| characterization of proteolytic enzymes expressed in the midgut of haemaphysalis longicornis. | the proteolytic activities present in midguts of both fed and unfed haemaphysalis longicornis were assessed by using the gelatin-substrate gel electrophoresis and inhibitor sensitivity analyses. three predominant (116, 48 and 48 kda) and two weak (55 and 60 kda) proteinase bands were commonly expressed in both unfed and fed ticks, while a weak 80 kda band was only present in fed ticks. consistent with observations on other tick species, proteolytic activity against the gelatin substrate was obse ... | 1999 | 10414026 |
| ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. | in this article, literature records of argasid and ixodid ticks feeding on humans worldwide are provided in view of increased awareness of risks associated with tick bites. ticks can cause paralyses, toxicoses, allergic reactions and are vectors of a broad range of viral, rickettsial, bacterial and protozoan pathogens. approximately 12 argasid species (argas and ornithodos) are frequently found attached to humans who intrude into tick-infested caves and burrows. over 20 ixodid tick species are o ... | 1999 | 10581710 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxvii. ixodid ticks on cattle on kikuyu grass pastures and in valley bushveld in the eastern cape province. | individual calves, exposed to infestation for 14 d on dry-land kikuyu grass pastures on the coast near alexandria, were slaughtered at approximately monthly intervals over a period of 2 years and examined for ticks. although seven species were recovered total tick burdens were for the most part low. changing the acaricide with which other cattle on the farm, but not the survey calves, were treated from an organophosphate-based compound to a synthetic pyrethroid resulted in a marked sustained red ... | 1999 | 10631707 |
| ticks of south carolina (acari: ixodoidea). | county and host records are reported for 19 species of ticks from south carolina: amblyomma americanum, amblyomma maculatum, amblyomma tuberculatum, aponomma latum, boophilus annulatus, boophilus microplus, dermacentor albipictus, dermacentor variablis, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes affinis, ixodes brunneus, ixodes cookei, ixodes marxi, ixodes minor, ixodes scapularis, ixodes texanus, ixodes woodi, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and ornithodoros capensis. ixodes woodi is recorded from south ... | 1999 | 10672552 |
| prevalence of lyme disease borrelia spp. in ticks from migratory birds on the japanese mainland. | borrelia sp. prevalence in ticks on migratory birds was surveyed in central japan. in autumn, a total of 1,733 birds representing 40 species were examined for ticks. a total of 361 ticks were obtained from 173 birds of 15 species, and these ticks were immature haemaphysalis flava (94.4%), haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes columnae, ixodes persulcatus, ixodes turdus, and an unidentified ixodes species. of these, 27 juveniles of h. flava on turdus pallidus, turdus cardis, or emberiza spodocephala, ... | 2000 | 10698761 |
| tick infestations of birds in coastal georgia and alabama. | mist-netted birds were examined for ticks on jekyll island, glynn co., georgia (32 bird species) in 1996-1998, and at fort morgan, baldwin co., alabama (36 species) in 1998 during fall migration. sixty-two (14.7%) of 423 birds from jekyll island and 22 (13.3%) of 165 birds from fort morgan were infested with ticks. the mean number of ticks per infested bird was 2.0 on jekyll island and 6.3 at fort morgan. ten species of birds were infested with ticks on jekyl1 island where 87% of all ticks were ... | 2000 | 10780541 |
| comparison of the protein profiles of salivary gland extracts derived from three species of unfed and partially fed ixodid ticks analysed by sds-page. | salivary gland extracts (sge) from unfed and 5 days fed adult female ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758); haemaphysalis inermis (birula, 1895) and dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius, 1794) ticks were prepared. the protein content after feeding increased by 10.6, 8.7 and 6.8 times, respectively. extracts were equilibrated to the same protein content and submitted to sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by computer analysis of the scanned gels. relative differences in protein profiles of ex ... | 2000 | 10833019 |
| characterization of an 84 kda protein inducing an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in rabbits sensitized to haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | an immunogenic 84 kda protein was isolated and purified from whole tick extracts of haemaphysalis longicornis larvae by a combination of ion exchange, reverse phase and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. the protein, when injected intradermally into rabbits exposed to repeated tick feeding, induces an immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction. it has been purified to homogeneity as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. amino acid sequ ... | 2000 | 10838195 |
| [the intraspecific taxonomic structure and identification of closely related species of ixodid ticks (ixodidae)]. | two variants of intraspecific morphological differentiation of 7 palearctic species of ixodidae and respectively two variants of their intraspecific taxonomic pattern have been revealed on the basis of the study of geographic variation of each species. three species--ixodes pavlovskyi pom., 1946, haemaphysalis erinacei pavesi, 1884, hyalomma asiaticum sch. et schl., 1929, are subdivided into subspecies, and four ones--i. ricinus (l., 1758), i. persulcatus sch., 1930, i. crenulatus koch, 1844, de ... | 2000 | 10862394 |
| identification of ehrlichia chaffeensis by nested pcr in ticks from southern china. | a total of 717 ticks collected from southern china were examined by nested pcr for the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis. sixteen (55. 2%) of 29 adult amblyomma testudinarium ticks and 28 (11.7%) of 240 adult and at least 4.2% of 215 nymphal (pooled specimens) haemaphysalis yeni ticks tested positive. four other species of ticks were negative. selected positive amplicons were confirmed by dna sequencing. | 2000 | 10878087 |
| tick bite by haemaphysalis megaspinosa - first case. | we describe the first case of tick bite by haemaphysalis megaspinosa. the tick was found on the skin at the right occipital area in a 5-year-old girl, who had gone on a picnic twice to a mountain 1 and 5 days before she noticed the tick. the tick was surgically removed. the tick was identified as an adult female of haemaphysalis megaspinosa from its morphological characteristics. this is the first report of tick bite by haemaphysalis megaspinosa. | 2000 | 10882949 |
