrysosporium ade1 ura11 mutant lacking endo ... | 1994 | 8017922 |
| comparative evaluation of chemiluminescent dna probe assays and exoantigen tests for rapid identification of blastomyces dermatitidis and coccidioides immitis. | chemiluminescent dna probe (accuprobe) assays developed by gen-probe, inc. (san diego, calif.), for the rapid identification of blastomyces dermatitidis and coccidioides immitis were evaluated and compared with the exoantigen test by using 74 mycelial cultures of b. dermatitidis and 72 mycelial cultures of c. immitis. seventeen isolates of the dimorphic pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis were included because of their gross morphologic and antigenic relatedness to b. dermatitidis. the hetero ... | 1994 | 8027336 |
| role of mycelium and extracellular protein in the biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-tcp) by phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied in batch systems. in experiments with mycelial suspension, the degradation of 2,4,6-tcp was found to occur in the absence of ligninase. chloride ion was recovered in nearly stoichiometric amounts at the end of the process. the microorganism did not retain its degradation ability for more than 6 days under substrate-deficient conditions. neither the mycelium nor the extracellular protein alone could ... | 1994 | 8031074 |
| peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of azo dyes: mechanism of disperse yellow 3 degradation. | disperse yellow 3 [2-(4'-acetamidophenylazo)-4-methylphenol] (dy3) (i) is an important yellow dye used in industry and is also a carcinogen. earlier we demonstrated that lignin-degrading cultures of white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium degrade dy3 to co2. in this report, we have examined the degradation of dy3 and its naphthol analog, 1-(4'-acetamidophenylazo)-2-naphthol (ndy3) (ii) by lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and mn(iii)-malonate complex (a manganese peroxidase ... | 1994 | 8031141 |
| mechanism of manganese peroxidase compound ii reduction. effect of organic acid chelators and ph. | the effect of oxalate, malonate, lactate, and succinate chelators on the reduction of phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase compound ii by mnii was investigated using stopped-flow techniques. all rate data were collected from single-turnover experiments under pseudo-first-order conditions. with oxalate, the reduction of compound ii by mnii exhibited saturation behavior when the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants were plotted against oxalate concentration. the plots passed thro ... | 1994 | 8038159 |
| chrysosporium tropicum as a probable cause of mycosis of poultry in india. | chrysosporium tropicum was isolated from comb lesions in two different breeds of chickens in india and subcultures were shown to be pathogenic when inoculated onto prepared skin of guinea pigs. this report provides additional evidence to consider ch. tropicum as a pathogenic fungus and a probable cause of a dermatomycosis in chickens. | 1994 | 8047104 |
| tandem lignin peroxidase genes of the fungus trametes versicolor. | a dna fragment containing two lignin peroxidase genes (lpg i and lpg ii) has been isolated from a genomic library of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. the genes are separated by 2.2 kbp and have the same direction of transcription. conserved elements preceding the translation start have been identified. in addition to the tata box, a stretch of 11 identical nucleotides is found 23-24 bp downstream of the tata box. the putative mature peroxidases encoded by lpg i and lpg ii are 87% identi ... | 1994 | 8049266 |
| purification and characterization of a 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene 1,2-dioxygenase from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (thb) is an intermediate in the phanerochaete chrysosporium degradation of vanillate and aromatic pollutants. a p. chrysosporium intracellular enzyme able to oxidatively cleave the aromatic ring of thb was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic and ion-exchange chromatographies, and native gel electrophoresis. the native protein has a molecular mass of 90 kda and a subunit mass of 45 kda. the enzyme catalyzes an intradiol cleavage of the substrate aromati ... | 1994 | 8050996 |
| differential expression of multiple exo-cellobiohydrolase i-like genes in the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the genome of phanerochaete chrysosporium strain me446 contains multiple, non-allelic, cellobiohydrolase i (cbhi)-like sequences, at least two of which are expressed in a cellulose-dependent manner. each of the expressed genes contains two identically positioned introns within its coding region. the lengths and sequences of these introns are different and one is not excised from all transcripts, raising the possibility that subtly different protein products may be expressed from a common gene. i ... | 1994 | 8057846 |
| detection of rodlets in the outer wall region of conidiospores of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the surface morphology of the conidiospores of phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated using freeze-etching. a multilayered structure composed of rodlets was detected. the rodlets had a diameter of 10.2 +/- 0.5 nm and were organised as long parallel fibres. granules, smooth materials, and bark-like structures were found to cover part of this rodlet layer. during germination, the outer pellicle of the spore wall became fragmented and residual aggregates with rodlets were disseminated on the ... | 1994 | 8069785 |