| reduction in tick numbers (haemaphysalis longicornis), mortality and incidence of theileria sergenti infection in field-grazed calves treated with flumethrin pour-on. | the effectiveness of the pour-on formulation of flumethrin was tested on grazing cattle. flumethrin was applied once a month from april to october from 1990 to 1995 to cattle grazing in the aso area of kumamoto prefecture in japan. both the number of ticks in the field and the number of ticks feeding on cattle decreased remarkably in relation to the number of years flumethrin was applied. ticks in the field were not detected in 1994 and 1995, and ticks feeding on cattle decreased to 4% in 1995. ... | 2000 | 10946136 |
| the ixodid tick species attaching to domestic dogs and cats in great britain and ireland. | the species of ixodid ticks, attached to dogs and cats presented to veterinary practices in great britain and ireland were identified. most host animals carried only one tick species with ixodes ricinus linné (acari: ixodidae) being the most common, identified on 52% of animals, ixodes hexagonus leach (acari: ixodidae) the second most common (on 39%) and ixodes canisuga johnston (acari: ixodidae) the third most common (on 11%). a significantly higher proportion of dogs than cats carried i. ricin ... | 2000 | 11016442 |
| an incident involving blood sucking by a tick in a suburb in japan. | we encountered a patient whose blood was sucked by haemaphysalis longicornis in the suburb of a business city in tokushima prefecture in japan. the tick, which had been attached to the lower limb of the patient for one week, measured 10 mm in length. there were no notable objective or subjective findings after the complete extirpation of the tick. the area had not been known in recent history to be a habitat of ticks, and, thus, this case is of importance in terms of predicting future trends of ... | 2000 | 11019494 |
| distribution and ecology of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting livestock in tunisia: an overview of eighth years field collections. | ticks (ixodidae) play a significant role as vectors of pathogens of domestic animals in tunisia. the major losses caused by ticks are related to transmission of protozoan parasites. these include agents of tropical theileriosis and babesiosis in ruminants. since 1991, we conducted research studies on tick population of livestock in tunisia. this overview reports a synthesis on tick distribution, their biology and their role as vectors of pathogens in domestic animals, particularly cattle. during ... | 1999 | 11071534 |
| general review of tick species present in portugal. | at present, 24 species are known to occur in portugal: argas vespertilionis, ornithodoros maritimus and ornithodoros erraticus in argasidae; ixodes acuminatus, ixodes bivari, ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes simplex simplex, ixodes ventalloi, ixodes vespertilionis, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor pictus', haemaphysalis hispanica, haemaphysalis inermis, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhi ... | 1999 | 11071535 |
| ticks infesting domestic animals in italy: current acarological studies carried out in sardinia and basilicata regions. | the note reviews published and unpublished data on acaralogical studies carried out by different parasitologists' groups in sardinia and basilicata regions. in sardinia 72 collecting sites were investigated and a total of 4,086 ticks were collected from hosts (cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) and from soil. so far 2,413 ticks belonging to six genera have been identified: rhipicephalus (67.2%), haemaphysalis (24.1%), hyalomma (2.7%), boophilus (0.7%), dermacentor (4.9%), ixodes (0.3%). host-associa ... | 1999 | 11071541 |
| tick species infesting ruminants in italy: ecological and bio-climatic factors affecting the different regional distribution. | the distribution of tick species able to infest ruminants in italy is briefly reviewed on the basis of published records and new data obtained in several surveys carried out mainly in northern italy. the most frequent and abundant tick species found on ruminants throughout italy are ixodes ricinus and dermacentor marginatus, the first gradually replacing its association with sheep by the association with wild ruminants. rhipicephalus bursa was mainly found on cattle while r. turanicus, which is ... | 1999 | 11071542 |
| acarological studies in two protected areas of central italy. | in the present note are reported the results of preliminary studies on tick distribution in two wildlife areas of abruzzo (national park of abruzzo, a mountainous area, approximately 40,000 ha, in central apennines, interesting abruzzo, latium and molise regions) and latium (capocotta-castel porziano presidential reserve, on the tyrrhenian coast, 30 km from rome). sampling of ticks from domestic and wild mammals as well as from vegetation, was performed in three different areas of the national p ... | 1999 | 11071544 |
| ectoparasites of dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in north west province, south africa. | a total of 344 dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in north west province, south africa, was examined for ectoparasites, and all visible arthropods were collected from the left side of each dog. by doubling these numbers it was estimated that the dogs harboured 14,724 ixodid ticks, belonging to 6 species, 1,028 fleas, belonging to 2 species, and 26 lice. haemaphysalis leachi accounted for 420 and rhipicephalus sanguineus for 14,226 of the ticks. pure infestations of h. leachi w ... | 2000 | 11205167 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxviii. ixodid ticks collected from 23 wild carnivore species. | ixodid ticks were collected from 104 wild carnivores belonging to 23 species in various nature reserves and on several farms in all nine provinces of south africa. seven feral cats in a nature reserve were also examined. twenty-four tick species belonging to seven genera were recovered and identified. amongst these ticks we consider the adults of haemaphysalis leachi, haemaphysalis spinulosa, haemaphysalis zumpti, ixodes rubicundus, rhipicentor nuttalli, rhipicephalus simus and rhipicephalus tur ... | 2000 | 11206391 |
| life cycle of the tick haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. | the life cycles of two separate populations (colonies a and b) of the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporis-palustris, were studied under laboratory conditions. domestic new zealand rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus, and wild rabbits, sylvilagus brasiliensis, were used as hosts for ticks from colony b and only o. cuniculus rabbits were used as hosts for ticks from colony a. developmental periods were observed in an incubator at 27+/-1 degrees c and rh 90+/-5%. larvae from colonies a and b fed for 8.0+ ... | 2000 | 11227826 |