| detection of phanerochaete chrysosporium in soil by pcr and restriction enzyme analysis. | a nonradioactive method to detect phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in a soil matrix was developed. this method involved dna extraction, pcr amplification, and restriction enzyme analysis. amplification of ligninase h8 dna from pure cultures of p. chrysosporium was not as sensitive as amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (its) of the highly repetitive nuclear ribosomal dna. amplified its dna was digested with restriction enzymes for analysis. the restriction enzyme pattern of pcr-amp ... | 1994 | 8074515 |
| a novel type of peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. | the wood-decaying fungus trametes versicolor secretes a large number of peroxidase isozymes, presumed to partake in the degradation of lignin. from enzymic studies, two types of peroxidases have been distinguished: lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. we here report the finding of a t. versicolor peroxidase gene, pg v, which displays several features not observed in previously studied peroxidase genes from white-rot fungi, such as a high number of introns (12). eight of the 12 introns h ... | 1994 | 8075158 |
| direct 1h nmr evidence for conversion of beta-d-cellobiose to cellobionolactone by cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the alpha- and beta-anomers of d-cellobiose were resolved by 1h nmr spectroscopy. addition of cellobiose dehydrogenase purified from the white-rot p. chrysosporium led to selective conversion of beta-d-cellobiose. the product was identical to cellobionolactone as synthesized from ca-cellobionate. overnight incubation of the product led to an altered nmr spectrum, which was also obtained by incubation of cellobionolactone. the new spectrum matched that for ca-cellobionate. the instability of cell ... | 1994 | 8076681 |
| oxidation of dibenzo-p-dioxin by lignin peroxidase from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | dibenzo-p-dioxin (i) was rapidly degraded in ligninolytic cultures of the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. lignin peroxidase (lip) oxidized i to generate the following products: catechol (v), dibenzo-p-dioxin-2,3-quinone (viii), 2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,4-benzoquinone (ix), 4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-benzoquinone (x), 2-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,4-benzoquinone (xi), 4-hydroxy-1,2-benzoquinone (xii), and 1,2-benzoquinone (xiii). identical products were formed when the reaction was conducted u ... | 1994 | 8086414 |
| aberrant histoplasma capsulatum. confirmation of identity by a chemiluminescence-labeled dna probe. | a cottony, light tan, filamentous fungus with pear-shaped microconidia and lacking tuberculated macroconidia was isolated from a bronchial lavage specimen. subculture on several media at 37 degrees c failed to convert the fungus to a yeast form after several weeks; attempts at in vivo conversion in mice were also unsuccessful. sera obtained several months apart showed m bands with histoplasma capsulatum (hc) antigen by immunodiffusion and an increase in complement fixation titers with mycelial a ... | 1993 | 8112034 |
| new pathway for degradation of sulfonated azo dyes by microbial peroxidases of phanerochaete chrysosporium and streptomyces chromofuscus. | pathways for the degradation of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-azobenzene-4'-sulfonic acid (i) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyazobenzene-4'-sulfonamide (ii) by the manganese peroxidase and ligninase of phanerochaete chrysosporium and by the peroxidase of streptomyces chromofuscus have been proposed. twelve metabolic products were found, and their mechanisms of formation were explained. preliminary oxidative activation of the dyes resulted in the formation of cationic species, making the molecules vulnerable to ... | 1994 | 8113173 |
| inhibition of the lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium by hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene, an early intermediate in the degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. | the ability of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium to mineralize 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) was studied in the concentration range of 0.36 to 20.36 mg/liter. the initial rate of 14co2 formation was 30% in 4 days at 0.36 mg of [14c]tnt per liter and decreased to 5% in 4 days at 20.36 mg of [14c]tnt per liter. such a pronounced inhibition was not observed when a mixture of [14c]2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and [14c]4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene was used as a substrate. 2-hydroxylamino-4,6 ... | 1994 | 8117077 |