| [combined focus of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis and tularemia in the habitat of haemaphysalis concinna in south central siberia]. | for the first time in the krasnoyarsk region the population haemaphysalis concinna ticks were found to be infected with the causative agents of three natural focal tick-borne infections--tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis and tularemia. the existence of the combined natural focus of these three infections has been confirmed by epidemiological data. ticks dermacentor nuttalli also play a similar role in combined foci of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis in these ... | 2001 | 11236514 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) and spirochetes (spirochaetaceae: spirochaetales) recovered from birds on a georgia barrier island. | from september 1997 through july 1999, 300 individuals and 46 species of birds were mist-netted and screened for ticks and spirochetes on st. catherine's island, liberty county, ga. seventy-six (25%) of the birds were parasitized by a meal intensity of 4.6 ticks. seasonally, more birds were infested with ticks during the summer (50% in 1998, 34% in 1999) than in spring (15% in 1998, 11% in 1999) or fall (21% in 1997, 20% in 1998), mainly because of severe infestations on some birds by immature s ... | 2001 | 11296828 |
| characterization of two cdnas encoding serine proteinases from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | host vaccination against tick infestation is at present the most practical and sustainable alternative tick control method to the current acaricide use which has serious limitations. however the success of this approach to control ticks depends upon the identification of target vaccine antigens. members of the serine proteinase gene family may represent an interesting group of proteins to target as candidate antigens because of their involvement in regulation of many physiological functions and ... | 2001 | 11378417 |
| molecular characterization of a peroxiredoxin from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | antioxidant enzymes in eukaryotes play an important role in protection against the oxygen radicals generated during aerobic metabolism. here we report the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis (hlprx). hlprx is 939 bp long and contains a 101 bp non-translated sequence at the 5' end and a polyadenylation singnal followed by a poly(a) tail at the 3' end. hlprx encodes a full-length protein with a predicted ... | 2001 | 11422507 |
| cdna cloning, characterization and vaccine effect analysis of haemaphysalis longicornis tick saliva proteins. | immunological control of ticks is currently the only sustainable and practical alternative method to the current use of acaricides which has serious limitations. the success of this method is dependent upon identification and cloning of potential tick vaccine antigens. we used a combination of immuno-screening of an adult tick cdna library as well as the 3 and 5 rapid amplification of cdna ends to clone two cdnas, encoding tick saliva proteins from haemaphysalis longicornis. the two cdnas herein ... | 2001 | 11457556 |
| detection of haemoparasites in cattle by reverse line blot hybridisation with a note on the distribution of ticks in sicily. | a reverse line blot hybridisation (rlb) of 21 oligonucleotides with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified regions of 16s rrna (ehrlichia/anaplasma group) or 18s rrna (babesia/theileria group) genes of haemoparasites detected theileria annulata, t. buffeli/orientalis, babesia bovis, b. bigemina, b. divergens, ehrlichia bovis, anaplasma marginale, a. centrale and unknown species within the rickettsia tribe.a very high prevalence of mixed infections was detected, which indicated that animals in ... | 2001 | 11511414 |
| birds and their ticks in northwestern california: minimal contribution to borrelia burgdorferi enzootiology. | birds and their attendant ticks were surveyed for infection with the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, in chaparral and woodland-grass habitats in northwestern california from march to july, 1998 to 1999. in total, 234 birds were captured and recaptured (15%); nearly 2.5 times more birds were captured in chaparral than in woodland-grass. overall, 34 species representing 15 families were collected during this study; of these, 24 species were caught in chaparral, 19 in woodland-grass, ... | 2001 | 11534638 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xl. ticks on dogs belonging to people in rural communities and carnivore ticks on the vegetation. | ixodid ticks were collected at weekly intervals from february 1999 to april 2000 from domestic dogs belonging to people in rural communities in north-eastern kwazulu-natal. seven ticks were identified to species level and adult haemaphysalis leachi followed by immature amblyomma hebraeum and adult rhipicephalus simus were the most prevalent. infestation with adult h. leachi was most intense during february and march 1999 and from january to april 2000, and least intense during october 1999. infe ... | 2001 | 11585091 |
| anti-interleukin-8 activity of tick salivary gland extracts. | interleukin-8 (il-8) is one of many mammalian chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) that direct mammalian inflammatory and immune cells to sites of injury and infection. chemokines are produced locally and act on leucocytes through selective receptors. the principal role of il-8 is to control the movement and activity of neutrophils. to date, several tick species have been shown to modulate the production or activity of certain cytokines but none of these are chemokines. using an il-8 specific elis ... | 2001 | 11589777 |
| molecular characterization of a troponin i-like protein from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna expression library prepared from mrna of haemaphysalis longicornis (h. longicornis) was screened with a h. longicornis-infested rabbit serum. a cdna encoding 27/30kda proteins was cloned and designated p27/30 gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the p27/30 gene shows a rather high homology (58% amino acid identities and 11% amino acid similarity) with drosophila melanogaster troponin i clone e2. h. longicornis p27/30 possesses amino acid sequence of actin-binding domains of troponin ... | 2001 | 11719070 |
| molecular evidence of babesia caballi (nuttall and strickland, 1910) parasite transmission from experimentally-infected scid mice to the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (neuman, 1901). | molecular evidence that suggests the possible role of the ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis and its eggs in the transmission of equine babesia caballi parasites is presented herein. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to assay for dna in parasites, presumably acquired by ticks that were allowed to feed on splenectomized-scid mice, experimentally exposed to in vitro-cultivated b. caballi, we have obtained positive bands that corresponded to the expected b. caballi-specific 430bp gene fragm ... | 2001 | 11777598 |
| heterogeneity in the effect of different ixodid tick species on human natural killer cell activity. | tick saliva plays a vital role in blood-feeding, including manipulation of the host response to tick infestation. furthermore, a diverse number of tick-borne pathogens are transmitted to vertebrate hosts via tick saliva, some of which exploit the immunomodulatory activities of their vector's saliva. we report that salivary gland extracts (sge) derived from dermacentor reticulatus adult ticks induce a decrease in the natural killer (nk) activity of effector cells obtained from healthy human blood ... | 2002 | 11856443 |
| [the first discovery of endemic lyme disease in shandong province]. | to investigate the endemic area of lyme disease in shandong province. | 2000 | 11860804 |
| evolution of the secondary structure of the rrna internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) in hard ticks (ixodidae, arthropoda). | its2 sequences are used extensively in molecular taxonomy and population genetics of arthropods and other animals yet little is known about the molecular evolution of its2. we studied the secondary structure of its2 in species from each of the six main lineages of hard ticks (family ixodidae). the its2 of these ticks varied in length from 679 bp in ixodes scapularis to 1547 bp in aponomma concolor. nucleotide content varied also: the its2 of ticks from the prostriata lineage (ixodes spp.) had 46 ... | 2002 | 11920135 |
| immune responses of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) knock out mice to repeated haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae) nymph infestations. | to investigate the immunological mechanisms of acquired resistance to tick infestation, interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) deficient mice (ifn-gamma mice) were used to assess interleukin-4 (il-4) and antibody production levels against tick salivary gland antigen on three successive infestations with haemoaphysalis longicornis neumann nymphs. the engorged body weight of the ticks decreased during the second and third infestations. similar observations were noted in ifn-gamma+/+ mice. however, the engor ... | 2002 | 11931253 |
| identification of newly isolated babesia parasites from cattle in korea by using the bo-rbc-scid mice. | attempts were made to isolate and identify korean bovine babesia parasite. blood samples were collected from holstein cows in korea, and babesia parasites were propagated in scid mice with circulating bovine red blood cells for isolation. the isolate was then antigenically and genotypically compared with several japanese isolates. the korean parasite was found to be nearly identical to the oshima strain isolated from japanese cattle, which was recently designated as babesia ovata oshimensis n. v ... | 2002 | 11949211 |
| comparison of macrophage scavenger receptor-a knockout mice with wild type ones in the immune response against repeated infestation with haemaphysalis longicornis. | using macrophage scavenger receptor-a knockout (srko) mice, we examined the role of macrophage class a scavenger receptors (mrs-a) on the immune response and acquisition of host resistance against repeated infestation with haemaphysalis longicornis. except for one batch of nymphs that infested one of the srko (sr-/-) mice and showed no appreciable reduction in body weight, all the other groups of nymphs manifested significant decrease in body weight. both sr-/- and wild type (sr+/+) mice showed ... | 2002 | 12014582 |
| the distribution of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) in central ethiopia. | ixodid ticks were collected from domestic animals, mainly cattle, in 11 administrative zones covering 84 districts in central ethiopia over a period of 2 years (july 1996 to june 1998). nineteen tick species were identified. four of these belonged to the genus amblyomma, one to boophilus, two to haemaphysalis, three to hyalomma and nine to rhipicephalus. amblyomma variegatum and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were present in all 11 administrative zones and, with the exception of afar, boophilus d ... | 2001 | 12026058 |
| diversity, seasonality and sites of attachment of adult ixodid ticks on dogs in the central region of the free state province, south africa. | several surveys of ticks infesting dogs belonging to owners in resource-limited and more affluent communities have been conducted in south africa, but no such investigation has been carried out in the free state province of this country. the present study was initiated to meet this shortcoming. ticks were collected from dogs at six localities in, and to the east of the city of bloemfontein in the central region of the province. three of these localities could be classed as resource-limited and t ... | 2001 | 12026063 |
| genetic identification of rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan. | following the description in japan of japanese spotted fever, caused by rickettsia japonica, a search for the vector of this disease led to the isolation of several rickettsiae from various tick species. sixty-three rickettsial isolates were obtained from six different tick species, and six type strains were described by pcr and monoclonal antibody testing. we identified these six strains by amplification and sequencing of the genes encoding 16s rrna and citrate synthase. we confirmed that the i ... | 2002 | 12037083 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of a large babesia sp. from sheep and goats in the eastern part of gansu province, china. | two species of babesia were isolated from naturally infected sheep in the eastern part of gansu province. one of the species was identified as b. ovis, while the another one seems as yet to be an unidentified babesia species. the latter could be transmitted transovarially by haemaphysalis longicornis. it was shown that larvae and nymphs transmit the organism to sheep and goats with a prepatent period of 5-28 days. as the carrier period of b. ovis is longer than that of the larger species and the ... | 2002 | 12051600 |
| transmission of babesia sp to sheep with field-collected haemaphysalis qinghaiensis. | haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks collected in the gannan tibet autonomous region were infested onto a sheep from a babesia-free area. a strain of small babesia (1.8-2.1 microm in length) was isolated from the sheep. most of the babesia in erythrocytes were round, oval, single pyriform, double pyriform, budding or elongated in form. measurements were made of 100 single sides of the double-pyriform babesia and compared with those for b. motasi and b. ovis from holland, using student's t-test. the ... | 2002 | 12051601 |