| diversity in phenol-metabolizing capability of 809 strains of micromycetes. | the property of 809 strains of micromycetes to grow in the presence of phenol (0.5 g/l) was investigated on solid media. toxicity was determined on malt extract agar medium. growth of the fungal strains on synthetic solid medium with phenol as the sole carbon source allowed evaluation of phenol consumption. only 61 strains (8% of the whole) grew well under both conditions, which reflects the toxicity of 0.5 g/l of phenol upon micromycetes. finally, phanerochaete chrysosporium was chosen and cult ... | 1994 | 8127230 |
| electron transfer from phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiose oxidase to equine cytochrome c and pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551. | the electron-transfer reactions of cellobiose oxidase (cbo) have been investigated by conventional and by rapid-scan stopped-flow spectroscopy at ph 6.0. analysis of the absorbance/time/wavelength matrix by singular value decomposition (svd) confirms earlier studies showing that cellobiose rapidly reduces the flavin group (7.7 s-1; cellobiose, 100 microm) which in turn slowly (0.2 s-1) reduces the cytochrome b moiety. in the presence of cbo, cellobiose reduces cytochromes c in a reaction that do ... | 1994 | 8135738 |
| dermatophytes and other associated fungi isolated from ringworm lesions of camels. | among 75 camels showing skin lesions, 48% were positive for fungal infection. the younger individuals were more susceptible to this infection. sixteen species belonging to nine genera of keratinophilic and cycloheximide-resistant fungi were recovered from diseased camels. trichophyton, microsporum and chrysosporium were the most common genera. t. verrucosum appeared to be the main cause of ringworm in small camels while t. mentagrophytes infected older ones. camel skin presents a suitable habita ... | 1993 | 8150398 |
| a phanerochaete chrysosporium beta-d-glucosidase/beta-d-xylosidase with specificity for (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan linkages. | phanerochaete chrysosporium is the best studied organism with respect to lignin degradation, but its degradation of the xylan component of lignocellulose is only now being studied. when grown on oat spelt xylan (mainly arabinoxylan), it produces an enzyme with beta-d-xylosidase and beta-d-glucosidase activity. this enzyme was purified by ultrafiltration followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography using deae biogel and mono q, and gel filtration using superose 12. i ... | 1994 | 8156553 |
| transcription of ligninase h8 by phanerochaete chrysosporium under nutrient nitrogen sufficient conditions. | dot blot analyses showed that more ligninase h8 mrna was present in ammonium sufficient cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium than in ammonium limited cultures. reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing verified that h8 mrna was present under both conditions. fast protein liquid chromatography profiles indicated that h8 was present but lacked heme in ammonium sufficient cultures. these data indicated that h8 was transcribed and translated by day 5 under amm ... | 1994 | 8166678 |
| physiology and molecular biology of the lignin peroxidases of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium produces lignin peroxidases (lips), a family of extracellular glycosylated heme proteins, as major components of its lignin-degrading system. up to 15 lip isozymes, ranging in m(r) values from 38,000 to 43,000, are produced depending on culture conditions and strains employed. manganese-dependent peroxidases (mnps) are a second family of extracellular heme proteins produced by p. chrysosporium that are also believed to be important in ligni ... | 1994 | 8167033 |
| phanerochaete chrysosporium and its natural substrate. | we seek to define more fully how phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades its natural substrate, lignocellulose. this contribution concerns several relevant topics. mineralisation of [14c]dhp, as a model for lignin degradation, showed that a set of genetically defined meiotically derived products of strain me446 differed in their degradative ability and also that, under optimum conditions for mineralisation, extracellular lignin peroxidase activity was absent. xylanolytic and xylosidase/beta(1-->3) ... | 1994 | 8167034 |
| oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by lignin peroxidase. | we demonstrate direct oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by lignin peroxidase (lip) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, phanerochaete chrysosporium. steady-state kinetic data fit a peroxidase ping-pong mechanism rather than an ordered bi-bi ping-pong mechanism, suggesting that the reductions of lip compounds i and ii by ferrocytochrome c are irreversible. the ph dependence of the overall reaction apparently is controlled by two factors, the ph dependence of the electron-transfer rate and the ph ... | 1994 | 8180177 |
| preliminary crystallographic analysis of manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | manganese peroxidase from the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium has been crystallized in a form suitable for high-resolution x-ray structure determination. crystals were grown from solutions containing 30% polyethylene glycol 8000, ammonium sulfate and cacodylate buffer at ph 6.5, using macroseeding techniques. a complete data set has been obtained to 2.06 a resolution. the data can be indexed in space group p1 with a = 45.96 a, b = 53.77 a, c = 84.87 a, alpha = 97.01 degrees, ... | 1994 | 8182752 |