| transmission of an unidentified theileria species to small ruminants by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks collected in the field. | the transmission of a recently identified theileria species pathogenic for sheep and goats in northern china is described. haemaphysalis qinghaiensis nymphs which had been collected from grass in epidemic areas were able to transmit this theileria species to sheep. the pathogen was also transmitted to sheep and goats by three batches of adult ticks collected from grass, ticks collected when moving about on sheep and ticks which were found partially engorged on sheep or goats. | 2002 | 12051602 |
| epidemiology of ovine theileriosis in ganan region, gansu province, china. | the epidemiology of ovine theilreiosis in gannan tibet autonomous region was investigated. the results of these studies indicate that this disease is endemic in the following counties of gannan where the vector tick was identified as haemaphysalis qighaiensis: luqu, xiahe, hezuo, zhuoni, lintan, diebu, maqu. the disease mainly occurred from march to may and some cases also occurred in september and october. the incidence rates in lambs of sheep brought from areas free of the disease were high. o ... | 2002 | 12051605 |
| phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan. | eight spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan were classified by phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of both the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta) and 190-kda antigen-encoding gene (rompa). in the phylogenetic tree of glta, strains dt-1 and fla-1 isolated from the dermacentor taiwanensis and haemaphysalis frava ticks, respectively, were placed as rickettsia japonica, and strains io-1, io-2, io-25, im-1 and ip-2 from genus ixodes ticks were place ... | 2002 | 12061626 |
| haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks transmit at least two different theileria species: one is infective to yaks, one is infective to sheep. | adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks from gannan area, where ovine theileriosis is prevalent but bovine theileriosis has not been reported, transmitted theileria parasites to yaks and sheep. blood from the infected yak contained theileria parasites that were infective to yaks, but not sheep. in contrast, blood from the infected sheep did not contain theileria parasites infective to yaks. these results suggested that the ticks from the gannan area were infected with two species of theileria one ... | 2002 | 12072211 |
| tick infestation of sika deer (cervus nippon) in the western part of yamaguchi prefecture, japan. | ticks were collected from 94 sika deer (cervus nippon) hunted in the western part of yamaguchi prefecture, japan from august to november 1999, and march to july 2000. haemaphysalis longicornis and h. yeni were the dominant species from april to august, while h. flava and h. megaspinosa were dominant in october, november and march. this is the first report of h. yeni in the mainland of japan. small numbers of h. kitaokai, amblyomma testudinarium and ixodes ovatus were also recorded. | 2002 | 12185317 |
| experiments on transmission of an unidentified theileria sp. to small ruminants with haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. | experiments on the transmission of an unidentified theileria sp. infective for small ruminants by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were carried out. three theileria-free batches of adult, larvae, and nymphs of laboratory reared h. qinghaiensis and hy. a. anatolicum ticks were infected by feeding them on sheep infected with theileria sp. the theileria sp. was originally isolated from adult ticks of h. qinghaiensis, by inoculation of blood stabilates or tick transmissi ... | 2002 | 12191896 |
| epidemiology of bovine tick-borne diseases in southern italy. | this investigation was carried out in an area covering part of three southern italian regions: campania, basilicata and apulia. eighty-one farms were involved using the formula suggested by thrusfield; they were equally distributed over the area which was subdivided into 81 geo-referenced sub-areas. in may and june 1999 from a total of 506 cattle, older than 18 months, blood-samples were taken and ticks were collected and identified. serum samples were tested for antibodies of bahesia bigemina, ... | 2002 | 12199369 |
| an epidemiological study on ovine babesiosis in the mashhad suburb area, province of khorasan, iran. | the prevalence of babesia spp. infection was studied in sheep of the mashhad area in iran from 1998 to 2000. a total of 677 sheep originating from 115 flocks were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of babesia spp. in appropriate blood smears and any tick species on the body of the animals. the study revealed that the infection rate for babesia ovis and babesia motasi were 167 (24.6%) and 4 (0.5%), respectively. double (mixed) infections occurred in 21 (3%) sheep. differences i ... | 2002 | 12208039 |
| studies on theileria and babesia infecting live and slaughtered animals in al arish and el hasanah, north sinai governorate, egypt. | during the year 2001, a total of 475 sheep, 200 goats, 135 cattle and 190 camels in el arich city and el hassanah center were examined for babesia ovis and theileria ovis. blood films were taken from the vein of the ear. meanwhile, the animals were examined for tick infestations. b. ovis and th. ovis were detected in 13 (2.7%), and 14 (2.9%) sheep, 14 (7.0%), and 15 (7.5%) goats, 13 (9.6%), and 11 (8.1%) cattle and 18 (9.5%), and 24 (12.6%) camels respectively. on the other hand, double infectio ... | 2002 | 12214937 |
| relative importance of lizards and mammals as hosts for ixodid ticks in northern california. | abstract lizards and mammals were trapped and examined for ticks from august 1992 to june 1993 in two habitat types, chaparral and woodland-grass, in northern california. five tick species were collected from mammals (dermacentor occidentalis, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes pacificus, i. spinipalpis, i. woodi), but only i. pacificus was found on lizards. dermacentor occidentalis, i. pacificus, and i. woodi occurred in both habitats, whereas h. leporispalustris and i. spinipalpis were fou ... | 2002 | 12475082 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a cdna encoding tick chitinase was cloned from a cdna library of mrna from haemaphysalis longicornis eggs and designated as cht1 cdna. the cht1 cdna contains an open reading frame of 2790 bp that codes for 930 amino acid residues with a coding capacity of 104 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a 31% amino acid homology to aedes aegypti chitinase and a multidomain structure containing one chitin binding peritrophin a domain and two glycosyl hydrolase family 18 chitin binding domains. the ... | 2003 | 12502707 |
| survey of ixodid tick species on domestic cats in japan. | various species of ixodid ticks, attached to domestic cats in japan, were identified in spring (april to june) and autumn (september to november). in the spring, a total of 282 ticks, including 61 larvae, 70 nymphs, 127 females and 24 males were collected from 126 cats. of these, 264 were identified up to the species level. in the spring, haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently (39.7%, 50/126) found tick species on feline hosts, followed by ixodes ovatus (35.0%, 44/126), ixodes nippone ... | 2003 | 12531297 |
| prevalence of external parasites in the south eastern desert of egypt. | external parasites in the triangle region (halaib & shalatin) affecting the animal health were studied. ectoparasites were collected in several sites by using bait traps and directly from animal bodies. results indicated the presence of twelve species of insects belonging to seven genera included in three families (calliphoridae, muscidae and sarcophagidae). concerning ectoparasites on animal bodies, there were two species of biting lice infested goats and sheep (bovicola caprae and b. ovis, res ... | 2001 | 12557945 |
| ixodid ticks feeding on humans in south africa: with notes on preferred hosts, geographic distribution, seasonal occurrence and transmission of pathogens. | this paper records the identities of 558 ixodid ticks feeding on 194 humans in south africa. these ticks belonged to 20 species in six genera and those most frequently encountered were amblyomma hebraeum, haemaphysalis leachi, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, hyalomma truncatum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus gertrudae and rhipicephalus simus. with the exception of the larvae of r. appendiculatus, the incidents of these ticks feeding on humans correlated well with their seasonal occurre ... | 2002 | 12593517 |
| host associations and seasonal occurrence of haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes brunneus, i. cookei, i. dentatus, and i. texanus (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | hemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes brunneus koch, ixodes cookei packard, ixodes dentatus marx, and ixodes texanus banks were collected during a 3-yr study of pathogen-tick-host interactions in southeastern missouri. h. leporispalustris was collected from the eastern cottontail rabbit, northern bobwhite, and carolina wren, and it was active all year. i. brunneus was collected by drag and from passerine birds during december, march, and april. i. cookei was collected from raccoons and ... | 2003 | 12597662 |
| prevalence of borreliae in ixodid ticks from a floodplain forest ecosystem. | host-seeking ixodid ticks were sampled in a floodplain forest ecosystem along the lower reaches of the thaya (dyje) river in south moravia (czech republic) and lower austria during the period 1989-2002. the ticks were examined by dark-field microscopy for borreliae (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of lyme borreliosis), and attempts were made to culture the spirochetes in bsk-h medium from preparations containing their high numbers. isolated borreliae were identified by pcr-rflp analys ... | 2003 | 12674689 |
| passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies: effects on haemaphysalis longicornis tick infestation of balb/c mice. | tick vaccine development plays an important role in current tick control strategies. previously, we have produced three different isotypes of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which recognized a midgut protein of adult haemaphysalis longicornis. these mabs, typed as igg1, 2a, and 2b, reacted with a 76 kda surface protein of midgut cells. we speculated that the 76 kda protein may be an unknown antigen for a tick vaccine and the three mabs may work as probes to clone the protein. in this study, to test ... | 2003 | 12675551 |
| ectoparasite ticks and chewing lice of red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa, in spain. | during the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 shooting seasons, 212 wild red-legged partridge, alectoris rufa (galliformes: phaisanide) were captured in 18 spanish provinces and examined for chewing lice and ticks. three tick species and six species of chewing lice were found. ticks (acari: ixodidae) haemaphysalis punctata canestrini & fanzago, hyalomma lusitanicum koch and ixodes frontalis panzer were found at the lowest prevalence (1.4% overall tick prevalence). the louse (mallophaga) species, goniodes d ... | 2003 | 12680922 |
| ixodid tick species recovered from domestic dogs in japan. | the species of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) recovered from domestic dogs in japan between september to november 2000 and april to june 2001 were identified. a total of 4122 ticks, including 1624 larvae, 1200 nymphs, 1016 females and 282 males were removed from 1221 dogs during these periods. haemaphysalis longicornis (neumann) was the most frequently found (40.3% of dogs), followed by h. flava (neumann) (16.1% of dogs), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (4.8% of dogs) and ixodes ovatus (neu ... | 2003 | 12680923 |
| detection of ehrlichia spp., anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., and other eubacteria in ticks from the thai-myanmar border and vietnam. | a total of 650 ticks, including 13 species from five genera, were collected from animals, from people, or by flagging of the vegetation at sites on the thai-myanmar border and in vietnam. they were tested by pcr to detect dna of bacteria of the order rickettsiales: three anaplasma spp. were detected in ticks collected in thailand, including (i) anaplasma sp. strain anda465, which was considered a genotype of anaplasma platys (formerly ehrlichia platys) and which was obtained from dermacentor aur ... | 2003 | 12682151 |
| identification and characterization of novel salivary thrombin inhibitors from the ixodidae tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | novel antithrombin molecules were identified from the ixodidae tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. these molecules, named madanin 1 and 2, are 7-kda proteins and show no significant similarities to any previously identified proteins. assays using human plasma showed that madanin 1 and 2 dose-dependently prolonged both activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, indicating that they inhibit both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. direct binding assay by surface plasmon resonance m ... | 2003 | 12709051 |