| characterization of the mnp2 gene encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 2 from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a gene (mnp2) encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 2 (mnp-2) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was determined. the sequence of 3297 bp includes 1287 bp of 5'-flanking sequence and 490 bp 3' to the stop codon. comparison of cdna and genomic sequences indicates seven introns varying in size from 50-55 bp. the 5' upstream region of the mnp2 gene contains a tataa element, three inverted ccaat elements (attgg), six putative heat-shock elements (hse) and three putative ... | 1994 | 8194756 |
| a histone h4 promoter for expression of a phleomycin-resistance gene in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | in this study, two transformation vectors (pmg101 and pmg103) for phanerochaete chrysosporium were constructed, based on the ble phleomycin-resistance-encoding gene and a homologous histone h4 promoter. transformation frequencies were 6-10 per micrograms of dna. transformed vector dna could either exist as an unstable replicating plasmid or could be stably integrated. integrated vector dna from pmg101, which also contains a histone-encoding h3 gene in the promoter fragment, becomes methylated, r ... | 1994 | 8194757 |
| methods to investigate the expression of lignin peroxidase genes by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | two methods allowing the analysis of expression of specific lignin peroxidase (lpo) genes from white rot fungi are presented. in the first method, degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from amino acid sequence motifs held in common among all members of the lpo gene family are used to prime the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of lpo-related nucleotide sequences from cdna prepared by using rna from ligninolytic cultures. the pcr products are cloned and analyzed by restriction cl ... | 1993 | 8215362 |
| lignin and veratryl alcohol are not inducers of the ligninolytic system of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium is a white rot fungus which secretes a family of lignin-degrading enzymes under nutrient limitation. in this work, we investigated the roles of veratryl alcohol and lignin in the ligninolytic system of p. chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 cultures grown under nitrogen-limited conditions. cultures supplemented with 0.4 to 2 mm veratryl alcohol showed increased lignin peroxidase activity. addition of veratryl alcohol had no effect on mn-dependent peroxidase activity and inhibite ... | 1993 | 8215363 |
| reductive activity of a manganese-dependent peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) from phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzed the reduction of cytochrome c in a reaction mixture containing h2o2, mn(ii)-tartrate, and p-hydroquinone. electron spin resonance studies have shown that the hydroquinone-dependent reductive activity of mnp is due to the benzosemiquinone formed upon the one-electron oxidation of p-hydroquinone by mn(iii)-tartrate, which is formed upon the oxidation of mn(ii) by mnp. the reductive activity increased linearly with an ... | 1993 | 8215423 |
| identification of the heat shock protein of neurospora crassa corresponding to the stress-inducible peroxidase. | heat shock and other stress treatments, resulting in thermotolerance in neurospora crassa cells, stimulate the induction of a peroxidase at a high level. the putative gene encoding this heat shock-induced peroxidase (hspp) has been cloned, using a cdna clone of the manganese peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium, as a probe. northern blot analysis of total rna from heat-shocked cell showed the stress-dependent accumulation of a approximately 10 kb transcript. the identity of the hsp, corresp ... | 1993 | 8240345 |
| molecular biology of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium completely degrades lignin and a variety of aromatic pollutants during the secondary metabolic phase of growth. two families of secreted heme enzymes, lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp), are major components of the extracellular lignin degradative system of this organism. mnp and lip both are encoded by families of genes, and the lip genes appear to be clustered. the lip genes contain eight or nine short introns; the mnp ... | 1993 | 8246842 |
| a preliminary survey of cycloheximide-resistant airborne fungi in turin, italy. | numbers and type of the cycloheximide-resistant part of the aerially transmitted mycoflora of turin were studied. samples from three areas characterized by differing human usage were taken in the first week of march. during each sampling, 12 m3 of air were aspirated, using an one-stage volumetric sieve sampler. fifty-two mesophilic species and eight thermotolerant were isolated. propagule load varied from 2.92 to 120.31 cfu m-3. the following species appear not to have been reported previously f ... | 1993 | 8247094 |
| identification of the gene encoding the major cellobiohydrolase of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | previous studies have shown that the cellobiohydrolases of the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium are encoded by a family of structurally related genes. in this investigation, we identified and sequenced the most highly transcribed gene, cbh1-4. evidence suggests that in this fungus the dominant isozyme, cbh1, is encoded by chb1-4. | 1993 | 8250570 |