| morphological studies on the extracellular structure of the midgut of a tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | in the present study, morphological observations on the extracellular structures found on the apical surface of the midgut epithelium, known as the peritrophic membrane (pm) or glycocalyx, are described in haemaphysalis longicornis females and larvae. these structures have been hypothesized to provide protection to the microvilli of epithelial cells of the digestive tract. our aim was to determine whether the extracellular structures are important in the digestion of the blood meal and/or as a p ... | 2003 | 12783315 |
| a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) from ixodid tick haemaphysalis longicornis; cloning and preliminary assessment of its suitability as a candidate for a tick vaccine. | rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race) and primers designed based on a conserved serpin amino acid motif (navyfkg) were used to clone a 1350bp cdna which encodes a 378 polypeptide with high sequence similarity to several known serpins. we have named this gene as haemaphysalis longicornis serpin-1 (hls1). northern blotting and reverse transcription (rt)-pcr analysis of total rna from unfed or partially fed whole ticks as well as dissected tick organs revealed that transcription of hls1 mrna ... | 2003 | 12798626 |
| detection of coxiella burnetii in ticks collected in slovakia and hungary. | a total of 235 adult ticks collected from vegetation in slovakia and hungary in 1998-2000 were tested for coxiella burnetii by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). c. burnetii was identified in six ticks of ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, and haemaphysalis concinna species. | 2003 | 12800953 |
| identification of the spotted fever group rickettsiae detected from haemaphysalis longicornis in korea. | seven haemaphysalis ticks were found positive in pcr assay of glta gene to detect the spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae dna from 100 ticks. the nucleotide sequence of 16s rrna gene was determined from 5 ticks and compared to those of other rickettsia strains. the nucleotide sequence from 4 ticks showed high homologies (99.7 to 100%) with that of r. japonica yh, and that from 1 tick (tick no. 48) was identical with that of r. rickettsii r, suggesting that sfg rickettsiae exists in korea. this ... | 2003 | 12801068 |
| identification of ehrlichia chaffeensis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a. bovis in haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes persulcatus ticks from korea. | a total of 1,467 tick (1,463 of haemaphysalis longicornis, three of ixodes persulcatus and one of i. turdus) collected from nine provinces of korea were examined by taqman real-time pcr for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma species. one set of primers and a probe were designed for detection of all of the ehrlichia and anaplasma species. template dnas (total 803) were prepared either from pools of larvae, nymphs, adult males and females, or from the salivary gland and midgut of adult ticks. ... | 2003 | 12804377 |
| ehrlichiae and ehrlichial diseases in china. | the various ticks collected from different areas of china were examined for the existence of ehrlichial agents by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with genus- or species-specific primers designed on the basis of ehrlichial 16s rrna genes and sequence analyses. in southern china, e. chaffeensis was detected in amblyomma testudinarium ticks from infested cattle, haemaphysalis yeni ticks from hare, and ixodes ovatus ticks from muntiacus reevesi. e. canis was identified in rhipicephalus sanguineus ti ... | 2003 | 12860598 |
| "candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae" in ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in russia. | we collected 209 ixodes persulcatus ticks in various regions of russia, including the southern urals and western and eastern siberia. using pcr amplification and sequencing of the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta), we detected a new rickettsial genotype, which we named "candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae." this bacterium was found in 9.27%, 10.0%, and 20.5% of the ticks collected in western siberia, eastern siberia, and the southern urals, respectively. "candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae" ... | 2003 | 12860621 |
| molecular evidence of coxiella-like microorganism harbored by haemaphysalis concinnae ticks in the russian far east. | twenty female imago of haemaphysalis concinnae ticks collected from wild vegetation in may of 2001 in the obor region near khabarovsk in the russian far east were studied. dna was extracted with commercially available kits following manufacturer's instructions. we used broad range primers sfg3 and sfg6 proposed for amplification of 16s ribosomal rna gene's portion of spotted fever group rickettsia. initial amplification resulted in positive results in all 20 ticks. direct sequencing of five rand ... | 2003 | 12860630 |
| observation on the schizont stage of an unidentified theileria sp. in experimentally infected sheep. | the schizont stage of an unidentified theileria sp. infective for small ruminants was observed. intact sheep were infected with adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis collected from fields where ovine theileriosis was prevalent. when the infested sheep developed theileriosis, tissue and organ smears were prepared. theileria schizonts were demonstrated in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, lymph node and peripheral blood. most of the schizonts were found outside the host cells, which was probably a smear art ... | 2003 | 12884011 |
| enzootic transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis among cottontail rabbits. | to determine whether the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) (anaplasma phagocytophilum) may be maintained in a parallel enzootic cycle between cottontail rabbits and their ticks, we sampled these hosts from a zoonotic site during five transmission seasons. evidence of infection was sought by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction from rabbit blood or splenic tissue, and from ticks collected from rabbits or from vegetation. approximately 27% of all rabbits sampled contained evidence ... | 2003 | 12887018 |
| enzootic transmission of anaplasma bovis in nantucket cottontail rabbits. | serological studies of cottontail rabbits sampled from nantucket island, mass., have suggested exposure to at least two ehrlichiae. the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum) is intensely enzootic in rabbits there, but the identity of the other ehrlichial infection remains undescribed. we sampled rabbits over five transmission seasons and tested their blood and tissues for evidence of infection using pcr targeting an ehrlichia genus-wide 16s rdna target. sequence an ... | 2003 | 12904385 |
| [epizootiological study of theileriasis in korea: prevalence of the bovine theileriasis in relation to its vector, haemaphysalis (kaiseriana) longicornis neumann. 1901] | investigations of some problems related to the bovine theileriasis and its vector have been undertaken in korea. owing to the nation-wide investment of dairy farming, hundreds of milk cattle were imported from foreign countries during the last l0 years. this caused some problems for the imported dairy cattle in terms of cattle piroplasmosis, from which native korean cattle are immune. the bovine theileriasis has been studied from the beginning of the 20th centry in korea, and the carriers and in ... | 1974 | 12913481 |
| [a study on the ticks of chejudo: iv. monthly life flow of ticks] | following is the result of a survey hold over a two year period(1971-1972), on the appearence and disappearence of ticks on cattle in cheju. number of haemaphysalis longicornis. larvae: from the beginning of july to mid september larvae abounded reaching their peak during july and august. in 1971 their period was from july to september. in 1972 their period was from may to october. in both years their number reached their highest point in july and august(table 1.2) nymph: ticks were found from f ... | 1973 | 12913490 |
| [study on the ticks of chejudo-life cycle] | this study was conducted to study the life cycle of haemaphysalis bispinosa and boophilus microplus. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. the period of blood-sucking from a host was 20-25 days (average 22.5 days) for haemaphysalis bispinosa and was 28-43 days (average 35.5 days) for boophilus microplus. 2. the parasitism period of haemaphysalis bispinosa on the host was the same as the blood sucking period, but the parasitism period of boophilus microplus was only 20-23 days (avera ... | 1970 | 12913514 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against midgut of ixodid tick, haemaphysalis longicornis. | there are concerted efforts toward development of tick vaccines to replace current chemical control strategies that have serious limitations [parasitologia 32 (1990) 145; infectious disease clinics of north america (1999) 209-226]. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to haemaphysalis longicornis midgut proteins were produced and characterized. eight antibody-secreting hybridomas were cloned and the mabs typed as igg1, igg2a and igg2b. on immunoblots, all mabs reacted with a midg ... | 2003 | 12944050 |
| notes on african haemaphysalis ticks. i. the mediterraneanlittoral hedgegog parasite h. erinacei pavesi, 1884 (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1955 | 13252489 |
| notes on african haemaphysalis ticks. ii. the ground-squirrel parasites, h. calcarata neumann, 1902, and h. houyi nuttall and warburton, 1915 (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1955 | 13252512 |
| q fever in britain: isolation of rickettsia burneti from the tick haemaphysalis punctata. | | 1955 | 13263583 |
| key to the adult ixodidae of the genus haemaphysalis c. l. koch, 1844 of ethiopian africa. | | 1955 | 13314097 |
| notes on african haemaphysalis ticks. iii. the hyrax parasites, h. bequaerti sp. nov., h. orientalis n. and w., 1915 (new combination), and h. cooleyi bedford, 1929 (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1956 | 13320257 |
| [ticks haemaphysalis koch (ixodidae) found in poland]. | | 1956 | 13342913 |
| notes on african haemaphysalis ticks. iv. description of egyptian populations of the yellow dog-tick, h. leachii leachii (audouin, 1827) (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1958 | 13576276 |
| biological observations on certain turkish haemaphysalis ticks (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1959 | 13642179 |
| kyasanur forest disease. viii. isolation of kyasanur forest disease virus from naturally infected ticks of the genus haemaphysalis. | | 1959 | 13653739 |
| the haemaphysalis ticks (acarina: ixodidae) of birds. i. h. ornithophila n. sp. from burma and thailand. | | 1959 | 13673345 |
| ticks from european-asiatic birds migrating through egypt into africa. | from 321 of 7381 birds (28 species), 504 immature european-asiatic ticks were collected: ixodes frontalis, haemaphysalis punctata, haemaphysalis sulcata, hyalomma spp. (probably mostly m. marginatum), hyalomma aegyptium, and hyalomma m. marginatum. many additional detaching ticks were eaten by the hosts. uninfested bird species numbered 29 (998 individuals). | 1961 | 13715711 |
| redescription of haemaphysalis (alloceraea) inermis aponommoides warburton, 1913 (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1961 | 13715713 |
| studies on the transmission of kyasanur forest disease virus by haemaphysalis spinigera newman. | | 1960 | 13780287 |
| haemaphysalis nepalensis sp. n. from a himalayan rodent and man, and description of the male of h. aponommoides warburton (n. comb.) (ixodoidea, ixodidae). j parasit 48:195-203, apr 62 and pakistan (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1962 | 13908757 |
| powassan and silverwater viruses: ecology of two ontario arboviruses. | powassan virus was isolated from a pool of ixodes marxi ticks collected during late august 1962, from a red squirrel, tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and from blood obtained from a red squirrel during early october 1962 near powassan, ontario, where a child contracted fatal encephalitis due to this virus in september 1958. the frequent detection of powassan virus neutralizing antibody in sera of squirrels captured during autumn, but rarely at other seasons, and the frequent i. marxi infestation of squi ... | 1963 | 13932161 |
| ticks (ixodidae) on birds migrating from europe and asia to africa 1959-61. | the need for imaginative thinking and research in the epidemiology of diseases transmitted by arthropods is made manifest by new views of the longevity and host ranges of arthropod-borne viruses, as well as by other biological and medical phenomena. among these is the intercontinental transport of ticks by migrating birds. during the fall migration periods of 1959, 1960 and 1961, 32 086 birds (comprising 72 forms) were examined for ticks in egypt while en route from asia and eastern europe to tr ... | 1963 | 13961632 |
| rediscovery, redescription, and relationships of haemaphysalis vidua warburton and nuttall, 1909 (ixodoidea, ixodidae) from malaya. | | 1962 | 13961637 |
| redescription of the holotype and description of all stages of haemaphysalis turturis nuttall and warburton from ceylon and india (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1963 | 14050248 |
| haemaphysalis paraturturis sp. n., a carnivore parasite of the h. turturis group in india (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1963 | 14050249 |
| status of haemaphysalis bispinosa var. intermedia warburton and nuttall, 1909, next available name for h. parva neumann, 1908 (preoccupied) (ixodoidea, ixodidae). | | 1963 | 14050250 |