| nmr investigation of isotopically labeled cyanide derivatives of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. | the 1h nmr spectroscopy was used to study lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) containing deuterated histidines. lip and mnp were obtained from a histidine auxotroph of the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in the presence of deuterated histidines. the derivatives with deuterated histidines have allowed a firm assignment of the protons of the distal and proximal histidines. we have also found that the lip from this strain exhibits different orientations of the 2-vinyl gr ... | 1993 | 8257683 |
| temporal expression of the major lignin peroxidase genes of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | dna probes specific for the genes encoding major lignin peroxidase (lip) isozymes h2, h8, and h10 of phanerochaete chrysosporium were constructed. these probes were used to study the temporal expression of the three lip genes in defined low-nitrogen medium. h2 gene transcripts were produced at high levels on days 4, 5, and 7 and at low levels on day 6, while the h8 gene transcripts peaked on day 4 and were produced in substantially lower amounts thereafter. h10 transcripts, on the other hand, pe ... | 1993 | 8285698 |
| ubiquity of lignin-degrading peroxidases among various wood-degrading fungi. | phanerochaete chrysosporium is rapidly becoming a model system for the study of lignin biodegradation. numerous studies on the physiology, biochemistry, chemistry, and genetics of this system have been performed. however, p. chrysosporium is not the only fungus to have a lignin-degrading enzyme system. many other ligninolytic species of fungi, as well as other distantly related organisms which are known to produce lignin peroxidases, are described in this paper. in this study, we demonstrated th ... | 1993 | 8285705 |
| crystal structure of the fungal peroxidase from arthromyces ramosus at 1.9 a resolution. structural comparisons with the lignin and cytochrome c peroxidases. | the crystal structure of the peroxidase (donor: h2o2 oxidoreductase, ec 1.11.1.7) from the hyphomycete arthromyces ramosus (arp) has been determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method and refined by the simulated annealing method to a crystallographic r-factor of 17.4% for the 19,191 reflections with f > 2 sigma f between 7.0 and 1.9 a resolution. the model includes residues 9 to 344, the heme group, two n-acetylglucosamine residues, two calcium ions and 246 water molecules. the root ... | 1994 | 8289254 |
| gene replacement in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the ability to carry out gene replacements and gene targeting in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, would facilitate studies on the roles and regulation of various components of its lignindegrading system. a plasmid consisting of the p. chrysosporium ura3 gene (encoding orotidylate decarboxylase) interrupted with the schizophyllum commune ade2 gene (encoding an adenine biosynthetic enzyme) was used to transform the p. chrysosporium ade2 strain to adenine prot ... | 1993 | 8294022 |
| role of organic acid chelators in manganese regulation of lignin degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | nitrogen, carbon, and manganese are potent regulators of lignin degradation, but although nitrogen and carbon elicit a generalizated response when cells are starved, manganese is a relatively specific regulator of lignin and manganese peroxidase (lip and mnp, respectively). at high manganese levels, mnp is induced, and lip is repressed. at low mn levels, mnp is repressed, and lip is induced. organic acid chelators are very important in attaining lip repression with high mn. both mineralization a ... | 1993 | 8323262 |
| degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | under secondary metabolic conditions the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium rapidly mineralizes 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. the pathway for degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and oxidation products generated by purified lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp). the multistep pathway involves cycles of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative dechlorination reactions followed by quinone reduction reactions to yield the ... | 1993 | 8328802 |
| modelling the growth kinetics of phanerochaete chrysosporium in submerged static culture. | the potential commercial application of phanerochaete chrysosporium requires methods for quantitatively predicting growth and substrate utilization. the growth kinetics of p. chrysosporium ina-12 (cncm i-398) were investigated and modelled under nonlimiting nitrogen and carbon conditions in submerged static culture. this strain, unlike other strains, does not require nutrient limitation for induction of lignin peroxidase. maximum levels of lignin peroxidase activity were reached 7 days after cul ... | 1993 | 8328805 |
| overproduction of lignin peroxidase by phanerochaete chrysosporium (bkm-f-1767) under nonlimiting nutrient conditions. | the ligninolytic enzymes synthesized by phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767 immobilized on polyurethane foam were characterized under limiting, sufficient, and excess nutrient conditions. the fungus was grown in a nonimmersed liquid culture system under conditions close to those occurring in nature, with nitrogen concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 60 mm. this nonimmersed liquid culture system consisted of fungal mycelium immobilized on porous pieces of polyurethane foam saturated with liquid ... | 1993 | 8328807 |
| in situ localization of the secretion of lignin peroxidases in colonies of phanerochaete chrysosporium using a sandwiched mode of culture. | protein secretion and growth were investigated in phanerochaete chrysosporium by using cultures sandwiched between perforated polycarbonate membranes. labelling of colonies with radioactive n-acetylglucosamine and l-methionine indicated a close correlation between growth and general protein secretion, even in a central area of the colony secreting the idiophase enzymes lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese-dependent lignin peroxidase (mnp). comparison of the sites of release into the medium of n ... | 1993 | 8336112 |
| polarimetry and 13c n.m.r. show that the hydrolyses of beta-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride by beta(1-->3)-glucanases from phanerochaete chrysosporium and sporotrichum dimorphosporum have opposite stereochemistries. | the time courses of optical rotation and fluoride ion release during hydrolysis of beta-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride by the beta(1-->3)-glucanase of phanerochaete chrysosporium (j. l. copa-patiño and p. broda, unpublished work) indicated that the initial sugar product was beta-d-glucopyranose. this was confirmed by monitoring the hydrolysis of 1-[13c]beta-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride by this enzyme with 13c n.m.r. (without proton decoupling). the same two techniques were used to confirm that hydrolysi ... | 1993 | 8343138 |
| cloning and characterization of cdna encoding glyoxal oxidase, a h2o2-producing enzyme from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | glyoxal oxidase is produced by ligninolytic cultures of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium and is a source of the extracellular h2o2 that is required by ligninolytic peroxidases. we report here the cloning and characterization of glx-1c cdna, which encodes glyoxal oxidase. the deduced mature protein has 537 amino acids, a molecular size of 57 kda, and a pi of 5.1. five potential n-glycosylation sites are present. the predicted n-terminal sequence is identical to the experimentally ... | 1993 | 8346264 |
| immobilization as a tool for the stabilization of lignin peroxidase produced by phanerochaete chrysosporium ina-12. | lignin peroxidase immobilization was achieved by covalent coupling on cnbr-sepharose 4b. protein immobilization yield was around 80%. for veratryl alcohol oxidation, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, both soluble and bound enzymes exhibited the same ph profile with an optimum near 2.5. catalytic parameters (kc and km) were seriously affected by immobilization. on the other hand, immobilization provided a noticeable stabilization of the enzyme against acidic ph and high temperatures. a 15-20 ... | 1993 | 8346905 |
| surface properties of the conidiospores of phanerochaete chrysosporium and their relevance to pellet formation. | the conidiospores of the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium tend to aggregate during swelling and germination in agitated liquid medium; as time passes, the initial aggregates tend to associate together and to capture conidiospores that remain isolated. the surface chemical compositions of the conidiospores and of developed hyphae were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. the data were interpreted by modelling the surface in terms of proteins, polysaccharides and hydroc ... | 1993 | 8349553 |
| adiaspiromycosis: an unusual fungal infection of the lung. report of 11 cases. | adiaspiromycosis (ad"i-ah-spi"ro-mi-kósis) is a worldwide, noninfectious, nonarthropod transmitted fungal infection of lower vertebrates, most commonly rodents. humans become an accidental host by inhaling dust-borne spores (conidia) of the saprophytic soil fungus, emmonsia crescens (recently renamed chrysosporium parvum variety crescens). we report 11 cases of this unusual deep mycosis from south america, europe, and the united states. the severity of the disease depends on the number of spores ... | 1993 | 8352373 |
| nitrogen regulation of lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase production is independent of carbon and manganese regulation in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | in this study, a n-deregulated mutant (der8-5) of phanerochaete chrysosporium was used as a tool to investigate the interrelationships between n, c, and mn(ii) regulation of lip and mnp production in this organism. the results showed that lip and mnp production by der8-5 was blocked in excess c medium but not in excess n medium. furthermore, lip and mnp production in this organism was subject to mn(ii) regulation regardless of the fact whether it is grown in low n medium or in high n medium. the ... | 1993 | 8352647 |